Contents 1 What is probiotic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6 early warning signs you need probiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 NHF 18 strains probiotic key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4 Reduce Symptoms of Digestive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5 Boost immune system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6 Helps loose weight & belly fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7 Reduce severity of allergies & eczema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8 Improve mental health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 9 Improve heart health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 10 Fight against urogenital infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 11 Cancer prevention & complementary therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 12 Improve liver functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 13 Detoxify heavy metal & chemical toxins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC wWwhwatC.nihshapfp.rctoeobrmio1.tmicy? 1
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA The bacteria in your body are said to outnumber your body’s cells by 1.5 to 10 times! According to these estimates, you have 39–300 trillion bac- teria living inside you. Much of these bacteria reside in your gut, and the majority are quite harmless. Some are helpful, but a small number of them can cause various diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines probiotics as “live microor- ganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.” Probiotics work in many possible ways, including: • lining the surface of the gastrointestinal tract and stopping harmful organisms from reaching it (competitive exclusion), • strengthening the tissue of the intestinal wall, • acting as antibiotics against other bacteria, .my• regulating the responses of the immune system, both at the level of w.nhf.comthe bowel wall and the body as a whole Gut bacteria benefit the host in a variety of ways, such as regulating gut motility, producing vitamins, transforming bile acid and steroids, metab- olizing xenobiotic substances, absorbing minerals, and activating and wwdestroying toxins, genotoxins, and mutagens. Over 2,000 years ago, the famous Greek Physician Hypocrites declared “All disease begins in the gut.” Fast forward to today, and radical ad- vancements in medicine, imaging technology, and research have reached the same conclusion: Gut health is still UTMOST IMPORTANT! Medical researchers cite as many as 170 medical conditions linked to the health of the gastrointestinal tract! 2
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC ywww.nhf.com.my .mA – Different Probiotic Strains thrive in different parts along human Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.comB- Different Factors influencing colonization of Gut Bacteria www.nhf.com.my 3
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA w6yewoawurC.nlnyehhweadfap.pctrreonrominb2gi.omstiyigcnss 4
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC 1. Antibiotics Use When your doctor prescribes antibiotics, you should self-prescribe probiot- ics! While at times necessary, antibiotics don’t kill just harmful bacteria – they kill good ones too! Put simply, the drugs cannot discern the differ- ence between “good” and “bad” bacteria – so they just eliminate them en masse. www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 5
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA 2. Low Energy / Chronic Fatigue Our digestive system is almost always at work – and therefore, it requires a disproportionate amount of our energy to keep it “humming along.” Also, an imbalance of good gut bacteria makes it harder to digest foods which cause our body to use more energy! Rebalancing your gut bacteria by eliminating hard to digest foods (e.g., dairy, gluten, www.nhf.com.my and sugar) and taking high-quality probiotics yshould produce a noticeable spike in your energy levels! w.nhf.com.m3. Digestive Problems Digestive issues such acid reflux, constipation, diarrhea, and/or nausea may indicate the need for more probiotics in your life! Probiotics may walso decrease the risk of gut conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome w(IBS) and leaky gut. www.nhf.com.my 6
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC 4. Anxiety / Depression Issues The brain has a direct effect on the stomach. A troubled intestine can send signals to the brain, just as a troubled brain can send signals to the gut. Therefore, a person’s stomach or intestinal distress can be the cause or the product of anxiety, stress, or depression. That’s because the brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) system are inti- www.nhf.com.my mately connected. .my5. Skin Problems w.nhf.comMany aspects of this gut-brain-skin unifying theory have recently been vali- dated. The ability of the gut microbiota and oral probiotics to influence systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, glycemic control, tissue lipid content and even mood itself, may have important implications for skin wwhealth. Some studies have shown a relationship between low levels of good bacteria in the gut and the develop- ment of acne, eczema, and skin rashes. In a 2011 study published in the journal Gut Pathology, re- searchers cite evidence www.nhf.com.my derived from other studies that Lactobacillus acidoph- ilus – a particular strain of probiotic – is beneficial for the “gut-brain-skin connection” in acne and skin health [1]. 7
