Greenline16

«‘∏’°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇¥Á°Ê How much do they earn each time? GREEN LINE ‡¥Á°‡À≈à“π’È®–‡°Á∫¢¬–¥â«¬§«“¡§‘¥¢Õ߇¢“‡Õß ‰¡à‰¥â¡’„§√∫Õ° Around 200 baht each. The school nowadays let the ¡“°Õà π  «à π°“√¢“¬¢¬–°‡Á ™πà °π— ‡¢“µ°≈ß√“§“°π— ‡Õß∑ßÈ— ππÈ— ‡¢“ whole class does this. When they can sell waste, they ®–‡√¡‘Ë ‡°∫Á ¢¬–„π‡«≈“À≈ß— ‡≈°‘ ‡√¬’ π·≈«â ·≈–‰¡‡à ©æ“–∑‚’Ë √߇√¬’ π will deposit the money under their own name, such as, ‡∑“à πÈ—π ª√–‡¿∑«à“‡®Õ∑Ë’‰Àπ‡°∫Á ¡π— ∑’Ëπ—Ëπ ·≈â«π”¡“√«∫√«¡‰«â∑’Ë Prathom 4 will deposit under their name. It turns out to ‚√߇√¬’ π®“°ππÈ— ®ß÷ ¢“¬¢“¬‰¥°â πÁ ”‡ßπ‘ ¡“‡ªπì §“à „™®â “à ¬„π‚√߇√¬’ π be income for the class and a special activity as well. §à“Õ“À“√ §à“Àπ—ß ◊Õ ·¡â·µà™ÿ¥≈Ÿ°‡ ◊Õ‡¢“°Á´◊ÈÕ‡Õß®“°°“√¢“¬ ¢¬–¢Õßæ«°‡¢“ Is there any support from school? √“¬‰¥âª√–¡“≥§√—Èß≈–‡∑à“‰√ The school helps provide temporary storage of waste and are preparing for the construction of the permanent Õ¬à√Ÿ “«Ê 200 ∫“∑µàÕ§√—ßÈ ªí®®∫ÿ π— ∑“ß‚√߇√’¬π„À∑â ”°π— ∑Èß— ™—Èπ one. And when the school holds any events, such as ‡√¬’ π ¢“¬¢¬–‰¥°â πÁ ”¡“Ω“°„ππ“¡™π—È ‡√¬’ ππ—ÈπÊ ‡™πà ª.4 °Á Chinese dishes, we will inform the kids to collect waste, Ω“°„ππ“¡ ª.4 °≈“¬‡ªπì «“à ¡√’ “¬‰¥ªâ √–®”ÀÕâ ß ∂Õ◊ ‡ªπì °®‘ °√√¡ which is considered a cleaning process at the same 懑 »…¥«â ¬ time. Generally, the school holds a lot of events such as the event of the local administration, which produces a °“√™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®“°∑“ß‚√߇√’¬π lot of waste. ‚√߇√¬’ π™«à ¬„π‡√ÕË◊ ߢÕß°“√À“∑‡’Ë °∫Á ¢¬–™«—Ë §√“«„Àâ ·≈–‡µ√¬’ ¡ Are their grades at the satisfactory level? ®– √â“ß‚√߇°Á∫¢¬–∂“«√ ·≈–®–§Õ¬∫Õ°‡«≈“∑Ë’‚√߇√’¬π¡’°“√ ®¥— ß“π ‡™πà ß“π‡≈¬È’ ß‚µ–ä ®π’ „π‚√߇√¬’ π °®Á –∫Õ°„À§â Õ¬‡°∫Á ¢¬– (Ajarn Chamlong shaking his head) said they are not at ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ°“√∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥‰ª„πµ—« ‚¥¬ª°µ‘·≈â«∑“ß the satisfactory level, considered not good. It might be ‚√߇√¬’ π¡°— ®–¡°’ “√®¥— ß“πÕ¬∫Ÿà Õà ¬Ê ‡™πà ß“π¢Õß Õ∫µ. ´ßË÷ ‡«≈“ because of other economic factor of the family. No ®—¥∑’°Á®–¡’¢¬–‡ªπì ®”π«π¡“° parents are teaching them or have brought them up. So, this is the outcome. But they all are good students, º≈°“√‡√’¬π¢Õ߇¥Á°Õ¬Ÿà „π‡°≥±å¥’À√◊Õ‰¡à very pathetic. They are fighting and trying hard to learn by themselves. They should be honored instead. (Õ.®”≈Õß  “à ¬Àπ“â ) ‡√¬’ °«“à Õ¬„Ÿà π‡°≥±∑å ‰’Ë ¡§à Õà ¬®–¥’ §Õ◊ ‡√¬’ π ‰¡à‡°àß Õ“®®–‡ªìπ‡æ√“–ªí®®—¬·«¥≈âÕ¡∑“ߥâ“π‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õß Are there any supplementary occupations §√Õ∫§√«— ‰¡à¥’ ‰¡¡à æ’ àÕ·¡§à Õ¬™à«¬ —ßË  Õπ Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ º≈‡≈¬ that the school advise? ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ßπ’È ·µà∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ‡¥Á°∑’Ë¡’π‘ —¬¥’ πà“ ß “√‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« æ«°‡¢“欓¬“¡ âŸ‡æÕË◊ ‡√¬’ π¥â«¬µπ‡ÕßÕ¬“à ßπà“¬°¬Õà ß¡“°°«à“ Apart from waste collection, the school advises other activities as well, for example, when the school has a Õ“™’懠√‘¡Õ¬à“ßÕË◊π∑Ë’‚√߇√’¬π·π–π” party, weûll advise them to serve food, water and drinks. The school will organize a group of 9-10 students to πÕ°®“°°“√‡°∫Á ¢¬–·≈«â ∑“ß‚√߇√¬’ π°‰Á ¥·â π–π”„À∑â ”Õ¬“à ßÕπË◊ help around at the party. The children make money ∫â“߇À¡Õ◊ π°—𠇙à𠇫≈“∑Ë¡’ ß’ “𮥗 ‡≈¬È’ ßµ“à ßÊ °®Á –·π–π”„Àâ from this, too. After the party, they will then handle with ‰ª™à«¬‡ √‘ åø¢“â « ª≈“ Õ“À“√ π”È ‡§√ÕË◊ ߥ¡Ë◊ ‚¥¬‚√߇√’¬π®– the waste. ®—¥°≈à¡ÿ ‰ª°≈ÿ¡à ≈– 9-10 §π ‰ª™«à ¬ß“𠇥Á°®–¡√’ “¬‰¥âµ√ßπÈ’ ¥â«¬ À≈—ß®“°ß“π‡≈°‘ °®Á –‡ªπì ‡√ËÕ◊ ߢÕß°“√‡°∫Á ¢¬–µÕà ‰ª Despite considered worthless, wastes are beneficial to these kids. They can take advantages of them for ¢¬–·¡®â –‡ªπì ‡æ¬’ ß ßË‘ ∑‰Ë’ √§â “à ·µ°à ¬Á ß— ¡ª’ √–‚¬™π°å ∫— ‡¥°Á ‡À≈“à π’È their own sake, for their family, school, and community. „π°“√∑®Ë’ –π”¡“„™„â À‡â °¥‘ ª√–‚¬™πµå Õà µπ‡Õß §√Õ∫§√«— ‚√߇√¬’ π It is something that the children can take pride. And Wat ·≈–™ÿ¡™π π—∫‡ªì𧫓¡¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®¢Õ߇¥Á°Ê ·≈–‚√߇√’¬π Klang Klong Sam School is proud of having students who «—¥°≈“ߧ≈Õß “¡∑Ë’¡’≈Ÿ°»‘…¬å∑’Ë¡’§«“¡§‘¥√‘‡√‘Ë¡ √â“ß √√§å ¢¬—π are creative, hard working, and have the awareness in ¢π— ·¢ßÁ ·≈–¡’§«“¡ ”π÷°„π°“√∑Ë®’ –∑” ‘Ëߥ’Ê doing good deeds. 51

°√π’ ‡«∫Á ‚¥¬ : Mr.web ‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«©∫—∫π’Èæ“∑à“π∑àÕ߉ª „π‚≈° Õ‘π‡∑Õ√å‡πÁµ ‚¥¬π”‡∑Ë’¬«‡«Á∫‰´µå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°Ë’¬«°—∫ Green Web by : Mr.web  ‘Ë ß · « ¥ ≈â Õ ¡ ´Ë÷ ß ∑à “ π ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß ° “ √ ∑ √ “ ∫ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡°Á≈Õß·«–‡«’¬π‡¢â“‰ª∑—°∑“¬„π Website ‡«Á∫‰´µåµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë𔇠πÕ¡“„π§√—Èßπ’ȉ¥â‡≈¬ This issue of Green Line magazine will take you to cruise along the Internet world, visiting a bunch of environmental websites. Those who want to get information about the environment can browse around these websites. 1. www.environnet.in.th „À§â «“¡√‡âŸ √Õ◊Ë ß ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ¢“à « “√ °®‘ °√√¡ ‡°√¥Á §«“¡√Ÿâ ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡∑π’Ë à“ π„® ‡√ÕË◊ ߇¥πà ª√–®” ª— ¥“Àå ¢“à «·≈–‡Àµ°ÿ “√≥å ª®í ®∫ÿ π— ‡°¡ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ¥”‡ππ‘ ß“π·≈–®¥— ∑”¿“¬„µ°â “√¥·Ÿ ≈‚¥¬°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ·‘ ≈– ßË‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ It provides knowledge of environment, informative news, activities, and interesting environmental tips, talk of the week, news and current situation, environmental games. It is operated and launched by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« 52

2. www.pcd.go.th GREEN LINE ‡«Á∫‰´µå°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë —ß°—¥„π‡√Ë◊Õßµà“ßÊ ∑—Èß ¢“à « “√ °®‘ °√√¡ §«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß«‘™“°“√¥â“π Ëß‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ It is the website of the Pollution Control Department, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The information of any divisions under this department is available, including informative news, activities, and environ- mental knowledge. 3. www.raktawan.com ·π–π”º≈‘µ¿≥— ±™å ’«¿“æ‡æ◊ÕË ‡°…µ√°√‰∑¬ ∫Õ°√“§“æ™◊ º≈°“√‡°…µ√ ·≈–√«¡∫∑§«“¡πà“√¡âŸ “°¡“¬ It introduces bio-products for the Thai farmers, information of agricultural prices and the collection of many knowledgeable articles. 4. www.agrothailand.com ‡ πÕ¢à“« “√°“√‡°…µ√ ∫∑§«“¡ “√–π“à √⇟ √◊ËÕ߇°…µ√ ª¬Üÿ ‡§¡¿’ —≥±å °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™ °“√‡≈È’¬ß µ— «å It presents agricultural news, interesting information about agriculture, fertilizer, chemical products, cultivation and animal husbandry. 53

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬«5. www.environmentthailand.info ‡ªπì ·À≈ßà ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥“â π°“√√—°…“Õπ√ÿ °— …å ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ¡¢’ Õâ ¡Ÿ≈¢“à « “√∑’Ëπ“à  π„®‡°’¬Ë «°∫— ‡Àµ°ÿ “√≥å §«“¡‡§≈Õ◊Ë π‰À«∑ˇ’ °¥‘ ¢÷Èπ „π‡√Ë◊Õß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑ȗߢÕߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–√Õ∫‚≈° √«¡∑Èß— LinkWebsite Àπ«à ¬ß“π∑’ˇ°Ë’¬«¢Õâ ߥ“â π ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ It is a source of environmental conservation. Interesting information of the movement in Thailand and around the world, including the website Links to other related environmental organization are available. 6. www.eppo.go.th ‡«∫Á ‰´µ°å √–∑√«ßæ≈ß— ß“π „À¢â Õâ ¡≈Ÿ ¢“à « “√¥“â πæ≈ß— ß“π °“√¥”‡ππ‘ ß“π¿“¬„π √«¡∑ß—È °®‘ °√√¡„π°“√√≥√ߧ°å “√ª√–À¬¥— æ≈ß— ß“π¢Õß√∞— ∫“≈ This website belongs to the Ministry of Energy, providing information about energy, internal operation, including government campaign activities on energy savings. 54

7. www.stapana.net ‡«∫Á ‰´µ»å πŸ ¬√å ‰’ ´‡§≈‘ æ√– ∂“ªπ“ °√ßÿ ‡∑æ¡À“π§√ „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√¥â“π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ °“√æ—≤π“√—°…“  ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ °“√®¥— °®‘ °√√¡‡º¬·æ√√à «à ¡°∫— Àπ«à ¬ß“𠵓à ßÊ „π°“√®—¥°“√ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡‡æËÕ◊  —ߧ¡ Bangkok Phra Stapana recycle center website offers information on educational news, the environmental development conservation, the organization of events in conjunction with other agencies in terms of environmental management for the society. 8. http://biodiversity.biotec.or.th „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬»Ÿπ¬å‡°Á∫√—°…“ ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ß“π§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑“ß ™’«¿“æ ‚§√ß°“√æ™◊ Õ“À“√ ¢“à «  “√ π‡∑» Õ∑ÿ ¬“π ·Àßà ™“µ‘  µ— «ªå “É  ß«π √“¬™ÕË◊ ª√–‡∑»¿“§Õ’ π ÿ ≠— ≠“ §«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ This website provides information about Network of Microbes Preservation Center of Thailand, bio-safety, food-vegetation project, news, informative news, national parks, reserved animals, and a list of parties under the Con- vention on Biological Diversity. ‰ß§√—∫ ©∫—∫π’È𔇠πÕ 8 ‡«Á∫‰´µå∑’Ëπà“ π„® À“°∑à“π‰¥â≈Õß·«–‡«’¬π‡¢â“‰ª √—∫√Õ߉¥â√—∫ “√–∑’Ëπà“ π„® GREEN LINE À≈“¬‡√Ë◊Õ߇≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« ·≈â«æ∫°—π©∫—∫Àπⓧ√—∫ See? This issue presents 8 interesting websites. If you just browse along, I can guarantee that you will be getting loads of information. See you next issue. 55

 “√–π“à √⟠‡√¬’ ∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬ :  √√æ ‘∑∏Ï‘  ß‘ Àªå ï Green Tips Compiled by : Sapphasith Singhpee ¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈®“° : º».™≈“»—¬ À«à ߪ√–‡ √‘∞ Information from Asst. Prof. Chalasai Huangprasert À—«Àπâ“¿“§«™‘ “«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åÕπ“¡¬—  ßË‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Head of Environmental Health Science Department, §≥– “∏“√≥ ÿ¢»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈¬— ¡À¥‘ ≈ Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« ¢¬–∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ¢π÷È π∫— «π— ®–¡ª’ √¡‘ “≥¡“°¢πÈ÷ À“°‰¡ à “¡“√∂°”®¥— ‰¥Àâ ¡¥ °®Á –‡ªπì ¢¬–µ°§“â ß  àß°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ√∫°«π·≈–‡ªìπ·À≈à߇擖æ—π∏åÿ‡™È◊Õ‚√§ ¢¬–∑Ë’µ°§â“ß·≈–∂Ÿ°∑ȑ߉«âπÈ—π∫“ß à«π®– ¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∫“ß à«π°Á®–∂Ÿ°™–≈â“߉À≈´÷¡≈ß àŸ„µâ¥‘π·≈–·À≈àßπ”È µà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß Õ“®®–ªπ‡ªÕôó π “√‡§¡À’ √Õ◊ ¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬ ·≈–¬ß— ∑”„À‡â °¥‘ ¡≈æ…‘ ∑“ß ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡Õπ◊Ë §Õ◊ ·° ä Õπ— ‰¡æà ÷ߪ√– ß§å ∑»— π¬’ ¿“懠¬’ ‰ª œ≈œ ∑”„À‡â °¥‘ °“√√âÕ߇√¬’ π‡°Ë’¬«°∫— ¢¬–¡’·π«‚π¡â ‡æ¡‘Ë ¢π÷È ®“°√âÕ¬≈– 1.4 ¢Õß°“√√âÕ߇√¬’ π∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑„πªï æ.». 2543 ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 2.3 „π ªï æ.». 2546 There has been a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily. If all wastes are not disposed of, they will be left out, releasing bad disturbing odor, and becoming the breeding ground of diseases. Some of the wastes that are left behind and dumped will be naturally decomposed while some will be leached into underground and waster source, where it might be contaminated by chemical substances or toxic wastes, and produces other environmental pollution such as unpleasant gases, images, etc. A lot of complaints concerning this issue have been on the rise, up from 1.4% of all the complaints in 2000 to 2.3% in 2003. 56

