The Leader - Summer 2020 - Personal Protective Equipment

VOL7/NO3/SUMMER 2020 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT



CONTENTS VOL 7 | NO 3 | SUMMER 2020 FEATURES 12 26 Safe and Sound: Selecting the Right Personalized Protection Respirator for the Hazard to Prevent Hearing Loss By Lynn Feiner, Sr. Offering By Dr. Robert M. Ghent, Manager for Air-Purifying Advanced Engineer/Scientist— and SCBA Respiratory Research Audiologist, Protection, Honeywell Honeywell Safety Products and David Lerch, CSHO—General 30 Industry, Product Development Manager, Cintas Corporation Chemical Protective Clothing 101: A Primer on 16 Permeation, Penetration, and Degradation Make the Most of Your Investment in By Norman W. Henry III, Fall Protection PPE Curtis Hintz & Robert N. Phalen By Thomas E. Kramer, PE, CSP— 34 Managing Principal, LJB Inc. 22 Have You Heard? COLUMNS Understanding Hearing What Matters Most When Loss Prevention 4 Global Safety and Health Watch Choosing AR/FR PPE? 6 From the Perspective of a First Responder: By International Safety By Rich Lippert, QSSP, Equipment Association COVID-19 and Personal Protective Equipment Technical Director and International Sales SinpoWStaolmfigeehtnty 10 OSHA Corner Manager, GlenGuard 45 OSHA Safe + Sound Campaign 36 SECTIONS Improving PPE Fit for Women Impacts the Psychosocial Safety of All Workers By Abby Ferri, CSP 40 9 Infographic Corner 44 Membership Corner Innovating Beyond \"Shrink it and Pink it\" 46 Ad Index By Gabriella DeYoe, Freelance Writer and Robotics Coach vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 3

Global Safety and Health Watch By Jamie Mitchell Communications Coordinator, VPPPA, Inc. Making A Splash in the Future of Health Care “Go through the alphabet… recite the chorus of Dolly Parton’s song, “Jolene”… sing the “Happy Birthday” song… W ashing your drinking, recreational or 50 percent lack An estimated 71 percent hands for wastewater), if a health care access to percent of the population at least 20 facility did not have proper is using a safely managed seconds with water for sanitation purposes, piped water. drinking water source; soap and water is common that could lead to issues with however, about 2 billion people practice and has been the virus.] 33 percent are using a drinking source emphasized even more during lack improved that is contaminated. In the the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health least developed countries, Being able to easily sanitize Organization (WHO) kicked sanitation. the WHO says that 22 percent our hands and surfaces is off the new decade with a of health care facilities have crucial to preventing disease, list of urgent global health (*Improved sanitation no water service, 21 percent while water is also necessary challenges. One of these top includes sanitation have no sanitation services for health and hydration. priorities includes improving facilities that and 22 percent with no waste Numerous deaths and diseases WASH services around the management service. could be prevented with access world. The WHO and its hygienically separate to safe, clean water—but partners are working with human excreta from What happens approximately one in four 35 low and middle-income when you ingest health facilities globally lack countries to upgrade their human contact.) unclean water? the basics when it comes to health care locations. The water, sanitation and hygiene goal is “for all countries 39 percent When micro-organisms and (WASH) services. A study to have included WASH lack soap for chemicals are in water supplies, published in The Lancet (a services in plans, budgets handwashing. people can develop severe general medical journal) noted: and implementation efforts illnesses. According to the “Health-care-associated by 2023, and by 2030 all 39 percent WHO, “Contaminated water infection is the most frequent health care facilities globally lack adequate and poor sanitation are linked result of unsafe patient care should have basic WASH infectious waste to transmission of diseases worldwide, but few data are services.” From a United States such as cholera, diarrhea, available from the developing perspective, it can be difficult disposal. dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, world.” If a patient takes an to picture a hospital (or other and polio… Globally, 15 percent oral medication with unsafe health care facility) that is not of patients develop an infection water, or a worker is simply the typical sterile environment during a hospital stay, with thirsty and takes a drink, they we are used to seeing. Yet, this the proportion much greater can contract a waterborne is not the case worldwide. Many in low-income countries.” illness. Poor water quality, or health care sites lack hand Roughly 842,000 deaths occur a lack of WASH services, is a hygiene abilities and cannot each year from diarrhea, a major risk for patients at any safely dispose of health care- preventable disease. time, especially now during related waste. According to the the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Hygiene What is being done? [While the risk of COVID-19 and Environmental Health, transmission through water regarding these resource-limited Millions of people face these is likely to be low (the virus health care settings: harsh circumstances at their is not believed to spread via local health care centers, but a variety of organizations 4 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

are working to help improve • How Ghana’s national SOURCES: conditions. During the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Liberia, standards for WASH in health www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/vision_2030_9789241598422. Water Mission (a nonprofit care facilities improved pdf?ua=1 organization) partnered quality of care. with UNICEF to provide apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311618/9789241515511-eng. water treatment systems to By 2025, half of the world’s pdf?ua=1 hospitals and Ebola treatment population will be living in centers. During the current water-stressed areas, according www.who.int/news-room/photo-story/photo-story-detail/urgent- coronavirus pandemic Water to the WHO. A lack of safe health-challenges-for-the-next-decade Mission continues to provide water does not only impact support, safe water and health, hygiene and health care. watermission.org/covid-19-safe-water/ hygiene solutions to health Spending time and potentially care facilities. For example, risking one’s safety to collect www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/facilities/healthcare/en/ Water Mission provides Potable water is dangerous, keeps Water Chlorinators, which treat children out of school, and www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development- water with chlorine so it can be preoccupies time. In 2015 the goals/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation.html used to maintain hygiene and WHO and UNICEF developed the eliminates waterborne diseases. Water and Sanitation for Health www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241516433 Facility Improvement Tool. Progress takes This tool “aims to guide small, www.globalgoals.org/resources primary health care facilities time, effort and in low- and middle-income apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311618/9789241515511-eng. settings through a continuous pdf?ua=1 resources, but cycle of improvement through assessments, prioritization of www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-in-hcf-q- strides are being risk, and definition of specific, a-2april.pdf?ua=1 targeted actions.” made toward clean www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking- In 2015 United Nations water#:~:text=Contaminated%20water%20and%20poor%20 and safe water Member States also adopted sanitation,A%2C%20typhoid%2C%20and%20polio. the Sustainable Development for all. Goals (or the Global Goals), www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/index.html which hope to “end poverty, Back in 2018 the United protect the planet and ensure www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/ Nations Secretary-General that all people enjoy peace and issued a Global Call to Action prosperity by 2030.” One of www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/vision_2030_9789241598422. to prioritize action on WASH the 17 goals include providing pdf?ua=1 services being accessible in all safe and affordable drinking health care facilities. Therefore, water by 2030. This will the WHO and UNICEF created a require investing in suitable document featuring, “Practical infrastructure, providing Steps to Achieve Universal Access appropriate sanitation facilities, to Quality Care” as well as case and encouraging hygiene. studies from successful countries. For example, a few include: Progress takes time, effort and resources, but strides • How Ethiopia achieved cleaner are being made toward clean and safe water for all. To health facilities through stay informed about this multi-level leadership. topic: email LISTSERV@who. int with the text \"subscribe • How Cambodia used a WATERSANITATION\" in the body of your email, or check out situation analysis to embed the sources at right. WASH into health system and quality improvement plans. • How Lebanon used a national census to prioritize and inform WASH improvements for primary health care centers. vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 5

From the Perspective of A FIRST RESPONDER By Lee Vernon Code3 Medical Services, LLC COVID-19 and Personal Protective Equipment Having been a When and where Can I use a bandana professional do we use PPE? or t-shirt as a mask? firefighter/EMT for nearly three Anytime there is a potential No! When it comes to decades, I have been using PPE for bodily fluids (blood, respiratory protection there are since I first started my career saliva, urine, feces, droplets only two real options that will back in 1993. It is something of particulates i.e. sneeze or fully protect you from certain that was ingrained into me cough) or some type of chemical/ particulates like COVID-19. as a first responder as my particulate that we do not Those two options are a N95 profession repeatedly exposes want to enter our bodies via mask or an air purifying me to bodily fluids and other mouth, nose or eyes. It could be respirator. Per the FDA.Gov: potential germs and infections. something as serious as dealing with a trauma or sick patient to “An N95 respirator is a With the onset of the working with certain substances respiratory protective device COVID-19 pandemic, the in the work force. The main designed to achieve a very general public is now taking culprits of those particulates close facial fit and very efficient part in the usage of PPE. have the potential to enter our filtration of airborne particles. However, the lack of education bodies and cause either infection The 'N95' designation means and understanding of proper or exposure with negative that when subjected to careful PPE use can have negative consequences. When you look testing, the respirator blocks at consequences. If PPE is not at infections or poisonings, the least 95 percent of very small (0.3 used at all, or used improperly, primary way those take place are micron) test particles. If properly people can increase their through the mucus membranes fitted, the filtration capabilities chances of infection and cross- of the mouth, nose and eyes. of N95 respirators exceed those contamination. With that, Those pathways are moist, of face masks. However, even a let’s review the fundamentals which traps particulates, and properly fitted N95 respirator when it comes to using PPE, they are also the main routes does not completely eliminate specifically N95 masks, gloves to our respiratory system and the risk of illness or death.” and eye protection, so you can blood stream. Protecting those protect yourself and your co- openings is critical to keeping The other option is an air workers when it matters. the bad things out. Since our purifying respirator which uses skin acts as a barrier, the main cartridges, filters, or canisters ways to enter the body are now to remove contaminates from reduced to those openings on our the air you breathe. Both face and/or open wounds. That require a tight fit around is why it is important to cover all the face. With air purifying exposed openings into the body. respirators, they may require a fit test to work as intended. VPPPA members have free access to a variety of COVID-19 resources and webinars. Visit vpppa.org/education/webinars to learn more. 6 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

