PINANONANG - Safety Practices and Sports Injury Management Flipchart

Safety Practices & Sports Injury Management submitted by: Ela Marie Pinanonang STEM XI-Io

Common Sports Injuries Sports injuries occur during athletic activities or physical exertion. The fcoolmlomwionnglyaroeccsuomrrienogfstphoermtsoisntjuries. AoCthrosetmtwrlemaigsitosne,ndiklsyntaeesnnetrdsoa,ovifnneereeostdrt,raamernteudcashbscelaidenc.,kctl.ourdne, Strain llAoigcsaapmtiroeannintfsoi.rsTaahsseptmrreaoticsnht iicsnoigmnomyrootuenrarainnkgleo.f Sprain

Abtchoofenmresapk.coIitfnuut,nrhiedteiifbssrracaoacbktllrueeenrdaebk.ao,nunosepupeaunllnyocritnuraes Fracture eapfAlonobrkdsociliwetesisslos,ot,nkhjc.anaeYweteoie,nousfdni,cnssaighosneofarduysjilo,osdaulieonnrrctdsbai,ontthoenjiueeypsrsos.y,uoturhtaotf Dislocation A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that affects your brain function. Concussions are usually caused by a blow to the head. Concussion

Injury Assessment In the assessment of injuries in the sports context, there are three step-by-step mnemonic procedures that are used and overlap with each other. 1. First aid DRSABCD 2. On field STOP 3. Off field TOTAPS

DRSABCD DANGER Check for any dangers to yourself, any bystanders, and the injured person. Do not put yourself in harm's way to assist another person. Check whether the injured person is RESPONSE conscious. Communicate in a loud voice. If there is a response, proceed to STOP. If there is no response, proceed through SABCD. S END FOR HELP If the situation calls for emergency services, send/shout/summon someone for help. Dial emergency hotline and answer the operator's questions.

Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open their AIRWAY airway. Open the person's mouth. If the person’s mouth is clear, tilt their head gently back and check for breathing. If the person’s mouth is not clear, place the person on their side, open their mouth and clear any obstructions, then tilt the head back and check for breathing. B REATHING Check for breathing by looking for chest movements, listening, and feeling for breaths. If the person is unconscious but breathing, turn them onto their side, carefully ensuring that you keep their head, neck, and spine in alignment. If the person is unconscious and not breathing, CPR make sure they are flat on their back, place the heel of one hand in the center of the person's chest and your other hand on top. Press down firmly to compress 1/3 of the person's chest depth. Do this 30 times and give 2 breaths (lift the chin, pinch nostrils, blow firmly into their mouth) at 5 repetitions every 2 minutes. Do this until other medical authorities arrive or the injured person responds.

DEFIBRILLATOR For an unconscious person who is not breathing, apply an automated external defibrillator (AED), if one is available. Follow the instructions and voice prompts. If the person responds to defibrillation, turn them onto their side and tilt their head to maintain their airway. If the patient is a child, make sure the AED is suitable to use on a minor. DANGER RESPONSE SEND FOR HELP AIRWAY BREATHING CPR DEFIBRILLATOR

STOP The injured athlete is stopped from further S TOP participating and the game is stopped only when necessary. T ALK Talk to the injured athlete. What happened? How did it happen? What do they feel? Where does it hurt? Does it hurt anywhere else? Have you injured this part before? Observe the injured athlete and the OBSERVE area. Observe the injury: any swelling? any difference compared to the other side/limb? or tenderness when touched? If the player can move the injured part: does moving hurt? is the range of movement restricted? compared to normal or to the other side/limb, how does it feel?

