NHf Organic Spirulina English Version

CONTENTS 01 What is Spirulina? 03 Organic Spirulina with 46 essential nutrients 13 Organic Spirulina aiding lose weight 14 Organic Spirulina help type 2 diabetes 15 Organic Spirulina improves symptoms of allergic rhinitis 16 Organic Spirulina improves mental and physical health performance 18 Organic Spirulina improves chronic hepatitis C 19 Organic Spirulina improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 21 Organic Spirulina ameliorate anemia

22 Organic Spirulina improves nutritional status 23 Organic Spirulina increases the body’s ability to detoxify 24 Organic Spirulina reduces blood lipid levels 25 Organic Spirulina a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 26 Organic Spirulina supports mental health 27 Organic Spirulina effectively inhibit cancer 28 Organic Spirulina preserve healthy gut 29 Organic Spirulina lowers LDL and levels of triglyceride

Certified by the USDA United States Department Of Agriculture The USDA is the premier organic certification standard in the United States, certified organic products. From raw materials to the production process, layers need to go through strict checks to ensure that the entire production process in line with organic production methods, the product does not add synthetic harmful substances, as well as any harmful ingredients before the certification will be made. 5

Astronaut food NASA and the European Space Agency are studying spirulina as optimum food for astronauts due to its remarkable nutritional values. Mankind’s best health supplement in the 21st century

What is Spirulina? The origin of life comes from the ocean. The first food of life four mosses and algae. Therefore, cyanobacteria are one of the most primitive organisms. According to reports cyanobacteria were used as food during the Aztec civilization in the 16th century was used as food. 01

Spirulina, are very tiny freshwater alkaline plants. Spirulina means twisted things in Latin. This microorganism is extremely small and can only be observed under a high level microscope. 02

Organic Spirulina 46 essential nutrients Top 4 100% Natural 20 18 18 Plant Carbo- Fats alkaline Pigment Minerals Vitamins Protein hydrate 100% 100% 80% 70% 70% 30% 20% Organic spirulina is rich in 46 essential nutrients, and its nutritional value is 4 TIMES higher than conventional foods 03

Organic Spirulina GREEN NUTRITION BANK one of nature’s most nutritious and comprehensive natural foods Rich in protein,amino acids,polysaccharides. unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins trace elements and cyanobacteria, etc. 04

Organic Spirulina 25 times more beta carotene than carrot According to immunological studies at the University of Massachusetts, the beta carotene has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on lung, larynx, esophageal prostate cancer, and uterine cancer with inhibitory effects. 05

Organic Spirulina 23 times more iron than spinach 06

Organic Spirulina 6 times more iron than beef liver 07

Organic Spirulina 5 times more calcium than milk 08

Organic Spirulina Up to 3.5 times more than protein foods 09

Organic Spirulina GLA is 3 times more than evening primrose oil Because spirulina is so rich in hypolenic acid, cyanobacteria are commonly used by Mexicans to supplement or replace breast milk. 10

Organic Spirulina Full of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) Spirulina contains a high amount of SOD. The amount of nucleic acid contained in spirulina is incomparable to other foods. Therefore, it is the best quality among all nucleic acid foods. 11

1g Organic Spirulina = 1000g Vegetables and Fruits 12

SOprgiarnuiclina aiding lose weight Obesity is a public health concern helped reduce body weight, body fat percentage and waist circumference worldwide and can be defined as a state (but not body mass index or waist- of abnormal or excessive accumulation to-hip ratio).1 In addition, a subgroup of adipose tissue that impairs health and analysis based on health status showed is associated with medical problems that spirulina was associated with a such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, reduction in body weight, body fat coronary artery disease, multiple percentage and waist circumference cancers, and cognitive dysfunction. (but not body mass index or waist- to-hip ratio).1 A subgroup analysis According to the World Health based on health status showed that Organization, the global population weight change was greater in obese of overweight people aged 15 years subjects than in overweight subjects and older will reach 2.3 billion and more than 700 million will meet the The underlying mechanisms may criteria for obesity (a systematic be related to reduced infiltration literature review and pooled analysis of visceral fat by macrophages, of 5 randomized controlled clinical prevention of liver lipid accumulation, trials with 278 participants) indicated improved oxidative stress, microbial that supplementation with spirulina regulation, and appetite regulation. 13