N95 Specifics The mask needs to be snug Something to be against the face covering the nose aware of for men The N95 is intended to fit tightly or snuggly around and mouth with the straps going with long facial hair: the mouth and nose. It has a padded aluminum insert above and below the ears around the mask will not above the nose that is intended to form fit around the the back of the head. When fit as intended bridge of the nose down to the cheek. The bottom of properly worn there is no opening because the facial the mask pulls down to fit snuggly around the bottom anywhere around the mask for hair will not allow of the chin. It has two rubber bands that secure the particulates to enter unimpeded. the mask to fit mask to one’s head with one band going around the snugly against back of the head above the ears and the other below When removing the N95 mask, the skin of the the ears. The combination of this ensures a tight fit disinfect hands, grab the rubber face, therefore that minimizes an opening around the mask. The bands and pull over and away allowing particles mask is also made specifically to limit extremely small from the face while NOT touching to possibly work particles from getting through. All of this is something the main part of the mask which their way around you will not get from a home-made mask or any other could be contaminated. the mask. mask for that matter. Something to be aware of for men with long facial hair: the mask will not fit as intended because the facial hair will not allow the mask to fit snugly against the skin of the face, therefore allowing particles to possibly work their way around the mask. Taking off the mask is another process that needs to be done correctly. You want to make sure that when you apply the mask, you put the straps above and below the ears and that the nose and mouth is completely covered. Once you are done, we want to be cognizant that their may be germs or contaminants on the outside of the mask. Whether you are wearing gloves or not, be sure to clean your hands with sanitizer or soap and water. Then, WITHOUT touching the mask, use your fingers to grasp the rubber bands and pull the bands over and away from your face. The mask will simply fall away from your face and you will have control via the bands. At that point, dispose of properly and rewash your hands. That removal process will eliminate touching the area of the mask that is most contaminated. Once removed, discard accordingly Note: According to into a trash can and re-wash OSHA, \"The employer your hands. shall not permit respirators with tight- vpppa.org fitting facepieces to be worn by employees who have facial hair that comes between the sealing surface of the facepiece and the face, or that interferes with valve function.\" Leader—Summer 2020 7

Latex-free Gloves When removing first glove, Eye Protection pinch the outside to obtain a Gloves are used to protect purchase point for removal. We see a lot of people wearing your hands from germs and/or masks, and/or gloves but no eye contaminates. Wearing them the As you remove, be sure to protection. Remember, your entire day defeats the purpose pull AWAY from the body eyes are a moist membrane of limiting exposure as all one and face in order to not where fluid or particles could is doing is simply spreading splash contaminates toward enter the body and be a route germs or cross contaminating your body or face. Once for infection or exposure. everything they touch by doing removed, ball glove up in Adding simple eye protection so. Gloves are to be worn for a remaining gloved hand that covers the entire eyes (top/ specific purpose, like patient for disposal. bottom/sides) to prevent fluid care or dealing with a specific and particles from entering is chemical. Once done with that Upon removing the second highly suggested. If anything, specific detail, you remove the glove, grab underneath the it at least provides a barrier in gloves and put another pair on glove as to not touch the case you forget to not touch if needed. Otherwise, you simply outside which could your eyes if wearing gloves that wash or disinfect your hands be contaminated. could potentially have particles and move along. that we do not want to ingest Just like the first glove, via our face. We see too many people remove away from the body wearing gloves when they while trapping both gloves I try to put things in shouldn’t or worse… touching for disposal. perspective of a trauma their face, nose, mouth, or accident, and you are the eyes when they are wearing Once removed, the responder. If you are taking them. By doing that, you have glove is inside out with all care of someone in such an now taken the contaminates contaminates and both instance and they have blood and moved them directly to gloves are ready for disposal. squirting everywhere, you want your mucus membranes for to cover as much of yourself potential infection. If one is up as possible as to keep that wearing gloves, wear them blood out of your mouth, nose, for the intended purpose, do eyes, and hands. There is no not touch anything other than difference when we are dealing whatever is needed to complete with a virus or a chemical/ the task at hand, do NOT touch substance at work. your face, remove them when done, then wash/disinfect your If PPE is not worn and taken hands thoroughly. off correctly, then you run the risk of cross contaminating When it comes to removing things (including yourself) or gloves, you want to be sure that you reduce the effectiveness of you do not touch any part of the its intended purpose. With all exterior of the glove with your that is currently going on in the bare hands and that you remove world today, use common sense them direction wise, away from and practice safe hygiene habits. your face and body. That way, In the end, your life could if you have a mishap, you do depend on it. not run the risk of splashing contaminants toward yourself. NOW WASH Again, once removed, dispose YOUR HANDS. of gloves in a proper container or trash can, and wash/disinfect vpppa.org your hands. 8 Leader—Summer 2020

Infographic Corner NIOSH estimates that The N95 respirator 30 million blocks at least U.S. workers are 95 percent exposed to noise levels high enough to cause of very small (0.3 micron) particles. irreversible hearing loss. Recent studies have Statistics show that overall shown that fall fatalities 77 percent of workers and the associated costs to organizations are increasing, even who are in the most high-risk and though the amount of money spent on high-exposure jobs in terms of PPE has made fall protection PPE a nearly exposure to coronavirus billion-dollar are women. industry. The skin Hearing loss disability is the second most important is costing employers route of exposure an estimated in the workplace. $242 million in workers’ compensation payments each year. vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 9

OSHA Corner PPE and Safety & Health Management Systems in a Public Health Pandemic P ersonal protective for employees during a period The need for effective congregant and crowded equipment (PPE) has where other hazard control PPE has never been more work areas such as hospital been used for decades measures are not feasible. important. The recent emergency and intensive to protect workers Many industries use PPE to pandemic spread of COVID-19 care units, first responders from hazards we can see, as protect workers from expected has placed a heightened operations, processing well as those we cannot. and unexpected hazards; assist importance on the availability facilities and public in compliance with regulatory and use of PPE and other transportation systems; PPE is equipment worn to standards; and as an integral protective measures for 4. Lack of availability of minimize exposure to hazards component of comprehensive many industries, including appropriate PPE. that cause serious workplace safety and health management healthcare, meatpacking, injuries and illnesses. These systems (SHMS) and programs. grocery, postal, airline and Identifying appropriate and injuries and illnesses may public protective services. The necessary PPE is critical. The result from contact with The use of PPE use of PPE has gone from being possible need for an additional chemical, radiological, physical, has gone from a last line of defense to serving layer of PPE to protect workers electrical, mechanical, or other being a last line a much more important from COVID-19 has made PPE workplace hazards. Personal of defense to role in protecting workers. selection and use decisions, protective equipment may serving a much Approximately three to five more challenging. So, it is include items such as gloves, more important percent of VPP sites perform important to identify any safety glasses and shoes, role in protecting essential services where additional hazards (personal or earplugs or muffs, hard hats, workers. transmission of COVID-19 has process) that may result from respirators, or coveralls, vests been significant. The use of the use of new types of PPE and full body suits.1 An underpinning tenet PPE for worker protection in being worn instead of, or in shared by all VPP participants this public health pandemic addition to, the normal PPE. In occupational safety is a comprehensive Safety and has taken on an even more and health, the use of PPE Health Management System important role in SHMSs. The use of non-PPE cloth is considered the last line (SHMS). A SHMS demonstrates, face coverings “face masks” in of protection against many in part, the employer’s Assessing the need for society has become a normal hazards, and across many commitment to a standard of appropriate types of PPE is practice in the workplace and industries. The hierarchy excellence in safety and health important. The selection and use in public. These face masks are of controls for industrial culture. A comprehensive SHMS of pandemic-related protective not considered PPE and are not hazards is elimination and is built from the framework equipment can be based on to be used as direct protection substitution, engineering of four primary elements and numerous factors, including: for workers exposed to controls, work practice numerous sub-elements. The 1. The ever-changing science respiratory hazards, including controls, administrative application and proper use of COVID-19. The primary controls and use of PPE. PPE can play a key role in each and epidemiological data on function of the cloth face mask Although considered a last line of the SHMS elements. transmission and exposure is to protect other people of defense, PPE and its uses are sources of COVID-19; from possible transmission as varied as the hazards they 2. Human transmission of of the virus from the wearer. are intended to protect against. the virus; For more information on face The use of PPE, outside of the 3. Challenges to reconfiguring coverings, please see OSHA’s healthcare industry, primarily work areas to control latest guidance. provides interim protection transmission of the virus, particularly in Employee training on the use of PPE is critical to a 10 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

safety and health programs. is one of those threads. The strategies based on a thorough has published dozens of Employee training should PPE program is most effective hazard assessment, using guidance materials about the include information on the when it affects each SHMS appropriate combinations pandemic, including a series different types of PPE used element. Incorporating the of engineering and of industry-specific guidance for specific jobs and how influx of new and rapidly administrative controls, safe documents to help employers they could differ from other changing information about work practices, and personal evaluate the level of risk for clothing, coverings, gloves, the COVID-19 pandemic can protective equipment (PPE) transmission of the virus and masks that may be required be challenging even in the to prevent worker exposures. control measures they can based on the workplace best of SHMS. Some OSHA standards incorporate to protect their conditions and exposures that apply to preventing employees. Each document presented by the pandemic. Measures for protecting occupational exposure to also contains a section on workers from exposure to, SARS-CoV-2 also require related PPE for that industry. A VPP SHMS is robust and and infection with, SARS- employers to train workers These documents and many continually improving. An CoV-2, the virus that causes on elements of infection other COVID-19 resources effective SHMS embodies Coronavirus Disease 2019 prevention, including PPE.2 are available on OSHA’s a structure that allows (COVID-19), depend on the website, located at https:// incorporation of new type of work being performed Since February 2020, OSHA, www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/ and changing hazards, and exposure risk, including in collaboration with the controlprevention.html. processes, policies and potential for interaction Centers for Disease Control, standards, without significant with people with suspected modification. One sign of or confirmed COVID-19 and SOURCES: a functional SHMS is the contamination of the work 1 www.osha.gov/SLTC/personalprotectiveequipment/index.html presence of common threads environment. Employers 2 www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/controlprevention.html that run through each should adapt infection control element, and a PPE program vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 11

SSoaufned& Personalized Protection to Prevent Hearing Loss 12 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

vpppa.org By Dr. Robert M. Ghent, Advanced Engineer/Scientist— Research Audiologist, Honeywell Safety Products and David Lerch, CSHO—General Industry, Product Development Manager, Cintas Corporation One of the most prevalent workplace hazards is not seen, it is heard. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), workplace-related hearing loss is the most common occupational disease in the US.1 It is usually the result of repeated exposure to excessive noise—sound levels greater than 85 A-weighted decibels (dBA).2 Each year, about 22 million U.S. workers are exposed to hazardous noise levels at work.3 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data reveals that workers who report a history of occupational noise exposure are most prevalent in the Mining sector (61%), followed by the Construction (51%), Manufacturing (47%), Utilities (43%) and Transportation and Warehousing (40%) sectors.4 N oise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) results from exposure to noise of an intensity and duration known to increase the risk of damage to structures of the inner ear.2 Typically, every person is born with approximately 30,000 hair cells in each ear, but over time these cells get damaged, for example by exposure to occupational noise, and subsequently their ability to pick up and transmit sound is reduced . Once these hair cells are damaged, there is no way of repairing them.5 Because hearing damage is permanent, it is essential for businesses to protect their workers’ hearing, especially when a workforce is exposed to loud machinery and heavy equipment. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to implement a hearing conservation program when noise exposure is at or above 85 (dBA) averaged over 8 working hours, or an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA).6 Thankfully, NIHL can be avoided by implementing hearing loss prevention strategies and technology. Leader—Summer 2020 13