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« ¡’º≈¡“°πâÕ¬·§‰à À𠇙πà °“√¥◊Ë¡πÈ”¢Õߧπ‡√“¡°’ “√ªπ‡ªôÕó π In terms of medical aspect, the physical ‰À¡ ¥â“πÕ“À“√¥â«¬®–√‰âŸ ¥«â à“¡π— ¡’ à«π‡°¬Ë’ «¢âÕß ‡™àπ ∑Õâ ß√à«ß examination, blood check, and overall ®√ß‘ Ê ·≈«â §π‡√“‡«≈“∑Õâ ß√«à ß ®–Õ“â ß«“à ¡“®“°°“√§¬ÿâ ¢¬– À√Õ◊ health examination must be done. The ‡°∫Á ¢¬–¬ß— ‰¡‰à ¥â µÕâ ß¡°’ “√»°÷ …“®“°µ«— ÕπË◊ ª®í ®¬— Õπ◊Ë Ê ¥«â ¬ ‡™πà results of these will be studied in a long °“√¡’∫“¥·º≈∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°¢Õß¡’§¡ ‡«≈“∑’Ë¢ÿ¥§ÿ⬢¬–¥â«¬«à“¡’‚√§ term in order to determine how their health µ¥‘ ‡™È◊ÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ´ß÷Ë µÕâ ߇®“–‡≈Õ◊ ¥‰ª¥‡Ÿ ™ÕÈ◊ ‰«√ — ¥«â ¬Õ°’ ∑“ßÀπË÷ß has been affected and then evaluate the correlation between health and waste- ·µà Ë‘ß·√°∑Ë’‡°‘¥·πàπÕπ°—∫ª≠í À“¢¬–∫â“π‡√“ §Õ◊  ¿“æ∑’Ë associated diseases. ‰¡πà “à ¡Õß °≈π‘Ë ‡À¡πÁ ·≈–Õ“®°Õà ‚√§¿¬— ‰¥â ´ßË÷ «π—  ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡‚≈° ªï 2548 π’‡È πâπ‡√ÕË◊ ß ç‡¡◊Õß ’‡¢’¬«é ∑Ë«— ‚≈°‡¢“‡ππâ µâÕß –Õ“¥ Environment A study of dust is a must in ∑ÿ°¥â“π„Àâπà“Õ¬àŸπà“¡Õß ªí≠À“πÈ’®–‰«µàÕπ—°∑àÕ߇∑Ë’¬« ‰«µàÕ terms of how much impact it causes, for §«“¡√⟠÷°¢Õߧπ„π™ÿ¡™π¡“° √«¡‰ª∂÷ß™“«µà“ߪ√–‡∑»¥â«¬ example, is our drinking water contaminated §«“¡ °ª√°®÷߇ªìπªí≠À“·√°µâÕ߇√àßæ‘®“√≥“ ·≈–Õ’°ªí≠À“ with any substances? The study of food also can indicate §Õ◊ Àπ°Ÿ ∫— ·¡≈ß ´÷ßË ‡ªπì æ“À–π”‚√§ ∂“â  —߇°µ„À⥒À“°æ∫ÀπŸ how much wastes are involved with the cause of diseases À√Õ◊ ·¡≈ß∑‰’Ë Àπ · ¥ß«“à ∑πË’ π—Ë ¡¢’ ¬–∑‡’Ë °∫Á ‰¡¥à ‰’ ¡∂à °Ÿ «∏‘ ’ Õ¬“à ßπÕâ ¬ such as diarrhea. Actualy, when we have diarrhea, we °Á‰¡à¡’°“√ªî¥Ω“∂—ߢ¬– ∑”„À⢬–‡πà“¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ æÕ‰¥â°≈‘Ëπ canût blame on waste picking or collecting. Other factor æ«°πÈ’°Á®–¡“‡æ“–æ—π∏ÿå ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ∂â“®–¥Ÿ∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ Ë’¬ß¢Õß of diseases should be further studied. For example, a ‚√§∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°ÀπŸÀ√◊Õ·¡≈ß °Á§ß¡’Õ¬àŸÀ≈“¬‚√§ ‡™àπ ‚√§∑âÕß person who has an open cut from a sharp weapon √à«ß ‚√§∫‘¥ ÕÀ‘«“µ°‚√§ °Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªì𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߢÕß‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥ during his/her waste picking must be checked to see if ®“°¢¬–‰¥â he/she becomes infected. A blood colection to check for virus needs to be performed as wel. „π¥“â πª≠í À“∑µ’Ë “¡¡“°§Á ߇ªπì ª≠í À“µÕà  ¢ÿ ¿“æ·≈–§«“¡ The very first problem of waste definitely is an ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õߧπ ´÷ËßÀπŸÀ√◊Õ·¡≈ßπ”¡“®“°¢¬– ‡¡Ë◊Õª≈‘«¡“ àŸ unpleasant image, bad odor, and diseases it might Õ“À“√∑‡Ë’ √“‡°∫Á ‰«·â ≈–¬ß— ‰¡‰à ¥∑â “π„πµÕπππÈ— °®Á –∫¥Ÿ ‡ ¬’ ‡√¬’ °«“à cause. The Environmental Day of year 2005 puts emphasis ‡°‘¥Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…‰¥â ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ‚√§Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…‡°‘¥®“° on the topic çGreen City.é We are focusing on cleanliness ¢¬–°Á‰¥â‡™àπ°—π ®–¡“°πâÕ¬·§à‰Àππ—Èπ¢È÷πÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥å and pleasant image all over the world. This issue is ·µà≈–·Àßà susceptible to tourists, the feeling of people in the community, including foreigners. Dirty is, therefore, the π Õ ° ® “ ° π’È  Ë‘ ß ∑Ë’ ª π Õ ¬àŸ „ π ¢ ¬ – ¡’   “ √ æ‘ … ® “ ° ‚ √ ß ß “ π priority on the list to be dealt with. Another problem is Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ À√Õ◊  “√‡§¡„’ π∫“â π∑„’Ë ™·â ≈«â π”¡“∑ßÈ‘ °‡Á °¥‘ ‚¥¬µ√ß rats and flies, which are disease carrier. As seen, wherever ®“° “√‡§¡’ ´÷ßË ‡ªπì µ—«Õ¬à“ß‚√§∑Ë’‡°¥‘ ¢È÷π‚¥¬∑‰’Ë ¡à‰¥â√—∫ª√–∑“π rats or insects are found, it means unattended wastes ‡¢â“‰ª‡™àπ°—π are around. At least, such wastes are not covered with lid, causing bad odor. Once these creatures smell them, °“√ —¡º— ‚¥¬µ√ß ¢Õߧπ‡°Á∫¢¬–À√◊Õ¢π¢¬–Õ“®®–‰ª they come to breed here. Consequently, if we consider ‚¥π‡»…¢¬–´Ë÷ß¡’§«“¡‡ Ë’¬ß Ÿß¡“°∑Ë’®–‡°‘¥∫“¥·º≈®“° the risks of diseases associated with rats and flies, a Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ°“√¢π¢¬–‡™àπ°—π ∂â“¡’‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§Õ–‰√°Á®–µ‘¥‰¥â∑—π∑’ number of waste-related diseases can be named, such as, diarrhea, dysentery, and cholera. Consequential problems are the issues of health and safety of people. Rats or flies bring diseases from the waste to the food we kept but not yet eaten, which in turn wil become toxic. As a result, food poisoning might be caused by waste. How severe the food poisoning is depends on each situation. In addition, contaminants in wastes contain toxic 58

‡πË◊Õß®“°‡°‘¥∫“¥·º≈°Áµ‘¥µàÕ∑“߇≈◊Õ¥‰¥â‚¥¬µ√ß ‡™àπ ‚√§ from the industrial plants or household chemicals that ‰«√— µ—∫Õ—°‡ ∫‡ÕÀ√◊Õ∫’  à«πª√–‡¿∑¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ®“° ∂“π are used and then dumped. They are some example of 欓∫“≈µà“ßÊ ºâŸ —¡º— °—∫¢¬–ª√–‡¿∑πÈ’®–¡’§«“¡‡ Ë’¬ß„π°“√ diseases that are present without the intake of food. µ¥‘ ‡™Õ◊È  ßŸ ∂“â °“√®¥— ‡°∫Á ‰¡∂à °Ÿ µÕâ ßµ“¡À≈°—  ¢ÿ “¿∫‘ “≈ ·µ‰à ¡µà Õâ ß °ß— «≈¡“°π°— ‡æ√“–‡™Õ◊È ‰«√ —  «à π„À≠µà “¬ß“à ¬ ‰«√ — ®–‡®√≠‘ ‡µ∫‘ ‚µ Waste pickers or collectors, who have direct expo- ‰¥„â π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬Ë◊Õ¢Õß ß‘Ë ¡™’ ’«‘µ sure with waste residues, have high risk of getting them- selves injured from the collection of waste. If any germs πÕ°®“°πÈ’¢¬–¬—ß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß are present, they can get infected immediately, as an ¡“®“°°“√‡º“¢¬–´ß÷Ë ‡ªπì ª≠í À“√–¥∫— ∑Õâ ß∂πË‘ ®π∂ß÷ √–¥∫— ‚≈°‡≈¬ open cut can contract diseases through blood, such as ∑’‡¥’¬« ∑”„ÀâÀ“¬„®‰¡à –¥«° ‡°‘¥‚√§‡°’ˬ«°—∫√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘π hepatitis A or B. For infectious wastes from public health À“¬„®‰¥â‡™àπ°π— ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ °“√‡º“¢¬–„π‡¡Õ◊ ß„À≠àÊ °Á centers, those who are exposed to such wastes contain ®–‡ªìπ¡≈æ‘…„πÕ“°“» ·°ä æ‘…µà“ßÊ ·°ä ‡√◊Õπ°√–®°∑”„Àâ high risk of infection, if unhygienic waste management ‚≈°√Õâ π ¡º’ ≈°√–∑∫µÕà ‚≈°‡√“‚¥¬µ√ß °“√®¥— ‡°∫Á ¢¬–„À∂â °Ÿ «∏‘ ’ is carried out. However, there shouldnût be so much §◊Õ °“√Ωßí °≈∫ ‰¡à„™à‡ªìπ°“√‡º“¥ß— ∑Ë’À≈“¬§π‡¢“â „® ∂â“∑”∂Ÿ° concern, because most viruses are easy to die. À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈·≈â«®–‡ªìπ°“√ªÑÕß°—πÀπŸ·≈–·¡≈߉¥â¥’‰¡à„Àâ Virus will grow in the tissue of living creatures. ‡°¥‘ °“√‡æ“–æπ— ∏ÿå Waste, additionally, causes air pollution due ®“°ª≠í À“µ“à ßÊ ‡À≈“à π’È ∂“â ¡°’ “√‡°∫Á ¢¬–Õ¬“à ß∂°Ÿ «∏‘ ’ °®Á – to waste burning, which is a problem at home ‡ªìπ°“√ªÕÑ ß°—π‰¡„à À‡â °¥‘ ¿“«–µà“ßÊ µ“¡¡“‰¥â Õ°’ ∑ßÈ— ª≠í À“π’È as well of the world. It too has the impacts on §«√®–µÕâ ß√«à ¡¡Õ◊ √«à ¡„®°π— „ „à ®µÕà ‡√ÕË◊ ߢ¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬„À¡â “°¢πÈ÷ breathing, and causes respiratory diseases. For ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπµ—Èß·µà√–¥—∫√“°À≠â“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ°Á¥’ √–¥—∫‡∑»∫“≈°Á¥’ example, waste burning in a big city causes air À√◊Õ·¡â·µà√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑»°Áµ“¡ ∂â“¡’π‚¬∫“¬‡πâπ°—πµ—Èß·µà pollution, toxic gases, greenhouse gases, which ‡®“â Àπ“â ∑„Ë’ π ∂“∫π— µ“à ßÊ ‡™πà ‚√߇√¬’ π ‚√ß欓∫“≈ «¥— «“Õ“√“¡ have direct impacts on the world. The correct Àπ— ¡“™«à ¬°π— „π‡√ÕË◊ ßπÕÈ’ ¬“à ß®√ß‘ ®ß— °®Á –∫√√‡∑“‡∫“∫“ß°∫— ª≠í À“ method of waste collection is landfill, not the π‰È’ ¥∫â “â ߉¡¡à “°°πÁ Õâ ¬ burning method as many people understand. If waste is handled sanitary, it will prevent rats µ√“∫„¥∑Ë’ ∂“∫—πµà“ßÊ ¬—ߢ“¥§«“¡æ√âÕ¡∑Ë’®–‡°Á∫¢¬– and flies from forming the breeding sites. °“√®—¥°“√¢¬–„πÕ𓧵®÷ßµâÕ߇πâπ∑”Õ¬à“߉√∂÷ß®–∑”„À⢬– From these problems, if waste is treated hygienically, ∑¡’Ë ’Õ¬àπŸ Õâ ¬≈ß...∑ß—È π’‡È æ◊ÕË ≈¥§«“¡‡ Ë’¬ß„π¥â“πµ“à ßÊ ∑Ë®’ –µ“¡¡“ it is a preventive action for consequential results. These π—Ëπ‡Õß problems require cooperation among people to pay more attention to the waste management, from the grass roots to the municipal level or even at the country level. If policies are imposed on officials at schools, hospitals, temples, and we become seriously engaged in the issue, it will somehow help lessen this problem. As long as institutions have not been prepared for waste collection, the waste management in the future will be focusing on how to reduce the waste generated... in order to diminish consequential risks associated. GREEN LINE 59

‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬–‚¥¬µ√ßπ—Èπ ¬—ß‰¡à‡ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑Ë’ From the peopleûs point of view, direct waste- ·π™à ¥— ¡“°π°— „𠓬µ“ª√–™“™π∑«—Ë ‰ª ®π°√–∑ß—Ë À≈“¬Àπ«à ¬ß“π transmitted diseases havenût been clearly distinguished. °Á¬—ߧßÀ“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬–‚¥¬µ√߉¡àæ∫ ‰¡à«à“ Even a number of agencies canût point the cause of ¿“§√—∞À√◊Õ¿“§‡Õ°™π°Á¬—߉¡à‡§¬¡’Àπ૬ߓπ‰ÀπÕÕ°¡“∫Õ° diseases contracted directly from waste, be they the ‡√Ë◊Õß‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°¢¬–„Àâª√–™“™π‰¥â∑√“∫ ‚√§∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°¢¬– government sector or private sector. Not single agents À“°æ‘®“√≥“®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑Ë’ºà“π¡“‡√“√⟷µà§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å·≈– havenût informed the public of waste-related diseases. §«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇∑à“πÈπ— ·µ∂à “â ®–∫Õ°µ√ßÊ «à“‚√§∑ˇ’ °¥‘ ®“°¢¬–πÈπ— However, if we consider information in the past, we ¡’‚√§Õ–‰√∫â“ßπÈ—π ¬—ß√–∫ÿ™—¥‡®π‰¡à‰¥â ‡πË◊Õß®“°‰¡à√âŸ«à“¡—π®– know only that risks and connection between diseases ‡°‘¥¡“°πâÕ¬·§‰à Àπ Õ¬“à ߇™πà ¢¬–∑‡Ë’ ªπì æ…‘ ∫“ßÕ¬à“ß°∫— §π∑Ë’ and waste exist. But if one wants to know how many ‡ªπì ‚√§æ‘…∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ®“° “√µ–°Ë«— ‡π◊ÕË ß¡“®“°¡’°“√§ÿ⬢¬– ®–‡Õ“ diseases are caused by wastes, this canût be specified µ—«‡≈¢¡—π°Á§ß°√–®—¥°√–®“¬ √ÿª‰¡à‰¥â  à«π§«“¡‡ ’ˬß∂â“查 since we still do not know how likely waste can cause ‡ªìπ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ °§Á ß查¬“°¡“° °“√查‡ªìπÕ—µ√“ ‡ªìπµ—«‡≈¢ ®– diseases. For example, we canût get the exact number µÕâ ß √ÿªÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπº≈«‘®—¬ ´Ëß÷ ¢≥–π’È∑“ß¿“§«™‘ “«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å of those who are contracted of toxic-lead-diseases from Õπ“¡¬—  ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ §≥– “∏“√≥ ¢ÿ »“ µ√å ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ¡À¥‘ ≈ waste picking. ItÕs even harder to identify in terms of °”≈—ß∑”°“√»÷°…“„πÀ—«¢âÕ‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡‡ ’ˬߢÕߧπ‡°Á∫¢¬– risk. Researches must be done in order to identify in ·≈–æπ—°ß“π∑’ˇ°Á∫¢¬– «à“¡’§«“¡‡ Ë’¬ß¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß‰√µàÕ°“√ terms of rate and figures. The Department of Environmental ‡°‘¥‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫ ‚¥¬∑”°“√»°÷ …“„π¥â“πµ“à ßÊ ¥—ßπ’È Health Science Department, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, is now conducting a research on the °“√»÷°…“√–¬–¬“« „π°“√»÷°…“√–¬–¬“«°—∫∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇ°∫Á risk of rag pickers and waste workers: how risky they are ¢¬–‚¥¬µ√ß«à“ ÿ¢¿“懢“‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ‡™àπ §π°«“¥∂ππ¢Õß to contract diseases from waste. We are doing research °∑¡. §π‡°∫Á ¢¬–¢Õß °∑¡. ·≈–·¡â°√–∑ßË— §π¢π¢¬– „π¥â“π in these areas: °“√·æ∑¬å°Á®–µâÕß¡’°“√µ√«® ÿ¢¿“æ√à“ß°“¬ µ√«®‡≈◊Õ¥∫â“ß «à“ ÿ¢¿“懪ìπÕ¬à“߉√ ·≈â«π”º≈¡“»÷°…“„π√–¬–¬“««à“¡’°“√ Long-term research A long-term study deals with ‡ª≈¬’Ë π·ª≈ßÕ¬“à ߉√∫“â ߇°¬’Ë «°∫—  ¢ÿ ¿“æ¢Õ߇¢“‡À≈“à ππÈ— ·≈«â ®ß÷ those who directly contact with wastes about how their À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏‡å °Ë¬’ «°—∫‚√§∑Ë’¡’ “‡Àµÿ¡“®“°¢¬– health has been, such as the Bangkok Metropolitan scavengers, waste collectors and even waste workers. ¥“â π ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ µÕâ ß¡°’ “√»°÷ …“‡°¬’Ë «°∫— ΩπÉÿ ≈–ÕÕß«“à ¡π— GREEN LINE 57

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« “√–πà“√Ÿâ ‚¥¬ : °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ Green Tips by : Editorial Board ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂Õ◊ ∑ˇ’ ªπì ¡‘µ√°∫—  ‘ßË ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY MOBILE NTT DoCoMo ·≈– Sony Ericsson √à«¡¡◊Õ°—πæ—≤π“‚∑√»—æ∑å ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’Ë„™â«— ¥ÿ®“°æ≈“ µ‘° ∑’˺≈‘µ®“°·ªÑß·≈–π”È µ“≈¢Õߢ⓫‚楷≈– ¡—πΩ√—Ëß ‡Õ“¡“À¡—°¥â«¬°√¥ Lactic-acid Bacilli ´÷Ëß¡’¢âÕ¥’∑’Ëæ≈“ µ‘° ™π¥‘ π®È’ – “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ«— ‰¥‡â Õßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘‡¡Õ◊Ë ‡«≈“º“à π‰ªπ“πÊ ∂Õ◊ ‡ªπì º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±∑å ‡Ë’ ªìπ¡µ‘ √°—∫ Ëß‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ¢“à «®“° Gizmodo ·≈– NTT DoCoMo Press Release (≠ªË’ πÿÉ ) ª√–‡∑»‡√“ π“à ®–≈Õß»÷°…“¥∫Ÿ â“ßπ–§√—∫ ¢“â «‚楰‡Á ¬Õ– ¡—πΩ√ß—Ë °Á·¬– ¡’„À„â ™â»÷°…“¡“°¡“¬§√—∫ NTT DoCoMo and Sony Ericsson have jointly developed a mobile phone made from plastic, which in turn is made of starch and sugar of corns and potatoes and then fermented with Lactic acid Bacilli. As time goes by, the plastic will be broken down into water and carbon dioxide. It is considered an environmental-friendly product. Source: www.gizmodo.com/gadgets/cellphones/sony-ericsson/ ntt-docomo-for-environmentfriendly-phones-100518.php It is suitable for use as a power supply for a wide range of portable devices like mobile phones, PDAs, and digital cameras. 60

æ—≤π“∑’™Ë “√®å ¡◊Õ∂◊Õæ≈—ß· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å GREEN LINE Developing Solar-Powered Mobile Charger NTT ∫√‘…—∑¬—°…å„À≠à¥â“π‡∑‡≈§Õ¡¢Õß≠’˪ÿÉπ ‡ªî¥µ—«‡§√◊ËÕß™“√å® ·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’·∫∫æ°æ“‰¥â‚¥¬„™âæ≈—ßß“π· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å ¡’™Ë◊Õ«à“ çPocket Energyé ‡§√ÕË◊ ß™“√®å ¥ß— °≈“à «π È’ “¡“√∂™“√®å ‰ø„À°â ∫— Õªÿ °√≥Õå ‡‘ ≈°Á ∑√Õπ°‘  å ™π¥‘ µà“ßÊ ‰¡«à “à ®–‡ªìπ‚∑√»—æ∑凧≈Õ◊Ë π∑’Ë °≈Õâ ß Camcorder À√◊Õ‡§√ÕË◊ ß ‡≈πà ‡°¡·∫∫¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ °‰Á ¥‡â ™πà °π— ∑ ’Ë ”§≠— §Õ◊ ¡√’ “§“∂°Ÿ ¡“° ª√–¡“≥ 20,000 ‡¬π ‡∑à“π—Èπ (ª√–¡“≥ 7,374 ∫“∑) ‡§√ÕË◊ ß™“√®å ·∫µ‡µÕ√Ë’ Pocket Energy πÈ’ ™«à ¬„À§â ≥ÿ  “¡“√∂™“√®å ‰ø‰¥â ‰¡à«à“§ÿ≥®–Õ¬Ÿà„π∑Ë’∑’Ë¡’‰øøÑ“À√◊Õ‰¡à √«¡∂÷ßÀ“°‡°‘¥¿—¬æ‘∫—µ‘µà“ßÊ §ÿ≥°Á ¬—ß “¡“√∂™“√安ø„Àâ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕµ‘¥µàÕ°—∫‚≈°¿“¬πÕ°‰¥â ‡æ’¬ß𔇧√◊ËÕß ™“√安ø¥—ß°≈à“«‰ª√—∫· ß·¥¥ª√–¡“≥ 4 ™Ë—«‚¡ß ¡—π°Á®–¡’‰øøÑ“ ”√Õß ‡æ’¬ßæÕ ”À√—∫°“√§ÿ¬‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ∑Ë’¬“«π“πª√–¡“≥ 4 ™Ë—«‚¡ß‡≈¬ ∑’‡¥’¬« πÕ°®“°ππ—È ¬ß—  “¡“√∂„™™â “√®å ‰ø„À°â —∫‡§√ËÕ◊ ߇≈πà µà“ßÊ ‰¥â ‰¡à«“à ®–‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕ߇≈πà ‡°¡§Õπ‚´≈ ‡§√ÕË◊ ߇≈πà ‡æ≈ߥ®‘ µ‘ Õ≈ °≈âÕߥ‘®µ‘ Õ≈ œ≈œ ®“° manager.co.th Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), a Japanese telecommunication giant, has launched a portable solar-powered battery charger, called çPocket Energy.é This so-called charger can be used for recharging a wide range of electronic devices; cell phones, Camcorders or hand-held game consoles as well. More important is itûs very cheap at about 20,000 yen (or 7,374 Baht) only. This battery charger, Pocket Energy, will enable you to recharge your cell phone with or without electricity or in the wake of disasters to connect you with the external world. You just put this battery charger in direct sunshine for four hours. It can store enough electricity to run a mobile phone for four consecutive hours of talking. It, moreover, can be used for recharging most electronic devices including game consoles, digital compact-disc players, or digital cameras. Source: www.ntt.co.jp/news 61

