Manufacturing Matters Issue 4, October 2020

October 2020 | Issue 4 A publication of the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology FEATURE THE NEW (DIGITAL) NORMAL PRECISION MATTERS ENTEGRIS AND SIMTech LAUNCH JOINT LAB SUCCESS STORY HOUSING INSPECTION WITH HIGH-ENERGY 3D X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM SKILLS MATTERS UPSKILL WITH SGUNITED SKILLS (SGUS) PROGRAMME

FEATURE NOTE FROM EDITOR... THE NEW (DIGITAL) NORMAL Dear Friends and Industry Partners Upskilling key personnel in the world of digital transformation is the way to go forward Digitisation transforms the way businesses interact with customers Headquartered in Japan, Iwatani Corporation is a multinational corporation and operate internal processes. The (MNC) that has a presence in Singapore, providing gas and energy services unprecedented global outbreak of to the semiconductor, pharmaceutical, medical and industrial sectors COVID-19 has highlighted the urgent in Singapore and across the region. To unlock new business growth and need for digitisation and accelerated the achieve sustainable competitive advantage, amongst the steps initiated push for digital transformation for many by the company, Iwatani Corporation Singapore has engaged SIMTech to businesses in order to survive this crisis. embark on its digital transformation journey in May 2020. From remote workforce management, e-commerce and contactless payment With the rise of Industry 4.0, Iwatani aims to leverage digital technologies to digitalised inventory management, to improve and future-proof its business in this digital age. With that in this pandemic has further reinforced the mind, Iwatani sent a total of 5 personnel to receive training under SIMTech’s value of digitisation to businesses. Digital Transformation and Innovation™ (DTI™) Programme. Understanding the importance of The Digital Transformation Journey digitisation in business growth, Through the DTI™ Programme, Iwatani’s personnel gained insight into the Iwatani Corporation, a multinational development of business objective-driven roadmap of various process corporation (MNC) with a presence in and technology opportunities through strategic methodology. These Singapore, engaged Singapore Institute opportunities span the shop floor, enterprise and supply chain processes. of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), a research institute of the Agency for For instance, at the shop floor where critical information is often manually Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), to embark on its digital transformation journey. Under the SIMTech-developed Digital Transformation and Innovation™ (DTI™) Programme, a joint initiative by SIMTech and the SkillsFuture Singapore (SSG) Agency, key personnel of Iwatani Corporation were trained and guided to be Digital Transformers in leveraging digital technologies to accelerate business model changes and achieve meaningful digital transformation. Read up more on Iwatani’s DTI™ Programme journey in our Feature section. Ms Yap Yi Jin Editor, Manufacturing Matters Email: [email protected] 2 MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

FEATURE Through the DTI programme, Iwatani has learnt the knowledge and digitalisation skills for its business growth. Taking this opportunity, we aim to enhance customer satisfaction and contribute to the society by further promoting digitalisation and automation Mr Hiroshi Murata, Managing Director, Iwatani Corporation logged and stored, digitising data mitigation technique Failure Mode and analytics, better customer satisfaction logging will help to improve work Effects Analysis (FMEA), and problem from value-added gas purity analytical efficiency, data accuracy and traceability solving tool 8D, in its preparation for services, better delivery performance for customer queries and audits. Data will international certifications that are from improved tracking and digitised also be available for future data mining, pre-requisites for certain new market delivery-related processes. which can be used for improvement segments. opportunities to the shop floor process, The DTI™ Programme has successfully leading to improved quality and customer Benefits equipped key staff from Iwatani’s satisfaction. Iwatani has seen an increase in Industrial Gas Division with productivity by 20 per cent through underpinning key knowledge and skills Other key opportunities include the digitising paper-based forms. During to continue its journey in growing its automation of tracking key inventories the DTI™ Programme, Iwatani studied business further in the current and new in the factory, which can in turn help their Business Model Canvas closely and markets through its people, processes to maintain or improve the delivery uncovered their key value propositions. and technology. performance with more efficient use This allows the company to venture into of inventory. The automation of billing a new customer segment – Medical For enquiries, please contact process can also reduce manpower Technology, which leads to a 10 per cent Mr Rick Yeo, Director, MPTC for this tedious process, freeing up the increase in sales. Email: [email protected] manpower for other higher value-added Web: www.a-star.edu.sg/SIMTech-MPTC activities. The company also saw a further levelling up of employees from its already lean Scan for more information on Additionally, the implementation workforce. They have shown improved Manufacturing Productivity of information system integrated to ownership and action-oriented mindset Technology Centre Analytical Lab will enhance value-added in the digitalisation journey to better services for customers where quality support the company’s business goals. assurance and fast turnaround analytical capability is of utmost importance. Some projected benefits include increased revenue from expanded The team also gained early exposure customer segments from a more focused to some practical tools such as the risk sales force and improved customer 3MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