P REVENT FURTHER INJURY You must assess the level of the injury: Minor injury - play on but must also undergo PRICER treatment. Less severe injury - apply the PRICER treatment on the athlete Severe - call for an ambulance

TOTAPS T ALK Talk to the athlete in order to gather as much information about the injury as possible. It's important to gather information around the symptoms of the injury, which might include: pain or other things felt such as grating or cracking. Observe the injured area. Compare OBSERVE both limbs/sides of the body to determine signs of injury (obvious abnormalities, swelling, redness, blood, etc.) If the signs exist, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. T OUCH Touch the injured area to see where the pain begins moving along the limb or injured side towards the site of injury. If an abnormality or excessive pain exists when touched, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied.

ACTIVE MOVEMENT Ask the injured athlete to move the injured area to see if they have full range of motion around the injured site and that the movement is pain free. Place a hand on the injured area to feel for any grating during the movement. If excessive pain exists, assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. PASSIVE MOVEMENT You move the injured area for the injured athlete, applying force to the area such as pulling or pushing the joint as well as moving the joint through its full range of motion. If there is no pain and there's full range of motion then the next step applies. But if the injured athlete reports pain or a lack of mobility, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. S KILLS TEST Assesses the injury to determine if the injured area can undergo the forces often found in the sport being played. Skills tests are specific to the sport and progress from basic low intensity movements to the faster, more powerful and forceful activities, from no equipment to full range of equipment. If a player fails because of pain, then first aid is applied. Most injuries by this point aren't likely to be serious ones.

Injury Treatment In the treatment of sports injuries, the following are some of the common mnemonic procedures used while waiting for professional medical aid to arrive. 1. PRICER method 2. No HARM

PRICER P ROTECTION Protect the athlete and the area being treated from further injury but also protect yourself. If the athlete can move, carefully move them to a safer area using a stretcher or a crutch, but if there is any doubt, do not move the injured athlete. Remove the athlete from the field and R EST rest/immobilize the injured area to avoid further tissue damage and reduce any blood loss. ICE Apply ice on the injured area for 15-20 minutes to decrease swelling and pain. However, any loss of sensation and any changes in tissue coloration in areas other than the area that is being iced indicate that the application is no longer safe.

Wrap the injured area with an COMPRESSION elastic bandage or compression sleeve. Start wrapping farthest away from the injured area to the heart and make sure to cover half of the previously wrapped area. Must be firm yet comfortable. Any tingling or pain means it's too tight. ELEVATION Keep the injured area/limb elevated to allow excess fluid to be pumped back into the blood vessel system and prevent further swelling. Refer the injured athlete to a medical R EFERRAL professional or physiotherapist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

No HARM (NO) Avoid applying hot packs to the injured area or going to spas and saunas since it increases HEAT blood flow to the injured area, resulting in swelling. Avoid consuming alcoholic beverages as (NO) it can inhibit your ability to feel if your injury is becoming more aggravated. It ALCOHOL also increases blood flow and swelling and may be toxic to the injured area. (NO) Avoid any activities that may aggravate the injury and cause further R E-INJURY damage. Avoid rubbing, massaging, or (NO) mobilizing the injured area as it worsens the blood flow and swelling. MASSAGE

Injury Prevention It is vital to incorporate primary injury 1.pPtrRheivIsCeanEptRiuombnleiactnhhdoemdalathke priority as this will have significant implications for reducing long-term consequences of sports- related musculoskeletal injuries.

To reduce the risk of injury: Take time off. Have at least one day off per week from a particular sport to allow your body to recover. Wear the right gear. Athletes should wear appropriate and properly fit protective equipment. Strengthen muscles. Conditioning exercises during practice strengthen muscles used in play. Increase flexibility. Have stretching exercises after games/practice and in your daily fitness routine. Use the proper technique. Follow proper techniques to avoid injuring yourself doing a wrong maneuver. Take breaks. Rest periods during practice and games can reduce injuries and prevent heat illnesses. Play safe. Strictly follow the rules of the game to avoid undue accidents. Do not play through the pain. Stop playing as to not further aggravate the injury. Avoid heat illnesses. Drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after a game/practice.

Play safely. Treat it properly. Disclaimer Images and information used in this project are not owned by the author. Full credits to the original sources.