π‚¬∫“¬ ’‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬ : «√ ‘ √“ ª√–‡ π¡Ÿ≈ π—°«™‘ “°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ Green Policy by : Warisara Prasenmoon Environmental Officer, Pollution Control Department Waste Policy in Thailand ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« ®“°°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Èß∑’ˇªìπ¢¬– The increased volume of waste both ordinary and ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ∑”„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“®“°°“√ hazardous one causes the problem of waste management, ®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπªí≠À“∑Ë’ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑» √—∞∫“≈‰¥â a critical problem of the country. The government has set ¡°’ “√«“ßπ‚¬∫“¬‡°¬Ë’ «°∫— °“√®¥— °“√ª≠í À“ ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ policies concerning the management of environmental ‚¥¬°”À𥇪ìππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“ problem by forming the national policy and plans of §≥ÿ ¿“æ Ëß‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». 2540-2559 promotion and conservation of the environmental quality B.E. 2540-2559, stating çThe national policy and plan of çπ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ support and conservation of environmental quality aims  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ¡’§«“¡¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬∑’Ë®–„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥°“√ at managing natural resources and supporting and conserving ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–°“√ à߇ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ the quality of environment concurrent with the economic  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘„À⧫∫§Ÿà‰ª°—∫°“√æ—≤𓇻√…∞°‘® and societal development, resulting in the sustainable ·≈– —ߧ¡ Õ—π®–¬—ߺ≈„Àâ°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ°“√æ—≤π“ development of the country and enhancement of the ∑¬’Ë —Ë߬◊π·≈–‡ √¡‘  √â“ߧÿ≥¿“æ·Ààß™«’ µ‘ ¢Õߪ√–™“™π ‚¥¬‰¥â peopleûs quality of life by setting the guidance which requires immediate action in reviving renewable natural °”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ‡√àß resources in order to return to their balance state of use ¥à«π „π°“√øóôπøŸ∑√—欓°√ and reimbursement. And it also sets the guideline for ∏√√¡™“µ‘∑Ë’‡°‘¥∑¥·∑π‰¥â „Àâ solution of eliminating water pollution, air pollution, noise ‡ ¢â “  Ÿà   ¿ “ æ   ¡ ¥ÿ ≈ ¢ Õ ß ° “ √ and quake pollution, garbage and waste, hazardous „™â·≈–°“√‡°‘¥∑¥·∑π ·≈– °” À π ¥ · π « ∑ “ ß ° “ √ · °â ‰ ¢ 62

¢®—¥¿“«–¡≈æ‘…∑“ßπ”È ¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» ¡≈æ‘…∑“߇ ’¬ß substance and waste, including setting the national GREEN LINE ·≈–§«“¡ πË—  –‡∑Õ◊ π ¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬·≈– ß‘Ë ªØ°‘ ≈Ÿ  “√Õπ— µ√“¬ ·≈– guidelines of promotion and conservation of the envi- ¢Õ߇ ¬’ Õπ— µ√“¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√°”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß„π°“√ ßà ‡ √¡‘ ronmental quality in the future.é We can see that this ·≈–√—°…“§≥ÿ ¿“æ ßË‘ ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ„‘ πÕπ“§µé ´Ë÷ß®–‡ÀÁπ has set the solution of garbage and waste problem «à“‰¥â°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈– ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈·≈– and hazardous waste as well. ¢Õ߇ ’¬Õπ— µ√“¬‰«¥â ⫬ Measures to Promote the ¡“µ√°“√∑Ë’®–‡ √‘¡„Àâ “¡“√∂π”·π«π‚¬∫“¬ Implementation of Policy ‰ª Ÿà°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ 1. Advocate the establishment of waste disposal 1.  π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥µÈ—ß»Ÿπ¬å°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„™â center for sharing among communities. √à«¡°—πÀ≈“¬™¡ÿ ™π 2. Support the joint investment from the private 2.  ßà ‡ √¡‘ °“√≈ß∑πÿ √«à ¡®“°¿“§‡Õ°™π„π°“√°”®¥— ¢¬– sector in waste disposal and the reuse of waste. ¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬ ·≈–π”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¡“„™ªâ √–‚¬™πå 3. Support the private sector in doing the business 3.  π—∫ πÿπ¿“§‡Õ°™π¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– of waste management and monitoring ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ °“√µ¥‘ µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫ 4. Folow the principle of whoever causes the polution 4. „™âÀ≈—°°“√ºâŸ°àÕ¡≈æ‘…‡ªìπºâŸ®à“¬Õ¬à“߬ÿµ‘∏√√¡·≈– must pay for the cost fairly and equally. ‡ ¡Õ¿“§ 5. Improve rules, regulations, and principles 5. ª√—∫ª√ÿß°Æ √–‡∫¬’ ∫ ¢âÕ∫ß— §—∫ ∑’‡Ë °’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫Õ—µ√“ concerning the rate of waste collection, transporting, §à“∏√√¡‡π’¬¡§à“∫√‘°“√‡°Á∫¢π àß·≈–°”®—¥„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ and disposal in accordance with the processing cost. §“à ¥”‡ππ‘ °“√ 6. Imbue positive attitude to young people by 6. ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß∑—»π§µ‘∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß·°à‡¬“«™π ‚¥¬„Àâ°“√»÷°…“ educating and implementing campaign for more co- ·≈–√≥√ߧå„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√à«¡¡◊ժؑ∫—µ‘ √«¡∑È—ß„Àâª√–™“™π operation, including more engagement of people and ·≈–™¡ÿ ™π‡¢â“¡“¡ ’ à«π√à«¡¡“°¢÷Èπ community. 7. Ω°ñ Õ∫√¡‡æ¡Ë‘ æπŸ §«“¡√·âŸ °‡à ®“â Àπ“â ∑¢Ë’ Õß√∞— ·≈–‡Õ°™π 7. Provide training for both government officials and 8.  π—∫ πÿπ°“√»÷°…“ «‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑Ë’ private employees. ‡À¡“– ¡„π°“√®¥— °“√¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬Õ¬à“ß¡’√–∫∫ 8. Support the study, research and technological ‚§√ß°“√¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ development suitable in systematic waste management À≈“¬Àπ૬ߓπ∑È—ß¿“§√—∞·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π‰¥âµ√–Àπ—° Waste Management Projects ∂ß÷ ª≠í À“∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ ®ß÷ ‰¥√â «à ¡¡Õ◊ °π— ®¥— ∑”‚§√ß°“√·≈–°®‘ °√√¡ µà“ßÊ ‡æË◊Õ πÕßµàÕπ‚¬∫“¬°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈– A number of agencies both from the government ™à«¬°—π√≥√ߧå„Àâª√–™“™π·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ∑ÿ°¿“§ à«π‡¢â“¡“ and private sectors have realized the problem. Therefore, ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷π ´Ë÷ß‚§√ß°“√∑Ë’ they have cooperated in implementing projects and activities to respond to the waste management policy 63

‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« ‡°‘¥¢πÈ÷ ¡’Õ¬àÀŸ ≈“¬°®‘ °√√¡¥«â ¬°—𠇙àπ and promoted campaigns for 1. °√–∑√«ß∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ·‘ ≈– ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ‰¥®â ¥— ∑” people and every agency to involve in the management ·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·Ààß™“µ‘¢È÷πµ“¡¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ of generated waste. The on- ‡æË◊Õ„™â‡ªìπ°√Õ∫·≈–·π«∑“ß„π°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√ going projects and activities are: ¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¡“µ√°“√ À≈—° 5 ¥â“π §Õ◊ 1. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has set the Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß ß— §¡ ‡™àπ °“√ √“â ߧ«“¡µ√–Àπ°— ·≈– national waste management plans ®‘µ ”π°÷ „Àâª√–™“™π≈¥°“√∫√‚‘ ¿§ π‘ §â“Õ¬à“ßøÿ¡É ‡øÕó ¬ °“√ according to the decree of the cabinet to ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈–°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– be used as a framework and guidance on ¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ handling the problem of waste management for the country as a whole. It consists of 5 main measures as Ô ¡“µ√°“√°“√≈ß∑πÿ ‡™πà °“√ π∫—  ππÿ „À·â µ≈à –®ß— À«¥— follows: ®¥— µßÈ— »πŸ ¬∫å ”∫¥— ·≈–°”®¥— ¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬√«¡·∫∫§√∫«ß®√ ‚¥¬  à߇ √¡‘ „À¿â “§‡Õ°™π‡¢“â ¡“≈ß∑πÿ Ô Societal measures such as to raise awareness and consciousness to the people in decreasing the Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß¿“…’ ‡™àπ °“√‡æË‘¡¿“…’ ‘π§â“À√◊Õ consumption of luxury goods, their involvement in ∫√√®¿ÿ —≥±∑å Ë’°”®¥— ¬“°·≈–‰¡‡à ªπì ¡‘µ√µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈Õâ ¡ reducing the amount of waste and the separation of waste at the source of waste generation Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡™àπ °“√°”Àπ¥°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫ ‡æË◊Õ √â“ß°≈‰°°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å·≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±å Ô Investment measures such as the advocacy for ‡ Ë◊Õ¡ ¿“æ ÕÕ°¢âÕ°”Àπ¥„Àâª√–™“™π¡’°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– each province to set up the comprehensive waste ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ √«¡∑—Èß°”Àπ¥„ÀâÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß disposal and treatment center through the support of  à«π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π®—¥√–∫∫°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß the investment from the private sector °”‡π‘¥·∫∫·¬°ª√–‡¿∑ Ô Tax measures such as the increase of tax for Ô ¡“µ√°“√ π—∫ πÿπÕ◊πË Ê ‡™àπ  à߇ √‘¡·≈– π—∫ ππÿ goods or packaging that are difficult to be disposed of „À¡â °’ “√π”‡∑§‚π‚≈¬°’ “√º≈µ‘ ∑ Ë’ –Õ“¥¡“„™â  ßà ‡ √¡‘  π∫—  ππÿ or non-environmental friendly „Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬„π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫®“° « — ¥ÿ„™â·≈â«∑’Ë®–π”¡“º≈‘µ ‘π§â“ Ô Legal measures such as the formation of regulations to create the mechanism for recovery of the packaging 2. ‚§√ß°“√‡√¬’ °§π◊ ´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»æ— ∑å¡Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ´÷Ë߇°‘¥ remnants and deteriorated products, law enforcement ®“°§«“¡√«à ¡¡◊Õ√–À«“à ßÀπ૬ߓπ√«¡ 20 Àπà«¬ß“π ‰¥â·°à to people to sort out the garbage at the source of its °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡,  ”π—° generation, including regulating the local administration  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√,  ¡“§¡ ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“ to set up the process of collecting the waste separated  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰∑¬, CAT Telecom, Thai-mobile, AIS, at the source of the generation DTAC, HUTCH, True, TA Orange, Nokia, Motorola, GENCO, Umicore, Prowaste, CPACT, N-Mark Plaza Ô Other supportive measures such as support and ·≈– MBK „π°“√√—∫‡ªìπ®ÿ¥√—∫§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å 64

¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–°”®—¥´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√‚Ë’ ∑√»—æ∑¡å ◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬®—¥„Àâ¡’æ‘∏’ advocate the use of green technologies, support the GREEN LINE ≈ßπ“¡„π∫π— ∑°÷ §«“¡√«à ¡¡Õ◊ «“à ¥«â ¬°“√®¥— °“√´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë conduct of research in quality improvement of the used ‚∑√»æ— ∑¡å Õ◊ ∂Õ◊ ‡¡Õ◊Ë «π— ∑Ë’ 23 °π— ¬“¬π 2548 ≥ ‚√ß·√¡ª∑¡ÿ «π— materials to be reused in production ª√‘π´å‡´  2. The project of the recovery of battery and cell 3. ‚§√ß°“√≈¥°“√„™âæ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡ ¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å phone remnants, initiated from the cooperation among ‡æË◊Õ √â“߇§√◊Õ¢à“¬°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°‘®°√√¡°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ 20 agencies; the Polution Control Department, Department °“√„™æâ ≈“ µ°‘ ·≈–‚ø¡„πÀ“â ß √√æ π‘ §“â ·≈–√“â π –¥«°´Õ◊È of Environment Quality Promotion, Environment Bureau, ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°Àπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ∑Ë’‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß ‰¥â·°à Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Association of Thai °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– Environment, CAT Telecom, Thai-mobile, AIS, DTAC, HUTCH, ºâŸª√–°Õ∫°“√Àâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“·≈–√â“π –¥«°´È◊Õ„π‡¢µ True, TA Orange, Nokia, Motorola, GENCO, Umicore, °√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–ª√¡‘ ≥±≈ ´÷Ëߥ”‡π‘π°“√„π™«à ß√–À«“à ߪï æ.». Prowaste, CPACT, N-Mark Plaza and MBK, where the 2548 locations for returning the remnants of cell phoneûs batteries and disposal of them are provided. The MOU 4. ‚§√ß°“√°“√„™â«— ¥ÿÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡æË◊Õ®—¥∑”¢“‡∑’¬¡ ceremony on the cooperation of cell phone batteries æ√–√“™∑“𠇪πì °®‘ °√√¡ÀπßË÷ „π‚§√ß°“√ √°— ‡™¬’ ß„À¡à √«à ¡„® disposal was held on 23 September 2005 at the ≈¥¡≈æ‘… √à«¡‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘„π«‚√°“ ¡À“¡ß§≈‡©≈‘¡ Pathumwan Princess Hotel. æ√–™π¡æ√√…“  ¡‡¥®Á æ√–π“߇®â“ √‘ °‘ µ‘ ‘Ï æ√–∫√¡√“™π‘ π’ “∂ 12  ß‘ À“§¡ 2548 °®‘ °√√¡ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬°“√√≥√ߧ°å “√‡√¬’ °§π◊ 3. The project of the reduction of plastics and foam ∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±åÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂π”°√–ªÜÕßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ use aims at building the participatory network through ·≈°‡¢â“ «π —µ«å‡™¬’ ß„À¡à ‡æË◊Õ™¡¡À°√√¡§Õπ‡ √‘ åµ·≈–√à«¡ the activities of reducing the volume of plastics and ‡≈πà ‡°¡ ‡ªî¥µ—«‚§√ß°“√‡¡Ë◊Õ«π— ‡ “√å∑Ë’ 6  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2548 ≥ foams used in shopping centers and convenient stores  «π µ— «‡å ™¬’ ß„À¡à with the support from the involved parties, that is, the Pollution Control Department, Department of Environment Quality Promotion and shopping center owners and convenient stores in Bangkok and its vicinity areas. 4. The project of the use of aluminum to make prosthetic limbs under the royal patronage is one of the many activities of the project çLove Chiengmai, Together Reduce the Pollution,é to celebrate the commemorative ceremony on the occasion of Her Majesty Queen Sirikitûs birthday on 12 August 2005. The activities are the campaign of returning the aluminum packaging through the exchange of one aluminum can for one ticket to enter into Chiengmai zoo to attend the concert and play games. This project was launched on 6 August 2005 at Chiengmai Zoo. 5. The Bangkok Can Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Prosthesis Foundation under the royal patronage of H.R.H The Princess Mother, Ek-Chai Distribution Co., Ltd. and the Pollution Control Department have carried out the çProject of the Use of Aluminum to Make Prosthesesé since March by having the donation location at 20 branches of Tesco-Lotus in Bangkok areas and other government agencies; The Pollution Control Department, 65

5. ∫√…‘ —∑ ∫“ß°Õ°·§π ·¡π·Ÿ ø§‡®Õ√Ë‘ß ®”°—¥ ¡≈Ÿ π∏‘ ‘ National Institute of Metrology, Department of Mineral ¢“‡∑¬’ ¡„π ¡‡¥®Á æ√–»√π’ §√π‘ ∑√∑å √“∫√“™™ππ’∫√…‘ ∑— ‡Õ°-™¬— Resources and Bhumiphol Hospital, including The Bangkok ¥‘ ∑√‘∫√‘«™Ë—π ®”°—¥ ·≈–°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…‰¥â√à«¡¥”‡π‘π Can Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Since 3 months of opera- 炧√ß°“√„™â«— ¥ÿÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡æË◊Õ®—¥∑”¢“‡∑’¬¡æ√–√“™∑“πé tion we have received well cooperation from people µÈ—ß·µà‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ ‚¥¬µßÈ— ®ÿ¥√∫— ∫√®‘ “§∑Ë’Àâ“߇∑ ‚°â‚≈µ — „π with the total of 2,142 kilograms of aluminum donation ‡¢µ°√ßÿ ‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ®”π«π 20  “¢“ ·≈–Àπ«à ¬ß“π√“™°“√ in March, 4,785 kilograms in April, and 3,083 kilograms in ‰ ¥â · °à °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…  ∂“∫—π¡“µ√«‘∑¬“ °√¡ May, the total of 10,010 kilograms, all of which will be ∑√—欓°√∏√≥’ ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈¿Ÿ¡‘æ≈ √«¡∑—Èß∑’Ë∫√‘…—∑ donated to Prosthesis Foundation to further produce ∫“ß°Õ°·§π·¡ππŸ·ø§‡®Õ√ß‘Ë ®”°—¥ ®“°√–¬–‡«≈“ 3 ‡¥◊Õπ prosthesis for the handicaps. ∑Ë’¥”‡π‘π°“√¡“‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’®“°ª√–™“™π ‚¥¬¬Õ¥∫√‘®“§Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡„π‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ 2,142 °‘‚≈°√—¡ The projects implemented without the support from ‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π 4,785 °‘‚≈°√¡— ·≈–‡¥◊Õπ情¿“§¡ 3,083 every agency and the people canût succeed. However, °‘‚≈°√—¡ √«¡∑È—ß ‘Èπ®”π«π 10,010 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ´Ë÷ß®–¡Õ∫„Àâ the waste problem is created by all of us, so the ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘¢“‡∑’¬¡œ 𔉪®—¥∑”‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µ‡ªìπÕÿª°√≥墓‡∑’¬¡ responsibility for the wastes produced is in our hand.  ”À√∫— ºâŸæ°‘ “√µàÕ‰ª We can push the responsibilities and leave them to one particular party. We can start taking the responsibility ‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷π À“°‰¡à‰¥â§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°∑ÿ° by sorting out the waste at home. The government Àπ૬ߓπ √«¡∂ß÷ §«“¡√«à ¡¡◊Õ®“°ª√–™“™π °‰Á ¡àÕ“® ”‡√®Á agencies should advocate the campaign and continuously ≈ÿ≈à«ß‰ª‰¥â ∑—Èßπ’ȇπË◊Õß®“°ªí≠À“¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬πÈ—π‡°‘¥®“°‡√“ educate people in order that the waste management ∑°ÿ §π ¥ß— ππÈ— °“√√∫— º¥‘ ™Õ∫µÕà ¢¬–∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ¢πÈ÷ ®ß÷ ‡ªπì Àπ“â ∑¢’Ë Õß of Thailand is under operation and doesnût pose any ª√–™“™π∑ÿ°§π ‰¡à„™à®–‚¬π§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‰ª„Àâ°—∫ perils in the future. Àπ૬ߓπ„¥Àπ૬ߓπÀπË÷߇∑à“πÈ—π ´Ë÷߇√“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬ ‡√¡Ë‘ ®“°°“√§¥— ·¬°¢¬–®“°∑∫’Ë “â π¢Õ߇√“‡∑“à ππÈ— ‚¥¬Àπ«à ¬ß“π ∑“ß¿“§√—∞§«√ à߇ √‘¡√≥√ߧå·≈–„À⧫“¡√⟷°àª√–™“™π Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ®–¥”‡π‘π‰ª‰¥â·≈–‰¡à°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“√⓬·√ßµàÕ‰ª„π Õ𓧵 Õ“â ßÕß‘ Reference 1. ¢“à « ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡, °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ , www.pcd.go.th 1. Environment News, The Pollution Control Department, 2.  √ªÿ √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ…‘ ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ www.pcd.go.th ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« æ.». 2547 2. The Summary Report of Pollution Situation in Thailand, 2004 66