OSprgiarnuiclina help type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% are hallmark features leading to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. to 95% of new cases of diabetes A randomized controlled trial (12 and has a pathophysiology involving weeks, in 37 patients with type 2 at least seven organs and tissues, diabetes) noted that the use of including the pancreas, liver, skeletal Spirulina (daily dose 8 g) reduced muscle, adipose tissue, brain, malondialdehyde and triglycerides, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys and increased lipocalin levels2. Reduced insulin sensitivity of In addition, there were no significant the liver, muscle and adipose changes in fasting glucose, glycated tissue, and progressive decline hemoglobin, insulin, total cholesterol, in pancreatic beta-cell function LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol. 14

SOprgiarnuiclina improves symptoms of allergic rhinitis Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic rhinitis caused by an inflammatory reaction in the nasal mucosa, with symptoms such as: nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose Other symptoms include clearing of the throat, headache, facial pain, earache, itchy throat and snoring. The disease affects approximately 20 to 30 percent of adults and up to 40 percent of children, resulting in sleep disturbances, fatigue, depressed mood and cognitive impairment, affecting quality of life and productivity A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study (over a 6-month period in 150 patients with a history of allergic rhinitis) noted that taking spirulina significantly improved the signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including: runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion and itching, compared to placebo3. 15

OSprgiarnuiclina improves mental and physical health performance Fatigue is a subjective symptom persistent and headache-inducing fatigue. Fatigue is twice as common that manifests as physical discomfort, in women as in men, but does not aversion to activity, or impaired correlate much with age or occupation objective performance, or is also A randomized, double-blind, defined as a symptom indicating a placebo-controlled study (8 weeks physical or mental illness (e.g., multiple in 18 healthy men) noted that oral sclerosis, depression) or the result of consumption of spirulina helped disease treatment (e.g., chemotherapy). improve mental and physical fatigue4. Surveys report that 5% to 20% of the general population suffers from this 16

Organic Spirulina THE MOST IDEAL FOOD FOR MANKIND Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 17

Organic Spirulina improves chronic hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus accounts for A randomized, double-blind, comparative study (over a 6-month approximately 15 to 20 percent of period in 66 patients with chronic acute hepatitis cases, and following hepatitis C virus infection) noted acute infection, approximately that spirulina helped improve 50 to 80 percent of patients with viral load, liver function, health- hepatitis C develop chronic infection. related quality of life, and sexual function compared to silymarin5. And patients with chronic hepatitis C are at high risk for life-threatening complications,includinga20%incidence of cirrhosis and a 4% to 5% annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma Epidemiological studies have also shown that hepatitis C is associated with many extrahepatic manifestations, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, glomerular disease, and oral manifestations. 18

Organic Spirulina improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is the most common system abnormalities, and chronic liver disease with a natural ischemic stroke), which are the course that includes NAFLD and cirrhosis and will be the leading leading causes of death in patients cause of liver transplantation by 2030 An interventional study (6 months, The proliferation of sedentary in 14 patients with non-alcoholic lifestyles and poor dietary habits are fatty liver disease) showed that oral the main reasons for the increased consumption of spirulina helped to prevalence, which ranges from 50% reduce aspartate aminotransferase to 75% in type 2 diabetes and up (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), to 80% to 90% in obese patients gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, total In addition, patients are at high cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, insulinresistance,andweightindicators. risk of cardiovascular disease (left ventricular dysfunction, In addition, the mean levels of quality of life, HDL cholesterol, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular hemoglobin were significantly higher6. disease, cardiac conduction 19

CHAMPIONS OF THE EARTH Nutritionist and Medicine 20

SOprgiarnuiclina ameliorate anemia Thalassemia is a group of hereditary Severe may trigger cardiac (dilated cardiomyopathy or rare arrhythmias), blood disorders characterized by hepatic (fibrosis and cirrhosis) and abnormal hemoglobin synthesis endocrine gland (diabetes mellitus, and has three main forms: hypogonadism and parathyroid, severe, intermediate and mild. thyroid, pituitary insufficiency). An interventional study (3 months Patients with thalassemia major, in 60 children with thalassemia however, usually develop severe major) showed that taking spirulina anemia within the first two years of life helped to improve hemoglobin and require regular blood transfusions. levels and overall longitudinal strain in the left ventricle and to reduce Routine transfusion therapy may the number of blood transfusions7. lead to complications associated with iron overload, including developmental delays and failure or delay in sexual maturation. 21