SUCCESS STORY XH-ORUASYICNOGMINPSUPTEECDTTIOONMOWGITRHAPHHIGYHS-YESNTEERMGY 3D Finding the right tool through Tech Access Specialising in manufacturing insert In order to view the internal features of use these internal images to locate the mouldings for automotive safety sensors the plastic housing, Sanwa-Intec (Asia) voids / leak path inside the housing. components, Sanwa-Intec (Asia) Pte Ltd worked with SIMTech through Tech Based on the results, Sanwa-Intec’s had to identify a possible void or leak Access to access the High-Energy 3D engineers were able to rectify the issue, path during the early stage of a project X-Ray Computed Tomography System improve the quality and design of their which involved Computed Tomography (HECT) to perform non-destructive product. (CT) scan of housing component for scanning of plastic housing samples. airbag sensor component. The HECT system was used to scan each However, Sanwa-Intec (Asia) faced a sample from different orientations to problem – conventional 2D scans could produce 3D X-Ray CT images. The 3D only visualise the internal features by X-Ray CT scans show the location and slicing from one perspective. As such, size of voids on the internal portion of the engineers were unable to identify the plastic housing sample. Engineers the exact location of the voids within from Sanwa-Intec (Asia) were able to the plastic housing. sNoomt oencloynftoinr unoeuwspimropjeroctvse,m3DenXt-RparoygCrTasmcamnessatrheautsreefquul iirne the study of internal features Ms Hla Myint Zu, Customer Quality Engineer, Sanwa-Intec (Asia) Pte Ltd For more enquiries, please contact Ms Charlotte Lim, at [email protected] 4 MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

PRECISION MATTERS ENTEGRIS AND SIMTECH LAUNCH JOINT LAB Public-private partnership to create new possibilities through innovation in additive manufacturing Entegris, a supplier of advanced Combining a deep understanding of fundamental materials and process solutions for materials properties with models of novel design the semiconductor and other high- configurations, we will enable new products with technology industries, is collaborating unique performance characteristics with SIMTech to establish its first joint research laboratory in Singapore. The Mr James A O’Neill, Ph.D., Chief Technology Officer, Entegris laboratory will serve as a technology center where Entegris will explore capabilities for developing new products using 3D printing technologies with state-of-the-art modelling and simulation. This joint collaboration aims to develop products through 3D printing. Such A*STAR’s National Metrology Centre additive manufacturing technologies, research could identify ways to (NMC); and next generation modelling in particular powder-bed binder-jetting overcome the current design constraints and simulation capabilities with Ansys, and selective laser melting processes, to in traditional manufacturing and lead to Inc., ESSS North America Inc., and CAD- improve Entegris’product performance. discoveries in 3D printing that benefit a IT Consultants (Asia) Pte Ltd. The partnership will help to build up the wide range of industries in addition to local Research and Development (R&D) the semiconductor industry, including For enquiries, please contact ecosystem of undertaking the new the aerospace, medical and energy Mr Tan Chee Tat, Director, PE COI additive manufacturing technologies, industries. Email: [email protected] to produce high-value added products The research collaboration also includes Web: www.a-star.edu.sg/SIMTech-PECOI in Singapore. Entegris can undertake cooperative efforts with several leading high-mix, low-volume production after global technology companies and Scan for more information process and product development, research consortia. These collaborations on Precision Engineering creating a complete local ecosystem will enable Entegris to explore the use Centre of Innovation for production of high value-added of novel materials with Hitachi Metals, products. The Entegris Additive Ltd; state-of-the-art characterisation Manufacturing Center of Excellence techniques with Professional Testing will also be set up through the Entegris- Services (PTS); traceable measurement SIMTech Joint Lab. methods and reference standards with By working with SIMTech, Entegris will have the opportunity to investigate emerging market opportunities to support 3D printing technologies. The company will utilise its advanced materials science expertise to research the characterisation of metal powders and redesign of novel metal-based 5MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