Every year, Listen to the Costs can help protect employees workers will continue wearing an estimated of Hearing Loss from occupational hearing loss it correctly throughout the day by instituting a comprehensive and what level of noise they will $242 Hearing loss can significantly hearing protection program be exposed to. That is where million affect an employee’s quality of that includes conducting a noise new technology comes in. life. Research has shown that hazard assessment, informing is spent on hearing loss may be linked to workers of hazards present Personalized PPE workers’ other disabling conditions, and prioritizing the fit of Technology compensation including cognitive decline, hearing protection devices for hearing diabetes and heart disease.7 (HPDs) to increase wear time Smart headsets are now loss disability.9 Additional problems created and protection. available that incorporate by occupational hearing hear-through circuitry to 14 Leader—Summer 2020 loss can include impaired There are many types of enable the user to hear sounds communication with family HPDs including earmuffs, at a safe level while being members, the public and earplugs and molded earplugs, protected from hazardous coworkers and a diminished each providing excellent noise. By using these smart ability to monitor the work attenuation for different headsets, workers do environment (warning signals, applications. However, if not not need to remove their equipment sounds, etc.).1 fitted correctly, they all let hearing protection devices in noise, putting hearing at to communicate or hear Effects of NIHL are not only risk.10 For example, there can conversations, alarms and felt by individuals, but there are be a significant difference in other important sounds in also significant implications individual attenuation levels their environment. for a business, including on from the same type of earplugs their bottom line. In 2017, depending on how well the Meanwhile, next-level employers were required to pay individual has fitted them.10 technology can monitor, analyze $1.5 million in penalties for not and detect hazards before protecting workers from noise.8 Systems are available that hearing loss appears. Web Additionally, every year, an allow for individual fit testing and mobile app data services estimated $242 million is spent of hearing protectors to assess wirelessly linked to headsets on workers’ compensation for how much attenuation an will provide real-time visibility hearing loss disability.9 Other individual user will receive. of individual workers’ actual costs can also be incurred as a The goal of fit testing is to noise exposure and protection result of lost productivity while provide an individual user levels. For example, Honeywell’s workers are absent through with feedback on whether they VeriShield Smart Hearing illness and increased accidents are properly wearing a given Solution combines cloud- resulting from impaired hearing protector and that it based software and connected, communication and isolation. offers sufficient protection for protective headsets to monitor the condition in which it is to sound in real time and analyze Finding Protection be used.11 Once the appropriate patterns to help companies that Fits attenuation is determined, better protect workers from fit testing enables the user to noise-induced hearing loss. Hearing damage risk is focus on how to fit HPDs to This technology will give safety increased by workers wearing attain protection. professionals actionable insights inadequate or ill-fitting to provide personalized hearing protection, often because of Although OSHA recognizes loss prevention solutions for insufficient training.10 Employers fit testing as best practice,12 every worker. it is not required. However, the importance of fit Prevention is Key testing is increasingly being acknowledged by the safety Hearing loss is irreversible industry. For example, a new and often goes undetected standard for fit-testing system because it does not produce performance in the USA (ANSI/ visible symptoms. By educating ASA S12.71-2018) was approved organizations and employees and published by the American on how to properly use their National Standards Institute HPDs, and implementing new (ANSI) in 2018.13 technology, employers can help prevent hearing loss. However, fit testing alone is Integrating smart wearables not enough to ensure complete with cutting-edge software hearing protection because there is no way of knowing if vpppa.org

and cloud-based services SOURCES: gives both workers and safety 1 www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/96-115/diseas.html#Hearing%20Loss managers the means to measure 2 CAOHC manual as a compendium reference: Hutchison, T.L. & Schulz, T.Y. (2014). Hearing Conservation and monitor noise exposure in real time. This data can be Manual (5th ed). Milwaukee, WI: Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Loss. used to implement proactive 3 www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/default.html safety measures before hearing 4 asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465 damage occurs. 5 www.cdc.gov/nceh/hearing_loss/how_does_loud_noise_cause_hearing_loss.html 6 www.osha.gov/SLTC/noisehearingconservation/#:~:text=OSHA%20requires%20employers%20to%20 Responding is Dr. Robert M. Ghent, Jr., research audiologist and implement,%2Dweighted%20average%20(TWA). manager of the Howard Leight 7 www.nia.nih.gov/health/hearing-loss-common-problem-older-adults Acoustical Testing Laboratory 8 www.assp.org/docs/default-source/psj-articles/f1cannady_0320.pdf?sfvrsn=0 for Honeywell Safety Products, 9 www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/about.html#:~:text=Approximately%2022%20million%20U.S.%20 with contributions from Cintas Corporation’s First Aid & Safety workers,compensation%20for%20hearing%20loss%20disability. division. Honeywell is working to 10 Murphy, W.J., Stephenson, D.C., Witt, B. & Duran, J. (2011). Effects of training on hearing protector help transform the way the world works. For more information, visit attenuation. Noise & Health 13(51), 132—141. www.honeywellsafety.com. 11 www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95 12 www.hearingconservation.org/assets/docs/AllianceRecommendationForFitTesting_Final.pdf Cintas can be a resource 13 webstore.ansi.org/Standards/ASA/ANSIASAS12712018 when it comes to PPE in the workplace. Contact a local Cintas First Aid & Safety facility in your workplace to view their product line offering or resources when it comes to hearing conservation, or visit www.cintas.com/ firstaidsafety. ® • Keeps extension ladders from Ladder falls – slipping on slick surfaces such as 2nd leading cause of composite decking work-related • Unique design of foam creates tiny injur ie s! * suction cups that grip the surface, even when wet * https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ nioshtic-2/20034690.html • Light weight for easy use, weighs less than 6 pounds Working Concepts, Inc. • Works on smooth surfaces, plastic, 888-456-3372 • www.softknees.com • [email protected] wood, concrete, etc., even when wet Patent Pending • Prevents marring and scratches to deck caused by ladder feet • Attaches to the bottom ladder rung, with adjustable strap, for easy movement of ladder along wall • Fits most extension ladders, up to 21” wide • Replaceable self-adhesive foam pad vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 15

MAKE THE OF YOUR INVESTMENT IN FALL PROTECTION By Thomas E. Kramer, PE, CSP— Principal, LJB Inc. 16 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

Fall protection equipment is the most W hen workers aren’t organizations to choose visible aspect of a fall protection given everything equipment as the solution for program, and it can also be the most they need to safely many fall hazards. However, costly. Unfortunately, these investments implement PPE, they statistics show that overall fall can be poured down the drain if can suffer from a false sense fatalities and the associated personal fall protection systems are of security. If fall protection costs to organizations are not implemented correctly. Buying equipment is not the most increasing, even though the equipment, giving it to workers and effective solution, or workers amount of money spent on doing a few toolbox talks is not enough. are not trained to use it properly, personal protective equipment Properly stocking, maintaining, servicing hazards can actually be has made fall protection PPE a and using fall protection equipment can increased. Here are some tips to nearly billion-dollar industry. be the difference between life and death not only protect your personnel, Clearly, buying equipment is not for workers at height. but also your investment in fall enough to ensure safety. protection PPE. When selecting abatement Minimize Use solutions, guidance should be taken from the Hierarchy The prevalence of fall protection of Controls. According to this equipment on the market— widely accepted strategy, which combined with the perceived measures the effectiveness ease of use and relatively and defeatability of hazard low initial cost—often leads abatement methods, PPE should always be the last choice for a solution and only used when other options are not feasible. To reduce the most risk and minimize long-term costs, organizations should favor elimination, substitution and engineering control solutions. vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 17

When workers With engineering control Obtain Stakeholder solution. When employee input aren’t given Input helps determine solutions, everything they solutions, employees have to organizations benefit from need to safely Because worker tasks and more buy-in, enhanced implement PPE, actively overcome barriers to behaviors affect many aspects productivity and increased they can suffer of fall protection systems, morale for their program. from a false put themselves at risk. On the it’s critical to engage all sense of security. stakeholders in the evaluation Follow Manufacturer’s If fall protection other hand, using PPE-based process before equipment is Instructions equipment is not purchased or a fall protection the most effective solutions means you haven’t system is designed and It is critical to ensure that solution, or installed. An organization can workers are using the workers are not removed the workers from the easily lose time, money, safety equipment in a way that clearly trained to use it and productivity if the wrong aligns with the manufacturer’s properly, hazards hazard or the hazard from solutions are implemented. instructions. If not, it is likely can actually that the manufacturer hasn’t be increased. the workers. By understanding tested it accordingly, which how workers would use could lead to catastrophic 18 Leader—Summer 2020 Since PPE is the most different abatement options, failure. And, if a worker uses organizations can select the it outside its intended use, the defeatable—or easiest to most functional solution, manufacturer may not be liable rather than dictating one and in the event of a fall incident. overcome—solution, relying forcing workers to adjust. Recently, more organizations Otherwise, the solutions may have been asking equipment on PPE leaves an organization be technically compliant, but manufacturers for additional functionally impractical for testing to ensure the product is with significant residual workers, and possibly, unsafe. fit for their specific applications. When the best fall protection risk. Personal fall protection solution is not obvious or Manufacturers and cannot be agreed, it can be distributors are required to systems can be extremely helpful to invest in a conceptual provide information on proper design process, where options use and potential limitations complex, especially relative are discussed and debated to in the instruction material achieve group endorsement of a provided with the product. to engineering controls. Some potential concerns with fall protection equipment are: • Condition of individual equipment components • Proper equipment specified for the system • Equipment component compatibility • Adherence to free fall limitations • Fall clearance requirements • Swing fall hazards • Potential for misuse vpppa.org

