IT Spark Class- 5 Flipbook

Print Layout This layout is used to create and edit standard documents, such as memos, letters, and reports. One advantage of working in this view is its adherence to WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get). The margins, headers/footers, and formatting match the printed output. Web Layout This layout is used to create, view, and edit pages as they’ll appear online when opened in a browser. By Selecting Save As in the Backstage, you can save pages in several web- compatible formats. Outline This view is used to create, view and edit outlines. Outline view is ideal for creating outlines. While working in this view, an Outlining tab with outline-related commands is added to the Ribbon. Draft This view displays a document as continuous text; page breaks are denoted by dotted lines. Graphics and other non-text objects are not shown in this view. 50

Quick Review  A margin is a blank white space between the text and the edge of the page.  Page orientation is the direction in which a document is displayed or printed.  Using multi-columns tool, the text can be written in more than one column on the same page.  The text added in columns, is adjusted automatically and flows to the next columns.  Hyperlinks are text or picture that provide access to a file, document or website directly from your document.  Header and footer are the content which appear at the top and the bottom margin of every page in the document.  Page number can be insert at the top or the bottom of the page.  A text box is a graphical element in Word.  MS Word provides different ways in which a document can be viewed, depending on the purpose for which it is viewed. A. Choose the correct answer. 1. With the help of ________ tool, we can type text in boxes. a) Pages b) Multi Columns c) Text Box d) None of these 2. __________ is the direction in which a document is displayed or printed. a) Page orientation b) Page size c) Columns d) None of these 3. __________ is/are pre-formatted header options in MS Word. a) Blank b) Blank (Three Columns) c) Austin d) All of these 4. To insert a page number at the bottom of the pages, click on Insert → Page Number →_______________ . a) Current Position b) Top of Page c) Page Margins d) Bottom of Page 51

5. ___________ view is used to create and edit pages as they'll appear online when opened in browser. a) Draft b) Outline c) Web layout d) Print layout B. Fill in the blanks. Read Mode, Letter, Zoom in, Portrait , 1” 1. By default, Page margin in the document is set to _____________. 2. By default, Page orientation is set as______________________ in the document. 3. By default, Page size is _______________________ in MS Word. 4. __________________________ is used to review a document. 5. _______________________ option is used to view a document closely & in increased size. C. Answer the following questions. 1. What is page margin in a document? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What is multi columns text? Give example. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you understand by hyperlinks in MS Word? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. What is Header & Footer? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Name the different ways in which a document can be viewed. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 52

D. Tick () the correct statement and cross () out the wrong one. 1. Header appears at the bottom of the page. 2. The two types of page orientation are portrait and landscape. 3. Page number can be inserted at the top or bottom of the page. 4. ‘Banded’ is not a pre-formatted header option. 5. When we select the number of columns, the width of columns & space between them are adjusted automatically. E. Write the steps of the following: 1. To set two columns in the document __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. To create a hyperlink __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Write a newspaper report giving an imaging account of Ganesh Utsav in your city. 1. Type it in three columns in ‘Times New Roman’ font and font size ‘12’ points. 2. Give a heading in ‘Arial’ font and center aligned. 3. Insert a picture in the first column and adjust its size according to column width. 4. Save the file with file name ‘yourname_class’ in D: drive. Teacher's Signature : __________________ Teacher's Remark : WEB http://www.gcflearnfree.org/word2013/9 http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-use-the-page- LINKS setup-dialog-box-in-word-2013.html Teacher’s Corner Dear teacher, Page Setup dialog box and Header & Footer tools have various options. More assignments can be given using these tools. 53

5 MS Word: Working with Tables Dear Teacher, Dear Students, We want to create Let's learn about tabular data in creating and designing Word. How can we the tabular data in do it? Word with its advanced options. Introduction Tables are used to present given data in the form of rows and columns. It is very useful in organizing and representing the data in an effective way. For example, if a shopkeeper wants Columns to maintain the detailed list of the dresses available in his shop, a table will be a better option. A sample table is given below. Rows A row is the horizontal series of cells in a table. A column is the vertical series of cells. The intersection of a row and a column makes a rectangular box called a cell. Inserting a Table There are three ways by which a table can be inserted in MS Word. Place the typing cursor (│) in the document where you want to insert the table and do the following: 54

Method 1: Using the grid option 1 1. On the Insert tab, in Tables group, click on the Table button. A 2 drop-down menu appears. 1 2. Hover the mouse over the grid to select the range and click on 2 the last box of the selected range. Or, click and drag the mouse pointer to select the range (number of columns and rows). For example, 4x3 (4 columns and 3 rows). 3. The table gets inserted in the document. Note Using the Grid option, you can insert a table of maximum 10 columns and 8 rows. Method 2: Using Insert Table dialog box 1. On the Insert tab, in Tables group, click on the Table button. 2. Click on the Insert Table option from the drop-down list. The Insert Table dialog box appears. 3. Insert the number of columns and rows in Insert Table dialog box. 3 4. Click on the OK button. The table gets inserted in the document. 4 1 2 Method 3: Drawing a Table 1. On the Insert tab, in Tables group, click on Table button. 2. Click on the Draw Table option from the drop-down list. The cursor changes into pencil tool. 3. Click and drag the cursor diagonally to draw the boundary of the table. 4. Now, draw the columns and rows inside the boundary one by one. 55

Note When a table is drawn or selected, a set of Table Tools, containing two tabs Design and Layout, appear on the Ribbon. As the name suggests, these tools contain the predefined sets of table designs and layouts. Navigation and selection in a table To move in the cells in a table, keyboard keys can be effectively used. Shortcut Key Function Move to one row down 1. Down Arrow Move to one row up 2. Up Arrow Move to (select) next cell 3. Tab Move to (select) previous cell 4. Shift + Tab Move to first column 5. Alt + Home Move to last column 6. Alt + End Move to first row 7. Alt + Page Up Move to last row 8. Alt + Page Down Select current cell 9. Shift + End Select content of current cell 10. End, then Shift + Home Extend selection to adjacent cells 11. Press and hold Shift and press Arrow keys Select an entire table (any one according to the requirement) repeatedly Move current row up 12. Alt + 5 (on numeric keypad, with Num Lock off) Move current row down 13. Alt + Shift + Up Arrow Select row 14. Alt + Shift + Down Arrow Select column 15. In first column, press Alt + Shift + End Delete selected column(s) 16. In first row, press Alt + Shift + Page Down 17. Shift + Delete 56