SUSTAINABILITY MATTERS ORGAN-ON-A-CHIP TECHNOLOGIES FOR A PARADIGM SHIFT IN ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT TESTING A skin-on-a-chip model has been developed for cost-effective automated skin permeation studies With a growing understanding of human Using microfluidics and miniaturisation overview and an analysis of organ-on- biology, along with increased availability capabilities, SIMTech researchers a-chip technologies. The course will be of innovative technologies, there is managed to develop a permeation conducted by international leaders in now an unprecedented opportunity to array (mFPA) for cost-effective organ-on-a-chip research, innovation, translate scientific discoveries into the automated skin permeation studies. and commercialisation. latest, more effective and safer health This skin-on-a-chip model has been interventions. validated against Franz cells which For more information, please visit integrates skin culture and testing, to https://www.a-star.edu.sg/simtech/ Organ-on-a-chip is an innovative, develop more realistic tissue models kto/masterclasses/organ-on-a-chip- alternative approach that would by mimicking the in vivo environment. technologies enable early indications and potentially This automated system is more reliable more reliable readouts of toxicity and and efficient, and offers a higher Organ-on-a-chip is efficacy for biological product testing. throughput than existing methods also proven to be It recapitulates the multicellular available in the market. The system useful for modeling architectures, tissue-tissue interfaces, has been validated for permeation human diseases physicochemical microenvironments, and irritation tests. A pilot project vascular perfusion and innervation, with a leading skincare multinational For enquiries, please contact producing in essence microphysiological corporation (MNC) has been Dr Ng Sum Huan Gary, Deputy Director, SEAC systems that mimic human tissue and successfully carried out. Email: [email protected] organ functionality. This would not Web: www.a-star.edu.sg/SIMTech/SEAC possible with the conventional 2D or 3D To increase awareness in the area of culture systems. organ-on-a-chip/skin-on-a-chip, a masterclass will be held this month. The In the context of drug discovery and MasterClass will touch on the ongoing development, it is valuable for the efforts and various applications of investigation of molecular mechanisms, organ-on-a-chip technologies in prioritisation of lead candidates, toxicity advanced biological product testing. testing, and biomarker identification. It aims to provide participants from industries, government laboratories and academia, with a state-of-the-art Scan for more information on Sustainability & Emerging Applications Centre 6 MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

INDUSTRY ALLIANCE JOIN THE INNOVATION FACTORY @ SIMTECH Creating design possibilities Innovation is critical for businesses to Factory @ SIMTech is here to help SMEs experts who can assist companies in move up the value chain and sharpen migrate from component and module their innovation and productisation their global competitiveness. However, manufacturers to product owners, journey. for local Small and Medium Enterprises allowing them to venture into higher (SMEs) in particular, limited resources value markets. Once a company is ready to scale up and cost challenges can deter them from production for its newly developed investing in Research and Development The Innovation Factory provides product, it could move from the (R&D). support in four main stages: Ideation, Innovation Factory @ SIMTech to the Design, Engineering and Application complementary Model Factory @ As such, SIMTech, in partnership with (IDEA). As a co-working space for local A*STAR to manufacture the product Enterprise Singapore (ESG), spearheaded companies, it enables them to ideate using the most suitable smart a new initiative, Innovation Factory @ and design their own unique products. manufacturing solutions. SIMTech. The Innovation Factory @ SIMTech not only provides equipment and software Standing at a floor area of about 1,400 Aiming to be a one-stop design and tools for prototyping, but also has sq ft, the pilot set-up is now fully solution centre for SMEs, Innovation readily-available design and technology operational at the SIMTech Valley Block, located at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU). A full-scale version is slated to open at CleanTech Park in the Jurong Innovation District in 2021. Join us at the Innovation Factory @ SIMTech! For more information, visit www.a-star.edu.sg/SIMTech/ innovation-factory For enquiries, please contact Mr Rayner Ng, Deputy Director, IF Email: [email protected] 7MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