Relevant information can also be found within the ANSI Z359 product standards that provide guidance on the use and limitations associated with specific product categories. Use Guidance From ANSI Z359 Standards Expanding on that last point, when it’s time to buy new equipment, the ANSI/ASSP Z359.1-2016 standard— officially named the Fall Protection Code—is the most current and robust resource for information to ensure procurement of the right equipment to meet today’s standards. And, it is frequently being updated. The goal of requirements for performance, information they’re being fall protection design, marking, qualification, trained on effects their day-to- training is to instruction, training, day work. Participants grasp impact behavior. inspection, use, maintenance training content best when it’s Adult learners and removal from service of full customized to the workers, especially need to body harnesses, connectors, their unique environments understand how the lanyards, energy absorbers, and their responsibilities. information they’re anchorage connectors, fall Organizations may need to being trained arresters, vertical lifelines and accommodate a variety of on effects their self-retracting lanyards. learning preferences, so it’s day-to-day work. important to use a variety of Provide Appropriate teaching methods (lecture, First, it’s important to note Training video, etc.), as well as practical that a voluntary consensus application exercises to increase standard like ANSI is not Only well-informed individuals ownership, understanding, and the law, but it complements can make the right decisions retention of critical material. OSHA and other governmental about fall protection. That’s regulations. Even with why it’s critical to ensure Because different employees the updated OSHA rule on proper training for the people have different responsibilities walking-working surfaces who supervise or use fall related to fall protection, there and fall protection systems protection systems. Regular, are various levels of training becoming effective in 2017, ongoing training supports to consider. The ANSI Z359.2 the general nature of OSHA the other major elements of standard outlines the following regulations does not provide a fall protection program and levels of training, including specific guidance about the fall increases the effectiveness of required training content for protection equipment being each step—from identifying each type of training: used in the market today. and assessing fall hazards to using the controls that are • Awareness—anyone in an For equipment components, provided to protect workers. the Z359 standards establish environment with fall hazards The goal of fall protection training is to impact behavior. • Authorized Person—users of Adult learners especially need to understand how the fall protection equipment • Competent Person— supervisors of workers at height vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 19

Well-planned and properly designed the requirements of their purpose is to save a falling fall protection systems can only function roles. Some organizations, worker. That’s why it’s if they are installed and used properly. including the U.S. Army Corps also critical to have active of Engineers,1 have prescribed a systems re-certified regularly. • Qualified Person—designers required length (24 hours) for Changes in personnel and training to ensure all subjects environments, which happen of fall protection systems can be properly covered. in every workplace, can render active systems ineffective and • Refresher Training—anyone Focus On unsafe. As circumstances and Certified Systems environmental conditions whose work has changed or change, organizations must hasn’t received training in Supervisors and users of fall confirm that the systems’ more than two years protection equipment may applications and components know that their equipment are still viable for their While the standard does meets the latest ANSI Z359 intended purpose. not dictate an exact length for standards, but they can’t training courses, it does provide typically confirm that the Conclusion guidance on the subjects that whole system meets the should be covered to ensure standards. Simply said, To be effective, fall protection personnel can safely fulfill most fall protection systems programs must strike a balance lack documentation or are between cost efficiency, improvised. While that may compliance, safety and have been accepted when usability. In some cases, fall 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M protection PPE is not the best became effective in 1995, a answer, and in some cases it is. lot has changed in 25 years. If fall protection equipment is Documentation must show that the chosen method to protect the system is fit for service and employees, be sure to apply that workers can use it safely. these best practices to protect workers and benefit from There are five primary your investment. elements to consider when certifying a fall protection Thomas Kramer, PE, CSP (LJB Inc.) system. Each of the fundamentals is a safety consultant and listed below must be evaluated to structural engineer with 24 ensure that all aspects of a given years of experience. He is a system are acceptable for use. dually registered professional 1. Suitability of system engineer and certified safety 2. Anchorages professional, who has become 3. Equipment an internationally recognized 4. Procedures expert in applying engineering 5. Training and safety practices to reduce risk for workers at heights. He Well-planned and properly specializes in the assessment designed fall protection systems and design of fall protection can only function if they are systems, as well as fall protection installed and used properly. program development. He is Engaging trained engineering passionate about educating and safety professionals to others on fall protection and certify the entire process— serves as the Chair of the ANSI from initial planning through Z359 Committee and president construction to final close- of the International Society out—dramatically increase for Fall Protection. He has also the reliability of installed fall given more than 200 technical protection systems. sessions and workshops on the topic across the United States No matter how old a fall and in a dozen countries. protection system is, its sole SOURCE: 1 www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerManuals/EM_385-1-1.pdf 20 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

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WHAT MATTERS MOST WHEN CHOOSING By Rich Lippert, QSSP, Technical Director and International Sales Manager, GlenGuard vpppa.org When PPE becomes the method for mitigating the possibilities of either arc flash or flash fire, even the most flawlessly engineered garment will fail to protect if it is not worn compliantly. When garments are uncomfortable or don’t fit properly, wearers are more likely to take shortcuts that ultimately compromise their own safety. By specifying arc-related (AR)/flame- resistant (FR) garments that are comfortable, durable and versatile, you can ensure that workers stay safe and compliant in any condition. 22 Leader—Summer 2020

vpppa.org Comfortability Whether in the frozen winters of North Dakota or a sweltering summer in Texas, comfort is critical to AR/FR garment compliance. There are four key elements to consider when evaluating the comfort of PPE: weight, drying time, permeability and moisture dispersion. FR fabric should weigh as little as possible while still providing the required level of protection. By specifying garments made from lightweight, breathable fabrics, you’ll be helping to ensure that your team has every advantage against harsh weather conditions. In the summer, heat stress can lead to devastating consequences for workers who spend most of their day outside. From accident- inducing confusion to headaches, muscle cramps and nausea, heat stress is a critical threat to workers during the hotter months of the year, and offering breathable clothing is one way to prevent it from wreaking havoc on your team. Likewise, when workers are battling sub-zero conditions, keeping moisture away from the skin can help prevent frostbite and hypothermia from interfering with the task at hand. Many of today’s innovative AR/FR garments feature advanced wicking capabilities that keep wearers cool and dry, drawing moisture away from the body and dispersing it into the air where it can evaporate. Lightweight, breathable PPE garments help workers stay focused on the task at hand without taking safety risks or getting distracted by how uncomfortable they are. With the right FR garments specified, workers will not want to roll up their sleeves or unbutton their collars, risking the critical protection from arc flash or flash fire in the event of an incident. If workers are comfortable in their workwear, they’ll be less likely to make life- threatening mistakes. Leader—Summer 2020 23

Laundering and Repairs Durability exposing them to harsh sunlight or industrial conditions, where Checklist Aside from comfort, the they could degrade or become durability and performance of compromised over time. When YES NO a garment is another factor in it comes to laundering these wearer compliance. When dirt, garments, AR/FR garments General Care—Laundering sweat and grime are all a part should be generally washed of a day’s work, your AR/FR separately from daily wear, Check the manufacturer’s tags for should be able to stand up to the using the specific suggestions specific instructions on laundering conditions in which it will be unique to the garment for water the garment used. Whether your team takes temperature. This is to prevent their AR/FR home to wash, or contamination and lint, which Visually inspect garment before you utilize an industrial laundry may reduce the AR/FR garment’s and after laundering to see if there is to ensure the proper care and effectiveness. Additionally, any damage maintenance of their garments, extra chemicals like bleach, their AR/FR should hold up fabric softeners, or starch must Wash separately from daily wear during the laundering process be avoided, as they can lead (non-AR/FR clothing) without degrading the safety of to breakdown of protective the garment. measures within the garment Check the garment label for the (though this is primarily true for recommended water temperature There are many treated FR garments). variables that Do not use bleaches or peroxides, you can’t control Specifying garments whose fabric softeners (including dryer in the field, but flame-resistant properties are sheets) or starch you can control inherent to the very fibers of the compliance. clothing is one way to provide Use liquid detergent for best results Because it’s not enduring protection. Whereas just what your many garments are treated for Avoid washing in hard water due to workers wear, it’s flame-resistant qualities by the possibility that mineral buildup can how they wear it. applying a chemical finish to negatively impact the FR properties fiber or fabric once it’s been over the course of multiple washes In light of the critical woven or knitted, inherent guidelines for maintaining the FR fabrics have protection Tumble dry on low settings or integrity and safety of worker manufactured into their DNA. permanent-press setting, do not PPE, many safety programs are That means these types of over dry choosing to opt for garments garments are much easier to made from inherently FR maintain and preserve over General Maintenance—Repairs fabric. A lot of AR/FR gear is treated FR fabrics. The FR treated with a topical chemical protection is part of the core of Check the manufacturer’s guidelines solution that gives it a layer of the fiber itself, and therefore for specific instructions on how protection from things like arc cannot be washed away or to repair damage or return the flashes or flash fire. But when chemically altered. Many of damaged garment those garments are exposed today’s top AR/FR garments to repeated wear-and-wash are also manufactured with All repairs must use AR/FR thread cycles, this treatment may break solution-dyed fibers to enhance down, dramatically reducing the color retention, meaning that a If patching, the patch fabric must have garment’s safety properties. worker’s uniform will not only the same rating as the garment, e.g. stay protective longer, it won’t CAT 2 GlenGuard 5.3oz fabric could not To help slow this breakdown, look old and worn out, either. be repaired with a CAT 1 GlenGuard garments must be stored in a 4.5oz patch manner that is conducive to care Versatility and damage prevention. This Your employer is responsible for means refraining from stuffing There is never a one-size- making certain that they train you, the shirts into a crowded bin or fits-all approach when it employee, on how to properly use PPE comes to AR/FR. Because your and the care and maintenance of that work is application-specific, PPE, this includes AR/FR uninforms your AR/FR should be too. But that doesn’t mean your AR/ 24 Leader—Summer 2020 FR can’t be versatile. Some of today’s top garments come in a vpppa.org

range of vibrant colors that go be more comfortable, thus Rich Lippert, QSSP, is Technical beyond traditional colorways. enabling the wearer to be more Director and International Sales Investing in quality PPE fabric compliant. For example, a Manager for GlenGuard®—a is beneficial to a sustainable, shirt designed specifically for flame-resistant and arc- high-quality safety program— women needs a higher waist, resistant (AR/FR) fabric used in addition to keeping your narrower shoulders, shorter for workwear. In his current role, workers safe and compliant. sleeves, and more space in Lippert manages GlenGuard’s When PPE is engineered and the chest and hips. These international sales, oversees designed with the application differences aren’t more than all product testing procedures and wearer in mind, it’s a win- a few inches, but those inches and collaborates closely with win for everyone. can be crucial. Longer sleeves R&D on product developments may get caught in machinery. and product line extensions. As the number of women Wider collars may not be able Rich’s experience in other sales working in the industrial to keep sparks and debris out. & marketing roles helps Glen trades continues to increase, Raven Technical Fabrics identify PPE designed specifically There are many variables that market needs and accelerate for women will become you can’t control in the field, increasingly important. but you can control compliance. product development. Oversized garments with Because it’s not just what your Rich graduated from Southern excess fabric can become an workers wear, it’s how they additional hazard. But the wear it. And workers that are Illinois University, Carbondale with design adjustments go beyond in AR/FR that is comfortable, a bachelor’s degree in Marketing, just offering smaller sizes durable, and versatile are more and is involved in a variety of and additional colors. The likely to wear their garments safety and business organizations proportions of the garments safely and compliantly, no including NFPA, ASSP, NSC and a need to be different to ensure matter what condition or task serves on 3 ASTM committees: the PPE will fit correctly and they are up against. D13; F18, and F23. vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 25