Note On the text in a table, you can apply text formatting i.e. font type, font size, font style, font colour, can be changed. Do it Yourself Open MS Word and create a table as per the guidelines given below: 1. Insert a table of 10 columns and 7 rows. 2. Enter the text as given in the figure. 3. Save the file with name yourname_Timetable. Moving a Table The steps to move a table from one location to other are: 1. Hover the mouse over the table and put the mouse cursor on Move handle. 2. Click and drag the mouse to move the table to new location. 3. Release the mouse button. Adding Rows and Columns Once a table is created, additional rows and columns can be added. Place the cursor (in a cell) where (after/before or left/right) you want to add a row or column. For example, in previous topic a table is created, having two columns in it. Same table is being used here for the reference. Adding rows 32 The steps to add a row above or below the current row are: 1. Click in the cell (e.g. cell 1 containing ‘Mono Act’). 2. Click on the Layout tab. 57

3. In Rows & Column group, click on the Insert Above to insert a new row above the current row. Or, click on the Insert Below to insert a new row below the current row. Using the ‘Insert Above’ option Using the ‘Insert Below’ option Adding columns The steps to add a column to left or right of the current column are: 1. Click in the cell (e.g. cell containing ‘Mono Act’). 2. Click on the Layout tab. 3. In Rows & Column group, 2 click on the Insert Left to insert 3 new column on the left of the current column. 1 Or, click on the Insert Right to insert new column on the right of the current column. Using the ‘Insert Left’ option Using the ‘Insert Right’ option Note New rows and columns can also be added by context-menu (by right- clicking) on the cell. 58

Do it Yourself Open MS Word and open the document yourname_Timetable (you created in the previous activity). Edit the table as per the guidelines given below: 1. Click in any cell in the second column and add a column to the left. 2. In first cell of new column, type ‘0 Period’. 3. Click in any cell in the last column and add a column to the right. 4. In first cell of new column, type ‘Extra Class’. 5. Click in any cell in the first row and add a row above it. 6. Save the changes. See the figure for reference. Deleting Rows and Columns After creating a table, unwanted rows and columns can be deleted. The steps to delete a row or column are: 1. Click in any cell (of the row or 3 2 column that you want to 4 delete). 1 2. Click on the Layout tab. Note 3. In Rows & Columns group, click on Delete button. A drop- Click on Delete Table down list appears. option to delete the entire table. 4. Click on the Delete Columns option to delete the entire column, or, click on the Delete Rows option to delete the entire row. After using ‘Delete Columns’ option After using ‘Delete Rows’ option 59

Merging Cells Merging cells means combining two or more cells into one cell. The steps to merge the cells are: 1. Select the cells that you want to merge. 2. Click on the Layout tab. 3. In the Merge group, click on the Merge Cells button. 2 In the merged cell, heading of the table is given. 3 1 Splitting Cells Dividing a single cell into multiple cells is called cell splitting. The steps to split a cell into two or more cells are: 1. Click in the cell that you want to split. 2. Click on the Layout tab. 3. In the Merge group, click on the Split Cells button. The Split Cells dialog box appears. 24 3 5 1 4. Enter the number of columns and rows into which you want to split the selected cell. 5. Click on OK button. 60

Cell Alignment Align Top Center Cell alignment is basically the text alignment in Align Align a cell of a table. As you know, that alignment Top Left Top Right refers to setting the direction of the text. In a table, there are nine options of cell alignment. Align Align Center Align Center Left Center Right The steps to apply cell alignment on the table cells are: Align Align Bottom Left Bottom Right 1. Select the cell(s) on which you want to change the cell alignment. Align Bottom Center 23 Note By default, cell alignment is Top Left in table cell. 1 2. Click on the Layout tab. 3. In the Alignment group, click on the required alignment. Using different alignment options on the cells in the table Table Designs MS Word provides a set of predefined table designs that includes borders, colours, cell alignments, etc. The steps to apply a design on a table are: 1. Click on a cell in the table. 2 3 2. Click on the Design tab. 1 3. Click on the drop-down arrow of Table Styles. A list of table design appears. 4. Hover the mouse on the designs to select the design. 5. Click on the desired design. 4 61

Some figures are given below to see the effect of different table designs. Do it Yourself Open MS Word and open the document yourname_Timetable (you created in the previous activity). Edit the table as per the guidelines given below: 1. Select all the cells of the first row and merge them. 2. Type ‘Time-table’ in the (merged) cell (of the first row). Set ‘Align Center’ cell alignment in the first row. 3. In the 7th column, select the second cell to last cell and merge them. 4. Type ‘Lunch Time’ in the (merged) cell (of 7th column). 5. Click in any cell in the table and apply a table design. 6. Save the changes. See the figure for reference. Quick Review  Tables are used to present given data in the form of rows and columns.  Once a table is created, additional rows and columns can be added.  After creating a table, unwanted rows and columns can be deleted.  Merging cells means combining two or more cells into one cell.  Dividing a single cell into multiple cells is called cell splitting.  Cell alignment is basically the text alignment in a cell of a table.  MS Word provides a set of predefined table designs that includes borders, colours, cell alignments, etc. 62

A. Choose the correct answer. 1. A cell is the intersection of __________ and __________. a) Height, width b) Row, column c) Column, page d) None of these 2. A table can be drawn using ___________ method. a) Grid option b) Insert Table dialog box c) Draw Table d) All of these 3. Shortcut key for moving to the first row in a table is ______________ . a) Alt + Page Up b) Alt + Page Down c) Home d) None of these B. Fill in the blanks. Action (to perform in a table) Shortcut Key 1. Move to last row — __________________________________ 2. Move to next cell — __________________________________ 3. Move to previous cell — __________________________________ 4. Move to one row up — __________________________________ 5. Move current row down — __________________________________ 6. Move the cursor to the first column— ___________________________________ C. Match the following. Column-I Column-II 1. Move to last column a. Select content of current cell 2. Delete selected column b. Alt + End 3. End, then Shift + Home c. Shift + Delete 4. Select current cell d. Move current row up 5. Move to one row down e. Shift + End 6. Alt + Shift + Up Arrow f. Down Arrow 63