SOprgiarnuiclina improves nutritional status Nutritional status is an important A prospective study (30 days with 50 malnourished African children) factor in maintaining the health of the showed that spirulina significantly elderly and is an important determinant improved the nutritional status of the aging process. Nutritional (including hemoglobin, anemia deficiencies often occur in older and total protein) of the subjects8. adults and indirectly cause a decline in physical status, such as: impaired muscle function, bone loss, immune dysfunction, anemia, cognitive decline, poor wound healing, delayed recovery from surgery, and increased mortality. In addition, malnutrition is a major contributor to stunting and death in children under 5 years of age worldwide, especially in developing countries, where an estimated 140 million children are malnourished. 22

OSprgiarnuiclina increases the body’s ability to detoxify Although the advancement of technology has brought convenience in material life, it has also produced many industrial wastes and toxic substances. These environmental pollutants have become the greatest threat to human health, from the common diarrhea and pneumonia to cardiovascular disease and cancer, all of which may be triggered directly or indirectly by these harmful substances. A systematic review of the literature suggests that spirulina can assist organisms in counteracting the effects of toxic substances (arsenic, carbon tetrachloride, hexachlorocyclohexane), with detoxifying and anti-toxic effects9. 23

Organic Spirulina reduces blood lipid levels Hyperlipidemia is an excess of fat even gradually harden and block, leading to serious diseases such as in the blood, commonly including myocardial infarction and stroke. triglycerides or fats, which tend to A systematic literature accumulate in the walls of blood review and statistical analysis vessels over time, causing them (7 studies with 552 participants) to narrow, lose elasticity, and showed that spirulina has the effect of lowering total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and raising HDL cholesterol10. The underlying mechanism is related to the ability of the phycocyanin protein to slow cholesterol absorption, scavenge free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation, inhibit NADPH oxidase expression, increase superoxide dismutase activity, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cellular factors. 24

Organic Spirulina a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties Oxidative damage can damage your phycocyanin. This antioxidant DNA and cells. This damage can lead substance also gives spirulina to chronic inflammation, which can its unique blue-green color. lead to cancer and other diseases11. Phycocyanin fights free radicals Spirulina is an excellent source and inhibits the production of inflammatory signaling molecules, of antioxidants that protect providing impressive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects12,13,14. against oxidative damage. Its main active ingredient is called 25

Organic Spirulina supports mental health Spirulina is a source of tryptophan. Tryptophan is an amino acid that supports the production of serotonin. Serotonin plays an important role in mental health. People who suffer from certain mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, may have reduced serotonin levels. Taking tryptophan supplements to maintain healthy serotonin levels may play a role in supporting mental health15. 26

Organic Spirulina effectively inhibit cancer Some evidence suggests that In another study of 40 people with spirulina has anti-cancer properties. OSMF, taking 1 gram of spirulina per day The effects of spirulina on oral showed greater improvement in OSMF cancer have been well studied. symptoms than taking pentoxifylline17. One study investigated 87 people from India with oral precancerous lesions - oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF). Among those who took 1 gram of spirulina a day for a year, 45% saw their lesions disappear - compared to 7% of the control group.16 When these people stopped taking spirulina, almost half had their lesions reappear the following year. 27

Organic Spirulina preserve healthy gut Our natural gut flora is vital to our health, for example, supporting our immune system, helping us digest certain foods, and even providing us with nutrients that our bodies cannot synthesize. But for this microbiota to work, we must provide it with the nutrients it needs from the foods we eat. That’s why eating spirulina is beneficial, because studies have shown that spirulina is a good source of nutrients for healthy gut microbes, such as Lactobacillus. A 2017 study on aging mice showed that spirulina may maintain healthy gut bacteria during the aging process18. 28

SOprgiarnuiclina lowers LDL and levels of triglyceride Heart disease is the leading consuming 1 gram of spirulina per day reduced triglycerides by cause of death in the world. 16.3% and “bad” LDL by 10.1%20. Several other studies have also found Many risk factors are associated beneficial effects - albeit at high doses of 4.5-8 grams per day21,22. with an increased risk of developing heart disease. Spirulina has been shown to have a In 2013 researchers found that taking 1 positiveimpactonallofthesefactors.For gram of spirulina per day lowered total example, it can lower total cholesterol, cholesterolinsubjectsafter3months23. “bad” LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while raising “good” HDL cholesterol. In 2016 researchers found that In a study of 25 patients with spirulina was found to significantly type 2 diabetes, taking 2 grams lower total cholesterol and lower of spirulina per day significantly LDL-”bad” cholesterol, while improved these indicators19. increasing HDL-”good” cholesterol24. Another study of people with high cholesterol showed that 29