fits tightly to the face disposable vpppa.org 26 Leader—Summer 2020

resistant to droplets RSRELEeiCTgIsNGhpTHtiErator FOR THE HAZARD By Lynn Feiner, Sr. Offering Manager for Air-Purifying and SCBA Respiratory Protection, Honeywell Recently there has been an increased demand Please note that the for personal protective equipment (PPE) in occupational use of respirators nontraditional areas, such as office environments, should follow a written retail establishments and airline travel. Use of PPE respiratory protection in new industries engenders a need for education on program and meet all local the proper use of PPE. Honeywell offers convenient government regulations. In digital apps to help individuals understand the the United States, employers correct ways to wear, use and discard PPE. must comply with OSHA 29CFR1910.134 and in Canada, T oday, we are focusing on choosing the right respirator for the respiratory program the hazard or contaminant, which will go a long way toward must meet the respective protecting workers’ health. According to the National Province’s regulations, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the including compliance with CSA basic purpose of any respirator is simply to protect the respiratory Standard Z94.4, if required. system from inhalation of hazardous atmospheres. NIOSH is the All workers should familiarize organization that provides guidance about respirator research, themselves with the required certification and training. They even created a helpful Guide to Industrial respirators and additional Respiratory Protection. The goal of their certification program is to help personal protective equipment increase worker protection from airborne contaminants by certifying appropriate for their worksites. respirators that meet the minimum performance requirements based on federal regulations. All programs should include evaluation, training and fit testing. Workers should have the opportunity to handle the facepiece or respirator, learn how to inspect it, don and doff, have it properly fitted, wear it in a normal air environment, and finally, wear it in a test atmosphere. vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 27

Respirators Choosing the rated 100 offer 99.97% (OSHA) and the Centers used when Correct Respirator efficiency and are considered for Disease Control and working with High-Efficiency (HE or Prevention (CDC) guidelines airborne Before selecting a respirator, HEPA) filters. before beginning work. N95 particles or there are several factors to respirators typically are not in healthcare consider. First, we need to Bear in mind, NIOSH- tested or certified as offering settings are determine the hazard or certified respirators may not protection against pathogens or designed to fit contaminant. Contaminants can function as intended if the viruses such as COVID-19. tightly to the take the form of particulates, respirator is modified in any face to prevent gases or vapors: way, and such modifications 2. E lastomeric inward can result in serious injury, Respirators leakage and • Particulates include dusts, illness or death. Modifications require a will also void the NIOSH Elastomeric respirators, such as rigorous fitting mists and fumes certification and warranties. half facepiece or full facepiece, process. are tight-fitting respirators • Gases include acid gases like Respirator Options where the facepieces are made of 28 Leader—Summer 2020 1. Disposables thermal elastomers or silicone. chlorine, and other gases These can be used repeatedly, such as ammonia The simplest form of face cleaned, disinfected, stored covering is the surgical mask, and re-used, according to the • Vapors include organic generally made of three layers CDC.2 It is important to note of spun-bond material or that the FDA does require fluid vapors and mercury vapor fabric. They're resistant to resistance or other ASTM testing droplets such as those caused of elastomeric respirators. Next, determine the by coughing or sneezing and concentration level of the are typically used as a barrier The half-facepiece is a tight- contaminant. How much of the for any particles the wearer fitting, air-purifying respirator contaminant is in the work area may expel. These surgical covering the nose and mouth and will the work area be open masks are unable to prevent while the full-facepiece or enclosed? you from breathing in very respirator covers the user’s small viral particles. Most nose, mouth, eyes and face, Then determine how long the surgical masks are not NIOSH offering additional protection. respirator will need to be worn. certified respirators. Those that Elastomeric respirators may Is it just for a few hours at a are NIOSH certified are known also have sealing surfaces time or will it need to be worn as surgical N95 respirators. and adjustable straps that for 8 hours or more each day? accommodate a better fit. Respirators used when Finally, determine if there working with airborne particles 3. P owered Air-Purifying is a need for higher protection or in healthcare settings are Respirators (PAPRS) based on the nature of the designed to fit tightly to the hazard or contaminant. face to prevent inward leakage Powered Air Purifying and require a rigorous fitting Respirators (PAPRS) are used NIOSH tests and certifies process. These respirators when higher respiratory respirators based on their should be selected according protection is required, to physical and performance to the efficiency of respirator defend industrial workers and characteristics, including filters in filtering aerosols, emergency responders from filtration efficiency. Filters are and according to the type of particulates such as silica dust, rated according to whether, procedure to be carried out. bacteria, mold spores and and how quickly, they degrade heavy dust. PAPRS are a type when exposed to oil-based N95 filtering facepiece of air-purifying respirator aerosols or whether they do not respirators, also known as that use a battery-operated degrade. The rating has both a disposables, have become motor blower to pull ambient letter and a number. a popular choice for use by air through an air-purifying healthcare workers in contact element to the inlet covering. • N: Not for use with oil-based with patients with infections Simply put, the system uses that can be transmitted a blower instead of lung aerosols, degrades quickly. through airborne droplets. power to draw air through When working with airborne the filter. This allows the user • R: Restricted use. Change after particles, we recommend to breathe comfortably with checking with your supervisor, less resistance, as the airflow 1 shift as it starts to degrade. facility, Occupational Safety is delivered directly into the and Health Administration headgear from the blower. • P: Oil Proof, does not degrade when exposed to oil-based aerosols. • Number: Particulate filters are rated 95, 99 or 100, which corresponds to the percentage of one micrometer particles removed by the filter. A 95 rating means that the filter removes 95% of particles of that size from the air. Filters vpppa.org

Although there may be a pressurized with breathing • Gas and vapor cartridges Health and higher capital expenditure air, and additional air is drawn safety is the when choosing to implement in based upon the wearer’s should be changed based top priority PAPRs into an employer’s breathing requirements). on a site-specific change when anyone respiratory protection program, Pressure demand SARs require out schedule is working this expense may be justified a high-pressure supply source with or around since PAPRs may: due to their performance • Keep Dry: Filters and hazardous requirements. A high-pressure materials. • Reduce the need for fit testing supply source would be either cartridges become ineffective a cylinder or “cascaded” when they get wet. This is also Leader—Summer 2020 29 if used with loose-fitting cylinders of breathing air, or true for disposable respirators. facepieces, hoods or helmets the compressed air supply within a facility as long as it • Discard: Throw away any • Increase comfort to the wearer is filtered and monitored to • Integrate multiple types of ensure it meets OSHA’s purity broken or dirty/damaged requirements for breathing air.1 respirators or replace the PPE into one NIOSH-approved damaged parts. For instance, system (head, eye, face and In addition to finding the Elastomeric masks are respiratory protection) right respirator for the hazard, designed to be repaired, you should think about comfort, not tossed. 4. S upplied Air fit and price. Disposable Respirators respirators that include an Lastly, as the need for PPE for use in public spaces Supplied-Air Respirator increases, choosing the Systems (SARs) utilize air from right mask for the hazard an external air source that is couldn’t be more important. Workers should speak with With the increase in demand for respirators, their supervisors and safety Honeywell has increased production of managers about specific N95 respirators at multiple facilities and respirators, their employer’s has developed convenient safety packs written respiratory protection for use when traveling by air. program and additional worksite requirements. independent of the hazardous adjustable nose clip offer a environment. The basic SAR better fit for more facial sizes With the increase in demand is comprised of a respirator and types. Disposables with an for respirators, Honeywell has facepiece—which could be a exhalation valve will be cooler increased production of N95 tight-fitting half mask or full- and minimize the build-up of respirators at multiple facilities face mask, or a loose-fitting carbon dioxide inside the mask. and has developed convenient hood or helmet assembly— safety packs for use when connected via an air supply hose Any time you are working traveling by air. The kits, which to a source of breathing air.1 with or around hazardous come in sealed packets, contain materials that require a gloves, masks and wipes and Basic SARs are most respirator remember to practice are designed to better protect commonly used in either one these safety tips: airline passengers and crew of two modes: continuous flow while flying. (the breathing air flows into the • Change filter: Filters should facepiece at a standard, steady Health and safety is the rate) or pressure demand be changed when: top priority when anyone (the facepiece is continually is working with or around • Breathing becomes difficult hazardous materials. Evaluating • The filter is getting clogged and understanding the nature of the hazard, its concentration with the particulates level and the necessary duration of wear helps the user choose the right respirator. FOR MORE INFORMATION: safety.honeywell.com/en-us/software-and-services/mobile-apps-and-online-tools aerospace.honeywell.com/en/pages/cleaner-air-travel SOURCES: 1 www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.134 2 www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/elastomeric-respirators-strategy/index.html vpppa.org

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING A Primer on Permeation, Penetration, and Degradation 30 Leader—Summer 2020 By Norman W. Henry III, Curtis Hintz & Robert N. Phalen *This article originally appeared in April 2020 issue of The Synergist©, the magazine of AIHA©. vpppa.org