D. Tick () the correct statement and cross () out the wrong one. 1. You can add rows & columns in a table. 2. Using Grid option, we can insert a table of maximum 10 columns & 8 rows. 3. Table tools contain some predefined sets of table designs & layouts. 4. On the text in the table, you can apply text formatting. 5. After creating a table unwanted rows & columns cannot be deleted. E. Answer the following questions. 1. What is a table? How will you insert a table in MS Word? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Define the following: I. Rows: _________________________________________________ ii. Columns: _________________________________________________ iii. Cell: _________________________________________________ 3. Write the shortcut keys to delete a row and a column in a table. ________________________________________________________________ F. Write the steps for the following. 1. To merge the cells: ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. To split a cell in two or more cells: ___________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ G. Write a shortcut key for the following: 1. To move to one row down: ________________________________ 2. To select an entire table: ________________________________ 3. To select a row: ________________________________ 4. To select a column: _________________________________ 64

Create a table containing the details of your friends. 1. Table should have columns like: Name, Address, E-mail and Mobile_no. 2. Apply a design to the table. 3. Save the file with file name ‘yourname_friends’ in D: drive. 4. On the table created above, perform the following modifications: a. Insert a column City after the column Address and enter data for this column. b. Insert a column SNo before the column Name and fill it with Serial Numbers. c. Assume that the first person in the table has two addresses in different cities so insert a blank row below the row of the first person and fill in his Address and City. d. Merge the cell containing Serial number 1 with the blank cell below it. For the same person, merge Name with the blank cell below it, E-mail with the blank cell below it and Mobile Number with the blank cell below it. After doing steps c) and d), the sample data should look like this: Teacher's Signature : __________________ Teacher's Remark : WEB http://www.howtogeek.com/school/microsoft-word-document-formatting- essentials/lesson3/all/ LINKS http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-create-tables-in-word- 2013.html Teacher’s Corner Dear teacher, more assignments can be given on tables. For example, create a table and merge the cells of the first row, split the last column into two, delete fourth row and the data in the cells should be ‘Center Aligned’. 65

6 MS Excel 2013: Introduction Dear Teacher, Dear Students, What is Excel? What In this chapter we is its use? We want to shall explore about learn about it. Excel, its features and basic operations in it. Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program. It is used for storing data in the form of rows and columns. It uses the concept of displaying data in the form of tables. Excel is used to apply formulas and functions to perform calculations on the data (number and text) and present the data in a variety of professional looking charts. Some of the main advantages of using Excel are: 1. Calculation: Numbers and calculations are managed efficiently. Formula once written, can be easily copied to the rest of the worksheet. If any changes are made in the values, the re-calculation is automatically performed. 2. Data Management: Data is a collection of values. Data can easily be created, analyzed and maintained in Excel. Finding a value and sorting of the data is also easy. 3. Charts: The pictorial representation of a data Amazing Fact is called a chart. You can create a variety of charts, like pie chart, column chart, bar graph, Many types of spreadsheet programs etc. You can also make use of 3D effects. are available. Some of the popular spreadsheet are Lotus, Calc, Apple Numbers, Gnumeric, etc. Starting MS Excel Now, you have an understanding of where the Microsoft Office 2013 is located on your computer. The steps to start MS Excel are: 1. Click on Start button. 66

2. Click on All Programs. Note 3. Click on Microsoft Office 2013. 4. Click on Excel 2013. Click on Start button. Type ‘excel’ in the text box and press Enter key. 3 4 2 5 1 You can also press Windows + R to open Run box, type excel in it and press Enter key. New workbook (file) selection window appears. It displays the list of different type of new workbooks in the thumbnail view. 5. Click on Blank workbook (thumbnail) option. The Microsoft Excel window Quick Access Toolbar Title Bar Ribbon appears with a blank workbook. A temporary Cell Name Box Formula Bar Columns name, Book1, is assigned to the workbook. Look at the Active Cell Vertical components of MS Excel Rows Scrollbar 2013 window. Sheet Add New Status Bar Horizontal Zoom Slider SHORTCUT Tab Sheet Icon Scrollbar To open a new blank workbook: Ctrl + N. 67

Components of MS Excel Window Microsoft Excel consists of the following components: Quick Access Toolbar: It contains commands that are frequently used like Save, Undo, Redo, Print, etc. Title Bar: It displays the name of the workbook and three control buttons - minimize, maximize and close. Ribbon: It contains two parts: eight tabs - File, Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review and View. Each tab contains commands in different groups. Cell Name Box: It displays the name of the active cell or cell reference. The column letter and row number corresponding to the active cell is displayed in the cell name box. Active Cell: The selected cell is called the active cell or current cell. It is displayed with bold border that differentiates it from the rest of the cells. The highlighted box is called Cell Pointer. To select a cell, you have to just click on it (Tab or Arrow keys on the keyboard can also be used to select the cells on the worksheet). To enter the data in a cell you first need to select it. Formula Bar: It displays the data and formulas that you entered in an active cell. It can also be used for entering or editing data, labels and formulas. Rows: These are horizontal lines of cells, labeled as numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on. Columns: These are vertical lines of cells, labeled using letters A, B, C, D and so on. Sheet Tab: It indicates the name of the worksheet and you can switch between the different sheets by clicking on it. Status Bar: It displays information about current selection (that includes total number (count) of cells (in the selection) that contains the data, average of the numeric values in the cells and sum of the numeric data in the cells), view buttons, zoom slider, etc. Some Important Terms Workbook: Each Excel file is known as a workbook. It can hold many worksheets. The default workbook is Book1. Worksheet: A worksheet is a collection of cells in the form of rows and columns. In MS Excel 2013, by default, there is one worksheet in a workbook. These are represented in the form of tabs above the status bar. Columns: Columns are arranged vertically. These are represented as letters from A to Z and then AA to AZ and so on. There is a total of 16384 columns. 68