THE MOST IDEAL AND PERFECT FOOD OF TOMORROW (UNESCO) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 30

References 1. Moradi, Sajjad, et al.“Effects of Spirulina supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.”Complementary therapies in medicine 47 (2019):102211. 2. Lee, Eun Hee, et al. “A randomized study to establish the effects of spirulina in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.” Nutrition Research and Practice 2.4 (2008): 295-300. 3. Cingi, Cemal, et al. “The effects of spirulina on allergic rhinitis.” European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 265.10 (2008): 1219-1223. 4. Johnson, Morgan, et al. “A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study of spirulina supplementation on indices of mental and physical fatigue in men.” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 67.2 (2016): 203-206. 5. Yakoot, Mostafa, and Amel Salem. “Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial.” BMC gastroenterology 12.1 (2012): 1-9. 6. Mazokopakis, Elias E., et al. “The hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation in a Cretan population with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective pilot study.” Annals of gastroenterology: quarterly publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology 27.4 (2014): 387. 7. El-Shanshory, Mohammed, et al. “Cardioprotective effects of spirulina therapy in children with beta-thalassemia major.” Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 41.3 (2019): 202-206. 8. Ahmed, Tanvir, and Nadim Haboubi. “Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health.” Clinical interventions in aging 5 (2010): 207. 9. Martínez-Galero, Elizdath, et al. “Preclinical antitoxic properties of Spirulina (Arthrospira).” Pharmaceutical Biology 54.8 (2016): 1345-1353. 10. Serban, Maria-Corina, et al.“A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations.” Clinical Nutrition 35.4 (2016): 842-851. 11. Reuter, Simone, et al. “Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked?.” Free radical biology and medicine 49.11 (2010): 1603-1616. 12. Shih, Chao-Ming, et al. “Antiinflammatory and antihyperalgesic activity of C-phycocyanin.” Anesthesia & Analgesia 108.4 (2009): 1303-1310. 13. Farooq, Shukkur M., et al. “C-phycocyanin confers protection against oxalate-mediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in MDCK cells.” PloS one 9.4 (2014): e93056. 15. Misbahuddin, Mir, et al. “Efficacy of spirulina extract plus zinc in patients of chronic arsenic poisoning: a randomized placebo-controlled study.” Clinical Toxicology 44.2 (2006): 135-141. 16. Mathew, Babu, et al. “Evaluation of chemoprevention of oral cancer with Spirulina fusiformis.” (1995): 197-202. 17. Mulk, Bhavana Sujana, et al. “Spirulina and pentoxyfilline–A novel approach for treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.” Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR 7.12 (2013): 3048. 18. Neyrinck, Audrey M., et al. “Spirulina protects against hepatic inflammation in aging: An effect related to the modulation of the gut microbiota?.” Nutrients 9.6 (2017): 633. 19. Parikh, Panam, Uliyar Mani, and Uma Iyer. “Role of Spirulina in the control of glycemia and lipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Journal of medicinal food 4.4 (2001): 193-199.

20. Mazokopakis, Elias E., et al. “The hypolipidaemic effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation in a Cretan population: a prospective study.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94.3 (2014): 432-437. 21. Torres-Duran, Patricia V., Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo, and Marco A. Juarez-Oropeza. “Antihyperlipemic and antihypertensive effects of Spirulina maxima in an open sample of Mexican population: a preliminary report.” Lipids in Health and Disease 6.1 (2007): 1-8. 22. Park, Hee Jung, et al. “A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study to establish the effects of spirulina in elderly Koreans.” Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 52.4 (2008): 322-328. 23. Mazokopakis, Elias E., et al. “The hypolipidaemic effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation in a Cretan population: a prospective study.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94.3 (2014): 432-437. 24. Serban, Maria-Corina, et al.“A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations.” Clinical Nutrition 35.4 (2016): 842-851.