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA 6. Weak Immunity The gut and immune system are inextricably connected. The health of one directly affects the health of the other – for better or for worse. Thus, an unhealthy gut – more specifically, a lack of healthy gut bacteria – can cause us to get sick more frequently. When gut bacteria levels are sta- ble, the risk of disease, infection, and illness are greatly diminished! So, if you find yourself getting sicker easier and more often, try making it a habit of taking a high-quality probiotic and you will very likely to experi- ence a vast improvement! www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 8
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC www.nhf.com.my 9
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.my 10
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC Chapter 3 NHF 18 strains probiotic key features 1. Optimal 18 Strains of Probiotics (25.5 Billions cfu)! One of the yHighest number of strains allowed to be registered with the Malay- .msian National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA). w.nhf.com2. Patented Probiotics Strains used: i. Lactobacillus Casei (PB-LC39) – CCTCC No: M2018886 ii. Lactobacillus Rhamnosus (PB-LR76) – CCTCC No: M2018887 wwiii. Lactobacillus Reuteri (PB-LR09) – CCTCC No: M2018888 iv. Lactobacillus Plantarum (HH-LP56) – CCTCC No: M2019497 3. Advanced High Density Fermentation & Isolation Technology 4. 4-Layers Microencapsulation Technology (Improved Stability, Im proved Acid & Bile Salt Resistance) 5. Targeted Release Technology – Ability to release probiotics at Specific Target Organs 6. Extended Release Technology – Controlled permeability & consis tent release at Target Organs 7. US-FDA Registered Facility, NSF, cGMP, ISO 22000, HACCP & Halal Certifications 11
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA wRDeiwgdewuscC.tnehivShayefp.mDctieposrtmoo4rm.dmseryosf 12
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC Probiotics may help reduce the symptoms of bowel disorders like ulcer- ative colitis, inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) and necrotizing entero- colitis. Incorporation of probiotic bacteria has an ability to stabilize immu- nological barrier in the gut mucosa by declining the generation of local pro-inflammatory cytokines. Potential mechanisms include suppression of growth or epithelial binding and invasion by pathogenic bacteria, pro- duction of antimicrobial substances, improved epithelial barrier function, and immunoregulation [2]. Certain types of probiotics from the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains have improved symptoms in people with mild ulcerative colitis [3]. A systematic review was done using 19 randomised controlled trials, in- volving over 1650 IBS patients. The conclusion was probiotics appear to be efficacious in reducing IBS but they are dose & strain dependant [4]. yProbiotics may also help fight Helicobacter pylori infections, which are one www.nhf.com.mof the main drivers of ulcers and stomach cancer [5]. 13
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.mywww.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 14
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC BwowoswtC.inmhhamfp.uctneoerms5y.smtyem 15
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA Probiotics may help give your immune system a boost and inhibit the growth of harmful gut bacteria. A study discovered that probiotics (Strep- tococcus thermophilus & Lactobacillus acidophilus) interacwt with in- testinal epithelial cells to protect them from the deleterious effect of E. coli via mechanisms that include, but are not limited to, interference with pathogen adhesion and invasion. Probiotics likely also enhance the bar- rier function of naïve epithelial cells not exposed to any pathogen [6]. Also, some probiotics have been shown to promote the production of natu- ral antibodies in the body. They may also boost immune cells like the IgA-producing cells, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells .[7,8] A large scientific review found that taking probiotics reduced the likelihood and duration of respiratory infections [9]. Another study including over 570 children in Finland found that taking Lactobacillus reduced the fre- www.nhf.com.myquency and severity of respiratory infections by 17% .[10] www.nhf.com.my 16
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 17
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA wHwelwpC&s.nlhbhoaefolp.lsctyeeofrwma6te.imghyt 18