Rows: Rows are arranged horizontally. These are numbered from 1 to 1048576. The last row is 1048576. Cell: A cell is the intersection of a row and a column. Each cell can store a single item of data which can be text, number or a formula. Each cell has a unique address. Cell Reference: Cell reference is the column letter and the row number that identifies a single cell. For example, A1 is the cell reference of the selected cell in the worksheet. A cell reference can be thought of as a cell name. The address of the first cell in a worksheet is A1 and the last cell address is XFD1048576. Cell Range: Cell range is a group of contiguous cells (cells adjacent to each other). A cell range name consists of the cell address of the first cell, a colon and the last cell address. For example, B2:C4. Selecting a cell The smallest range is a single cell and the largest range is an entire worksheet. Selecting/ Deselecting Cell (range) To select a cell Position mouse pointer on the cell that you want to select and click on it. SHORTCUT To select a cell: Press any required arrow key (up, down, left or right). To select an entire column Click on the column heading of the column that you want to select. SHORTCUT To select an entire column: Ctrl + Spacebar To select an entire row Click on the row heading of the column that you want to select. SHORTCUT Selecting a row To select an entire row: Shift + Spacebar 69

To select a range of cells (For example, you are going to select the cells from B2 to C4.) 1. Click on the cell B2. 2. Click and drag the mouse to the cell C4. 3. Release the left mouse-button. Amazing Fact Selecting a range of cells To select a range of cells using keyboard: 1. Select the first cell of the range. 2. Press Shift key and move to the last cell of the range using the arrow keys. To select all the cells in a worksheet  Click at cross section of the row on column heading. SHORTCUT To select all the cells in a worksheet: Ctrl + A Selecting all the cells in the worksheets To select ranges of cells not next to each other  Select the first range of cells, press and hold Ctrl key and select the next range of cells. Note Selecting the cell ranges randomly To de-select cells, click anywhere in the worksheet. Amazing Fact Some important Excel specifications and limits: Feature Maximum Limit 1. Opens workbooks — Depends on available memory and system resources 2. Total number of worksheets — Depends on available memory and in a workbook system resources (default is 1 sheet) 70

3. Total number of rows — 1,048,576 in worksheet — 16,384 (XFD) — 32,767 characters 4. Total number of columns in worksheet 5. Total number of characters that a cell can contain SHORTCUT Command To navigate between the cells in a worksheet: → Function ← 1. Moves one column right 2. Moves one column left ↑ 3. Moves one column up 4. Moves one column down ↓ 5. Moves to the last cell of the current row Ctrl + → 6. Moves to the first cell of the current row Ctrl + ← 7. Moves to the last cell of the current column Ctrl + ↓ 8. Moves to the first cell of the current column Ctrl + ↑ 9. Moves to the last cell of the current worksheet Ctrl + ↓ + → 10. Moves to the first cell of first row in the worksheet Or 11. Moves to the last used cell on a worksheet Ctrl +→ + ↓ Ctrl + Home Ctrl + End Entering Data Amazing Fact Let's start entering data in a worksheet. By default, numbers are right The steps to enter the data in a worksheet are: aligned while text is left 1. Click on D1 cell and type ‘World Ranking’. aligned in a cell. 2. Click on A2 cell and type ‘Team’. Press right arrow key and type ‘Cricket’ in B2 cell. Likewise type ‘Football’ in C2 cell and ‘Tennis’ in D2 cell. 3. Click on A3 cell and type ‘India’ and press Enter key. The cell pointer shifts to cell A4. 4. Type ‘Bhutan’ in cell A4. Similarly, enter the remaining data. 71

Editing Cell Content Data The data entered in the cells in a worksheet can be edited later. The steps to edit the data in a cell are:  Double- click in a cell to edit the data in it. Or, Click in the cell and press F2 (function key). Now, edit the data. Or, Select the cell and edit the data in the formula bar. Note  To delete the data in a cell, press the Backspace key or Delete key.  To replace a part of existing data, select the part of the existing data, (numbers/letters) type the new content.  To insert new content in the existing data, click and position the insertion point and type the new content. Do it Yourself Open MS Excel and do the following: 1. You generally visit the market with your parents to purchase the household goods. 2. Now, make a list of any ten household goods with their price (per unit). 3. Click on C1 cell and type ‘Price List of Household Goods’. 4. Save the workbook with name ‘Household Goods’. See the figure for reference: Saving a Workbook 1 After completing the work in the worksheet, let's save the file. The steps to save the workbook are: 1. Click on File tab. 2. Click on Save As option. The Save As pane appears on the right of the window. 3. To save the file in local (memory) drive, click on Computer (if not selected) and then on Browse button. The Save As dialog box appears. 72

4. Enter the file name in 23 5 File name text box. 4 6 5. Select the location to 1 save the file. 6. Click on Save button. The workbook/file is saved. SHORTCUT To save a workbook: Ctrl + S Closing a Workbook You have completed the work and saved the workbook. Now, close the workbook (not the Excel window). The steps to close a workbook are: 1. Click on File tab. 2. Click on Close. Opening a Workbook 2 You know that once you have saved a file, SHORTCUT you can open it later. To open a workbook: Ctrl + O The steps to open an existing workbook are: 5 1. Click on File tab. The backstage 6 view appears. 7 2. Click on Open option. 3 2 Or 3 4 73

3. The Open pane appears on the right of the window. If the required file is listed in Recent Workbooks section, click on it. Or, click on Computer. 4. Click on Browse button. The Open dialog box appears. 5. Select the location where the required file is saved. 6. Select the file. 7. Click on Open button. Adding a New Worksheet As you know, by default, only one worksheet is provided by MS Excel 2013, when you open a new blank workbook. The steps to add more worksheets in the workbook are: Click on New Sheet icon, located next to Sheet1 tab. Or, 1. Right-click on the Sheet tab. 2. Select Insert option in the context-menu. The Insert dialog box appears. 3. In General tab, select Worksheet icon. 4. Click on OK button. 2 SHORTCUT 3 To insert a new 1 worksheet: 4 Shift + F11 Renaming a Worksheet 2 The steps to rename a worksheet in the workbook are: 1 1. Double-click on the sheet tab, that you want to rename. Or, Right-click on sheet tab and select Rename option in the context-menu. It will be highlighted. 2. Type a new name and press Enter key. 74