SKILLS MATTERS UPSKILL WITH SGUNITED SKILLS (SGUS) PROGRAMME Skills upgrading pathways to support Singaporeans adversely affected by COVID-19 To support reskilling and upskilling of workers and with Process Digitalisation, Digital Transformation jobseekers, the SGUnited Skills (SGUS) programme was & Innovation™, Industrial Automation, Operation rolled out under the SGUnited Jobs and Skills Package Management & Innovation, and Smart Machining & announced by Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat Digitalisation. in May this year. The duration for each course is nine months and trainees The SGUS programme offers training opportunities will receive certifiable WSQ Statement of Attainments that will equip trainees with industry-relevant and and/or Graduate Diploma in Precision Engineering work-ready skills to enhance their employability. (for four of our courses). To facilitate their transition This programme will support up to 30,000 jobseekers to employment as and when job opportunities arise, (Source: Support for local jobseekers through SGUnited the SGUS programme will be conducted in a modular Jobs and Skills Package, Ministry of Manpower, May format. Trainees will also receive a training allowance 2020). of $1,200 per month for the duration of the programme SIMTech’s Knowledge Transfer Office (KTO) has to cover basic subsistence expenses. Course fees are partnered with SkillsFuture Singapore (SSG) to highly subsidised to keep SGUS programme affordable. provide seven full-time Train & Place courses started Individuals can also use their SkillsFuture Credit to in August 2020. The seven courses include: Additive offset their course fees. Manufacturing, Advanced Welding Technologies For more information, please visit https://www.a-star. Robotised Processes, Data-driven Surface Engineering edu.sg/SIMTech/kto/sgunited-skills-programme Here are some comments from our participants and trainers: An exciting learning journey together with Being a NHB-nominated Intangible Culture Heritage person, with my expertise on SIMTech’s scientists, their unique practical musical instruments fabrication & acoustics design, I am delighted to say the SGUS ‘hands-on’ online sessions as well as training at course is useful for me. I could learn something about the concept of manufacturing, their SMART Model Factory using their patented improve my productivity and business management skills. Digital Transformation & Innovation™ (DTI™) methodology Although I am already over 60 years old, but the Government always encourage us to never stop learning new things, this would increase our chances of being Mr David Ong, Participant of SIMTech’s SGUS-DTI™ re-employed, and also find more reliable judgment in our future. Thanks to SGUS I am very grateful for this SGUS opportunity to Mr Ng Teck Seng, Participant of SIMTech’s SGUS-DTI™ contribute to our society and help our fellow Singaporeans and SPRs in upskilling for a better The SGUS-DTI™ program was organised very quickly to help our fellow country folks future, and truly appreciate the great team in these trying times. I am so pleased that I can be part of this timely and meaningful effort in making this a success! project. Mr Ma Bin, Course Leader I am very glad to see the enthusiasm to learn, and open-mindedness amongst the participants. I hope they will gain some insights into digitalisation and use the knowledge in seeking their next career Mr Lim Yi Yung, Trainer Find out more about our SGUS Programme on the next page. For enquiries, please contact: Dr Fannon Lim, Deputy Director, Knowledge Transfer Office Email: [email protected] Web: www.a-star.edu.sg/SIMTech/KTO 8 MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