The mantra is that protective clothing is the “last line of defense” against chemical exposure, used when engineering and administrative controls cannot be applied or when there is a residual risk after their implementation. However, even though industrial hygienists (IH) are trained to treat chemical protective clothing (CPC) as a last resort, it remains common in many workplace scenarios. For example, handling chemicals at all stages of production and use, from the research lab to the waste facility, is often done manually, with the protection of gloves and garments, so that the risk of potential skin contact cannot be avoided. Furthermore, proper CPC should always be available in the event of a chemical spill or other emergency. IHs know the importance on test data generated from standard In June 2020, Wiley will publish of CPC, but not always methods, such as ASTM F739, first an updated Quick Selection Guide of the extent to which CPC published in 1983. Chemical Protective Clothing, 7th materials can resist any of Edition. It provides permeation data on the numerous chemicals present in the This article focuses on common approximately 1,000 chemicals, brands, workplace, particularly those new to CPC testing standards. Not all and mixtures for 27 representative barrier the market. In these circumstances, IHs testing standards are available materials produced by manufacturers. continually face the problem of how to for all products. The three main select appropriate CPC while lacking data types of testing used to assess CPC Breakthrough Time on the materials’ chemical resistance. chemical resistance are penetration, A study reported in the 1971 chapter on degradation, and permeation. The BT is the time to first detection, in protective clothing in the CRC Handbook minutes, of the chemical passing through of Laboratory Safety evaluated the Permeation Testing the material to the inner side. Due to the permeation of aromatic amines through differences in sensitivities of analytical the neoprene suits used at a plant Permeation is the process by which a methods, BT is often normalized (NBT) to where workers experienced cyanosis liquid or gas moves through a protective represent detection of a specific amount (blue appearance of the skin, indicating clothing material, glove, suit, or in µg per cm2 of material. Caution lack of oxygen in the blood). The study other garment on a molecular basis. must be exercised when comparing BT determined that butyl was more resistant Permeation requires the sorption of data, as detection limits vary among to amines than neoprene. After the plant liquid or gas molecules into the outer sources. The value of having a BT, or changed to butyl suits, cases of cyanosis material surface, diffusion of these better yet, an NBT, is that it provides an decreased. The first permeation test molecules through the material, and indication of how long the material will cell generated the data to support the then subsequent desorption from the resist a chemical before it contacts the permeation resistance of butyl. A standard opposite side (Figure 1). Under ideal underlying skin. However, BT does not test method was needed in order to conditions, this process obeys Fick’s indicate the amount of a chemical that determine permeation resistance. At that Law of diffusion and is very predictable. will permeate in a given amount of time time, only the NIOSH criteria documents With chemical permeation, the two key or account for the chemical’s toxicity or on various commodity chemicals reported measures are the breakthrough detection any hazard associated with it. guidance on permeation resistance, time (BT) and the permeation rate (PR). recommending simply that workers Together the BT and PR provide the end Permeation Rate wear “impervious” protective gloves and user with critical information on “how suits, often without mention of specific soon” and “how fast” the chemical The PR, in units of µg/cm2/min, is materials. Fortunately, IHs have made permeates the CPC. Manufacturers that either a maximum rate of permeation great strides since the 1970s and into the conduct permeation testing with their or the rate at equilibrium (known as the 21st century. We are now able to select products often provide this data to steady-state permeation rate or SSPR). appropriate protective clothing based customers in chemical resistance charts, The permeation rate indicates how fast along with penetration and degradation the chemical will move through the data in some cases. material following breakthrough, which vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 31

Figure 1. Permeation is the process by which a liquid or gas moves Unfortunately, despite recent penetration by liquid chemicals. through protective clothing on a molecular basis. efforts, they are not well Solids, gases, and biological harmonized. For a complete materials can also penetrate Figure 2. The ASTM F739 test cell. review of current practices CPC but are evaluated by and test methods for chemical different methods. can be of importance with more permeation, we recommend hazardous substances. Where “Glove Permeation of Chemicals: The F903 and ISO 13994 the BT provides a lag-time for The State of the Art of Current methods test penetration by exposure, the PR can give a more Practice, Part 1,” published in applying the challenge agent reliable indication of potential the December 2019 issue of to the outside surface of a skin exposure over time. the Journal of Occupational test specimen of a protective and Environmental Hygiene. garment within a special For More Information The paper compares various test cell. Typically, the on Standards standards for testing, identifies challenge agent is also slightly research gaps, and even pressurized for part of the The American National discusses the value of whole test cycle. Several different Standards Institute, glove testing and simulated pressure or time sequences for ASTM International, the movement. The authors state different situations are listed International Organization that ASTM F739 and the original in the standard. For example, for Standardization, and 1-inch test cell (Figure 2) should Procedure C, specified by NFPA the National Fire Protection be the primary permeation test for testing protective garments Association have published cell for all the standards. They for emergency response, calls permeation standards. also recommend harmonization for 0 pounds per square inch among standards, especially gauge (psig) for 5 minutes, in the determination of a followed by 2 psig for 1 minute, normalized BT and SSPR. followed by 0 psig for 54 minutes. The test lasts for 60 Harmonization and further minutes and results in either a improvement will likely simplify “pass” or a “fail.” (Observation CPC selection, help expand of the challenge agent on existing databases, and instill the inside surface of the test more confidence among end specimen results in a fail.) The users, but use of more innovative time needed to reach this point equipment and analytical is recorded for the chemical in instrumentation for testing question, and the manufacturer would add cost to products. For reports to customers. now, we must select appropriate protective clothing using the Use of Penetration Data current available test methods for permeation, with an Often, the best source of understanding that different penetration data is the manufacturers use different manufacturer of the protective test methods. garment in question. However, recognizing whether the Penetration Testing provided data is for penetration as opposed to permeation, Penetration is the flow of a and understanding the chemical through zippers, difference between the two, weak seams, pinholes, cuts, can be difficult for end users or imperfections on a non- selecting CPC. Manufacturers molecular level. Penetration of of protective garments often chemicals through protective provide penetration data for clothing can result in dermal products intended for chemical exposures, but typically on a splash situations where actual larger scale than is seen exposure is unlikely. In the with permeation. event of chemical contact, the expectation is that the wearer Standard test methods will stop the task and doff the for determining penetration contaminated garment before include ASTM F903 and the chemical permeates it. In ISO 13994, which focus on 32 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

contrast, manufacturers of elastomers and coated fabrics. Table 1. Degradation Ranking Based on Weight Change garments for severe scenarios The chemical contact time Source: AIHA Chemical Protective Clothing, 2nd Edition where contact is expected likely and temperature varies, so provide permeation data instead results are not comparable Norman W. Henry III, MS, CIH, FAIHA, is a consultant for Safety and Health of penetration data. from one dataset to the next. by Protection (SHBP). Interpretation of the results Ideally, the data will be is not well defined, and Curtis Hintz, CIH, CSP, is an industrial hygiene manager with The Dow clearly identified as either performance ratings can vary. Chemical Company in Freeport, Texas. permeation or penetration, The AIHA Chemical Protective but users should also pay Clothing book provides an Robert N. Phalen, PhD, CIH, FAIHA, is an associate professor of attention to any footnotes or example (Table 1) of how one Occupational Safety and Health at University of Houston-Clear Lake in comments that identify the manufacturer rated degradation Houston, Texas. test method used. As discussed based on weight change. in this article, ASTM F903 is RESOURCES: commonly used for determining ANSI/ISEA 105 AIHA: Chemical Protective Clothing, Second Edition (2003). resistance to penetration while AIHA: Personal Protective Clothing in The Occupational Environment: ASTM F739 is the method The ANSI/ISEA 105 degradation Its Evaluation, Control and Management, Third Edition (2011). of choice for determining method relates more to testing American National Standards Institute: ANSI/ISEA 105, American resistance to permeation. chemical protective gloves National Standard for Hand Protection Classification (2016). and puncture resistance, but ASTM International: ASTM D471, Standard Test Method for Rubber Degradation Testing results can indicate chemical Property—Effect of Liquids (2016). degradation and incompatibility. ASTM International: ASTM F739, Standard Test Method for Permeation Chemical degradation is a Significant changes in puncture of Liquids and Gases Through Protective Clothing Materials Under change in one or more physical resistance can indicate chemical Conditions of Continuous Contact (2012). properties of a material following action on the material and ASTM International: ASTM F903, Standard Test Method for Resistance of contact with a chemical. It changes in its molecular Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids (2018). is an indication that certain structure. More notably, the CRC: “Protective Clothing” in CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety (1971). chemical action on the material method provides a consistent International Organization for Standardization: ISO 13994, Clothing for will degrade its desired barrier set of testing conditions and a Protection against Liquid Chemicals—Determination of the Resistance properties. The data may be rating scale ranging from one to of Protective Clothing Materials to Penetration by Liquids Under useful to end users, but more so nine, which allows end users to Pressure (2005). for manufacturers to ensure that compare and choose products International Organization for Standardization: ISO EN 374-4, reliable chemical permeation that meet their needs. Determination of Resistance to Degradation by Chemicals (2013). testing can be performed. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene: “Glove EN 374-4 Permeation of Chemicals: The State of the Art of Current Practice, Part 1: In most testing strategies, Basics and the Permeation Standards” (December 2019). the chemical is immersed or The EN 374-4 method is similar Wiley: Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, Sixth put in contact with one side of to ANSI/ISEA 105 but does not Edition (June 2014). the material for a set time, at include a rating scale and also an elevated temperature, and allows for evaluating weight then evaluated for changes change. The percent change may in weight, thickness, volume, not be reported to end users. tensile properties (associated with molecular structure), or Protecting the Skin other physical characteristics such as color or shape. The The skin is the second most results can indicate chemical important route of exposure incompatibility and potential in the workplace. While IHs for product failure but may not are well aware of chemical correlate with the product’s protective clothing, they may barrier properties under use. The not be as knowledgeable of the three common testing standards tests used to determine CPC used with CPC are ASTM D471, performance. Knowing the basics ANSI/ISEA 105, and EN 374-4. of permeation, penetration, and degradation can help IHs ASTM D471 and end users select the best garments for protecting against The ASTM D471 method is dermal exposures. often used with rubber-like This article can also be found online at synergist.aiha.org/202004-chemical-protective-clothing-101?utm_source=Twitter&utm_ medium=social&utm_term=AIHA+Main. This article originally appeared in April 2020 issue of The Synergist©, the magazine of AIHA©. vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 33

By International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA) Safety and prevention T he National Institute A Bigger Problem at work means different for Occupational Than We Know Safety and Health things to different (NIOSH) estimates While these numbers are people in different that 30 million U.S. workers are shocking, they are likely low. careers. To some, it’s exposed to noise levels high According to NIOSH, to be protecting hands or enough to cause irreversible officially recorded in OSHA’s feet, others watch for hearing loss. According to the statistics, a person’s hearing falling objects and Centers for Disease Control and loss must be ruled work- many protect their eyes Prevention (CDC), workplace- related, and the hearing loss and face from potential related hearing loss is the most must be severe enough that the dangers. However, one commonly reported injury. In worker has become hearing- of the most common fact, an estimated 24 percent impaired. Given hearing loss is workplace hazards isn’t of all hearing loss in the United a gradual process, a worker can States has been attributed to have measurable occupational seen—it’s heard. workplace exposure. hearing loss, but not yet be deemed “hearing-impaired.” As such, it should come as no surprise that hearing loss While the Bureau of Labor disability is costing employers Statistics says occupational an estimated $242 million hearing loss is the most in workers’ compensation commonly recorded work- payments each year. related illness in manufacturing, for example, accounting for one Not only is hearing damage in nine recordable illnesses, devastating to the worker and those numbers don’t include costly for the employer, but it the many other workers whose can contribute to workplace hearing loss has not yet reached underperformance and increase its worst level. chances for added injury due to reduced situational awareness “Employers and workers or the inability to hear a need to take this seriously,” warning siren or signal. urges International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA) 34 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