Deleting Worksheet 1 OR 2 2 Right- click on 1 To delete a worksheet: sheet Home tab  Delete tab  Select button drop-down  Delete option. Delete Sheet option. Quick Review  Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program.  Each Excel file is known as a workbook.  A worksheet is a collection of cells in the form of rows and columns.  A cell is the intersection of a row and a column.  Cell reference is the column letter and the row number that identifies a single cell.  Cell range is a group of contiguous cells (cells adjacent to each other).  Three types of data can be entered in MS Excel:Text (Labels), Numbers (Values) and Formulas. A. Choose the correct answer. 1. MS Excel is a _______________ program. a) Spreadsheet b) Word Processor c) Painting d) None of these 2. _______________ are labeled using letters such as A, B, C, D in MS Excel. a) Rows b) Cells c) Columns d) None of these 3. _______________ is a group of contiguous cells. a) Cell name b) Cell range c) Cell Reference d) None of these 75

4. _______ are the types of data that can be entered in MS Excel. a) Label b) Values c) Formulas d) All of these 5. Shortcut key to insert a new worksheet is ________________. a) Shift+Ctrl+F11 b) Ctrl+F11 c) Ctrl+F11+Shift d) Shift+F11 B. Fill in the blanks. Shift+Spacebar, Active cell, Ctrl+Spacebar, 1048576, Formula bar 1. Total number of rows in a worksheet are _________________________. 2. An ______________________ is also called the current cell. 3. ___________________ displays the data and formula that we enter in an active cell. 4. _______________ is a shortcut key to select an entire row. 5. _______________ is a shortcut key to select an entire column. C. Tick () the correct statement and cross () out the wrong one. 1. In a worksheet, rows are arranged horizontally. 2. In Excel, formulas are instructions to perform calculations. 3. If a cell displays “1.23E+11”, it means the value is too long to fit in the cell. 4. By default, text is left aligned in a cell. 5. Formula Bar displays the data and formula of an active cell. D. Answer the following questions. 1. List any two advantages of MS Excel. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. How can we open Excel using Run window? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Name all the components of MS Excel window. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 76

4. Define the following : a) Workbook : _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ b) Worksheet: _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ c) Cell reference : _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ E. Match the following: Column-II a) → Column-I b) 16384 1. Moves to the first cell of the current column c) Ctrl + \" d) 32767 characters 2. Total number of characters e) Ctrl + ↑ a cell can contain 3. Total number of columns 4. To move to last cell of current row 5. Moves to the one column right Open MS Excel and create a workbook according to the instructions given below: 1. Use cells from A1 to J7 and create a time-table of your class. 2. Save the file with file name ‘yourname_excel’ in D: drive. Teacher's Signature : __________________ Teacher's Remark : WEB https://www.webucator.com/tutorial/learn-microsoft-excel/creating- microsoft-excel-workbook.cfm LINKS https://www.udemy.com/introduction-to-microsoft-excel-2013/ Teacher’s Corner Dear teacher, help and instruct the students to use the navigation shortcuts and data editing in the cells in a worksheet. 77

7 MS Excel: Working with Worksheet Dear Teacher, Dear Students, How can we edit the There are several features worksheet in Excel in of editing a worksheet various ways? We want available in Excel. Let's to learn about it. learn about them. You know that Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program. It is used for storing data in the form of rows and columns and perform mathematical calculations. Let’s learn about some important cell editing commands. Copying and Moving cell contents You know that copying refers to duplicating the data (text, numbers and formulae in the context of MS Excel), while ‘moving' refers to move the data from its current location to another location. Copying/ Moving the data 2 Steps to copy the data are: 1. Select the cell(s), that you want to copy. 1 For example, A4: D5. 2. On Home tab, in Clipboard group, click on Copy (to copy) or Cut (to move) option. The moving dashed line appears around the selected cells. 3. Move the pointer to the cell, where you want to paste the data. For example, A11. 78

4. On Home tab, in Clipboard group, click on 4 Paste button. 3 Note  Press Esc key to remove the moving dashed lines on the selected cells.  Click anywhere in the sheet to remove the selection of the pasted cells. Note  You can also right-click on selected cells and Copy the data. Then right-click on target cell and Paste it. Copying the data in adjoining cells using mouse 1. Select the cell(s) that you want to copy. 2. Place the cursor on the bottom-right corner of the selection. The cursor changes to a solid plus sign ‘+’. 3. Click and drag the mouse over the cells where you want to copy the data. 4. Release the mouse button. + 5. The data is copied into other cells. SHORTCUT • To copy the data: Ctrl + C • To paste the data: Ctrl + V • To copy content/format of leftmost cell in a range to the cells in the right:Ctrl + R Do it Yourself Open the workbook ‘Household Goods’ in MS Excel and do the following: 1. Copy the data from cell range C3 to C11 and paste it to D3 to D11. 2. Save the changes. 79

Moving the data using mouse Steps to move the data using mouse pointer are: 1. Select the cell(s) that you want to move. 2. Place the cursor on the edge of the selection (selected cells). The cursor changes to a move pointer symbol ‘  ’. 3. Click and drag the mouse pointer to the new location. 4. Release the mouse button. 5. The data is moved to the new location. SHORTCUT To cut the data: Ctrl + X. Do it Yourself Open the workbook ‘Household Goods’ in MS Excel and do the following as per the guidelines given below: 1. Delete the data of cells D3 to D11. 2. Move the data from A9 : C11 to A10 : C12. 3. Save the changes. Using AutoFill Feature Sometimes you need to enter a series of data (numbers, days, dates, etc.) then instead of typing every entry manually, AutoFill option can be used. AutoFill feature is used to fill a predefined series of data in adjacent cells quickly. Some of the frequently used popular series are:  Number series  Weekdays and dates series  Months series The steps to create a number series using AutoFill feature are: 1. Type first two values (numbers) from which you want to start the list. For example, type ‘1’ and ‘2’ in A3 and A4 cells. 2. Select both the cells and position the mouse pointer at the lower right corner of the selection. The mouse pointer changes to ‘+’ sign (AutoFill Handle). 80

