Health Science Flipbook (2)

Health Science Flipbook Nea Jensen

Table of Contents Slide 3- integumentary system Slide 4- musculoskeletal system Slide 5- nervous system Slide 6- special senses Slide 7- cardiovascular system Slide 8- respiratory system Slide 9- digestive system Slide 10- urinary system Slide 11- reproductive system

Integumentary System derm/o, dermat/o- skin Function- kerat/o-tissue Act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside xer/o-dryness Vocab xanth/o-yellow Epidermis- outer layer of skin erythr/o-red Dermis- under epidermis pedicu/o-fingernail or toenail Hypodermis- connects skin to surface muscles onych/o-fungus Stratum corneum- outermost layer of epidermis myc/o-fungus Stratum granulosum- just below stratum corneum pil/o-hair Stratum spinosum- several layers of keratinocytes and epidermal dendritic cells lip/o-fatty lipid Stratum basale- deepest layer of epidermis rhytid/o-sebum Papillary layer- top layer of dermis albin/o- white Reticular layer- lower layer of dermis Melanocyte- melanin producing cells Diseases/disorders- acne, cold sores, rosacea, albino Healthcare careers- dermatologist (specializes in skin) and estheticians (cosmetic treatments) Labeled system- integumentary system

Musculoskeletal System my/o-muscle Function- provides movement myel/o-bone marrow Vocab- oste/o-bone acromion- outward extension of the shoulder blade cost/o-ribs Bone process- projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body crani/o-skull bursa - sac of fluid near a joint -pexy-surgical fixation Calcium- minerals inside of bones chrondr/o-cartilage Cancellous bone- spongy arthr/o-joint Cartilage- flexible rubbery connective tissue -plegia-stroke Collagen- dense connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues kinesi/o-motion Compact bone- hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of the bones Disc- flat round plate-like structure Facial bones- bones of the face Diseases/disorders- tendinitis, osteoarthritis, RA, carpel tunnel syndrome Healthcare careers- PT (evaluates progress), chiropractor (adjustments) Labeled system- Musculoskeletal system

Nervous System neur/o- nerves Function- receiving information and generating responses encephal/o- brain Vocab- myel/o- marrow Brainstem- distal part of the brain ambul/o- walking Motor neuron- connect to muscles, glands and organs throughout the body -esthesia- sensation Cerebrum- uppermost part of the brain mening/o- meninges Reflex- action performed as a response psych/o- mind Spinal cord- pathway for messages sent by the brain concuss/o- concussion Impulse- influence of a particular feeling or mental state Sensory- sensation or the physical senses Nerves- transmits impulses of sensation to the brain and spinal cord Somatic- relating to the body Cerebellum- part of the brain in the back of the skull Diseases/disorders- alzheimer's, epilepsy, bell's palsy, cerebral palsy Healthcare careers- Neurologist (treat diseases of the brain and spinal chord, Chiropractor (adjustments) Labeled system- nervous system

Special Senses Function- to detect environmental stimuli and transduce energy into electrical impulses Vocab bronch/o- bronchus Special sense receptors- large complex sensory organs or localized clusters of cyan/o- blue receptors laryng/o- larnyx Canthus- the medial and lateral commissure; corners of the eye -oxia- oxygen Iris- colored part of the eye pleur/o- rib Sensory layer- retina is the innermost one pneum/o- breathing Optic nerve- way signals leave the retina pulmon/o- lungs Auditory tube- air passage between the middle ear and throat that equalizes air thorac/o- breast pressure on either side of the eardrum thrache/o- trachea Endolymph- the bodily fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear Tectorial membrane- a membrane located above the basilar membrane Papillae- small rough elevations on tongue and roof of mouth Gustatory cells- cells that respond to chemicals dissolved in the saliva are epithelial cells Facial nerve- NVII; mixed nerve that controls muscles of the scalp and face diseases/disorders- blindness, deafness, ptosis, sensory processing disorder Healthcare careers- optometrist (specializes in eyes), neurologist (treats diseases of the brain) Labeled system- special senses