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC Research shows a connection between gut microbes and obesity in both infants and adults. It also shows that microbial changes in the gut are a factor in developing obesity as an adult .[11] Probiotics may help with weight loss through a number of different mecha- nisms. For example, some probiotics prevent the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine. The fat is then excreted through feces rather than stored in the body .[12] Probiotics may also help you feel fuller for longer, burn more calories and store less fat. This is partly caused by increasing levels of certain hor- mones, such as GLP-1 .[13] They may also help with weight loss directly. In a double-blind, place- bo-controlled, randomised trial, dieting women who took Lactobacillus rhamnosus for 3 months lost 50% more weight than women who didn’t ytake the probiotic .[14] Another study of 210 people found that taking even .mlow doses of Lactobacillus gasseri for 12 weeks resulted in an 8.5% re- w.nhf.comduction of belly fat .[15] Recent observations implicate an association between dietary compo- nents present in westernized diet, strongly correlated with changes in the gut microbiota and obesity. Changes in gut microbiota can significantly wmodulate the immunological, endocrine, and neurological interrelated wbranches of the gut-brain axis, and affect neurological, metabolic and immunological shifts .[16] www.nhf.com.my 19
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA waRwelldweuCr.cngehhisaefsep.cvt&eoeerrmc7izt.eymmoyaf 20
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC Allergies are misguided reactions of the immune system in response to (what should be harmless) particles. Probiotics treat allergies by healing your damaged digestive system, decreases inflammation, stabilizes your immune system, and strengthens your gut lining. Probiotics modify the structure of antigens, reduce their immunogenicity, intestinal permeabil- ity and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are eminent in patients with a diversity of allergic disorders .[17] Certain probiotic strains may reduce the severity of eczema in children and infants. Lactobacillus and L. rhamnosus are alleviating the symp- toms of food allergies at the same time have significant role in reduction of risk for developing allergic disease. One study found eczema symp- toms improved for infants fed probiotic-supplemented milk, compared to infants fed milk without probiotics .[18] yAnother study followed children of women who took probiotics during .mpregnancy. Those children had an 83% lower risk of developing eczema in the first two years of life .[19] In a double-blind, cross-over study, probi- w.nhf.comotics appear to be able to reduce inflammatory responses in people with milk or dairy allergies .[20] Skin pH increases with age, making it drier and allowing more “bad” bac- teria to grow. UV damage ww from the sun also impairs the skin’s ability to fight free radicals, which are normal byproducts of our bodily metabolic processes that damage our cells. Re- search suggests probiotics feed healthy bacteria to balance the skin’s pH and www.nhf.com.my protect against free radical damage .[21] 21
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.mywww.nhf.com.my 22
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 23
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA ImwpwrowvC.enhmhafep.nctetoarml8h.meaylth 24
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC An increasing number of studies link gut health to mood and mental health. Intake of probiotics may help reduce negative thoughts associ- ated with sad mood. Pro- biotics supplementation emerge as a potential pre- ventive strategy for depres- sion .[22] Both animal and human studies find that probiotic supplements can improve some mental health disor- www.nhf.com.my ders. A comprehensive sci- entific review of 25 animal & 15 human studies found supplementing with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains for 1–2 months can improve yanxiety, depression, autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and .mmemory .[23] w.nhf.comA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed 70 chemical workers for 6 weeks. Those who consumed 100 grams of probiotic yo- gurt per day or took a daily probiotic capsule experienced benefits for general health, depression, anxiety and stress .[24] wwAnother clinical trial demonstrated that taking probiotic supplements for 8 weeks decreased depression levels and reduced levels of C-reactive protein (a marker of inflammation) and hormones such as insulin, com- pared to people who did not take a probiotic .[25] In Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), gut bacteria possibly communicate with the central nervous system through neural, endocrine and immune pathways to influence brain function and behavior. Overgrowth of Clos- tridia and a decrease in Bifidobacteria could be involved in ASD patho- genesis .[26] Therefore, Bifidobacteria supplementation may be effective in decreasing the severity of ASD children. 25