3. Click and drag the AutoFill 1 handle to the cell, till where you want to fill the list. For + example, fill up to cell A8. 2 4. Release the mouse button. The required series of data gets displayed. Note 3 When you release the mouse Amazing Fact button after dragging, an AutoFill icon is displayed. AutoFill option can be used to fill data within a series of Click on AutoFill icon, a submenu rows or columns. is displayed where you can select what you want to fill. Amazing Fact In case of numbers, type two consecutive values to fill the series. In case of dates, days or months, series can be entered using a value in one cell only. Note Some of the days, dates and months AutoFill data series are given below: Do it Yourself In the workbook ‘Household Goods’ do the following: 1. Create a weekdays series from Sunday, in the cells starting from D3 using AutoFill feature. 2. Create a numeric series from 101 to 107, in the cells starting from E3 to E9 using AutoFill feature. 3. Save the changes. 81

Creating Custom Lists 1 You can add a list with AutoFill feature which is frequently used by you. Instead of typing the list each time, you can add the list using Edit Custom Lists option and use it with AutoFill feature. Steps to add a list with AutoFill feature are: 1. Click on File tab → Options. The Excel Options dialog box appears. 2. Click on Advanced option in the left pane, the related options are displayed in the right pane. 3. In the right pane, scroll down the page to General section and click on Edit Custom Lists button. The Custom Lists dialog box appears. 4. In the List entries box, type the new list. 5. Click on Add button. The entered list appears in the 2 Custom lists box. 6. Click on OK button. 45 3 6 Adding a list in AutoFill feature Do it Yourself Open MS Excel and do the following as per the guidelines given below: 1. Add a list using Edit Custom list in MS Excel. Content of the list is following: Cricket, Hockey, Tennis, Football, Kabaddi, Swimming, Volleyball and Badminton. 2. Now, insert this list in the worksheet. 3. Save the workbook as ‘my_customlist'. 82

Undo and Redo Commands Undo command reverses the last action while Redo command reverses the Undo command. These are used in same manner as you do in MS Word. Undo and redo buttons are located on the Quick Access Toolbar. Undo Redo SHORTCUT To Undo : Ctrl + Z To Redo : Ctrl + Y Inserting Cell/Row/Column Blank cell/ row/column can be inserted in a worksheet. Steps to insert a blank cell/ row/column are: 1. Select the cell to the left/above of which you want to insert a new cell. Or, select the row/column above/left of which you want to insert a new row/column. (Click on row/column header to select it). For example, click on cell F3. 2. On Home tab, in Cells group, click on Insert button. A drop-down menu appears. 3i 2 3ii 1 • Click on Insert Cells option to insert a new cell. • Click on Insert Sheet Columns option to insert a new column. • Click on Insert Sheet Rows option to insert a new row. 3(i) Clicking on Insert Cells option will display the Insert dialog box with the following options: • Shift cells right shifts existing cells to the right to make a room for the blank cell that you want to insert. 83

• Shift cells down instructs Excel to shift After inserting a cell, left to the existing cells down. This is the default selected cell option. SHORTCUT • Entire row inserts complete row in the To insert a cell/row/column, cell range above the selected cells (row). 1. Select the row/column • Entire column inserts complete column header and press Ctrl + in the cell range to the left of the selected plus(+) to insert a cells (column). row/column. 2. Select the cell, 3(ii) Select the required option and click on OK above/left to which you button. want to add a cell, and press Ctrl + plus(+). After inserting a row on the top of the selected cell The Insert dialog box appears. Select the required option. After inserting a column left to the selected cell Note You can also insert a cell/row/column using right-click. 1. Right- click on the cell, a drop-down menu appears. 2. Click on Insert option. The Insert dialog box appears. 3. Select the required option. 84

Do it Yourself Open the workbook ‘Household Goods’ in MS Excel and do the following as per the guidelines given below: 1. Select the row 9 or cell A9 and add a row above it. 2. Enter the relevant data in new row, in the cells A9 and B9. 3. Save the changes. See the figure for reference. Deleting Cell/Row/Column Steps to delete a cell/ row/column are: 1. Select the cell/row/column that you want to delete. (Click on row/column header to select it). For example, click on cell C8. 2. On Home tab, in Cells group, click on Delete button. A drop-down menu appears. 3i 2 1 3ii • Click on Delete Cells option to delete the cell. • Click on Delete Sheet Columns option to delete the column. • Click on Delete Sheet Rows option to delete the row. 3(I) Clicking on Delete Cells option will display Delete dialog box with the following options: • Shift cells left overwrites the content by shifting the data from the left cell to the selected cell. • Shift cells up overwrites the content by shifting the data from the cell below to the selected cell. 85

• Entire row overwrites the content by shifting the data from the cell below. It appears that the entire row is deleted. • Entire column overwrites the content by shifting the data from the column on the right side of the selected cell. It appears that the entire column is deleted. 3(ii) Select the required option and click on OK button. The cell C8 before deleting After deleting the cell C8 After deleting the row no. ‘8’ After deleting the column no. ‘C’ SHORTCUT To delete a cell/row/column, 1. Select the row/column header and press Ctrl + minus(-) to delete a row/column. 2. Select the cell, that you want to delete and press Ctrl + minus(-). The Delete dialog box appears. Select the required option. 86

Note You can also delete a cell/row/column using right-click. 1. Right- click on the cell, a drop-down menu appears. 2. Click on Delete option. The Delete dialog box appears. 3. Select the required option. Do it Yourself Open the workbook ‘Household Goods’ in MS Excel and do the following as per the guidelines given below : 1. Select the row 11 or cell A11 and delete this row. 2. Save the changes. See the figure for reference. Amazing Fact You can insert or delete multiple rows and columns at a time. Select the number of rows/columns and use the command to insert row/column. This action will insert the same number of rows/columns that you selected before the insertion. Changing the Column Width Width of a column can be adjusted before or after entering the data. Method 1 (using mouse): This method is used to adjust the width of a single column at a time. Steps to adjust the column width are: 1. Put mouse cursor on the right border of the column (header), the cursor changes to   . 87