‡∑§‚π‚≈¬ ’ ‡’ ¢’¬« ‚¥¬ : π≈π‘ »√æ√À¡ Green Technology by : Nalin Sornphrom ➤ «∏‘ °’ “√„À¡§à √È—ß·√°¢Õß‚≈°°∫— °“√„™â ç·¡≈ß·°≈∫é °”®¥— ¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å‰¥ºâ ≈‡√«Á ª√– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ ßŸ ➤ Novel Process of the World to Use çSurinam Cockroaché to Dispose of Organic Wastes Quickly and Highly Effective ç ¢ ¬ – ∑à « ¡ ‡ ¡◊ Õ ß - ¢ ¬ – ≈â π çPiles of Garbage Swamped GREEN LINE ª√–‡∑»é §”°≈à“«∑Ë’øíߥŸπà“°≈—«π’È the Town-Overloaded the Countryé Õ¬“à §¥‘ «“à ‡ªπì ‰ª‰¡‰à ¥â À“°¢¬–∑‡Ë’ °¥‘ is a saying sounding awful but ¢π÷È „π∫“â π‡√Õ◊ π∂“â ‰¡‡à °∫Á ∑ßÈ‘  °— 2-3 impossible. If household garbage ‡¥Õ◊ π °‡Á °≈ÕË◊ π °‡Á À¡πÁ Àß÷Ë ‰ª∑ß—È ∫“â π is not dumped for 2-3 months, ∑È—ßπÈ’ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… they will be all over the place, ‡¡ÕË◊ ªï æ.». 2546 §π‰∑¬∑«—Ë ª√–‡∑» giving off the stinky odor in the  √“â ߢ¬–√«¡°π— ∂ß÷ 39,240 µπ— /«π— house. The data from Pollution ·¬°‰¥â‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬åª√–¡“≥ Control Department in 2003 47% ¢¬–√‰’ ´‡§‘≈ 40% ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬ 3% ·≈–¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª 10% indicated that Thai people around the country make ´ßË÷ „π®”π«π‡°◊Õ∫ 4 À¡◊Ëπµπ— /«—π ‡©æ“– ç§π°√ÿ߇∑æœé °Á the total garbage of 39,240 tons per day, categorized °àÕ„À‡â °¥‘ ¢¬–∂÷ߪ√–¡“≥ 9,340 µ—π/«π— À√Õ◊ ‡°Õ◊ ∫ 1 „π 4 into 47% of organic wastes, 40% of recycled wastes, 3% ¢Õߪ√¡‘ “≥¢¬–∑‡’Ë °‘¥¢πÈ÷ ∑Ë—«ª√–‡∑» of hazardous wastes, and 10% of general wastes. Of almost 40,000 tons of wastes per day, 9,340 tons per (¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß Õ◊ æ¡‘ æ凥≈‘π«‘  å «—π∑’Ë 3 ¡∂‘ ÿπ“¬π 2548) day, almost 1 in 4 of the total waste of the country, were from the çBangkok People.é °“√§âπæ∫ ç·¡≈ß·°≈∫é ∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂°”®—¥·≈–„™â ª√–‚¬™π¢å Õߢ¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å‰¥â ·≈–∂Õ◊ «“à ‡ªπì «‘∏’°“√„À¡„à π°“√ (Source: Dailynews Newpaper, June 3rd, 2005) °”®—¥¢¬–∑Ë’‰¥âº≈√«¥‡√Á«·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ ºâŸ§âπæ∫ «‘∏’°“√π’È §◊Õ √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ¡™—¬ ®—π∑√å «à“ß √Õß The discovery of çSurinam cockroaché (Ma-Laeng Õ∏°‘ “√∫¥¡’ À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å «∑‘ ¬“‡¢µ‡©≈¡‘ æ√–‡°¬’ √µ‘ Glaeb) enables us to dispose and benefit from organic ®—ßÀ«¥—  °≈π§√ ·≈–Õ“®“√¬åª√–®”¿“§«™‘ “ —µ««∑‘ ¬“ §≥– wastes and it is considered a fast and most effective 67

novel process of waste disposal. The person finding this method is Associate Professor Dr.Somchai Chantsavang, Vice President of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus and a faculty member of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University. Surinam cockroach is an insect in the cockroach family which has more than 4,000 species. They are commonly known for its destructive side to vegetation √». ¥√. ¡™¬— ®π— ∑√ å «“à ß and a carrier-disease but some of them are not detriment to the vegetation. Some can be raised as pet as well «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å and among these is Surinam cockroach. Surinam cock- ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ‡ªπì ·¡≈ß„πµ√–°≈Ÿ ·¡≈ß “∫ ´ß÷Ë ¡°’ «“à 4,000 roach is inch long, brown to black color with the color ™π‘¥  à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√⟮—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈– of its first pair of wings lighter than that of its body. It ‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈– consumes almost all of the food both organic materials ∫“ß™π¥‘  “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈¬È’ ߇ªπì  µ— «‡å ≈¬’È ß‰¥â ´ßË÷ ÀπßË÷ „πππ—È §Õ◊ and once a living creatures such as crop residues, ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 πÈ‘« vegetable residues, food residues, animal dung, including ¡ ’ π’ È”µ“≈®π∂ß÷  ¥’ ” ª°ï §·àŸ √°¡ ’ Õ’ Õà π°«“à  ≈’ ”µ«— ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ domestic animal dung like those of dogs and cats. °π‘ Õ“À“√∑°ÿ ™π¥‘ ∑‡’Ë ªπì Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ «µ— ∂ÿ À√Õ◊  ß‘Ë ∑§’Ë √ß—È Àπß÷Ë ‡§¬¡™’ «’ µ‘ Compared with other methods of organic waste ‡™à𠇻…æ™◊ ‡»…º°— ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡≈Ÿ  —µ«µå “à ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å disposal like raising the earthworm, a recently interesting ‡≈È’¬ß ‡™àπ ¡≈Ÿ  ÿπ¢— ·≈–¡≈Ÿ ·¡« and acceptable method of effective waste disposal, À“°‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å«‘∏’°“√ÕË◊πÊ the Surinam cockroach works even faster. It can feed Õ“∑‘ °“√‡≈¬’È ß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ´ß÷Ë °”≈—߇ªπì ∑ Ë’ π„®·≈–‡ªπì ∑’¬Ë Õ¡√—∫ on both fresh organic wastes, without waiting for micro- °π— «“à ∑”ß“π‰¥Õâ ¬“à ß¡ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ·≈«â ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¬ßË‘ ∑”ß“π organisms to kick in, and other organic wastes unable ‰¥‡â √«Á °«à“¡“° ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ “¡“√∂°π‘ ¢¬–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’  å ¥‰¥â ‚¥¬ to be consumed by the earthworm like fat-contained ‰¡µà Õâ ß√Õ„À®â ≈ÿ π‘ ∑√¬’ ∑å ”ß“π°Õà π ·≈– “¡“√∂°π‘ ¢¬–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å food residues and meat residues. The Surinam cock- ∑‰Ë’  ‡â ¥Õ◊ π‰¡ à “¡“√∂®–∑”‰¥â ‡™πà ‡»…Õ“À“√®”æ«°‰¢¡π— ·≈– roach itself is beneficial, that is, it can be used the ‡»…‡π◊ÈÕ µ—«·¡≈ß·°≈∫‡Õß°Á¡’ª√–‚¬™πå  “¡“√∂𔉪„™â same way as its counterpart, which is fish bait, food for ‡™πà ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√„™‰â  ‡â ¥◊Õπ §Õ◊ ‡ªìπ‡À¬Ë◊Õµ°‡∫¥Á Õ“À“√ª≈“ fish, chicken, bird, and frog, etc. If regularly fed, it will ‡≈Ȭ’ ߉°à ‡≈¬È’ ßπ° ‡≈È’¬ß°∫ ‡ªìπµâπ ∂“â ¡’Õ“À“√„À‡â ªπì ª√–®” not escape from the raising container or raising bin. ·¡≈ß·°≈∫®–‰¡Àà π’ÕÕ°¡“®“°µÀŸâ √Õ◊ °√–∫–∑Ë„’ ™‡â ≈Ȭ’ ß ·µà∂“â However, if it does come out, it usually cannot survive À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“¡—°®–‰¡à¡’™’«‘µ√Õ¥ ‡æ√“–·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’»—µ√Ÿ„π because there are a number of natural predators like ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡™àπ π° ‰°à ®‘Èß®° ®È‘߇À≈π §“ß§° °∫ birds, chickens, house lizards, skinks, toads, frogs, bullfrogs, ÕßË÷ Õ“à ß √«¡∂ß÷ ¡¥°π‘ ‡πÕ◊È ™π¥‘ µ“à ßÊ ´ßË÷ ∂Õ◊ «“à ‡ªπì  ß‘Ë ∑∏Ë’ √√¡™“µ‘ including other meat-eating ants. This is viewed as a ¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à¡πÿ…¬å„π√–¬–∑’Ë¢¬–‡ªìπªí≠À“¢Õß∑ÿ°·Ààß gift from nature to human during the period of landfill ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å‡Õß°Á‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºâŸ§‘¥§âπ°“√„™â problem. Kasetsart University is just the inventor who ª√–‚¬™π宓°·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·µà¬—ß¡’ takes advantage of the Surinam cockroach in disposing ‡√Õ◊Ë ß∑Ë’µÕâ ß»÷°…“°—πÕ’°¡“° ‡™àπ §≥ÿ ¿“æ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ß·°≈∫ of organic wastes. However, there are still a lot to learn, „π·ßàªÿܬÀ¡—° °“√‡ªì𵗫𔇙È◊Õ‚√§·≈–§à“µà“ßÊ ∑“ߥâ“π for example, the quality of cockroach dung in terms of «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å fermented fertilizer, the carrier of diseases, and other ∑Ë’¡“¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ Àπß—  Õ◊ æ¡‘ æ‡å ∑§‚π‚≈¬™’ “«∫â“π scientific values. ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« Àπ“â 32 «—π∑’Ë 15 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2548 ª∑ï Ë’ 17 ©∫∫— ∑Ë’ 363 Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, ‚¥¬ ®‰ÿ √ ‡°¥‘ §«π Page 32, July 15th 2005, Year 17, Volume 363, by Urai Gerdkaun. 68

➤ ‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ º≈µ‘ ª¬ÿÜ ¢®¥— ¢¬– ➤ Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes ‰ â‡¥◊Õ𠇪ìπ™◊ËÕ¢Õß —µ«å‰¡à¡’ Intestinal Worm is among a GREEN LINE °√–¥°Ÿ  π— À≈—ßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ∫“ß™π¥‘ name of many invertebrate ≈”µ—«¡’ª≈âÕß ∫“ß™π‘¥‰¡à¡’ ‡™àπ animals, some of which have ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ≈”µ—«‡ªìπª≈âÕß ¡—°¡’ segmented body while some ™ÿ°™ÿ¡µ“¡¥‘π™◊Èπ√à«π´ÿ¬ µ“¡„µâ donût such as earthworm. Earth- °Õߢ¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ‰ â‡¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬ worm, having segmented body, √“°ªπ ≈”µ—«‡ªìπ√È‘«‰¡à‡ªìπª≈âÕß can be found on the fertilized ‡ªπì ª√ µ‘ µ“¡√“°º°— ∂«—Ë ·≈–µπâ ‰¡â soil and under piles of trash. Mermithid nematode, without ª √ – ‚ ¬ ™ πå ¢ Õ ß‰  â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π ¥‘ π ringed body, is a parasite to roots of vegetables, beans, ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß™à«¬ª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õߥ‘π„À⥒¢È÷π‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß and plants.  “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â‡ªπì Õ“À“√ —µ«å Õ“∑‘ ª≈“ π° ‡ª¥ì ·≈–‰°à The benefits of earthworm lie not only in enhanc- œ≈œ ‰¥Õâ ’°¥«â ¬ ing better soil quality but also being used for such animal feeds as fish, birds, ducks, chicken, and etc. Õ“À“√¢Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘ππ—Èπ ®–‰¡à°‘π¢Õß¡’™’«‘µ ·µà‡¢â“ The earthworm feeds on non-living things but it ¬àÕ¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑Ë’¡’ decomposes rotting organic materials particularly ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π‡ªπì Õߧªå √–°Õ∫Õ¬àŸ Ÿß organic materials with high nitrogen in composition. In 1998 Dr.Anath Tonso, Department of Soil and ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2541 ¥√.Õ“π—∞ µ—π‚´ ·Ààß¿“§«‘™“ Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Produc- ∑√—欓°√¥‘π·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥–º≈‘µ°√√¡°“√‡°…µ√ tion, Maejo University, has seen its benefits so he has ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ·¡à‚®â ‰¥‡â ≈ßÁ ‡ÀÁπª√–‚¬™πå¢Õ߉ ‡â ¥◊Õπ¥‘π ®÷߉¥â conducted the research with support from the Office of ∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“° ”π—°ß“π National Science and Technology Development, Northern æ≤— π“«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√·å ≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬·’ Àßà ™“µ‘ ‡§√Õ◊ ¢“à ¬¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ Network. It turns out to be a very successful one, that is, ´Ë÷ߪ√“°Ø«à“ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° °≈à“«§◊Õ the earthworm is able to decompose waste materials ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–‰¥âÕ¬à“߇√Á«√«¥ ·≈–¬—ß∂à“¬¡Ÿ≈ fast and excrete cast manure, a high quality fertilizer, ‡ªπì ªÿܬ∑¡Ë’ ’§≥ÿ ¿“æÕ’°¥â«¬ as well. From the result of the experiment, 1 kilo of earth- ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡  “¡“√∂ worm can dispose 1 kilo of vegetable residues or wastes °”®¥— ‡»…º°— À√Õ◊ ¢¬– 1 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— ‰¥¿â “¬„π 24 ™«—Ë ‚¡ß ·µ«à ∏‘ °’ “√ within 24 hours. This process, however, canût be spread π’È°≈—∫‰¡à “¡“√∂¢¬“¬º≈ ŸàºâŸ∑’Ë π„®‰¥â ‡æ√“–√“§“´◊ÈÕ¢“¬ to those interested because the price of foreign earth- ‰ â‡¥◊Õπæ—π∏ÿåµà“ߪ√–‡∑»·æß ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ worm species is very expensive and more important it √–∫∫𑇫»«‘∑¬“À√◊Õ “¬æ—π∏ÿ剠⇥◊Õπæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õ߇ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß might have affected the ecology system or caused the ‰ª‰¥â µàÕ¡“‰¥æâ —≤π“À“ “¬æπ— ∏å‰ÿ ∑¬∑Ë’°π‘ Õ“À“√‡°ßà ·≈–∑π change to local earthworm species. Later the Thai earth- µàÕ ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡‰¥â¥’ ™ÕË◊ 科µ–·√éà ·µ‡à ¡ËÕ◊ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑¬’ ∫°—∫ worm, called çKitarae,é consuming a lot of food and æπ— ∏µÿå “à ߪ√–‡∑»ππÈ— æ∫«à“‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰∑¬ (§µ‘ –·√à) °π‘ Õ“À“√ well resistant to the environment, has been developed. πâÕ¬°«à“‡°◊Õ∫‡∑à“µ—« ´Ë÷ßµâÕßæ—≤π“ª√—∫ª√ÿß “¬æ—π∏ÿå Compared with that of the foreign one, it has found ‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π‰∑¬ ‚¥¬§—¥æπ— ∏∑åÿ ’°Ë ‘πÕ“À“√‡°àßÊ ·≈–®–¢¬“¬æπ— ∏åÿ out that the Thai earthworm (Kitarae) feeds on food 1 „À⇰…µ√°√À√◊պ⟠π„®∑—Ë«‰ª ‡æË◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬°—πº≈‘µªÜÿ¬ time less than that of its counterpart. Therefore, the Thai √“§“∂°Ÿ ·≈–™«à ¬°”®¥— ¢¬–Õ°’ ∑“ßÀπË÷ß ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π∑’Ëæ∫¡“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–·∂∫‡Õ‡™’¬- Õ“§‡π¬å ‰¥·â °à Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum ≈—°…≥–¿“¬πÕ°¢Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®–‡ªìπª≈âÕߵȗ߷µàÀ—«®π∂÷ß 69

‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬«  à«π∑⓬¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ¡’√Ÿª√à“ß∑√ß°√–∫Õ°¬“« À—«∑⓬‡√’¬« earthworm specie must be developed and selected ·À≈¡ ¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 10-20 ‡´πµ‡‘ ¡µ√ ‡¡Õ◊Ë ‚µ‡µ¡Á ∑®Ë’ –¡’ 120 only the one that has high consumption and then it will ª≈âÕß ¡’™àÕß√–À«à“ߪ≈âÕߧ—Ëπ·µà≈–ª≈âÕ߉«â ·µà≈–ª≈âÕß¡’ be bred to farmers or other interested people in order ‡¥Õ◊ ¬‡≈°Á Ê ‡√¬’ ßÕ¬ªàŸ √–¡“≥ 56 Õπ— ‰¡¡à  ’ «à πÀ«— ∑™’Ë ¥— ‡®π ‰¡¡à ’ to help produce cheap fertilizer and at the same time µ“ ‰¡¡à ’À𫥇À¡Õ◊ π„πµ—«·¡à‡æ√’¬ß ·µà¡’‰§≈‡µ≈≈—¡ ‡¡◊ÕË ∂÷ß dispose of wastes. √–¬– ∫◊ æπ— ∏‰åÿ §≈‡µ≈≈¡— ®–‡ÀπÁ ‰¥™â ¥— ‡®πÕ¬µŸà √ߪ≈Õâ ß∑Ë’ 14-16 The earthworm commonly found in Thailand and °“√∑’Ë®–π”‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¡“‡≈’Ȭ߇æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å South East Asia region are Pheretima peguana and √«¡∂÷ß°”®—¥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˇªìπ‰ª‰¥â Pheretima posthum. The earthwormûs external feature is ∂â“√Ÿâ®—°¥—¥·ª≈ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß segmented from head to the end of its body. Its feature ‰ ‡â ¥◊Õπ¥π‘ ´Ëß÷ ¿“™π–∑Ëπ’ ”¡“‡≈¬È’ ߉ ‡â ¥Õ◊ ππ—Èπ ®–¡∑’ Èß— ∑‡Ë’ ªπì is long cylinder with tapering pointed head and tail, ∫àÕ¥π‘ ∂ß— °√–∂“ß °≈àÕß ∂ßÿ À√Õ◊ ∂ß— ¢¬– √àÕßπ”È °√–∫– À√◊Õ approximately 10-20 centimeter long. When matured, « — ¥ÿÕ’°À≈“¬Ê ™π‘¥°‰Á ¥â ·≈«â ·µ§à «“¡ –¥«°é there will be about 120 segmentations with a gap in between each segment, each of which has a small  ¡¡ÿµ‘«“à µâÕß°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ¥®“°™ÿ¡™π∑¡’Ë ’Õµ— √“ 5 µπ— setae set along, a total of about 56 setae. Neither µÕà «—π ‡√“µÕâ ߇µ√’¬¡æπ◊È ∑Ë∫’ àÕÀ¡°— ª√–¡“≥ 100 µ“√“߇¡µ√ head nor tail can be clearly identified. It has neither (‚¥¬§‘¥§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õߢ¬– ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 0.5 µ—π µàÕ eyes nor feelers as clam worm but it has clitellum. ≈°Ÿ ∫“»°‡å ¡µ√) §«“¡ ßŸ ¢Õß°√–∫–§«√Õ¬µàŸ ßÈ— ·µà 0.8-1.0 ‡¡µ√ While reaching its reproductive stage, clitellum can be ‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π‰¥âßà“¬ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡°«â“ߪ√–¡“≥ 1 ‡¡µ√ visibly seen at the 14th-16th ring. ·≈–§«“¡¬“«∑’ˉ¡à®”°—¥ Raising worm in order to dispose of organic wastes 碬– ¥®–¡’πÈ”‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 80 including agricultural residues is possible if we know ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå ¥—ßπÈ—π „π¢≥–∑Ë’À¡—°·≈–°“√ ≈“¬¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å how to adapt the environment suitable for the growth ‚¥¬‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ®–¡’¢Õ߇À≈«À√◊ÕπÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ of earthworm. The containers to raise earthworm are a ‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“®“°°Õߢ¬–®”π«π¡“° °“√ √â“ß∫àÕ√«∫√«¡ clay tank, a pot, a box, a bag or waste bin, a drain, a π”È À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ®– tray, or any other materials depending on the conve- ∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°‰¡à·™à¢—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π‚√ߺ≈‘µªÜÿ¬À¡—° ´Ë÷ß∑”„À≠⇥◊Õπ nience. ®–Àπ’¢÷Èπ¡“Õ¬àŸ‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ” ‡πË◊Õß®“°À“¬„®‰¡àÕÕ° ´Ë÷ßπ”È À¡—° ‡À≈“à π¡È’ ·’ √∏à “µÕÿ “À“√·≈–ª√¡‘ “≥®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√¬’ Õå ¬‡Ÿà ªπì ®”π«π¡“° Supposing a fresh waste of community with the ‚¥¬∑«Ë— ‰ª°“√À¡°— ∑ Ë’ ¡∫√Ÿ ≥®å –∑”„Àπâ È”À¡°— ∑‰’Ë ¥‰â ¡¡à °’ ≈πË‘ ‡À¡πÁ rate of 5 tons per day is required to be gotten rid of, ·≈– “¡“√∂𔉪„™â„π°“√º≈‘µæ™◊ ‰¥Õâ ¬“à ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥åé we are to prepare a fermenting tank about 100 m2 (the density rate equal to 0.5 ton per m3), with 0.8-1.0 meter ‡µ√’¬¡«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊Èπ‡æË◊Õ‡ªìπ∑Ë’Õ“»—¬¢Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ‚¥¬ high, about 1 meter long and unlimited wide for easier ∑«Ë— ‰ª¡°— ®–„™«â  — ¥Õÿ π‘ ∑√¬’  å ¥Ê ‡ªπì « — ¥√ÿ Õßæπ◊È Àπ“ª√–¡“≥ operation. 6 π«‘È ‚¥¬‡πâπ à«π∑Ë’‡ªπì º—° ’‡¢’¬« «—™æ™◊ ¢¬– ¥ ‚¥¬®–„™â ªÿ¬Ü §Õ°‚√¬∫πÀπ“â „ÀÀâ π“ª√–¡“≥ 2 π«È‘ ‚√¬ªπŸ ¢“«„À∑â «—Ë çFresh litter contains water no less than 80% of its composition. Therefore, while being composted and decomposed by the earthworm, a lot of liquid or com- post water from the earthworm dung will be excreted from piles of litter. The construction of a pit to store the compost water from the earthworm is a must. This will prevent compost water from being logged inside the fermented fertilizer. If this persists, it will cause the earth- worm to try to escape above the surface level due to inability to breathe. This compost water is highly rich in nutrients and microorganism. Generally, a complete fermentation produces odorless compost water and can 70

∫√‘‡«≥ ·≈â«®÷ß„À⧫“¡™È◊π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ be fully used in agricultural productioné GREEN LINE ª√–¡“≥ 20 ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µå ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ°— ¢¬– ¥À√Õ◊ „À⇪¬ï °™ÿà¡ The bedding for earthworm should be prepared. ·µà‰¡à„Àâ¡’π”È ·™à¢—ß ∑ȑ߉«âª√–¡“≥ 2-3 «—π ®–æ∫«à“‡°‘¥ °√–∫«π°“√À¡—°  —߇°µ‰¥â‚¥¬¡’§«“¡√âÕπ∑’Ë Ÿß¢È÷π ∑‘È߉«â In general, fresh organic materials, especially those that ª√–¡“≥ 4-6  ª— ¥“Àå §«“¡√âÕπ∑ˇ’ °‘¥¢π÷È ®–À“¬‰ªÀ√Õ◊ Õ“® are green vegetables, weed, and fresh litter, are used ‡√Á«°«à“π’È to be 6-inch-thick base of the tank. About 2 inches of manure are covered on top and calcium hydroxide is °“√°”®¥— ¢¬–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ ®å –¡ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ ßŸ  ¥ÿ ‡¡Õ◊Ë ‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ sprinkled around. And then add some moisture about ¡’π”È Àπ—° 2 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕ®”π«π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑Ë’‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥·≈â« 20% of the weight of fresh waste or water it but water ª√‘¡“≥ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√‡√Ë‘¡µâπ¥â«¬ª√‘¡“≥ logging should be avoided. Around 2-3 days later the ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ„πÕ—µ√“πÈ’®–‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√∑Ë’¡’§à“„™â®à“¬§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß composting process is carried out, observed by high ¥ß— ππÈ— „π√–¬–‡µ√¬’ ¡°“√®ß÷ §«√¡ª’ √¡‘ “≥‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ Õ¬“à ßπÕâ ¬ heat level. Leave it for about 4-6 weeks or sooner, the 1 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— µÕà æÈ◊π∑Ë’ 1 µ“√“߇¡µ√ ´ßË÷ „™â√–¬–‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ heat will be disappeared. 4-6  —ª¥“Àå °Á®–∑”„Àâª√‘¡“≥‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‡æË‘¡®”π«π¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß √«¥‡√«Á ·≈–∑«®’ ”π«π¡“°¢π÷È µ“¡ ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡∑‡Ë’ À¡“– ¡ The decomposition of organic wastes will be most effective when the earthworm weighs 2 kilograms per 1 ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– ¥∑’˧«√‡µ√’¬¡„À≠⇥◊Õπ¥‘𠧫√®–¡’ kilogram of rotting organic waste. However, to start the °“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√À¡—°„Àâ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬°àÕπ °àÕπ∑Ë’®–π”¡“„ à„π composting with this amount of earthworm costs quite °√–∫–‡≈È’¬ß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π‰¡°à π‘ ¢Õß ¥ ‰ â‡¥Õ◊ π a lot, so in the preparation stage, 1 kilogram of earth- °‘πÕ“À“√¥â«¬°“√¥Ÿ¥‡¢â“‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬®÷ß°‘π‰¥â‡©æ“–¢Õß∑’Ë worm per square meter is required. With approximately ‡√¡‘Ë ∫Ÿ¥‡π“à ·≈–°”≈ß—  ≈“¬µ«— ‡ªìπ¢Õ߇À≈« 4-6 weeks, the number of earthworm will increase quickly based on suitable environment. ‰ â‡¥◊Õ𠓬æ—π∏ÿå‰∑¬ Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum ®–°‘πÕ“À“√‡©≈ˬ’ 120-150 ¡≈‘ ≈‘°√—¡ The amount of fresh waste for feeding earthworm /π”È Àπ°— µ«— 1 °√¡— /«—π ∑ßÈ— π’ȇπ◊ÕË ß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬Ÿ„à π‡¢µ should be in the process of composting before putting √Õâ π ‚¥¬ª°µ‰‘  ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘  “¬æπ— ∏‰ÿå ∑¬ 1 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— ®–¡®’ ”π«π them in the earthworm bin. This is because the earth- ª√–¡“≥ 1,200 µ—« ®ß÷ §«√‰¥√â —∫Õ“À“√ª√–¡“≥ 120-150 worm wonût feed on fresh material. The earthworm °√—¡/«π— consumes by sucking into the body so they can eat only rotting debris and those being decomposed to À≈—°°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‚√߇√◊Õπ„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°Á§◊Õ °“√ liquid. 欓¬“¡§«∫§¡ÿ ‰¡„à À‡â °¥‘ §«“¡√Õâ π¢π÷È „π°√–∫–∑‰Ë’  ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ Õ“»—¬Õ¬àŸ  ”À√∫— ‡∑§π‘§°“√·¬°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥π‘ ÕÕ°®“°ª¬Üÿ À¡—° The Thai species of earthworm, Pheretima peguana ¡≈Ÿ  µ— «™å 𥑠ππÈ’ π—È ¥√.Õ“π∞— ∫Õ°«“à  “¡“√∂∑”‰¥Àâ ≈“¬‡∑§π§‘ and Pheretima posthum, consume 120-150 milligram of ‡™àπ °“√„™â· ß‰ø‰≈à ‡πË◊Õß®“°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π‰¡à™Õ∫· ß À√◊Õ food per 1 gram of weight per day on average. For „™âµ–·°√ß√Õà π¥â«¬¡Õ◊ °Á‰¥â Thailand is in the tropical region, 1 kilo of Thai earth- worm commonly consists of 1,200 of earthworms so ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπß—  Õ◊ æ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬™’ “«∫â“π they should consume about 120-150 milligram per day. ©∫—∫«π— ∑Ë’ 1 °ÿ¡¿“æπ— ∏å 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫∫— ∑’Ë 352 The principle of household plant management is ‚¥¬ ‰™¬  àÕßÕ“™æ’ that try to control the heat in the bin that raises the earthworm. For the technique of separating earthworm from the dung manure, Dr.Anath said that there are a number of ways to do so such as the use of light because the earthworm doesnût like the light or use a screen to sieve by hand. Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, February 1st 2005, Year 17, Volume 352 by Chai Songacheep 71

novel process of waste disposal. The person finding this method is Associate Professor Dr.Somchai Chantsavang, Vice President of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus and a faculty member of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University. Surinam cockroach is an insect in the cockroach family which has more than 4,000 species. They are commonly known for its destructive side to vegetation √». ¥√. ¡™¬— ®π— ∑√ å «“à ß and a carrier-disease but some of them are not detriment to the vegetation. Some can be raised as pet as well «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å and among these is Surinam cockroach. Surinam cock- ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ‡ªπì ·¡≈ß„πµ√–°≈Ÿ ·¡≈ß “∫ ´ß÷Ë ¡°’ «“à 4,000 roach is inch long, brown to black color with the color ™π‘¥  à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√⟮—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈– of its first pair of wings lighter than that of its body. It ‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈– consumes almost all of the food both organic materials ∫“ß™π¥‘  “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈¬’È ß‡ªπì  µ— «‡å ≈¬È’ ߉¥â ´ß÷Ë ÀπßË÷ „πππÈ— §Õ◊ and once a living creatures such as crop residues, ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡¢’ 𓥧«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 π«‘È vegetable residues, food residues, animal dung, including ¡ ’ π’ È”µ“≈®π∂ß÷  ¥’ ” ª°ï §·Ÿà √°¡ ’ Õ’ Õà π°«“à  ≈’ ”µ«— ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ domestic animal dung like those of dogs and cats. °π‘ Õ“À“√∑°ÿ ™π¥‘ ∑‡Ë’ ªπì Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ «å µ— ∂ÿ À√Õ◊  ßË‘ ∑§’Ë √ßÈ— Àπß÷Ë ‡§¬¡™’ «’ µ‘ Compared with other methods of organic waste ‡™à𠇻…æ™◊ ‡»…º°— ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡≈Ÿ  µ— «åµ“à ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡≈Ÿ  —µ«å disposal like raising the earthworm, a recently interesting ‡≈È’¬ß ‡™àπ ¡≈Ÿ  ÿπ¢— ·≈–¡Ÿ≈·¡« and acceptable method of effective waste disposal, À“°‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å«‘∏’°“√Õ◊ËπÊ the Surinam cockroach works even faster. It can feed Õ“∑‘ °“√‡≈¬’È ß‰ â‡¥Õ◊ π ´ß÷Ë °”≈—߇ªπì ∑’Ë π„®·≈–‡ªπì ∑’¬Ë Õ¡√—∫ on both fresh organic wastes, without waiting for micro- °π— «“à ∑”ß“π‰¥Õâ ¬“à ß¡ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ·≈«â ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¬ßË‘ ∑”ß“π organisms to kick in, and other organic wastes unable ‰¥‡â √«Á °«à“¡“° ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ “¡“√∂°π‘ ¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ¥‰¥â ‚¥¬ to be consumed by the earthworm like fat-contained ‰¡µà Õâ ß√Õ„À®â ≈ÿ π‘ ∑√¬’ ∑å ”ß“π°Õà π ·≈– “¡“√∂°π‘ ¢¬–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å food residues and meat residues. The Surinam cock- ∑‰Ë’  ‡â ¥Õ◊ π‰¡ à “¡“√∂®–∑”‰¥â ‡™πà ‡»…Õ“À“√®”æ«°‰¢¡π— ·≈– roach itself is beneficial, that is, it can be used the ‡»…‡π◊ÈÕ µ—«·¡≈ß·°≈∫‡Õß°Á¡’ª√–‚¬™πå  “¡“√∂𔉪„™â same way as its counterpart, which is fish bait, food for ‡™πà ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√„™‰â  â‡¥◊Õπ §Õ◊ ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ÕË µ°‡∫¥Á Õ“À“√ª≈“ fish, chicken, bird, and frog, etc. If regularly fed, it will ‡≈Ȭ’ ߉°à ‡≈¬È’ ßπ° ‡≈¬È’ ß°∫ ‡ªπì µπâ ∂“â ¡’Õ“À“√„À⇪ìπª√–®” not escape from the raising container or raising bin. ·¡≈ß·°≈∫®–‰¡Àà π’ÕÕ°¡“®“°µÀ⟠√Õ◊ °√–∫–∑’„Ë ™â‡≈È’¬ß ·µà∂â“ However, if it does come out, it usually cannot survive À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“¡—°®–‰¡à¡’™’«‘µ√Õ¥ ‡æ√“–·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’»—µ√Ÿ„π because there are a number of natural predators like ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡™àπ π° ‰°à ®È‘ß®° ®È‘߇À≈π §“ß§° °∫ birds, chickens, house lizards, skinks, toads, frogs, bullfrogs, ÕßË÷ Õ“à ß √«¡∂ß÷ ¡¥°π‘ ‡πÕÈ◊ ™π¥‘ µ“à ßÊ ´ßË÷ ∂Õ◊ «“à ‡ªπì  ßË‘ ∑∏’Ë √√¡™“µ‘ including other meat-eating ants. This is viewed as a ¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à¡πÿ…¬å„π√–¬–∑’Ë¢¬–‡ªìπªí≠À“¢Õß∑ÿ°·Ààß gift from nature to human during the period of landfill ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å‡Õß°Á‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºâŸ§‘¥§âπ°“√„™â problem. Kasetsart University is just the inventor who ª√–‚¬™π宓°·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·µà¬—ß¡’ takes advantage of the Surinam cockroach in disposing ‡√Õ◊Ë ß∑’˵Õâ ß»÷°…“°—πÕ°’ ¡“° ‡™πà §≥ÿ ¿“æ¢Õß¡≈Ÿ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ of organic wastes. However, there are still a lot to learn, „π·ßàªÿܬÀ¡—° °“√‡ªì𵗫𔇙È◊Õ‚√§·≈–§à“µà“ßÊ ∑“ߥâ“π for example, the quality of cockroach dung in terms of «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å fermented fertilizer, the carrier of diseases, and other ∑Ë¡’ “¢ÕߢÕâ ¡≈Ÿ Àπß—  Õ◊ æ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬™’ “«∫â“π scientific values. ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« Àπ“â 32 «—π∑Ë’ 15 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2548 ªï∑Ë’ 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 363 Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, ‚¥¬ ®‰ÿ √ ‡°‘¥§«π Page 32, July 15th 2005, Year 17, Volume 363, by Urai Gerdkaun. 68

novel process of waste disposal. The person finding this method is Associate Professor Dr.Somchai Chantsavang, Vice President of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus and a faculty member of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University. Surinam cockroach is an insect in the cockroach family which has more than 4,000 species. They are commonly known for its destructive side to vegetation √». ¥√. ¡™¬— ®π— ∑√ å «“à ß and a carrier-disease but some of them are not detriment to the vegetation. Some can be raised as pet as well «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å and among these is Surinam cockroach. Surinam cock- ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ‡ªπì ·¡≈ß„πµ√–°≈Ÿ ·¡≈ß “∫ ´ß÷Ë ¡°’ «“à 4,000 roach is inch long, brown to black color with the color ™π‘¥  à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√⟮—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈– of its first pair of wings lighter than that of its body. It ‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈– consumes almost all of the food both organic materials ∫“ß™π¥‘  “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈¬È’ ߇ªπì  µ— «‡å ≈¬’È ß‰¥â ´ßË÷ ÀπßË÷ „πππ—È §Õ◊ and once a living creatures such as crop residues, ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 πÈ‘« vegetable residues, food residues, animal dung, including ¡ ’ π’ È”µ“≈®π∂ß÷  ¥’ ” ª°ï §·àŸ √°¡ ’ Õ’ Õà π°«“à  ≈’ ”µ«— ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ domestic animal dung like those of dogs and cats. °π‘ Õ“À“√∑°ÿ ™π¥‘ ∑‡’Ë ªπì Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ «µ— ∂ÿ À√Õ◊  ß‘Ë ∑§’Ë √ß—È Àπß÷Ë ‡§¬¡™’ «’ µ‘ Compared with other methods of organic waste ‡™à𠇻…æ™◊ ‡»…º°— ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡≈Ÿ  —µ«µå “à ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å disposal like raising the earthworm, a recently interesting ‡≈È’¬ß ‡™àπ ¡≈Ÿ  ÿπ¢— ·≈–¡≈Ÿ ·¡« and acceptable method of effective waste disposal, À“°‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å«‘∏’°“√ÕË◊πÊ the Surinam cockroach works even faster. It can feed Õ“∑‘ °“√‡≈¬’È ß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ´ß÷Ë °”≈—߇ªπì ∑ Ë’ π„®·≈–‡ªπì ∑’¬Ë Õ¡√—∫ on both fresh organic wastes, without waiting for micro- °π— «“à ∑”ß“π‰¥Õâ ¬“à ß¡ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ·≈«â ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¬ßË‘ ∑”ß“π organisms to kick in, and other organic wastes unable ‰¥‡â √«Á °«à“¡“° ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ “¡“√∂°π‘ ¢¬–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’  å ¥‰¥â ‚¥¬ to be consumed by the earthworm like fat-contained ‰¡µà Õâ ß√Õ„À®â ≈ÿ π‘ ∑√¬’ ∑å ”ß“π°Õà π ·≈– “¡“√∂°π‘ ¢¬–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å food residues and meat residues. The Surinam cock- ∑‰Ë’  ‡â ¥Õ◊ π‰¡ à “¡“√∂®–∑”‰¥â ‡™πà ‡»…Õ“À“√®”æ«°‰¢¡π— ·≈– roach itself is beneficial, that is, it can be used the ‡»…‡π◊ÈÕ µ—«·¡≈ß·°≈∫‡Õß°Á¡’ª√–‚¬™πå  “¡“√∂𔉪„™â same way as its counterpart, which is fish bait, food for ‡™πà ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√„™‰â  ‡â ¥◊Õπ §Õ◊ ‡ªìπ‡À¬Ë◊Õµ°‡∫¥Á Õ“À“√ª≈“ fish, chicken, bird, and frog, etc. If regularly fed, it will ‡≈Ȭ’ ߉°à ‡≈¬È’ ßπ° ‡≈È’¬ß°∫ ‡ªìπµâπ ∂“â ¡’Õ“À“√„À‡â ªπì ª√–®” not escape from the raising container or raising bin. ·¡≈ß·°≈∫®–‰¡Àà π’ÕÕ°¡“®“°µÀŸâ √Õ◊ °√–∫–∑Ë„’ ™‡â ≈Ȭ’ ß ·µà∂“â However, if it does come out, it usually cannot survive À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“¡—°®–‰¡à¡’™’«‘µ√Õ¥ ‡æ√“–·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’»—µ√Ÿ„π because there are a number of natural predators like ∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡™àπ π° ‰°à ®‘Èß®° ®È‘߇À≈π §“ß§° °∫ birds, chickens, house lizards, skinks, toads, frogs, bullfrogs, ÕßË÷ Õ“à ß √«¡∂ß÷ ¡¥°π‘ ‡πÕ◊È ™π¥‘ µ“à ßÊ ´ßË÷ ∂Õ◊ «“à ‡ªπì  ß‘Ë ∑∏Ë’ √√¡™“µ‘ including other meat-eating ants. This is viewed as a ¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à¡πÿ…¬å„π√–¬–∑’Ë¢¬–‡ªìπªí≠À“¢Õß∑ÿ°·Ààß gift from nature to human during the period of landfill ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å‡Õß°Á‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºâŸ§‘¥§âπ°“√„™â problem. Kasetsart University is just the inventor who ª√–‚¬™π宓°·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·µà¬—ß¡’ takes advantage of the Surinam cockroach in disposing ‡√Õ◊Ë ß∑Ë’µÕâ ß»÷°…“°—πÕ’°¡“° ‡™àπ §≥ÿ ¿“æ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ß·°≈∫ of organic wastes. However, there are still a lot to learn, „π·ßàªÿܬÀ¡—° °“√‡ªì𵗫𔇙È◊Õ‚√§·≈–§à“µà“ßÊ ∑“ߥâ“π for example, the quality of cockroach dung in terms of «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å fermented fertilizer, the carrier of diseases, and other ∑Ë’¡“¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ Àπß—  Õ◊ æ¡‘ æ‡å ∑§‚π‚≈¬™’ “«∫â“π scientific values. ‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬« Àπ“â 32 «—π∑’Ë 15 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2548 ª∑ï Ë’ 17 ©∫∫— ∑Ë’ 363 Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, ‚¥¬ ®‰ÿ √ ‡°¥‘ §«π Page 32, July 15th 2005, Year 17, Volume 363, by Urai Gerdkaun. 68