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.mywww.nhf.com.my 26
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 27
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA IwmpwrwoCv.nhehahfep.caterortm9h.emalyth 28
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC Probiotics may help keep your heart healthy by lowering LDL (“bad”) cho- lesterol and blood pressure. The cholesterol levels can be cut down direct or indirect by using probiotics. Direct mechanism involves inhibi- tion of denovo synthesis or decrease in the intestinal absorption of di- etary cholesterol. The decrease in dietary cholesterol retention can be diminished by three ways -assimilation, binding or by degradation. Probiotic strains absorb the choles- terol for their own particular digestion. Probiotic strains can attach to the choles- terol particle, and they are capable for debasing cholesterol to its catabolic yproducts .[27] w.nhf.com.mCertain lactic acid-producing bacteria may reduce cholesterol by breakingwww.nhf.com.my down bile in the gut .[28] Bile, a naturally occurring fluid mostly made of cholesterol, helps digestion. By breaking down bile, probiotics can pre- vent it from being reabsorbed in the gut, where it can enter the blood as cholesterol .[29] wwA review of 5 studies found that eating a probiotic yogurt for 2–8 weeks reduced total cholesterol by 4% and LDL cholesterol by 5% .[30] The cho- lesterol removing ability of Lactobacillus isolates was assessed in vitro and in vivo mechanisms. Particularly, Lactobacillus pentosus LP05, L. brevis LB32, L. reuteri and L. plantarum exhibited powerful capabilities .[31] Consuming probiotics may also lower blood pressure. A review of 9 stud- ies found that probiotic supplements reduce blood pressure .[32] In order to experience any benefits related to blood pressure, supplementation had to exceed 8 weeks and 10 million colony-forming units (CFUs) daily. 29
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.myFigure: The effect of probiotics on (A) systolic blood pressure and (B) diastolic blood pressure. www.nhf.com.my 30
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC uwrowgFweCign.nhhitahtapfal.tgcienaorfimn1e0cs.ttmioyns 31
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA Bacterial vaginosis is an abnormal vaginal condition that is characterized by vaginal discharges and results from an overgrowth of atypical bacte- ria in the vagina. A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection involving the kid- neys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. Urogenital infection is oc- curs due to change in vag- inal environmental in which Lactobacilli decrease in www.nhf.com.my concentrations or absent. Lactobacillus spp, are the prominent microbial factors that governs the presence, growth, coloni- yzation and persistence of nonendogenous microorganisms in vagina. As .mthe Lactobacillus spp. count decreases, the protection provided by them w.nhf.comagainst uropathogens also decreases. In clinical trials, Probiotic capsules for example Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus ther- mophilus are effectiveness for recurrent bacterial vaginosis prevention ww.[33,34] The principal mechanisms by which Lactobacilli exert their protective func- tions in urogenital health care are: 1. Stimulation of the immune system. 2. Competition with other microorganisms for nutrients and for adherence to the vaginal epithelium, urinary and vaginal tract cells. 3. Reduction of the vaginal pH by the production of organic acids, espe- cially lactic acid. 4. Production of antimicrobial substances and competitive exclusion Inhibi- tor production, such as bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide. 32
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC wC&awcnwocC.metnhrphhaplefperr.tcmeaeovrepmney1nt1.atmrioyyn 33
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA Goldin and Gorbach (Finnish researchers) were among the first to demon- strate the association between a diet enriched with Lactobacillus and a reduced incidence of colon cancer (40% vs. 77% in controls) .[35] Probi- otics have been gaining much attention due to their ability to modulate cancer cell’s proliferation and apoptosis, investigated both in vitro & in vivo .[36] Gut microbiota is engaged in a variety of pathways, which are considered to play a central role in that process. Primarily, probiotic bacteria play an essential role in the pres- ervation of homeostasis, maintaining sustainable physicochemical condi- w.nhf.com.mywww.nhf.com.my tions in the colon. Probiotic strains are also responsible for maintaining the balance between the quantity of other participants of natu- ral intestinal microflora and their metabolic activity .[36] Another cancer-preventing strategy involving probiotic bacteria, chiefly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacillus strains, could be linked to the binding wwand degradation of potential carcinogens. Mutagenic compounds as- sociated with the increased risk of colon cancer are commonly found in unhealthy food, especially fried meat. Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain by human volunteers alleviated the mutagenic effect of diet rich in cooked meat, which resulted in a decreased urinary and fecal excretion of het- erocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) .[37] Probiotic strains have the ability to regulate the production of anti-inflam- matory cytokines as well as modulate secretion of prostaglandins, which altogether projects on suppression of carcinogenesis. Another strategy involves activation of phagocytes by certain probiotic strains, leading to direct elimination of early-stage cancer cells .[38] In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possible application 34
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC of probiotics as a part of combination therapy with conventional treat- ment of cancer. The most recent experiments on mice have illustrated the key role of gut microbiota (Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium) in an- ti-PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1) and anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lym- phocyte-associated protein 4) therapies .[39] Immunomodulatory effect was exhibited in intensified activation of dendritic cells and also promotion of antitumor T cell response. Essentially, scien- tists observed a similar improvement of tumor control as a result of Bi- fidobacterium treatment alone compared to anti–PD-L1 therapy, whereas combination of both strategies was sufficient to nearly eliminate tumor outgrowth .[40] Dietary administration of Bifidobacterium longum had significant suppres- sion of colon tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity and tumor volume. It ywas suggested that oral supplement of B. longum exerted strong antitu- .mmor activity, as modulation of the intermediate biomarkers of colon can- www.nhf.comcer indicated antimutagenic effects .[41] www.nhf.com.my 35
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.mywww.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 36
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC wwImwCfp.nhurnahocpvf.tteceioorlnmi1vs2e.mr y 37
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA Microflora resident in intestinal lumen plays a significant role in hepato- cytes (liver) functions. Alterations to the type and amount of microorgan- isms that live in the intestinal tract can result in serious and harmful liver dysfunctions such as cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, and hepatic encephalopathy .[42] Probiotics are useful in the treatment of chronic liver diseases as they block entry of microorganisms to blood flow and ultimately to liver by increasing the strength of intestinal barrier .[43] Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, with a randomized clinical design, showed impressive results in improving liver amino-transferases levels in patients with NAFLD .[44] www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 38
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC DewtwcoxhwCeif.mnhyiahhcpfae.taclevtoryom1xm3.ienmtsayl & 39
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA Dietary exposure to heavy metals has detrimental effects on human and animal health, even at low concentrations. L. rhamnosus was was found to bind cadmium and lead efficiently at the low concentration ranges commonly observed in foods .[45] On the other hand, L. plantarum alleviated cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in human intestinal cells and mice in the laboratory .[46] L. plantarum also protected against aluminum toxicity in mice, possibly by reducing intesti- nal aluminum absorption and tissue accumulation and ameliorating liver damage, kidney, and brain oxidative stress .[47] L. casei and L. helveticus may bind to and inacti- www.nhf.com.myman cells .[49] vate heterocyclic aromatic www.nhf.com.my amines (HACs), the most abundant mutagens in fried red meat, decreasing their concentration and their toxicity .[48] L. casei also demonstrated the ability to decrease the cytotoxic ef- fects of pesticides on hu- L. casei & L. reuteri supplementation reduced the level of aflatoxin in blood and improved the adverse effects of aflatoxin on body weight and blood parameters in rats .[50] In one clinical study, a fermented milk drink con- taining L. casei appeared to reduce aflatoxin toxicity in 71 healthy human volunteers .[51] 40
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 41
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 42
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC www.nhf.com.my www.nhf.com.my 43
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA www.nhf.com.my 44
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC www.nhf.com.my 45