President Charles Johnson. “Permanent hearing loss is irreversible. It’s personally and economically devastating. But, it’s usually preventable with proper hearing protection.” When Can Hearing recommended amount of HearingAtWork.org to download “Requiring the 85-3 system Damage Occur? exposure time. apps and request free earplugs. would dampen the harmful effects of noise-induced If you need to raise your voice Occupational Hearing There is More hearing loss in the workplace,” to speak to someone three feet Loss is Preventable to be Done said Dan Glucksman, director away, noise levels might be of government affairs at ISEA. over 85 decibels. Decibels are Because hearing damage is If 85 dBA is the level at which “Individuals with hearing loss, measured on a logarithmic cumulative and permanent, it is it is recommended hearing including those who lost their scale, which means that a important, and often required, protective equipment be used to hearing because of workplace small change in the number for businesses to protect prevent hearing loss, then that exposures, may suffer of decibels results in a huge workers’ hearing. is the level at which hearing depression, stress and social change in the amount of noise protection should be required. isolation, with significant costs and the potential damage to a OSHA requires workers to to state healthcare systems. It person's hearing. For example, wear well-fit hearing protection So believes the Occupational benefits employers, businesses if a sound is 80 decibels, and including ear plugs, muffs, or Hearing Health Coalition and the government to set more we add another 10 decibels, the both, when engineering, or (American Academy of conservative requirements on sound will be 10X more intense. administrative controls are not Audiology, American Industrial par with the rest of the world.” feasible to reduce exposure. Hygiene Association, American Everyday noises, especially Hearing protection is part of a Speech Language and Hearing Coalition members would in the workplace, are more hearing conservation program, Association, ISEA, National welcome support from dangerous than people realize. which is required when noise Safety Council and North safety leaders. Right now, Carpenters are exposed to exposure exceeds 85 dBA. A America’s Building Trades the Coalition is asking the 85-90 dBA (dBA scale is based hearing conservation program Union), which seeks support Michigan legislature to support on intensity and on how the consists of the following elements: for lowering both the PEL for a resolution calling on the human ear responds), while hazardous occupational noise state to adopt a non-binding groundskeepers are exposed to • Monitoring noise levels to 85 dBA and the exchange rate appendix that would show 82-102 dBA. • Audiometric testing to 3 dBA. employers how to structure an 85-3-based hearing How Noise is Regulated (hearing test) Most other nations have conservation program. After in the Workplace adopted the more conservative that, the Coalition plans to • Training noise protection levels of the reach out to other states. OSHA sets legal limits on noise • Access to hearing 85-3 system. Multi-state exposure in the workplace based companies such as United If your company has on a worker's time-weighted protective equipment Technologies Corp., Vulcan operations in Michigan or average over an eight-hour day. Materials, Northrup Grumman California, and you would OSHA's permissible exposure Noises over 85 dBA warrant and Colgate-Palmolive have like to join this effort, please limit (PEL) for sound is 90 dBA the use of protection. Without already taken this positive contact Dan Glucksman, for all workers for an eight-hour proper protection, prolonged step to protect their workers. ISEA’s public affairs day. The OSHA standard uses noise exposure in a factory The Department of Defense director, at 703-795- a 5-dBA exchange rate. This setting can compound the (DoD) requires use of hearing 6064 or at dglucksman@ means that for every doubling hearing loss incurred from protectors when noise levels safetyequipment.org. of noise (measured in decibels), everyday noises. reach 85 dBA. the safe exposure that a person can withstand (measured in Multiple smart phone time) must be cut in half. apps are available to help measure sound level. Visit NIOSH recommends that all worker exposures to noise should be controlled below a level equivalent to 85 dBA for eight hours. NIOSH also recommends a 3-dBA exchange rate so that every increase by 3 dBA doubles the amount of the noise and halves the vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 35

Improving WFIT PPE FOR Impacts the Psychosocial Safety of All Workers By Abby Ferri, CSP Like NASA’s women's spacesuit fit controversy of 2019, the coronavirus pandemic made PPE headline news again in 2020. Recent studies have shown that 77 percent of workers who are in the most high-risk and high-exposure jobs in terms of exposure to coronavirus are women . . . 36 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

These women workers are manufacturing, and impact of ill-fitting PPE should more likely to be exposed to transportation have grown, not be ignored as it can lead because of lack of properly increasing 23.5 percent from to injuries, poor performance, fitting PPE. Photos of healthcare 2016 to 2017 per the BLS, now and difficulty in retaining professionals with bruises and making up 9.1 percent of the good workers because they abrasions on their faces from construction workforce and 29 feel indifferent about the poorly fitting PPE were shared percent of the manufacturing organization’s safety culture. widely on social media, and workforce per a 2016 Deloitte nurses retooled 20-year old study. This trend will continue A 2008 U.S. Army focus group stockpiles of expired masks by as studies show that companies report found that the Army’s stapling the crumbling straps to with high gender diversity are 21 traditional unisex combat the facepiece and then putting a percent more likely to experience uniforms, essentially designed homemade cloth mask over that higher than average profitability for men, fit women poorly in for extra “protection.” Grass (McKinsey & Co, 2018). This their shoulders, bust, hips, and roots community initiatives growing population of dynamic seat. The Army redesigned their formed to help these workers: and productive workers deserve unisex combat uniform as a step individuals used their personal better options than being left to further integrate women into 3D printers to make spacers to DIY or otherwise expected the U.S. Armed Services. The new uniform was designed to help WOMEN for respirator straps, and to take matters into their own women feel more professional, home crafters knitted similar hands for properly fitted PPE. and featured narrower shoulders, solutions and cloth masks. Considering women’s fit and a slightly tapered waist, and a function positively impacts more spacious seat. The new This do-it-yourself (DIY) workers of all genders, height, uniform was also intended for mindset has been on jobsites, weight, and other dimensions by better comfort and aesthetics manufacturing floors, oilfields ensuring availability of more size for both women and men, and and other workplace settings and fit options in the workplace. 94% of respondents remarked for years as women have that the cut of the new combat cuffed, pinned, sliced and sewn This shift has been slow in uniform allowed them to present solutions for ill-fitting PPE. industries that usually consider a better military appearance. Most of this homemade PPE the male body as the default, provided women an unsafe universal, or neutral starting The Army successfully or unapproved garment as in point. Consider the significant used anthropometric data to the case with altering flame height discrepancy between design their new uniforms. resistant (FR) clothing. The DIY the average American man at Anthropometry is the science approach has no place in our 5 feet 9 inches tall and average of defining human body workplaces where professionals American woman at 5 feet 4 dimensions and physical have access to assessment tools inches tall (CDC). Designing or characteristics. Coincidentally, to identify what workers need to purchasing PPE for the average most anthropometric data used protect them and the ability to person of any gender leaves for PPE and apparel for the non- purchase the necessary gear. many workers lacking PPE that military workforce is based on fits and can leave them feeling men in the military in the 1950s The number of women in under protected, undervalued and 1970s. Just like the U.S. Army traditionally male-populated and anxious. The psychosocial found, our modern workforces fields like construction, vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 37

As inclusivity, are more diverse than those scientific challenges related to fit diversity, and early samples, and new data and function. equity concerns are should be gathered and acted more intentionally upon. The National Institute for Back in 1999, between and thoughtfully Occupational Safety and Health the establishment of the two approached by (NIOSH) has led this effort with NIOSH Anthropometry Labs, safety professionals their Anthropometry Labs in the Department of Labor’s and their Morgantown and Pittsburgh Health and Safety of Women organizations, PPE developed in 1995 and 2001 in Construction (HASWIC) can be a catalyst respectively. The stationary workgroup published a report and driving force. and mobile lab technology uses “Women in the Construction 3-dimensional digital scanning Workplace: Providing Equitable to develop computer-generated Safety and Health Protection\" human models. The process uses which unfortunately still rings hand-held scanning devices true. At that time, PPE was that quickly produce high- one of seven improvement resolution scans. While this is areas identified, with fit and great information, it is not yet availability being top concerns. widely used in PPE and apparel With little movement on these manufacturing to solve real and topics in the past 20+ years, a committee of American Society of Before and after Safety Professionals (ASSP) and Photo Courtesy of PEO Soldier ill-fitting PPE. International Safety Equipment (www.stripes.com/news/army- Association (ISEA) members uniform-designed-for-women- Photo Credit: Jane Henry, Founder of SeeHerWork convened in the fall of 2019 to now-for-all-1.191106#gallery) develop guidance for safety professionals and others who titled “Guidance for the Fit select and purchase PPE for and Selection of Personal women in various industries. Protection Equipment and Apparel Available for Women.” The ASSP/ISEA committee The committee consists of was established as an action 13 professionals in various item following the ASSP’s industries and roles in EH&S, Women’s Workplace Safety and the manufacturing and Summit in the fall of 2018. At distribution of PPE. The final that event, keynote speaker product will be a document of value to safety professionals, Cori Wong, Ph.D., assistant PPE and apparel manufacturers, vice president for gender distributors, and those making equity at Colorado State PPE purchasing decisions. University, introduced the concept of “going to the As inclusivity, diversity, margins of the margins” and equity concerns are more intentionally and to address challenges. By thoughtfully approached by doing this, she explained, safety professionals and their safety professionals can organizations, PPE can be a identify solutions that have a catalyst and driving force. positive impact on the greater PPE will always be the “last workplace, not just those who resort” when considering how need extra support. As the ASSP/ to protect workers from an ISEA committee applies this identified hazard, but it can be thinking to the context of PPE a first glance way of evaluating fit, the margins of the margins a workplace’s culture. When are women in our workplaces workers are provided properly who are short and curvy, tall fitted PPE and apparel, they with a larger than average shoe navigate the workplace more size, as well as men who may confidently with the mindset be shorter, taller, narrower or wider than average. The committee is currently drafting the ASSP/ISEA Z590.6 Technical Report 38 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

that their employer has publication until late 2020 or them questions, provide genuinely considered their early 2021. Safety professionals sample PPE and apparel needs. This improved outlook already have access to the best for rigorous testing and provides obvious benefit for resources to solve the PPE fit feedback in real work the individual, and has positive issue and immediately begin situations, and continue implications for crew, team, and to impact the psychosocial to educate yourself on organizational performance. safety of their workplace, anthropometric data to make that resource is the workers better purchasing decisions The ASSP/ISEA Z590.6 of your organization. Ask rooted in science. Technical Report is not due for SOURCES: Pictured above: Article author and www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/03/28/nasas-spacesuit-saga-women-see-their-own-stories/ safety professional, Abby Ferri. autonomy.work/portfolio/jari/ time.com/5807918/health-care-workers-selfies-coronavirus-covid-19/ www.kare11.com/article/news/investigations/hcmc-nurses-wear-expired-masks/89-b1763ab2-d7b9- 44b6-b0f1-6d2a152d5496 mnnurses.org/cloth-masks-really/ www.sdstate.edu/news/2020/04/graduate-uses-3d-printer-make-facemask-strips www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/delivering-through-diversity www.ishn.com/articles/102057-keeping-workers-safe-through-anthropometric-research www.osha.gov/doc/accsh/haswicformal.html thecollaborative.colostate.edu/ Onyebeke LC, Papazaharias DM, Freund A, et al. Access to properly fitting personal protective equipment for female construction workers. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59(11):1032-1040. doi:10.1002/ajim.22624 trYuour sted advisor with innovative safety solutions. Trust Dräger to grow and support your business. No matter the industry, Dräger is a proven leader in safety equipment, from our fixed fire and gas detection systems to our portable gas detection and respiratory protection lines. And after 130 years, we continue to share our expertise to meet the business goals of our family of partners. See how becoming a Dräger manufacturer rep or channel partner puts trusted advisors by your side for product distribution and profits. For more info, call 1-800-4DRAGER or visit us at www.draeger.com. Dräger. Technology for Life® vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 39