2. Now, click and drag the border of column Note header to increase or decrease the column width. There is another way to adjust the column width using the mouse. 3. After getting the desired width release the mouse button. 1. Put mouse cursor on the right border of the column (header), Amazing Fact the cursor changes into   . The default column width is 8.43 characters. 2. Double- click on it. If a column has a width of 0 (zero), the This action will automatically adjust column is hidden. the column width according to the data in a cell (in the column) having You can specify a column width from 0 the maximum characters. (zero) to 255. Method 2 (using command on the Ribbon): This method is used to adjust the width of a single/multiple columns at a time. Steps to adjust the column width are: 2 1. Select the columns (using column 1 header). 2. On Home tab, in Cells group, click on Format button. A drop-down menu appears. 3. Click on AutoFit Column Width option ~ 3 to automatically adjust the column width. Or, to manually adjust the column width, click on Column Width option. 4. The Column Width dialog box appears. 5. Type the required width and click on OK button. 4 See the changes in the width of the selected columns. 5 Changing the Row Height Like column width, you can also change the row height before or after entering the data. Method 1 (using mouse): This method is used to adjust the height of a single row at a time. 88

The steps to adjust the row height are: 1. Put mouse cursor on the border of the row (header), the cursor changes to   . 2. Now, click and drag the border of row header to increase or decrease the row height. 3. After getting the desired height release the mouse button. Amazing Fact  By default, the row height is 15 points.  If a row has a height of 0 (zero), the row is hidden.  You can specify a row height from 0 (zero) to 409. Method 2 (using command on the Ribbon): This method is used to adjust the height of a single/multiple rows at a time. The steps to adjust the row height are: 1. Select the rows (using rows header). 2 3 2. On Home tab, in Cells group, click on 1 Format button. A drop-down menu appears. ~ 3. Click on AutoFit Row Height option to 4 automatically adjust the row height. 5 Or, to manually adjust the row height, click on Row Height option. 4. The Row Height dialog box appears. 5. Type the required height and click on OK button. See the changes in the height of the selected rows. Quick Review  Copying refers to duplicating the data (text, numbers and formulae in the context of MS Excel).  Moving refers to move the data from its current location to another.  AutoFill feature is used to fill (a predefined series of) data in adjacent cells quickly.  More lists can be added with AutoFill feature which are frequently used in the worksheet.  Undo command reverses the last action while Redo command reverses the Undo command. 89

A. Choose the correct answer. 1. ____________ indicates a cell range from A4 cell to D5 cell. a) A4:D5 b) A4 to D5 c) FROM A4 to D5 d) None of these 2. Width of a column can be adjusted by _________________. a) Double-click on right border of column header b) Using AutoFit Column Width c) Click and drag column border d) All of these 3. Ctrl + minus (-) is shortcut key to delete a ____________ in Excel. a) Row b) Column c) Both a) and b) d) None of these 4. The default column width is ____________ characters. a) 8.43 b) 84.3 c) 4.83 d) 3.84 5. We can specify a row height from 0 to __________. a) 408 b) 409 c) 410 d) 411 B. Fill in the blanks. 255, Row, Column, 12.75, Shift cells down, Entire row 1. _____________ option is the default option in Insert dialog box in a worksheet. 2. __________ option in Delete dialog box deletes the entire row in a worksheet. 3. Ctrl + plus (+) is shortcut key to insert a ________ and __________ in Excel. 4. The default height of the row in a worksheet is______________________. 5. We can specify the width of column from 0 to _____________________. 90

C. Tick () the correct statement and cross () out the wrong one. 1. Clicking anywhere in the worksheet removes the selection. 2. Using AutoFill tool, a series of data can be entered automatically. 3. AutoFill feature is used to fill data in adjacent cells quickly. 4. You cannot insert a blank cell in a worksheet. 5. Ctrl+D shortcut key is used to copy contents and format of the topmost cell of a selected range into the cells below. 6. Pressing the Alt key removes the moving dashed lines from selected cells. D. Answer the following questions. 1. What do you mean by AutoFill feature? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the options available in the Insert dialog box. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Distinguish between undo and redo command. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Write the shortcut keys to insert a row and a column. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Give difference between copying and moving the data in Excel. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 91

E. Match the following. Column-II Column-I a) Redo b) Inserting a Row 1. Ctrl + C c) Paste 2. Ctrl + Y d) Copy 3. Ctrl + R e) Copying contents & format of the 4. Select row & press Ctrl + plus(+) 5. Ctrl + V leftmost cell of a select range into cells to the right. Create a table as shown here. Instructions: 1. Using Auto Fill tool, enter numbers from 1 to 5 (from cell A2 to A6,). 2. Add a new column after column ‘B’. 3. In cell C1, type ‘Class’. 4. Type ‘X’ in cell C2 and copy this value to the cells C3 to C6, using mouse. 5. Change the column width - column A to D, using AutoFit Column Width option. 6. Save the file with file name ‘yourname_lab’ in D: drive. After editing the table will look like as shown in figure 2. Teacher's Signature : __________________ Teacher's Remark : WEB http://www.gcflearnfree.org/excel2013/7.2 http://www.techonthenet.com/excel/cells/protect2013.php LINKS Teacher’s Corner Dear teacher, please give some assignments to the students based on insert/delete the cells/rows/columns and copy/move the data in the worksheet and between the workbooks. 92

8 Internet Searching and Surfing Dear Teacher, Yes Students, We are curious to In this chapter, we will know about Internet. learn about different Everyone seems to be services provided on using it. Internet, tips for searching and some other important things about Internet. You know that Internet is a collection of computers connected to each other all over the world. It provides different facilities to us. In this chapter, you will learn about the services provided on the Internet and tips for searching and surfing on the Internet. Various Internet Services 1. News and Information: Internet provides you the facility to read online news and get information regarding various topics such as science, technology, sports, education, etc. 2. Online Shopping: You can purchase various products like books, clothes, gift items, etc. through the Internet. It is very popular now-a-days. 3. Mails and Chatting: You can send and receive messages using Internet. Various things such as pictures, videos, songs, e-cards can be sent along with email messages. You can chat with your friends all over the world through Internet. 93