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA References 1. Bowe WP, Logan AC. Acne vulgaris, probiotics and the gut-brain- skin axis - back to the future? Gut Pathog. 2011 Jan 31;3(1):1. 2. Momir MM, Maja PS, Gordana MB. Probiotics as a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Hospital Pharmacology - International Multidisciplinary Journal. 2014;1(1):52-60. 3. Saez-Lara MJ, Gomez-Llorente C, Plaza-Diaz J, Gil A. The role of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and other related diseases: a systematic review of randomized human clinical trials. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:505878. 4. Moayyedi P, Ford AC, Talley NJ, Cremonini F, Foxx-Orenstein AE, yBrandt LJ, Quigley EM. The efficacy of probiotics in the treatment .mof irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Gut. 2010 w.nhf.comMar;59(3):325-32 5. Ruggiero P. Use of probiotics in the fight against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2014 Nov 15;5(4):384-91. 6. Resta-Lenert S, Barrett KE. Live probiotics protect intestinal wwepithelial cells from the effects of infection with enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). Gut. 2003 Jul;52(7):988-97. 7. Reid G, Jass J, Sebulsky MT, McCormick JK. Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Oct;16(4):658- 72. 8. Ouwehand AC, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Probiotics: an overview of beneficial effects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002 Aug;82(1-4):279- 89. PMID: 12369194. 9. Hao Q, Dong BR, Wu T. Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 3;(2):CD006895. 10. Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Pönkä A, Meurman JH, Poussa T, Näse L, 46
18 STRAINS PROBIOTIC Saxelin M, Korpela R. Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial. BMJ. 2001 Jun 2;322(7298):1327. 11. Abenavoli L, Scarpellini E, Colica C, Boccuto L, Salehi B, Sharifi- Rad J, Aiello V, Romano B, De Lorenzo A, Izzo AA, Capasso R. Gut Microbiota and Obesity: A Role for Probiotics. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2690. 12. Hamad EM, Sato M, Uzu K, Yoshida T, Higashi S, Kawakami H, Kadooka Y, Matsuyama H, Abd El-Gawad IA, Imaizumi K. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 influences adipocyte size via inhibition of dietary fat absorption in Zucker rats. Br J Nutr. 2009 Mar;101(5):716-24. 13. Yadav H, Lee JH, Lloyd J, Walter P, Rane SG. Beneficial metabolic yeffects of a probiotic via butyrate-induced GLP-1 hormone secretion. J .mBiol Chem. 2013 Aug 30;288(35):25088-97. w.nhf.com14. Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady-Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E, Ngom-Bru C, Berger B, Philippe L, Ammon-Zuffrey C, Leone P, Chevrier G, St-Amand E, Marette A, Doré J, Tremblay A. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on wweight loss and maintenance in obese men and women. Br J Nutr. w2014 Apr 28;111(8):1507-19. 15. Kadooka Y, Sato M, Ogawa A, Miyoshi M, Uenishi H, Ogawa H, Ikuyama K, Kagoshima M, Tsuchida T. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in fermented milk on abdominal adiposity in adults in a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2013 Nov 14;110(9):1696-703. 16. Ochoa-Repáraz J, Kasper LH. The Second Brain: Is the Gut Microbiota a Link Between Obesity and Central Nervous System Disorders?. Curr Obes Rep. 2016;5(1):51-64. doi:10.1007/s13679-016- 0191-1 17. Shyamala R, Gowri P, Meenambigai P, et al. Probiotics and its effects on human health-A Review. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 47
THE LEGEND OF THE IMMORTAL BACTERIA 2016;5(4):384-92. 18. Isolauri E, Arvola T, Sütas Y, Moilanen E, Salminen S. Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Nov;30(11):1604-10. 19. Rautava S, Kainonen E, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and breast-feeding reduces the risk of eczema in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Dec;130(6):1355-60. 20. Pelto L, Isolauri E, Lilius EM, Nuutila J, Salminen S. Probiotic bacteria down-regulate the milk-induced inflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive subjects but have an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Dec;28(12):1474-9. y21. Mary-Margaret Kober, Whitney P. Bowe, The effect of probiotics .mon immune regulation, acne, and photoaging, International Journal of Women’s Dermatology, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 85-89, ISSN w.nhf.com2352-6475 22. Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, van Hemert S, Bosch JA, Colzato LS. A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain Behav Immun. ww2015 Aug;48:258-64. 23. Wang H, Lee IS, Braun C, Enck P. Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Oct 30;22(4):589-605. 24. Mohammadi AA, Jazayeri S, Khosravi-Darani K, Solati Z, Mohammadpour N, Asemi Z, Adab Z, Djalali M, Tehrani-Doost M, Hosseini M, Eghtesadi S. The effects of probiotics on mental health and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in petrochemical workers. Nutr Neurosci. 2016 Nov;19(9):387-395. 25. Akkasheh G, Kashani-Poor Z, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, et al. Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with 48
Search