➤ ‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ º≈µ‘ ª¬ÿÜ ¢®¥— ¢¬– ➤ Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes ‰ â‡¥◊Õ𠇪ìπ™◊ËÕ¢Õß —µ«å‰¡à¡’ Intestinal Worm is among a GREEN LINE °√–¥°Ÿ  π— À≈—ßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ∫“ß™π¥‘ name of many invertebrate ≈”µ—«¡’ª≈âÕß ∫“ß™π‘¥‰¡à¡’ ‡™àπ animals, some of which have ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ≈”µ—«‡ªìπª≈âÕß ¡—°¡’ segmented body while some ™ÿ°™ÿ¡µ“¡¥‘π™◊Èπ√à«π´ÿ¬ µ“¡„µâ donût such as earthworm. Earth- °Õߢ¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ‰ â‡¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬ worm, having segmented body, √“°ªπ ≈”µ—«‡ªìπ√È‘«‰¡à‡ªìπª≈âÕß can be found on the fertilized ‡ªπì ª√ µ‘ µ“¡√“°º°— ∂«—Ë ·≈–µπâ ‰¡â soil and under piles of trash. Mermithid nematode, without ª √ – ‚ ¬ ™ πå ¢ Õ ß‰  â ‡ ¥◊ Õ π ¥‘ π ringed body, is a parasite to roots of vegetables, beans, ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß™à«¬ª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õߥ‘π„À⥒¢È÷π‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß and plants.  “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â‡ªπì Õ“À“√ —µ«å Õ“∑‘ ª≈“ π° ‡ª¥ì ·≈–‰°à The benefits of earthworm lie not only in enhanc- œ≈œ ‰¥Õâ ’°¥«â ¬ ing better soil quality but also being used for such animal feeds as fish, birds, ducks, chicken, and etc. Õ“À“√¢Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘ππ—Èπ ®–‰¡à°‘π¢Õß¡’™’«‘µ ·µà‡¢â“ The earthworm feeds on non-living things but it ¬àÕ¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑Ë’¡’ decomposes rotting organic materials particularly ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π‡ªπì Õߧªå √–°Õ∫Õ¬ Ÿà ߟ organic materials with high nitrogen in composition. In 1998 Dr.Anath Tonso, Department of Soil and ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2541 ¥√.Õ“π—∞ µ—π‚´ ·Ààß¿“§«‘™“ Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Produc- ∑√—欓°√¥‘π·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥–º≈‘µ°√√¡°“√‡°…µ√ tion, Maejo University, has seen its benefits so he has ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈¬— ·¡à‚®â ‰¥‡â ≈ßÁ ‡ÀÁπª√–‚¬™π¢å Õ߉ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ ®÷߉¥â conducted the research with support from the Office of ∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“° ”π—°ß“π National Science and Technology Development, Northern æ≤— π“«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√·å ≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬·’ Àßà ™“µ‘ ‡§√Õ◊ ¢“à ¬¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ Network. It turns out to be a very successful one, that is, ´Ë÷ߪ√“°Ø«à“ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° °≈à“«§◊Õ the earthworm is able to decompose waste materials ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ·≈–¬—ß∂à“¬¡Ÿ≈ fast and excrete cast manure, a high quality fertilizer, ‡ªπì ªÿܬ∑¡Ë’ ’§≥ÿ ¿“æÕ’°¥â«¬ as well. From the result of the experiment, 1 kilo of earth- ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡  “¡“√∂ worm can dispose 1 kilo of vegetable residues or wastes °”®¥— ‡»…º°— À√Õ◊ ¢¬– 1 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— ‰¥¿â “¬„π 24 ™«Ë— ‚¡ß ·µ«à ∏‘ °’ “√ within 24 hours. This process, however, canût be spread π’È°≈—∫‰¡à “¡“√∂¢¬“¬º≈ ŸàºâŸ∑’Ë π„®‰¥â ‡æ√“–√“§“´◊ÈÕ¢“¬ to those interested because the price of foreign earth- ‰ â‡¥◊Õπæ—π∏ÿåµà“ߪ√–‡∑»·æß ·≈–∑Ë’ ”§—≠Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ worm species is very expensive and more important it √–∫∫𑇫»«‘∑¬“À√◊Õ “¬æ—π∏ÿ剠⇥◊Õπæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õ߇ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß might have affected the ecology system or caused the ‰ª‰¥â µàÕ¡“‰¥æâ —≤π“À“ “¬æπ— ∏å‰ÿ ∑¬∑°Ë’ π‘ Õ“À“√‡°ßà ·≈–∑π change to local earthworm species. Later the Thai earth- µàÕ ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡‰¥â¥’ ™ÕË◊ 科µ–·√éà ·µà‡¡ÕË◊ ‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫°—∫ worm, called çKitarae,é consuming a lot of food and æπ— ∏µÿå “à ߪ√–‡∑»ππÈ— æ∫«à“‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰∑¬ (§µ‘ –·√à) °‘πÕ“À“√ well resistant to the environment, has been developed. πâÕ¬°«à“‡°◊Õ∫‡∑à“µ—« ´Ë÷ßµâÕßæ—≤π“ª√—∫ª√ÿß “¬æ—π∏ÿå Compared with that of the foreign one, it has found ‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π‰∑¬ ‚¥¬§—¥æπ— ∏∑åÿ ’°Ë ‘πÕ“À“√‡°àßÊ ·≈–®–¢¬“¬æπ— ∏åÿ out that the Thai earthworm (Kitarae) feeds on food 1 „À⇰…µ√°√À√◊պ⟠π„®∑—Ë«‰ª ‡æË◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬°—πº≈‘µªÜÿ¬ time less than that of its counterpart. Therefore, the Thai √“§“∂°Ÿ ·≈–™«à ¬°”®¥— ¢¬–Õ°’ ∑“ßÀπË÷ß ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π∑’Ëæ∫¡“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–·∂∫‡Õ‡™’¬- Õ“§‡π¬å ‰¥·â °à Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum ≈—°…≥–¿“¬πÕ°¢Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®–‡ªìπª≈âÕߵȗ߷µàÀ—«®π∂÷ß 69

‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡¢’¬«  à«π∑⓬¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ¡’√Ÿª√à“ß∑√ß°√–∫Õ°¬“« À—«∑⓬‡√’¬« earthworm specie must be developed and selected ·À≈¡ ¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 10-20 ‡´πµ‡‘ ¡µ√ ‡¡Õ◊Ë ‚µ‡µ¡Á ∑®Ë’ –¡’ 120 only the one that has high consumption and then it will ª≈âÕß ¡’™àÕß√–À«à“ߪ≈âÕߧ—Ëπ·µà≈–ª≈âÕ߉«â ·µà≈–ª≈âÕß¡’ be bred to farmers or other interested people in order ‡¥Õ◊ ¬‡≈°Á Ê ‡√¬’ ßÕ¬ªàŸ √–¡“≥ 56 Õπ— ‰¡¡à  ’ «à πÀ«— ∑™’Ë ¥— ‡®π ‰¡¡à ’ to help produce cheap fertilizer and at the same time µ“ ‰¡¡à ’À𫥇À¡Õ◊ π„πµ—«·¡à‡æ√’¬ß ·µà¡’‰§≈‡µ≈≈—¡ ‡¡◊ÕË ∂÷ß dispose of wastes. √–¬– ∫◊ æπ— ∏‰åÿ §≈‡µ≈≈¡— ®–‡ÀπÁ ‰¥™â ¥— ‡®πÕ¬µŸà √ߪ≈Õâ ß∑Ë’ 14-16 The earthworm commonly found in Thailand and °“√∑’Ë®–π”‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¡“‡≈’Ȭ߇æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å South East Asia region are Pheretima peguana and √«¡∂÷ß°”®—¥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˇªìπ‰ª‰¥â Pheretima posthum. The earthwormûs external feature is ∂â“√Ÿâ®—°¥—¥·ª≈ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß segmented from head to the end of its body. Its feature ‰ ‡â ¥◊Õπ¥π‘ ´Ëß÷ ¿“™π–∑Ëπ’ ”¡“‡≈¬È’ ߉ ‡â ¥Õ◊ ππ—Èπ ®–¡∑’ Èß— ∑‡Ë’ ªπì is long cylinder with tapering pointed head and tail, ∫àÕ¥π‘ ∂ß— °√–∂“ß °≈àÕß ∂ßÿ À√Õ◊ ∂ß— ¢¬– √àÕßπ”È °√–∫– À√◊Õ approximately 10-20 centimeter long. When matured, « — ¥ÿÕ’°À≈“¬Ê ™π‘¥°‰Á ¥â ·≈«â ·µ§à «“¡ –¥«°é there will be about 120 segmentations with a gap in between each segment, each of which has a small  ¡¡ÿµ‘«“à µâÕß°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ¥®“°™ÿ¡™π∑¡’Ë ’Õµ— √“ 5 µπ— setae set along, a total of about 56 setae. Neither µÕà «—π ‡√“µÕâ ߇µ√’¬¡æπ◊È ∑Ë∫’ àÕÀ¡°— ª√–¡“≥ 100 µ“√“߇¡µ√ head nor tail can be clearly identified. It has neither (‚¥¬§‘¥§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õߢ¬– ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 0.5 µ—π µàÕ eyes nor feelers as clam worm but it has clitellum. ≈°Ÿ ∫“»°‡å ¡µ√) §«“¡ ßŸ ¢Õß°√–∫–§«√Õ¬µàŸ ßÈ— ·µà 0.8-1.0 ‡¡µ√ While reaching its reproductive stage, clitellum can be ‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π‰¥âßà“¬ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡°«â“ߪ√–¡“≥ 1 ‡¡µ√ visibly seen at the 14th-16th ring. ·≈–§«“¡¬“«∑’ˉ¡à®”°—¥ Raising worm in order to dispose of organic wastes 碬– ¥®–¡’πÈ”‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 80 including agricultural residues is possible if we know ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå ¥—ßπÈ—π „π¢≥–∑Ë’À¡—°·≈–°“√ ≈“¬¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å how to adapt the environment suitable for the growth ‚¥¬‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ®–¡’¢Õ߇À≈«À√◊ÕπÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ of earthworm. The containers to raise earthworm are a ‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“®“°°Õߢ¬–®”π«π¡“° °“√ √â“ß∫àÕ√«∫√«¡ clay tank, a pot, a box, a bag or waste bin, a drain, a π”È À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ®– tray, or any other materials depending on the conve- ∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°‰¡à·™à¢—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π‚√ߺ≈‘µªÜÿ¬À¡—° ´Ë÷ß∑”„À≠⇥◊Õπ nience. ®–Àπ’¢÷Èπ¡“Õ¬àŸ‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ” ‡πË◊Õß®“°À“¬„®‰¡àÕÕ° ´Ë÷ßπ”È À¡—° ‡À≈“à π¡È’ ·’ √∏à “µÕÿ “À“√·≈–ª√¡‘ “≥®≈ÿ π‘ ∑√¬’ Õå ¬‡Ÿà ªπì ®”π«π¡“° Supposing a fresh waste of community with the ‚¥¬∑«Ë— ‰ª°“√À¡°— ∑ Ë’ ¡∫√Ÿ ≥®å –∑”„Àπâ È”À¡°— ∑‰’Ë ¥‰â ¡¡à °’ ≈πË‘ ‡À¡πÁ rate of 5 tons per day is required to be gotten rid of, ·≈– “¡“√∂𔉪„™â„π°“√º≈‘µæ™◊ ‰¥Õâ ¬“à ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥åé we are to prepare a fermenting tank about 100 m2 (the density rate equal to 0.5 ton per m3), with 0.8-1.0 meter ‡µ√’¬¡«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊Èπ‡æË◊Õ‡ªìπ∑Ë’Õ“»—¬¢Õ߉ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ‚¥¬ high, about 1 meter long and unlimited wide for easier ∑«Ë— ‰ª¡°— ®–„™«â  — ¥Õÿ π‘ ∑√¬’  å ¥Ê ‡ªπì « — ¥√ÿ Õßæπ◊È Àπ“ª√–¡“≥ operation. 6 π«‘È ‚¥¬‡πâπ à«π∑Ë’‡ªπì º—° ’‡¢’¬« «—™æ™◊ ¢¬– ¥ ‚¥¬®–„™â ªÿ¬Ü §Õ°‚√¬∫πÀπ“â „ÀÀâ π“ª√–¡“≥ 2 π«È‘ ‚√¬ªπŸ ¢“«„À∑â «—Ë çFresh litter contains water no less than 80% of its composition. Therefore, while being composted and decomposed by the earthworm, a lot of liquid or com- post water from the earthworm dung will be excreted from piles of litter. The construction of a pit to store the compost water from the earthworm is a must. This will prevent compost water from being logged inside the fermented fertilizer. If this persists, it will cause the earth- worm to try to escape above the surface level due to inability to breathe. This compost water is highly rich in nutrients and microorganism. Generally, a complete fermentation produces odorless compost water and can 70

∫√‘‡«≥ ·≈â«®÷ß„À⧫“¡™È◊π‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ be fully used in agricultural productioné GREEN LINE ª√–¡“≥ 20 ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µå ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ°— ¢¬– ¥À√Õ◊ „À⇪¬ï °™ÿà¡ The bedding for earthworm should be prepared. ·µà‰¡à„Àâ¡’π”È ·™à¢—ß ∑ȑ߉«âª√–¡“≥ 2-3 «—π ®–æ∫«à“‡°‘¥ °√–∫«π°“√À¡—°  —߇°µ‰¥â‚¥¬¡’§«“¡√âÕπ∑’Ë Ÿß¢È÷π ∑‘È߉«â In general, fresh organic materials, especially those that ª√–¡“≥ 4-6  ª— ¥“Àå §«“¡√âÕπ∑ˇ’ °‘¥¢π÷È ®–À“¬‰ªÀ√Õ◊ Õ“® are green vegetables, weed, and fresh litter, are used ‡√Á«°«à“π’È to be 6-inch-thick base of the tank. About 2 inches of manure are covered on top and calcium hydroxide is °“√°”®¥— ¢¬–Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ ®å –¡ª’ √– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ ßŸ  ¥ÿ ‡¡Õ◊Ë ‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ sprinkled around. And then add some moisture about ¡’π”È Àπ—° 2 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕ®”π«π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑Ë’‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥·≈â« 20% of the weight of fresh waste or water it but water ª√‘¡“≥ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ °“√‡√Ë‘¡µâπ¥â«¬ª√‘¡“≥ logging should be avoided. Around 2-3 days later the ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ„πÕ—µ√“πÈ’®–‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√∑Ë’¡’§à“„™â®à“¬§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß composting process is carried out, observed by high ¥ß— ππÈ— „π√–¬–‡µ√¬’ ¡°“√®ß÷ §«√¡ª’ √¡‘ “≥‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ Õ¬“à ßπÕâ ¬ heat level. Leave it for about 4-6 weeks or sooner, the 1 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— µÕà æÈ◊π∑Ë’ 1 µ“√“߇¡µ√ ´ßË÷ „™â√–¬–‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ heat will be disappeared. 4-6  —ª¥“Àå °Á®–∑”„Àâª√‘¡“≥‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‡æË‘¡®”π«π¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß √«¥‡√«Á ·≈–∑«®’ ”π«π¡“°¢π÷È µ“¡ ¿“æ·«¥≈Õâ ¡∑‡Ë’ À¡“– ¡ The decomposition of organic wastes will be most effective when the earthworm weighs 2 kilograms per 1 ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– ¥∑’˧«√‡µ√’¬¡„À≠⇥◊Õπ¥‘𠧫√®–¡’ kilogram of rotting organic waste. However, to start the °“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√À¡—°„Àâ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬°àÕπ °àÕπ∑Ë’®–π”¡“„ à„π composting with this amount of earthworm costs quite °√–∫–‡≈È’¬ß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°‰ ‡â ¥Õ◊ π‰¡°à π‘ ¢Õß ¥ ‰ â‡¥Õ◊ π a lot, so in the preparation stage, 1 kilogram of earth- °‘πÕ“À“√¥â«¬°“√¥Ÿ¥‡¢â“‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬®÷ß°‘π‰¥â‡©æ“–¢Õß∑’Ë worm per square meter is required. With approximately ‡√¡‘Ë ∫Ÿ¥‡π“à ·≈–°”≈ß—  ≈“¬µ«— ‡ªìπ¢Õ߇À≈« 4-6 weeks, the number of earthworm will increase quickly based on suitable environment. ‰ â‡¥◊Õ𠓬æ—π∏ÿå‰∑¬ Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum ®–°‘πÕ“À“√‡©≈ˬ’ 120-150 ¡≈‘ ≈‘°√—¡ The amount of fresh waste for feeding earthworm /π”È Àπ°— µ«— 1 °√¡— /«—π ∑ßÈ— π’ȇπ◊ÕË ß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬Ÿ„à π‡¢µ should be in the process of composting before putting √Õâ π ‚¥¬ª°µ‰‘  ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘  “¬æπ— ∏‰ÿå ∑¬ 1 °‚‘ ≈°√¡— ®–¡®’ ”π«π them in the earthworm bin. This is because the earth- ª√–¡“≥ 1,200 µ—« ®ß÷ §«√‰¥√â —∫Õ“À“√ª√–¡“≥ 120-150 worm wonût feed on fresh material. The earthworm °√—¡/«π— consumes by sucking into the body so they can eat only rotting debris and those being decomposed to À≈—°°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‚√߇√◊Õπ„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°Á§◊Õ °“√ liquid. 欓¬“¡§«∫§¡ÿ ‰¡„à À‡â °¥‘ §«“¡√Õâ π¢π÷È „π°√–∫–∑‰Ë’  ‡â ¥Õ◊ π¥π‘ Õ“»—¬Õ¬àŸ  ”À√∫— ‡∑§π‘§°“√·¬°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥π‘ ÕÕ°®“°ª¬Üÿ À¡—° The Thai species of earthworm, Pheretima peguana ¡≈Ÿ  µ— «™å 𥑠ππÈ’ π—È ¥√.Õ“π∞— ∫Õ°«“à  “¡“√∂∑”‰¥Àâ ≈“¬‡∑§π§‘ and Pheretima posthum, consume 120-150 milligram of ‡™àπ °“√„™â· ß‰ø‰≈à ‡πË◊Õß®“°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π‰¡à™Õ∫· ß À√◊Õ food per 1 gram of weight per day on average. For „™âµ–·°√ß√Õà π¥â«¬¡Õ◊ °Á‰¥â Thailand is in the tropical region, 1 kilo of Thai earth- worm commonly consists of 1,200 of earthworms so ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπß—  Õ◊ æ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬™’ “«∫â“π they should consume about 120-150 milligram per day. ©∫—∫«π— ∑Ë’ 1 °ÿ¡¿“æπ— ∏å 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫∫— ∑’Ë 352 The principle of household plant management is ‚¥¬ ‰™¬  àÕßÕ“™æ’ that try to control the heat in the bin that raises the earthworm. For the technique of separating earthworm from the dung manure, Dr.Anath said that there are a number of ways to do so such as the use of light because the earthworm doesnût like the light or use a screen to sieve by hand. Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, February 1st 2005, Year 17, Volume 352 by Chai Songacheep 71