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RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT PAVING THE WAY FOR BETTER 3D PRINTING 3D Printing Solution for Lightweight Design Electron Beam Melting (EBM) can mechanical testing reveals that the With the expansion of the EBM print 3D objects of complex shapes computer-optimised design is less stiff application, both the automotive and and designs. Its unique function of than the conventional design—and aerospace industry can benefit greatly. preheating the powder bed layer by while the conventional design is strong layer, at elevated temperatures, lowers enough to withstand a maximum load residual stress and reduces the need for of over ten tons of weight, the computer- support structures. This makes EBM very optimised design is only able to bear 73 suitable for the fabrication of lightweight per cent of the maximum load. designs. However, it is unknown whether Further clarification suggests that and how the process of EBM can affect the designer needs to consider the the final products’ performance. properties under as-built conditions, To address this, SIMTech researchers rather than using the standard computer experimentally analysed a lightweight- models that assume constant material designed component as a guideline properties regardless of thickness. A for designing complex EBM built trade-off between finer microstructure parts. The research team applied the in the thinner EBM built samples and EBM technique to manufacture two the contribution of rough surfaces that car suspension wishbones, one using weakened the metal structure is also conventional design and the other with observed. thinner, computer-optimised walls. Our findings indicate that any new EBM Experimental studies reveal that the designs involving thin walls and struts geometrically complex lightweight need careful attention and testing before component can be successfully mass production. By using updated fabricated with high density and good simulation software with consideration reproducibility. The EBM-fabricated of these limitations, SIMTech can provide wishbones have a weight reduction a new solution for lightweight design of 38.6 per cent, which is close to the with desirable mechanical properties. designed value of 41 per cent. However, For more information, please contact Dr Wang Pan, Metal Ceramic Group at [email protected] 11MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

PAST EVENTS Events were organised to engage the industry and forge partnerships SEAC Conference, 23-24 September 2020 The Sustainability and Emerging Applications Centre’s (SEAC) inaugural conference was a success. In view of the current restrictions of organising a physical event, the conference was conducted online. Spread over two days, the conference attracted close to 100 attendees each day. The focus for Day 1 of the conference was microfluidics. Local partners and collaborators were invited to share about their development and successful deployment of microfluidics technology for Rapid Testing of COVID-19, Precision Medicine, Digital PCR, as well as Organ-on-chip for biomimetic testing. Day 2 of the conference saw Printed Sensor & Electronics Technology for Smart Wearable Applications being featured as the main topic. Besides local speakers, international speakers from the United States were also invited to share on smart wearable technologies. 12 MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

UPCOMING CIPs Collaborative Industry Projects (CIPs), initiatives, programmes and ready-to-go technologies are available to assist industry Real-time Dashboard A real-time dashboard that is customised to suit the company needs and to connect to multiple sources for congregation and analysis of real-time data. For enquiries, please contact Mr Gary Kwok at [email protected] Inventory Planning This programme aims to facilitate the decision-making and development of inventory policy to control rightsized inventory with the evolution of data & analytics techniques to maximise inventory performance. For enquiries, please contact Mr Chai Lai Sing at [email protected] Advanced Machining Dynamics Analysis Energy Efficiency Monitoring and Technology for Productivity and Quality Analysis System (E2MAS) Improvement This programme helps companies implement Energy This programme aims to improve the machining productivity Efficiency Monitoring and Analysis System (E2MAS) to assess and quality of local manufacturing industry in precision the equipment’s energy usage in real-time and identify machining of steel and non-ferrous metals through technology hotspots of excessive energy usage. These hotspots can then transfer and customisation. be analysed to derive quantifiable energy improvement. For enquiries, please contact Dr Sun Zheng at For enquiries, please contact Mr Joshua Thong at [email protected] [email protected] Collection & Delivery Management Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) System (CDMS) This programme helps resource owners identify hidden This programme aims to equip companies with a real-time capacities of their machines to improve manufacturing collection and delivery management solution with Cloud-based productivity. By analysing the OEE losses such as machine Mobile Apps to support courier/logistics industries in service breakdown, machine slow-down and scrap parts, a improvement at reduced cost and time to achieve information manufacturing company can optimise the OEE of their accuracy, process efficiency and resource optimisation. existing equipment. For enquiries, please contact Mr Chai Lai Sing at For enquiries, please contact Dr Zhou Junhong at [email protected] [email protected] Manpower Scheduling System (MSS) Last Mile Logistics This programme aims to equip companies with a manpower scheduling solution that enables users to create schedules A planning and tracking solution to improve the management with one click, reassign tasks effortlessly and share of drivers/vehicles to effectively meet customer-imposed scheduling changes with employees instantly. pickup and delivery requirements amidst resource contraints. For enquiries, please contact Mr Chua Tay Jin at For enquiries, please contact Mr Gary Kwok at [email protected] [email protected] 13MANUFACTURING MATTERS | October 2020