4. Video Conferencing: Through video conferencing, you can communicate with each other visually. Note For video conferencing, you also need a device, called Web Camera. 5. Health and Fitness: You can find health and fitness related information on the Internet. You can also find information about different diseases and their remedies. You can also find immense information on fitness. 6. Tourism and Travel: Internet provides facility for online booking of hotels, railway tickets, air tickets, etc. all over the world and round the clock. 7. Online Education: Internet provides the facility to get online education. It is a very cheap and easy way to get education. Many universities provide online lectures and tutorials on different subjects or topics. You can also download these lectures or tutorials into your own computer. You can listen these lectures repeatedly as per your convenience. Online education is also known as distance learning and consists of taking classes through the Internet. Know Your Browser A browser is an application software which is used to open websites. For example, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome, etc. Internet Explorer is one of the commonly used browsers developed by Microsoft 94

Corporation. The ongoing version of Internet Explorer is IE 11. You can check the version of Internet Explorer loaded on your computer by the following steps, 1. Open Internet Explorer by clicking the Start → All Programs → Internet Explorer. 2. Press Alt + H and then click on About Internet Explorer option. Internet Explorer window Let's learn about different parts of Internet Explorer window. 1. Back and Forward( ): Clicking these buttons takes you to the previous and next page respectively. 2. Home ( ): Clicking this button takes you to the home page of the site. 3. Favourites (Bookmarks), History ( ): It helps you to mark the pages for later reference and open browser history. 4. Refresh ( ): Clicking this button tells the browser to reload the web page. 5. Tools ( ): Displays basic commands like File, Print etc. and useful tools. 6. Search ( ): It is a very effective tool that helps you to get information on a topic by entering keywords related to the topic. 8. Address Bar: You can type address of a website or web page in this box to open it. Opening a Website in Web Browser To open a website, type website address in address bar, in a web browser window and press Enter button. Internet Surfing Surfing the Internet is undirected type of exploration of the World Wide Web, where user follows one interesting link to another without a definite objective or planned search strategy. Note Browsing is exploration of World Wide Web with a definite objective but without a planned search strategy. 95

Searching on Internet Searching is just trying to find the information you need. Searching on the Internet is objective and strategy based exploration. Tools for Searching A common search tool used to search for information through the Internet is called a Web Search Engine. A web search engine is a special website designed to search for information on the Internet. Some examples of search engines are,  www.google.com  www.yahoo.com  www.bing.com  www.ask.com  www.msk.com  www.aol.com  www.wow.com  www.webcrawler.com Points to remember while searching: Use the right keywords (for example, for information on Tennis, do not look into the Soccer section). Search results will provide related topics and information. So, do not expect to find the results in the first search itself. If the desired results are not produced in a search engine, try the same with other search engines. Note What is the difference between Internet and World Wide Web? Internet is a massive network of computer networks. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer (as long as they are connected to the Internet). While... The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol to transmit data. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. 96

Basic Search Tips Some basic search tips are given below: Basic Searching Examples Quotation marks  Requires words to be searched as a phrase, in the exact order you type them. \"\" \"working mothers\" \"affirmation action\" Common Words  Search which versus that. Usually Ignored Only versus is searched on. which and that are ignored. + or \" \"  To require common words to be searched: to search them +which versus +that \"which versus that\" Excluding –word \"acute pancreatitis\" diet –cat –dog –\"pancreatic cancer\" –\"phrase in quotes\"  OR requires at least one of the terms joined by it to appear somewhere in the document, in any order. OR allows more \"african americans\" OR blacks ear OR nose OR throat than one term Or  The more words you enter connected by OR, the more documents you get. Broadens the search. dogs cats USES: — The OR operator is generally used to join similar, equivalent, or synonymous dogs or cats concepts. \"global warming\" OR \"greenhouse effect\" allows pages with at least one of the terms  AND is the default and only needs to be typed if you are using other Boolean opertors with ( ). AND (default) infopeople training is logically the same as infopeople and training dogs cats  The more words you enter connected by AND, the fewer documents you get. All your dogs AND cats words will be searched on. USES: is the small overlap — The AND operator is generally used to join different kinds of concepts, different where both terms occur aspects of the question. — \"global worming\" AND \"sea level rise\" AND california ()  Require the terms and operations that occur inside them to be searched first. This is called parentheses: \"nesting.\" \"Nesting\"  Parentheses MUST BE USED to group terms joined by OR when there is any other Boolean operator in the search. — \"global warming\" AND sea level rise\" AND (california OR \"pacific coast*\")- Requires first two terms somewhere in all documents, and either california or pacific coast.  Parentheses also MUST BE USED with NEAR: — (\"global warming\" NEAR \"sea level rise\") AND (california OR \"pacific coast*\") - Requires sea level rise to be within 16 words of global warming, the rest can be anywhere in the pages. The parentheses guarantee that the effect or near stops with sea level rise. 97

Searching Using www.google.com ‘www.google.com' is a popular search engine to search for information on the Internet. For example, to find information about Indian Hill stations do the following: 1. In web browser, type the keyword ‘Hill station of India’ in Search text box. 2. A list of topics related to Indian hill stations will 1 be displayed. 3. Click on any link, the related web page will be displayed in the same window. Or, right-click on any link and select Open in New Tab option. 4. The required page will be opened in new tab, in the same window. 3 4 2 Searching Videos The steps to search for videos on the Internet are: 1. Open the search engine in a web browser. 2. Type the name of the 2 video you are searching for in Search text box, and press Enter key. 3. Several options are 3 displayed. Click on Videos option, you will get more related video links. 98

Searching Books There are many websites available on the Internet which provide free electronic version of books which we can read online. Some of them are: 1) www.bookboon.com 2) www.readbookonline.net You can open these websites and search the books to read them. Online Dictionaries There are many websites available on the Internet which provide free electronic version of online dictionaries. Some of the popular online dictionary sites are given below: 1) www.dictionaryproject.org 2) www.hindienglishdictionary.org 3) www.dictionary.com 4) www.a-z-dictionaries.com 5) www.online-dictionary.biz 6) www.shabdkosh.com 7) www.yourdictionary.com 8) www.oxforddictionaries.com 99