 “¬¥à«π ’‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬ : °Õß∫√√≥“∏°‘ “√ Green Expressway by : Editorial Board  “¬¥«à π ’‡¢¬’ « Green Expressway §Õ≈¡— ππå ‡’È ª¥î ‰«‡â æÕË◊ „À∑â “à πºÕ⟠“à π∑√’Ë °—  π°ÿ °∫— °“√Õ“à π‰¥â This column is open for you, who enjoy reading, to  Õ∫∂“¡¢Õâ  ß ¬— ‚¥¬∑“ß°Õß∫√√≥“∏°‘ “√®–§¥— ‡≈Õ◊ °ª≠í À“ ask any questions. The Editor Team will choose the ∑’Ë∑“à π∂“¡·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ Theme ¢Õß·µà≈–©∫—∫ ´÷ËßµâÕß questions being asked and in trend with the theme of ¢ÕÕ¿¬— ‰«â ≥ ∑πË’  È’ ”À√∫— ∫“ߧ”∂“¡∑¬Ë’ ß— ‰¡‰à ¥µâ Õ∫≈ß„π«“√ “√ each volume. We then would like to apologize for ·µà∑“ß°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√®–®—¥ √√ºâŸ‡™Ë’¬«™“≠µÕ∫°≈—∫∑“ß some questions not yet replied in the magazine but we ‰ª√…≥’¬∑å ÿ°∑“à ππ–§√∫— will allocate the experts of each area to answer your questions by mail. Q1. ∑Ë’∫â“π¡’¢¬–¡“°¡“¬ ‡æ√“–·µà≈–§π™Õ∫®—∫®à“¬ ‰¡∑à √“∫«“à ®–°”®—¥¢¬–ª√–‡¿∑À≈Õ¥‰ø°—∫°√–ªÕÜ ß ‡ª√¬å Q1. We have loads of garbage at home Õ¬à“߉√ since each one likes to shop, so how to get rid of such garbage as light bulbs ∑∑’Ë “à π∂“¡¡“ À≈Õ¥‰ø°∫— °√–ªÕÜ ß ‡ª√¬å ®¥— ‡ªπì ¢Õ߇ ¬’ and cans of spray. Õπ— µ√“¬∑‡Ë’ °‘¥®“°∫“â π‡√Õ◊ π From what you asked, a light bulb and a can «‘∏’ß“à ¬Ê °§Á Õ◊ spray are categorized as hazardous household products. 1. ´ÕÈ◊ /„™‡â ∑“à ∑®Ë’ ”‡ªπì The easy ways to get rid of them are: 2. ´Õ◊È /„™ â π‘ §“â ∑‡Ë’ ªπì ¡µ‘ √°∫—  ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡  π‘ §“â ©≈“°‡¢¬’ « ‡™àπ ∂à“π‰ø©“¬ Ÿµ√‰¡àº ¡ “√ª√Õ∑ µâŸ‡¬Áπ©≈“°‡¢’¬«  ’ 1. Buy/Use only what necessary. Õ¡‘ ¡—≈™π—  µŸ √≈¥ “√æ…‘ 2. Buy/Use environmental friendly goods, green- 3. ´ÕÈ◊ /„™ â “√ °¥— ®“°∏√√¡™“µÀ‘ √Õ◊  ¡πÿ ‰æ√ ·∑π°“√„™â label products such as non-mercury battery, green-  “√‡§¡’∑Ë’ —߇§√“–À¢å Èπ÷ Õ“∑‘ æ«°¬“°π— ¬ßÿ µ“à ßÊ œ≈œ label refrigerator, non toxic formula-emulsion paint 4. ´ÕÈ◊ /„™ â π‘ §“â ∑„’Ë ™´â È”„À¡‰à ¥â ‡™πà ∂“à π‰ø©“¬∑™’Ë “√®å „À¡à 3. Buy/Use natural-extract substances or herbs in place of synthetic chemical substances like those of ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« insecticide, etc. 4. Buy/Use repetitive products such as recharge- able battery, refilled liquid cleaner to reduce the amount of packaging. 5. Donût dispose this hazardous waste with general garbage. Separate them. Itûd even be better if packing them in a box with the writing on it. 6. Donût trash them on the ground, in the drain or in the sources of water. 7. Store them in non-leaking container and wait for the local authority to colect and transport them for disposal. 72

‰¥,â „™πâ È”¬“∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥™π¥‘ ‡µ¡‘ ‡æÕË◊ ≈¥ª√¡‘ “≥¿“™π– 8. Dispose them in the trash container provided by GREEN LINE ∫√√®ÿ the local authority or take them to the local authority on the scheduled pick-up date. 5. ‰¡à∑‘ÈߢÕ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬‡À≈à“π’Ȫ–ªπ°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ∑Ë—«‰ª µâÕß·¬°∑È‘ßµà“ßÀ“°∫√√®ÿ≈ß°≈àÕß·≈⫇¢’¬π°”°—∫‰«â°Á 9. Return them to the agent to receive discount ®–¥¡’ “°∑‡’ ¥¬’ « coupon and exchange for new products. 6. ‰¡∑à ß‘È ≈ßæπÈ◊ ∑Õà √–∫“¬π”È À√◊Õ·À≈àßπÈ” Q2. Opening up a plant is planned, so Iûd 7. ·¬°‡°∫Á ‰«â„π¿“™π–∑‰Ë’ ¡à√—Ë«´÷¡ √ÕÀπ«à ¬ß“π∑Õâ ß∂πË‘ like to know the laws regulating the plant ¡“‡°Á∫‰ª°”®¥— control pollution. 8. 𔉪∑ß‘È „π¿“™π–∑ÀË’ π«à ¬ß“π∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë ®¥— À“„ÀâÀ√Õ◊ π” ‰ª„À⇮“â Àπâ“∑∑Ë’ ¡Ë’ “‡°∫Á „π«—π∑Ë’°”Àπ¥ A study of Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992) 9. 𔉪 àߧ◊π√â“πµ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬ ‡æË◊Õ√—∫ à«π≈¥·≈– should be studied. The Pollution Control Department is ·≈°´ÕÈ◊ º≈‘µ¿—≥±„å À¡à authorized to set criteria and standards to control the industrial plant operation, particularly in terms of standard Q2. ¡’‚§√ß°“√®–‡ªî¥‚√ßß“π Õ¬“°∑√“∫°ÆÀ¡“¬ and waste pollution disposal or chemical substances §«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…¢Õß‚√ßß“π caused by the plant operation, which in turn impacts the environment. §«√®–»°÷ …“æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‚‘ √ßß“π æ.». 2535 ´ß÷Ë µ“¡ §«“¡„π¡“µ√“¢Õßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘πÈ’ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…¡’ Under the Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992), Õ”π“®Àπ“â ∑„’Ë π°“√°”À𥇰≥±·å ≈–¡“µ√∞“π„π°“√§«∫§¡ÿ the Ministry of Industry is able to issue ministerial regulations °“√¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√¢Õß‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– concerning waste, dung, and garbage disposal, ¡“µ√∞“π·≈–«‘∏’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√°”®—¥¢Õ߇ ’¬¡≈æ‘…À√◊Õ prohibiting the disposal of polluted water and air from  “√ªπ‡ªôóÕπ´Ë÷߇°‘¥®“°°‘®°“√¢Õß‚√ßß“π∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ the industrial plant, establishing waste treatment system  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¿“¬„µâæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘‚√ßß“π °√–∑√«ß guidelines, including limiting the noise level conforming to Õÿµ “À°√√¡ “¡“√∂ª√–°“»°Æ°√–∑√«ß‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√°”®—¥ the standard set by EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) ¢Õ߇ ’¬  ‘Ëߪؑ°Ÿ≈·≈–¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ Àâ“¡°“√ª≈àÕ¬∑‘ÈßπÈ”‡ ’¬ ·≈–Õ“°“»‡ ¬’ ®“°‚√ßß“πÕµÿ  “À°√√¡ ·π«∑“ß°“√¡’√–∫∫ Full Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992) can be ∫”∫¥— ¢Õ߇ ¬’ µ≈Õ¥®π°”Àπ¥√–¥∫— ‡ ¬’ ߉¡„à À‡â °π‘ ¡“µ√∞“π found at www.diw.go.th of the Industrial Plant Department. ¢Õß EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) æ√–√“™∫≠— ≠µ— ‚‘ √ßß“π æ.». 2535 ©∫∫— ‡µ¡Á  “¡“√∂Õ“à π‰¥∑â ’Ë Q3. Iûd like to get the list of the parties www.diw.go.th ¢Õß°√¡‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ responsible for environment and which ministry they are under. Q3. Õ¬“°∑√“∫√“¬™Ë◊ÕÀπ૬ߓπ∑Ë’√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡√◊ËÕß  Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡«à“¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ß·≈– —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß„¥ For this question, there are quite a number of agents and ministries as follows:  ”À√∫— §”∂“¡π¡’È À’ ≈“¬Àπ«à ¬ß“π·≈–À≈“¬°√–∑√«ß ¥ß— πÈ’ Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ·‘ ≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ - Pollution Control Department - °√¡ à߇ √¡‘ §ÿ≥¿“æ Ëß‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ - Department of Environmental Quality Promotion - °√¡§«∫§¡ÿ ¡≈æ…‘ - Royal Forest Department - °√¡ª“É ‰¡â - Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - °√¡∑√æ— ¬“°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíßò - Department of Mineral Resources - °√¡∑√—欓°√∏√≥’ - Department of Water Resources - °√¡∑√—欓°√πÈ” - Department of Groundwater Resources - °√¡∑√æ— ¬“°√π”È ∫“¥“≈ - Office of Natural Resources and Environment Policy -  ”π°— ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ·‘ ≈– ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ and Planning -  ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’Õ«°“»·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑» - Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization) (GISTDA) 73

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« (Õߧ尓√¡À“™π) ( ∑Õ¿.) - Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research -  ∂“∫π— «®‘ ¬— «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√·å ≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬·’ Àßà ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ - National Center for Genetic Engineering and - »Ÿπ¬æå π— ∏«ÿ ‘»«°√√¡·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬™’ «’ ¿“æ·Àßà ™“µ‘ Biotechnology (BIOTEC) - »πŸ ¬«å ®‘ ¬— ¿¡Ÿ  ‘ “√ π‡∑»‡æÕ◊Ë ∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ßË‘ ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ - Geo-Informatics Center for Natural Resources, Environment, Economics, and Society of Thailand Ô°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’Àπâ“∑Ë’ √∫— º¥‘ ™Õ∫¥“â π°“√«“ß·ºπ·≈–°“√∫ß— §∫— „™°â Æ√–‡∫¬’ ∫¡“µ√°“√ Ô Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is ¡“µ√∞“π °“√«‘®—¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√®—¥∑”π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ responsible for planning and enforcement of rules and  ßà ‡ √¡‘ ·≈–√°— …“§≥ÿ ¿“æ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ·≈–°”°∫— ¥·Ÿ ≈‡°¬Ë’ «°∫— regulations, measures, standards, research, including ∑√æ— ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ·‘ ≈– Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π∑ÿ°¥“â π¢Õߪ√–‡∑» establishing policy and plans for the promotion and °√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬ conservation of environmental quality, as well as, - °√¡ à߇ √‘¡°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂π‘Ë monitor all aspects of the nationûs natural resources - °√¡ªÕÑ ß°π— ·≈–∫√√‡∑“ “∏“√≥¿¬— and environment. Ministry of Interior Ô √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°™ÿ¡™π·≈– - Community Development Department ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥„π°√≥∑’ ‡’Ë °¥‘ ‡Àµ°ÿ “√≥©å °ÿ ‡©π‘ ¡°’ “√√«Ë— ‰À≈¢Õß - Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation  “√Õπ— µ√“¬ Ô Responsible for waste collection from community Ô ¥”‡π‘π°“√·≈–ª√– “πß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√∫√‘À“√°“√§≈—ß and providing the cleaning in case of emergency ¢ÕßÕߧ°å √ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂πË‘ incident of leaks of hazardous substances °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ¢ÿ Ô Operate and coordinate with Local Administration - °√¡Õπ“¡¬— Ministry of Public Health - Department of Health Ô √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫®—¥°“√¥â“π “∏“√≥ ÿ¢Õ“™’«Õπ“¡—¬·≈–¡’ Õ”π“®„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¥Ÿ·≈‚√ß欓∫“≈∑«Ë— ª√–‡∑» Ô Responsible for public health management and authorized in supervision of hospitals around the country Ô¡Õ∫Õ”π“®„πÀπ૬√“™°“√∑âÕß∂Ë‘π „π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫·≈– °”®¥— ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ¥‘ ‡™È◊Õ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫§à“∏√√¡‡π¬’ ¡ µ“¡ Ô Authorized in the local government agency in the ∑Ë°’ ”À𥉫â„π æ.√.∫. °“√ “∏“√≥ ¢ÿ æ.». 2535 collection and disposing of infected waste, along with °√–∑√«ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡ collecting fee as set in the Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (1992) - °√¡‚√ßß“πÕµÿ  “À°√√¡ Ministry of Industry - Industrial Plant Department Ô §«∫§ÿ¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π°“√®—¥°“√¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°  ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√Õµÿ  “À°√√¡ Ô Control the hazardous waste disposal management from industrial enterprises Ô°”°∫— °“√¥·Ÿ ≈°“√ªØ∫‘ µ— µ‘ “¡°Æ¢Õâ ∫ß— §∫— ¢Õß æ.√.∫. «µ— ∂ÿ Õπ— µ√“¬ æ.». 2535 ´ß÷Ë °”Àπ¥·≈–§«∫§ÿ¡¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ Ô Supervise the compliance of Hazardous Material ∑°ÿ ™π¥‘ Act B.E. 2535 (1992) that regulates and controls all °√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏°‘ “√ types of hazardous wastes. Ministry of Education °”°∫— ¥·Ÿ ≈»°÷ …“Õπ— µ√“¬∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢πÈ÷ ®“°ÀâÕߪØ∫‘ µ— ‘°“√¢Õß ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ Supervise and study of hazards resulted from the uni- °√–∑√«ß§¡π“§¡ versity labs. Ministry of Communication §«∫§¡ÿ ¥·Ÿ ≈¢Õ߇ ¬’ ∑“ß∑–‡≈ ´ßË÷  «à π„À≠‡à ªπì π”È ¡π— À≈Õà ≈πË◊ ·≈–πÈ”¡—π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßµà“ßÊ ∑Ë’‡°‘¥®“°°‘®°√√¡¢π àß∑“߇√◊Õ Control and supervise sea wastes, most of which are lube ·≈–∑“à ‡√◊Õ oil and gasoline caused by the operation at sea and port. °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives - °√¡«™‘ “°“√‡°…µ√ - Department of Agriculture Ô §«∫§ÿ¡°“√„™â·≈–‡°Á∫ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß·≈– “√°”®—¥ Ô Control the use and storage of pesticides and «—™æ™◊ ∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ herbicides. 74