EVENTS UPCOMING ACTIVITIES SIMTech-SSG Graduation Ceremony 2020 25 November 2020 | 6.30pm - 7.45pm | Zoom In partnership with SkillsFuture Singapore (SSG), the 9th edition of SIMTech-SSG Graduation Ceremony will go virtual this year. This by-invitation event will expect a record high of about 800 graduands. Last year, the joint-effort witnessed 652 graduands from 17 Workforce Skills Qualifications (WSQ) Training Programmes, consisting of 16 full qualification participants and the rest of the modular course participants from 163 companies. For enquiries, please contact Dr Fannon Lim at [email protected] Watch this space for more exciting upcoming events for 2020! Scan for more events COURSES ILnedvuelstry 4.0 CyberSecurity Management For C-Suite PE WSQ Graduate Diploma in Additive Manufacturing 4 November 2020 | 9.00am - 6.00pm | On-line Training Module 2: Powder-bed Additive Manufacturing Processes for Complex Functional Metallic Components PE WSQ Graduate Diploma in Advance Welding 5 January 2021 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training or Technologies SIMTech Premises Module 1: Design Arc Welding TPeEcWhnSoQloGgraiedsuate Diploma in Advance Welding 5 November 2020 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training Module 3: Review High Speed Laser Welding and Additive I-LEAN Manufacturing 12 January 2021 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training or 6 November 2020 | 8.30am - 12.30pm | On-line Training SIMTech Premises PMraesdtiecrtcivlaes&s iPnrSeuscprpiplytiCvheaAinnaAlnyatilcystics – Descriptive, PE WSQ Graduate Diploma in Industrial Automation 16 November 2020 | 8.30am - 5.30pm | Fusionopolis 2 Module 4: Automation Design and Simulation 17 February 2021 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training or PE WSQ Graduate Diploma in Industrial Automation SIMTech Premises Module 1: Automation Design and Simulation PE WSQ Graduate Diploma in Mechatronics 18 November 2020 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training Module 1: Design Precision Machines PPEroWceSsQseUsnderstand the Microfluidics Manufacturing 12 January 2021 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training or SIMTech Premises 18 November 2020 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training PE WSQ Dimensional Measurements and Metrology 18 November 2020 | 6.30pm - 9.30pm | On-line Training M(Sa&sOtPe)rcPlarossceinssMToasAtleigrinngStSraalteesgaiensdTOopOepreartaiotinosnPallanning For course details and registration, please visit https://www.a-star.edu.sg/SIMTech/KTO Excellence For general enquiries, please contact Tel: 6590 3193 or 19 November 2020 | 8.30am - 5.30pm | Fusionopolis 2 email: [email protected] Scan for more courses Editorial Committee About SIMTech Dr John Yong Advisor The vision of the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech) is a world-class innovation partner in Ms Yap Yi Jin Editor advanced manufacturing technologies, systems and capabilities. It develops targeted high-value manufacturing Dr Goh Kiah Mok Member technologies and human capital to enhance the competitiveness of Singapore’s manufacturing industry. It collaborates Mr Joshua Thong Member with multinational and local companies in the precision engineering, medtech, aerospace, automotive, marine, oil & Ms Charlotte Lim Member gas, electronics, semiconductor, logistics, and other sectors. Ms Connie Ng Member Ms Nurul Ain Designer SIMTech is a research institute of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). We are committed to serving the manufacturing industry to develop the human, intellectual, and industrial capital in Singapore. 14All rights reMsAeNrvUeFdA.CCToUpRyINriGghMtA©TTSEIRMSTe| cOhct|obSeirn2g0a2p0ore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, Singapore 138634 10/2020 For enquiries, please contact us at Tel: 6501 1800 | Fax: 6250 3659 | Email: [email protected] | Web: www.SIMTech.a-star.edu.sg