Cardiovascular System cardi/o- heart Function- heart and blood vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, and byproducts of angi/o- vessels metabolism hem/o, hemat/o- blood Vocab Brady- slow Septum- thick wall of tissue that separates the heart into right and left sides Tachy- fast Atrium- 2 upper chambers of the heart thromb/o- blood clot Ventricle- 2 lower chambers of the heart -emia- condition of blood Vena cava- vein that brings blood back to the heart from the body leuk/o- white Aorta- largest blood vessel/artery in the body erythr/o- red Artery- blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart arteri/o- artery Capillary- microscopic, one cell thick, vessels that connects veins and arteries Vein- blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart Blood pressure- the force that blood exerts on the artery walls Pulse- waves of changing blood pressure, tells you how quickly your heart is beating diseases/disorders- arrhythmias, heart attack, heart failure, congenital heart disease Healthcare careers- cardiologist (specializes in the heart) & cardiac surgeon (heart surgeon) Labeled system- cardiovascular system

Respiratory System bronch/o- bronchus Function- helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work and cyan/o- blue cleans waste gases (co2) from your blood laryng/o- larnyx Vocab -oxia- oxygen Nasal cavity- the cavity behind the nose and above the roof of the mouth that filters air pleur/o- rib and moves mucus and inhaled contaminants outward and away from the lungs pneum/o- breathing Larynx- voice box pulmon/o- lungs Trachea- one of the tubules forming the respiratory system of most insects and many thorac/- breast arachnids thrache/o- trachea Bronchi- the passages that branch the trachea and direct air into the lungs Lungs- two spongy organs Bronchioles- progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways Alveoli- tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood Cilia- short structure projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell’s surface Mucos- protective secretion of the mucous membranes Breathing- passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally diseases/disorders- asthma, COPD, lung cancer, pneumonia Healthcare careers- pulmonologist (specializes in the lungs), thoracic surgeon (chest surgeon) Labeled system- respiratory system

Digestive System cholecyst/o- gallbladder Function- taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow enter/o- intestines the body to function col/o, colon/o- large intestine Vocab hepat/o- liver Mechanical digestion- the physical breakdown of food gastr/o- stomach Chemical digestion- digestion process in which enzymes are used to break down or/o- mouth foods -pepsia- digestion GI- long winding path from mouth to anus chol/e- bili Mouth- the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge proct/o- anus Saliva- mixture of water, mucous, and salivary amylase Amylase- enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches Pharynx- throat Epiglottis- a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing Esophagus- the passage between the pharynx and the stomach peristalsis - rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach diseases/disorders- GERD, stomach flu, IBD, constipation Healthcare careers- gastroenterologist (specializes in the stomach), proctologist (treats disorders of the colon, rectum and anus) Labeled system- digestive system

Urinary System Function- filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product Vocab -cele- swelling Arteriole- small artery -lysis- dissolving Calyx- cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis cyst/o- sac-like pocket of tissue Catheter- tube for injecting or removing fluids nephr/o- kidney Cortex- outer region of an organ ren/o- kidney Creatinine- nitrogenous waste excreted in urine -uria- substance in urine Electrolyte- chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in -pexy- surgical fixation water -ectasis- dilation EPO- hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood pyel/o- pelvis cells by bone marrow Filtration- process whereby some substances pass through a filter Glomerulus- tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney- Hilum- depression in an organ where blood vessels and enter and leave diseases/disorders- bladder cancer, kidney stones, ostomy, urinalysis Healthcare careers- urologist (specializes in the bladder) and gynecologist (specializes in womens health) Labeled system- urinary system

Reproductive System cervic/o- uteri Function- allows humans to produce offspring salping/o- pertaining to the fallopian tubes Vocab ov/o- egg Ovary- the female gonad orchid/o- testicle Fertilization- process of combing the male gamete with the female gamete oophor/o- ovary Gastrulation- development of embryo men/o- menstruation Follicle- the sac of ovary in which the egg develops mamm/o- breast Ovulation- the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary gynec/o- woman Placenta- the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing 02 colp/o- vagina and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus prostat/o- prostate gland Oviduct- either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus Ovum- the female reproductive cell Fetus- and unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development Uterus- hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females diseases/disorders- endometriosis, gynecologic cancer, HIV, AIDS Healthcare careers- gynecologist (specializes in womens health), urologist (specializes in male fertility) Labeled system- reproductive system