ÀâÕߢ“à « ‚¥¬ :  “¬¢“à « Environment News by : News Line Team ™∫ÿ ‡»…‰¡„â ∫À≠“â -¢¬– ‡ªπì ‡ßπ‘ ‡ªπì ∑Õß... ‚¥¬  ¡æ‘» ‰ª‡®Õ– (®“°¡µ™‘ π Àπâ“ 23 ∏√ÿ °®‘ πà“ π ©∫∫— «π— ∑Ë’ 5 惻®°‘ “¬π æ.». 2548) ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°„π™ÿ¡™π µ.ª“É ∫ß Õ. “√¿’ ®.‡™¬’ ß„À¡à  «à π„À≠ªà √–°Õ∫Õ“™æ’ Àµ— ∂°√√¡®—° “πÀ√Õ◊ ·°– ≈°— ®÷ß¡’‡»…‰¡∑â ’Ë ™“«∫“â π‰¡à “¡“√∂π”°≈—∫¡“„™ßâ “π‰¥â ‡»…‰¡â‡À≈“à ππ—È ∂°Ÿ °”®¥— ¥â«¬°“√‡º“ ´Ëß÷ πÕ°®“°®– ≠Ÿ ‡ª≈“à ·≈«â ¬ß— ∑”„À‡â °‘¥¡≈æ…‘ Õ’°¥â«¬ Õ“®“√¬å™“≠»—°¥‘Ï ™π—π™π– ®÷߇°‘¥·π«§‘¥°“√π”‡Õ“¢Õ߇À≈◊Õ„™â‡À≈à“π’È¡“·ª√√Ÿª„À⇪ìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å„À¡à∑Ë’ «¬ ·ª≈°µ“ ‡™πà ‚µ–ä ·≈–‡°“â Õ’È ·≈–®¥— ∑”‡ªπì ‚§√ß°“√ ç·ª√√ªŸ ‡»…‰¡éâ ‚¥¬µß—È ∑¡’  √“â ߺ≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±¥å «â ¬°“√π”™“«∫“â π„π™¡ÿ ™π π°— «™‘ “°“√·≈–π—°ÕÕ°·∫∫¡“™à«¬°π—  √â“ߺ≈µ‘ ¿—≥±å  ”À√—∫¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√ √â“ߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å®“°¢¬–π’È ¢—ÈπµÕπ·√° ‡√Ë‘¡®“°°“√𔇻…‰¡âÀ√◊Õ‡»…æ◊™¡“µ’¬àÕ¬¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕ߬àÕ¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇻…«— ¥ÿ‡À≈à“πÈ—π¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°≈ß°àÕπ®–𔇻…«— ¥ÿ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√¬àÕ¬‰ªºË÷ß·¥¥„Àâ·Àâß ‚¥¬«—¥§«“¡™◊Èπ¢Õ߇»…«— ¥ÿ ·≈«â ‡À≈Õ◊ ·§à 5 ‡ªÕ√‡å ´πÁ µå ®“°ππ—È π”‡»…‰¡∑⠉˒ ¥¡â “µ¬’ Õà ¬Õ°’ √Õ∫ ‡æÕË◊ „À¡â §’ «“¡≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥¡“°¢πÈ÷ ∑ßÈ— π’È ¢π÷È Õ¬°Ÿà ∫— §«“¡µÕâ ß°“√ ¥â«¬«à“Õ¬“°„Àºâ ≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±å¡§’ «“¡≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥¡“°πâÕ¬·§‰à Àπ À≈ß— ®“°‰¥‡â »…‰¡∑â º’Ë “à π°“√µ¬’ Õà ¬„À¡â §’ «“¡≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥µ“¡§«“¡µÕâ ß°“√·≈«â °πÁ ”¡“™ßË— ‡æÕ◊Ë À“ ¥—  «à π√–À«“à ߇»…‰¡°â ∫— °“« ´÷Ëß¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑”„À⇻…‰¡âµ‘¥‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¥’¬«°—π ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â —¥ à«π·πàπÕπ·≈â«®÷߇¢â“ Ÿà°√–∫«π°“√Õ—¥ ‚¥¬π”‡»…‰¡â·≈–°“«∑Ë’ ‡µ√’¬¡‰«â„ à„π·¡àæ‘¡æ嵓¡¢π“¥¢Õß∫≈ÁÕ° À≈—ß®“°πÈ—ππ”ÕÕ°¡“®“°·¡àæ‘¡æå·≈â«„™â‰¡â≈à“ ´Ë÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπæ≈“ µ‘° ¡’ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ªÑÕß°—π°“√µ‘¥°—π√–À«à“߇π◊ÈÕ‰¡â°—∫·ºàπ‡À≈Á°√Õ߉«â¥â“π∫π·≈–¥â“π≈à“ß°àÕπÕ—¥·ºàπ∫Õ√å¥  à«π≈«¥≈“¬µà“ßÊ ∑µË’ Õâ ß°“√µ°·µßà µÕâ ß„ °à Õà π‡¢“â °√–∫«π°“√Õ¥— „À‡â  √®Á „π°√–∫«π°“√‡¥¬’ «‡≈¬ ®ß÷ ‰¡µà Õâ ß¡“¬ßÿà ¬“°°∫— °“√µ°·µßà ≈«¥≈“¬Õ°’ ·√ߥ—π∑’„Ë ™Õâ ¥— ª√–¡“≥ 12,000 °‚‘ ≈°√—¡ À√Õ◊ 12 µ—π ∑ËÕ’ ÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 120-150 Õß»“ ‚¥¬„™‡â «≈“Õ¥— ª√–¡“≥ 5 π“∑’ ‡æË◊Õ„Àâ §«“¡√âÕπ°√–®“¬·æ√‰à ª ·àŸ ºàπ‰¡·â ≈–∑”ªØ‘°‘√¬‘ “‡§¡°’ ∫— π”È ¬“‡§¡’°àÕπ®–·¢ßÁ µ—« ·≈«â ®÷ߧàÕ¬ª≈¥ÕÕ°¡“®“°·¡æà ‘¡æå ®– ‰¥™â πÈ‘ ß“πµ√ßµ“¡§«“¡µÕâ ß°“√ ®“°ππ—È π”‰ªµ°·µßà ‡ªπì ∑√ß°≈¡ ∑√߇À≈¬’Ë ¡ ‰¥µâ “¡™Õ∫„® ·≈«â ®ß÷ π”™π‘È ß“π‰ª‡§≈Õ◊ ∫º«‘ „π¢πÈ— µÕπ ÿ¥∑⓬ ´÷ßË   ’ —π®–§ß∑‡Ë’ À¡Õ◊ π°∫— µÕπ°Õà π‡¢â“°√–∫«π°“√Õ—¥ Õ“®“√¬å™“≠»°— ¥‘Ï °≈à“««“à ç·¡«â “à «µ— ∂¥ÿ ∫‘ ®–‰¡µà Õâ ß≈ß∑πÿ ·µ à ß— §¡‰∑¬¬ß— ‰¡‡à ÀπÁ §≥ÿ §“à πÕâ ¬§π∑®Ë’ –¬Õ¡´Õ◊È À“ ≈°Ÿ §“â ∫“ߧπ°™Á πË◊ ™¡ ‡ÀπÁ «“à  «¬¥’ ·µ à à«π„À≠°à ‡Á ¥π‘ ºà“π‰ª ∫“ߧπæÕº¡∫Õ°«“à º≈‘µ®“°‡»…‰¡â ‡¢“°§Á ¥‘ ·≈⫧‘¥Õ’°°«“à ®–´ÈÕ◊  °— ™Èπ‘ µ“à ß®“°™“«¬‚ÿ √ª∑’Ë®–  ßà ‡ √‘¡°“√π”« — ¥‡ÿ À≈◊Õ„™â¡“ √â“ߺ≈‘µ¿≥— ±å Õ¬“à ߉√°µÁ “¡ ®–À“«‘∏°’ “√º≈‘µ„Àâ‡√«Á ¢È÷πÕ°’ ·≈–ª√—∫√Ÿª·∫∫„ÀÀâ ≈“°À≈“¬ ·≈–¡’≈«¥≈“¬ «¬ß“¡°«à“‡¥‘¡ ‡æË◊Õ‡¢â“ àŸ°“√º≈‘µ‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å ¢≥–π’ȉ¥âπ”‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°æ—π∏åÿ¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘¡“‡ªìπ «—µ∂¥ÿ ‘∫º ¡‡»…‰¡â∫â“ß·≈â« ª√“°Ø«à“ ‰¥√â —∫º≈µÕ∫√—∫®“°≈°Ÿ §â“¥’ µàÕ‰ª®–π”À≠“â ·Ω° ·≈–æ◊™Õ¬à“߇ª≈Õ◊ °∑‡ÿ √¬’ π ¡ß— §ÿ¥ „∫¡–¡«à ß ¡“‡ªπì «—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫µàÕ‰ªé GREEN LINE 75

Turn tree and leaf residues-waste into money and gold ... Matichon, page 23, Column Business of Interest, dated 5/11/05 By Somphit Paijer As the community of Tambon Pabong, Saraphi District, Chiengmai Province earns a living through handicraft or carving, the unusable wood residues are generated. To dispose of them, these residues are burnt, which is not only worthless, but also causes the pollution. Ajarn Charnsak Chanunchana, therefore, has originated the idea of reusing these residues to transform them into new beautiful peculiar products such as tables and chairs and formed the project of çTransforming Wood Residuesé by forming the team of product creation, which includes villagers of the community, the academicians, and designers to help create new products. The process of producing products from waste starts by dividing the wood residues or vegetation residues into small pieces before exposing them in the sunlight until they become dry with only 5% of moisture. Then, divide the dry-digested wood residues into pieces again for better refinement. However, it depends on how much refined the product is. After you have got the wood residues that were undergone the process of decomposition until they are refined as required, then weigh the dry residues to find the proper proportion between the wood residue and the adhesives which have the features of combining the wood residues together. Once getting the right proportion, then they are brought to undergo the pressing process; the dry-refine wood residues and adhesives you prepares are put inside a mould according to the size of the block. Then, take it out of the mould and use Mai-La, a plastic stick which prevents the affix between the wood and the metal base, to insert on top and bottom of the refined residues before pressing the board. The different patterns needed for decoration must be done before the pressing process, so there is no need to decorate it later. The pressure is 12,000 kilogram or 12 tons at the temperature of 120-150 degree Celsius. The pressing process takes 5 minutes so that the heat is spreading to wood panel and causes chemical reaction before becoming solid. Then, take it out of the mould. A piece of work is obtained as required. Then, you can make it round or square as desired and for the last step coat its texture with the same color before it was undergone the pressing process. Ajarn Charnsak said that çThough the raw materials are not invested, the Thai society does not perceive its value. Very few people buy them. Some customers admire them but some just walk past. When I told some customers that the products are made of wood residues, they then think over and over again whether or not they want to buy them. This is quite contrast to Europe where they are promoting the reuse of material residues to create new products. However, a fast process is still needed for entering into the commercialized process and more models are produced and have better color and colorful textures. Now the seeds of jasmine rice are used to mix with wood residues. It turns out to be a very welcoming product to customers. Later, Bermuda grass and such plants as the outers of durian, mangoes teen, and mangoÕs leaves are used as raw materials.é ‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬« 76

‡ª≈¬Ë’ π 碬–‰√§â “à é ‡ªπì ‡§√◊ÕË ß∫‘πÕπÿ√—°…å ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ GREEN LINE (®“°¡µ™‘ π Àπ“â 33 ©∫—∫«π— ∑’Ë 18 µ≈ÿ “§¡ æ.». 2548) Õ¬“à ‡æËß‘  ß —¬ °—∫™ÕË◊ ‡√◊ËÕߢ“â ßµπâ ‡æ√“–«“à π’˧◊Õ ‡√ËÕ◊ ß®√‘ß!! ‡æ√“–«“à ‚≈°ª®í ®∫ÿ π— °”≈ß— ∂°Ÿ §°ÿ §“¡¥«â ¬¡≈¿“«–®“°¢¬–¡≈Ÿ ΩÕ¬ ‰¡„à ™¢à ¬–¬Õà ¬ ≈“¬ß“à ¬ ∏√√¡¥“Ê ‡ ’¬¥â«¬ ·µà‡ªìπ¢¬–∑’ˉ¡à¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬®”æ«°æ≈“ µ‘° ·°â« ‚ø¡ œ≈œ ¢¬–‡À≈à“πÈ’ ‰ª‰Àπ ·≈â«®–≈âπ‚≈°À√◊Õ‰¡à? ‡ªìπªí≠À“πà“ª«¥À—«·≈–πà“§‘¥‰ªæ√âÕ¡Ê °—π ·≈â«°Á‰¥â√Ÿâ«à“ ª®í ®∫ÿ π— ¡§’ ππ”¢¬–‰¡¬à Õà ¬ ≈“¬‡À≈“à π¡’È “∑”ª√–‚¬™π‰å ¥·â ≈«â ‚¥¬°“√π”¡“√¬’  Ÿ ‡ªπì ‡§√ÕË◊ ß∫π‘ ø«î ‡®Õ√∫å Õ√¥å ‡√Õ◊ ‡«Õ√§å √“øµå (‡√Õ◊ ∫ß— §∫— ¢Õ߇≈πà ‡¥°Á ) ·≈–¬“πÕ«°“» Õ“®“√¬≈å ”æÕß ™¡Õ¡‘Ë Õ“®“√¬≈å ”æÕß ™¡Õ¡Ë‘ ®“°‚√߇√¬’ πÀ—«Àπ‘ «‘∑¬“§¡ ®ß— À«¥— ª√–®«∫§’√¢’ π— ∏å ‡≈à“∂ß÷ ‚§√ß°“√¢“â ßµπâ «“à °“√π”¢¬–¬àÕ¬  ≈“¬¬“° ‡™πà ·°≈≈Õπ„ πà È”¡π— ÕÕ‚µ≈â ªŸâ ·≈–æ≈“ µ°‘ ¡“√¬’  Ÿ ∑”‡ªπì ‡§√ÕË◊ ß∫π‘ ø«î ‡®Õ√∫å Õ√¥å ‡√Õ◊ ‡«Õ√å§√“øµå À√◊Õ‡ªìπ¬“πÕ«°“» ‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√¢Õß‚√߇√¬’ πÀ—«Àπ‘ «‘∑¬“§¡„π¢≥–πÈ’ Õ“®“√¬≈å ”æÕß °≈“à ««à“ ç ¿“æª®í ®∫ÿ π— ∑·’Ë °≈≈Õππ”È ¡π— ÕÕ‚µ≈â ªŸâ °≈“¬‡ªπì ¢¬– °ª√° ‰¡«à “à ®–Õ¬„Ÿà ππ”È À√Õ◊ ∫π∫° ‡ªπì ·À≈ßà ‡æ“–™Õ◊È ‚√§ ·≈– °“√∑”≈“¬¥â«¬°“√‡º“°Á∑”„À⇰‘¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬µàÕ√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÀ“¬„®¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ „π∞“π–∑Ë’º¡™Õ∫ °“√ª√–¥‘…∞凧√◊ËÕß∫‘π¡“µÈ—ß·µà™È—πª√–∂¡»÷°…“ ‚¥¬·√°Ê π”‰¡âπàÿπ¡“ª√–¥‘…∞å ºŸ°‡™◊Õ°≈“°‰ªµ“¡æ◊Èπ∂ππ À√◊Õ‰¡à°Á ·¢«π‰«¥â ‡Ÿ ≈πà æÕ‡ÀÁπ¢Õßæ«°π∑’È ‡Ë’ ªπì ¢¬–‰√§â “à ®÷ߧ‘¥À“«‘∏∑’ Ë®’ –π”¡“∑”„À‡â °‘¥ª√–‚¬™πéå 箓°∑Ë’‡ÀÁπ‡§√Ë◊Õß∫‘π¢Õßµà“ߪ√–‡∑» ∑”„À⺡լ“°®–∑”‡§√Ë◊Õß∫‘π¢È÷π¡“‡Õß∫â“ß ®÷߇√Ë‘¡®“°π”ø®Õ√å∫Õ√奡“ ª√–¥…‘ ∞凪ìπ‡§√ÕË◊ ß√Õà π æàÿߥ⫬¡◊Õ ·≈«â °æÁ —≤π“¢πÈ÷ ¡“‡ªìπ‡§√Ë◊Õß∫π‘ ‡≈Á° „ à™ÿ¥∫—ߧ—∫√–∫∫ rc.twin motor „™â take off À≈ß— ®“°ππÈ— π”‡¢“â ‰ª„π‚√߇√¬’ π∑º’Ë ¡ ÕπÕ¬·Ÿà ≈–®¥— µß—È ‡ªπì °®‘ °√√¡™¡ÿ π¡ÿ π°— ª√–¥…‘ ∞å ‡ª¥î  Õπ‡ªπì  “√–‡æ¡‘Ë ‡µ¡‘ «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å „π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 1 ·≈–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å„π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 2 °√–∑˗߉¥â√—∫§«“¡π‘¬¡ ®—¥‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√Õ“™’æ  ”À√—∫π—°‡√’¬π∑Ë’¡’∑—°…–§«“¡ “¡“√∂‡ªìπ摇»… „™â™Ë◊Õ«à“ ç‡§√Ë◊Õß∫‘πÕπÿ√—°…å Ë‘ß·«¥≈âÕ¡é °“√ª√–¥‘…∞å 燧√Ë◊Õß∫‘π Õπ√ÿ °— … å ß‘Ë ·«¥≈Õâ ¡é ®–„™Õâ ªÿ °√≥∑å √’Ë “§“∂°Ÿ À“ß“à ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ø«î ‡®Õ√∫å Õ√¥å „™°â √–ªÕÜ ß·°≈≈ÕππÈ”¡π— ¢π“¥§√ß÷Ë ≈µ‘ √ ∑Õà æ’«´’ ’ ¢π“¥ 10 ¡≈‘ ≈‡‘ ¡µ√ ·§¡ª√á —¥∑Õà ª√–ª“ 3 Àÿπ  “¬‡§‡∫≈‘ ‰∑¢π“¥ 4 π‘È« ·≈– 8 π‘È« ≈«¥°â“π√à¡ ‰¡â‡ ¬’ ∫∫“∫§’ ‘«¬“« 12 π‘È« Õ¬à“ߺա ·≈–À≈Õ¥°â“π≈°Ÿ ‚ªÉß  à«πÕÿª°√≥¢å —∫‡§≈ÕË◊ π¡Õ‡µÕ√å 180 ®”π«π 2 µ«— „∫æ—¥ 108 ®”π«π 2 „∫ «ß®√∫—ߧ—∫ Falcon 1 ™¥ÿ √‚’ ¡µ 1 µ«— ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë 7.2 ‚«≈µå 1 °âÕπ 6 ‡´≈≈å ‡¡ËÕ◊ ª√–°Õ∫‡ √Á®‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬√“§“µâπ∑ÿπ ª√–¡“≥ 1,300 ∫“∑  ”À√∫— §≥ÿ ¿“æ¢Õ߇§√ÕË◊ ß∫π‘ ®–∫‘π‰¥ â ߟ 100-200 ‡¡µ√ ·≈–¡’§≥ÿ  ¡∫µ— ‘ ™π µ° ·≈–°√–·∑° ®–‰¡·à µ°À√◊Õ©’°¢“¥ßà“¬é ‡§√Ë◊Õß∫π‘ Õπÿ√—°… å ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢ÕßÕ“®“√¬å≈”æÕß °”≈ß— ®–®¥≈‘¢ ∑‘ ∏χ‘ ªπì  ‘π§â“ OTOP ¢Õß‚√߇√’¬πÀ«— À‘π«∑‘ ¬“§¡„π ‡√Á«Ê π’¥È ⫬ ‡æËÕ◊ º≈‘µ·≈–®”Àπ“à ¬∑—Ë«‰ª ‡§√ËÕ◊ ß∫‘πÕπ√ÿ °— …å Ë‘ß·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ™à«¬„À⇥°Á Ê √®âŸ —°„™‡â «≈“«à“ß„À⇪ìπª√–‚¬™πå Àà“ß ‰°≈¬“‡ æµ¥‘ ¡§’ «“¡√§âŸ «“¡‡¢“â „®À≈°— Õ“°“»æ≈»“ µ√å √®Ÿâ °— µß—È  ¡¡µ∞‘ “π ∑¥≈Õß ·°‰â ¢ª≠í À“¥«â ¬°√–∫«π°“√«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å À≈—°ø î ‘° å‡∫◊ÕÈ ßµâπ ∑Ë’ ”§≠— ™«à ¬„À¢â ¬–∑Ë’‰√§â à“¡’ª√–‚¬™πå 77

‡ â π∑“ß ’‡ ’¢¬«Reused çWorthless Wasteé into conservative environmental aircraft Matichon, page 33, dated 18/10/05 Donût question the above title as this is true !! As todayûs world is threatened by the waste pollution which is difficult to decompose, but they are non-degradable waste such as plastic, glass, foam, etc. Where have such wastes gone? Are they flooded the world? They are worrying questions and thoughtful at the same time. You realize that nowadays someone has utilized these non-degradable wastes. They are reused into future-board air- Lampong Chomim craft, hover-craft boat (controlling-boat for kids) and spaceship. Ajarn Lampong Chomim, Huahin Pittayakhom school, Prachuabkirikhan province, told about the above project, which belongs to Huahin Pittayakhom school, that the hard to decompose wastes such as gallon of auto lubricating oil, and plastic are reused to be future-board aircraft, hover-craft boat or spaceship. çThe current situation is the gallons of auto lubricating oil become disgusting wastes, no matter where they are, in the river or on the ground, growing into the germ-culture site, and the disposal process of burning causes air pollution, harmful to respiratory system of the living creatures. As I like to invent aircraft since I was a kid, at the beginning I used a wooden stick (Mai-Noon) to be tied with a rope, pulling it along the road or hanging it for pleasure. Once seeing these junk, I then try to figure out how to utilize themé çAs I see from the foreign aircraft, it inspires me to make my own aircraft. So I started with using the future board to be invented to be a glider, driven by hand. Then it was further developed to be a small-sized airplane with the rc. twin motor to take off. Then I brought the project into where I am teaching and organized the Inventing Gadget club. Then, I opened up a supplementary science course for Matthayom 1 and a science course for Matthayom 2. Then, it becomes so popular that the occupation project for students who have special skills was implemented, called çconservative environmental planeé the invention of çconservative environmental plane,é which uses cheap and easy to find materials, particularly the future board, the bottle of half-gallon lubricating oil, 10-millimeter PVC tube, 3/8é camp for water pipe, 4é cable and 8é wire, 12é barbecue stick, and a balloon straw. For the motor part, we use 2 of 180-motors, 2 of 108-rotors, 1 set of Falcon controlling cycle, 1 remote control, and 1 of 7.2 volts battery with 6 cells. Once completely assembled, the cost is about 1,300 baht and it can fly as high as 100-200 meters and its quality lies in that it is difficult to break apart when colliding, falling, or bumping.é The conservative environmental plane of Lampong is under process of becoming OTOP patented product of Huahin Pittayakhom school soon for distribution. The conservative environmental plane encourages the children to spend their leisure time wisely, away from drugs, understanding of the principles of air, knowing how to set up hypothesis, testing, solving the problem using scientific approach, the introductory of physics, and more important revive the use of useless waste to become useful 78

Spell a Cast on Litter into Gold Old Tires are not dumped Cut them up and turn to tables and chairs Be set of furniture friends admired How durable they are exposed in the sun and rain How to invent piles of chicken bones Into something much valuable Imaginatively row each one Becoming a model as desired. Bunches of newspapers all over Elephant, Monkey, Tiger Puppets are made A chic name called Paper Mache To keep assorted items From what one sees as worthless rubbish Convert them into something new Ardently create them artistic Cast a spell on litter to become gold. ‚¥¬...Suthep Aoktom

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