INNOVATING BEYOND S&HRPIINNKK IITTBy:GabriellaDeYoe,FreelanceWriter&RoboticsCoach 40 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

T What is PPE? evidence of a pent-up ded. The Omega EH safety T With legacy safety equipment boot is perfect for women PPE (Personal Protective companies focused on the more in manufacturing and Equipment) is protective lucrative volumes of men’s gear, construction, or similarly Pictured above: Anastasia Kraft, clothing, gloves, shoes, this has left the door wide open demanding industries, who want Founder of Xena Workwear. helmets and more, designed for driven women to innovate on a fashionable look and ankle to protect the wearer from behalf of their fellow ladies. stability. Named after the unit for Leader—Summer 2020 41 dangers in their surrounding electrical resistance (Ω), Omegas environments. From engineers to Women are done have an official Electrical Hazard construction workers to nurses, rating from ASTM, protecting thousands of careers require waiting and have the wearer from inadvertent the use of protective equipment. electrical shock. Xena has also Historically, the demanding taken matters into just announced the release of industries requiring the use of a brand new Omega variant PPE have been dominated by their own hands. . . in a smoky gray, marking the men, who are over-represented brand’s first vegan leather in STEM and the trades. This Anastasia Kraft is one such offering. By using a breathable, resulted in equipment companies innovator who set out to forever high performance material, focusing their product offerings change the perception of steel the company hopes to shift the to accommodate male bodies. toe shoes. Ana’s story is similar public’s poor perception of early Meanwhile for women, their to thousands of women in the generation vegan leathers and proposed solution was to shrink manufacturing industry. She focus on the amazing material the men’s gear and add some loved her job but felt incredibly science developments of the “girly” colors to it. frustrated by the lack of past few years. women’s safety shoe options This “shrink it and pink it” on the market. Being forced to Confidence is in style approach, results in potential wear bulky work boots while safety hazards due to ill-fitting maintaining a professional dress PPE should be versatile and workwear with clothing that code proved to be a constant prepared for any environment, is too loose and long in some challenge. With absolutely just like the women who wear places, and too tight and no options on the market for it. Xena subscribes to this belief awkward in others. Additionally, fashionable steel-toe boots, Ana and their boots are made to the PPE industry has largely took it upon herself to fuse safety take women from the shop prioritized utility over aesthetics, and style into a unified concept, floor to the board room, feeling with a primary focus on function. founding Xena Workwear. confident and powerful the Wearing male-oriented form entire time. Wearing Xena means factors, women inadvertently Shoes, shoes, shoes women in demanding industries dress down, coming to work in are truly dressed for success. clothing that does not represent Anastasia spent two years their personality. These dedicating herself to learning For Xena Workwear, it’s psychological factors have been about safety standards, shoe- about so much more than just shown to negatively impact both craft and developing the world’s the shoes. The overwhelming performance and promotability. first truly stylish ASTM-certified gender disparity in the STEM Women deserve PPE that is safety shoe for women. fields is always top of mind. made specifically for their bodies That thought ultimately drives while inspiring confidence and Xena currently offers four Xena’s vision—to strengthen a allowing them to bring their different models and ships growing community of female entire self to work. them worldwide. The Gravity leaders who will inspire the next and Gravity ESD shoes are generation of girls to explore Designed by women, stunning steel toes that are careers in STEM and the trades. for women the first of their kind, offering women an opportunity to The dream is a workforce Women are done waiting and wear a stable yet stylish heels full of women, feeling have taken matters into their while on the job. Additionally, unencumbered by man-made own hands, founding their own the ESD variant features an limitations, wearing their equipment companies focused on Electrostatic Dissipative confidence like a badge. female-centric product design. certification, helpful for those The push for gender-specific in the chemical and electronics And sometimes, that badge PPE is a recent one but the manufacturing industries. looks like a pair of badass boots. early success stories of female entrepreneurs in this space is vpppa.org

FEATURED P R O D U C T S RADIANS, INC. GLENGUARD Radians SV59W—Type R/ Class 2 Ladies Heavy Women’s Ariat FR Featherlight Work Shirt Duty Surveyor Safety Vest Rich Lippert Mary Padron [email protected] / 336-227-6211 [email protected] / 901-266-2533 www.glenguard.com www.radians.com The Ariat® flame-resistant Featherlight Work Shirt, made Made for women, by women, the SV59W ladies vest from ultralight 5.3 oz 100 percent inherent GlenGuard® fabric, offers the ultimate in lightweight protection. Made features a zipper closure, a large back “plan” pocket, with Moisture Movement Technology™ to keep you cool and dry, the Featherlight is built to fight the heat. reinforced wear points, and long-wearing web reinforcement along outer edges. To customize fit, use the cinch inside the back “plan” pocket. 3M vpppa.org 3M™ SecureFit™ Protective Eyewear Christian Plewacki [email protected] www.3m.com/3M/en_US/worker-health-safety-us/ personal-protective-equipment/secure-fit/ A patented design that self-adjusts to individual head sizes and shapes. This design provides the same level of comfort to individuals across a diverse workforce. 42 Leader—Summer 2020

PPE FOR WOMEN Be sure to check out all of these featured products and companies online! MAJESTIC GLOVE BOLLE SAFETY 75-3239W High Visibility Mesh Vest with DOT RUSH+SMALL : Safety glasses that fit your needs Reflective Chainsaw Striping Bill Godfrey Steve Kirk [email protected] / 1-913-202-2711 [email protected] www.bollesafety-usa.com www.majesticglove.com Because we are all different, you have unique needs in Intensify your safety standards with Majestic's line of high regards to safety eyewear. Bollé Safety has designed these visibility safety vests specifically designed for women. ultra-wraparound and comfortable Z87+ safety glasses to Featuring breathable chainsaw reflective striping with DOT protect all people. Designed on the basis of our top seller contrast, drawstring adjustable waist, seven pockets, heavy product, RUSH+ SMALL’s frame was modified to perfectly duty zipper closure, mic tabs, and side zippers for relief from fit narrow faces, with the guarantee of the utmost safety. binding. Meets ANSI/ISEA 107-2015 class 2, type R standard. Coupled with our exclusive Platinum® AS/AF coating, RUSH+ SMALL are available in a wide range of lenses technologies to protect you in all environments. QUAD CITY SAFETY Leader—Summer 2020 43 Women’s Protective Footwear Dalene Shaw [email protected] / 563-445-2170 boots.quadcitysafety.com Don’t get stuck wearing men’s footwear in smaller sizes. Women are an essential part of the industrial workforce. That is why we have a full line of boots and shoes tailored to your needs. vpppa.org

Membership Corner Summer Members Follow us on VPPPA + MindWise Innovations Monthly of the Month social media! Behavioral Health Q&A Column Congratulations to our Facebook To continue the important conversations that were the Summer (June, July, August) @VPPPA focus of the Winter 2020 issue of the Leader magazine Members of the Month: Paul (mental health and the workplace), VPPPA has partnered Schimelpfenig, Kelli Heflin Twitter: with experts at MindWise Innovations to present a monthly and Vicky Stansifer. Want to @VPPPA Q&A article addressing questions that members might be nominate someone for VPPPA hesitant to ask about. These online columns will address Member of the Month? Email Instagram: your questions about mental health, substance abuse, brain [email protected]. You @VPPPA_Inc injuries, family issues and more. We will be posting a new can also check out all of the column on the third Thursday of each month. To submit previous Members of the LinkedIn: your own question, visit: learn.mindwise.org/qa. Month on our website. VPPPA, Inc. VPPPA webinars are a great way to get the VPPPA Wins Three APEX Awards most out of your membership! The 32 Annual Awards for Publications Visit vpppa.org/educations/webinars for a listing of Excellence (APEX Awards), released their upcoming webinars. 2020 winners, and VPPPA was chosen for three awards. cost $85VPPPA webinars VPPPA was a Grand Award Winner for for non-members Design & Illustration for the Autumn 2019 Issue of the Leader magazine. As a VPPPA member you currently have VPPPA also received an Award of Excellence recognition in the category 20accwesesbtoinovaerr s Magazines, Journals, & Tabloid’s—Most Improved, for the Leader. Rounding up the three awards was another Award of Excellence Recognition in the Social Media Blog Content Category for the VPPPA Blog. $1,700$85 x 20 webinars = worth of content for ONE membership! 44 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org

OSHA Safe + Sound Campaign Go Home Safe and Sound Safe + Sound is a year- successes of workplace safety workplace or an event that is gov/safeandsound. Once you round campaign that and health programs and free and open to the public. subscribe to the listserv, you encourages every offers information and ideas Activities should directly will receive our “Safe and workplace to have a on how to keep America’s relate to safety and health, Sound At Work” participant safety and health program workers safe. The week-long engage your workers, and be newsletter, which contains that incorporates elements event encourages employers adapted to how your workplace updates like new resources on of management leadership, to highlight employee is currently operating. As an safety and health programs worker participation and contributions to improving organizer, VPPPA will feature or information on Safe + a systematic approach to workplace safety and to launch ways to participate. Sound activities. You can finding and fixing hazards. new safety initiatives. also follow Safe + Sound Implementing a meaningful Join Safe + Sound 2020 activities and share safety and health program In 2019, over 55,000 content on social media using takes dedicated planning, participants received regular Show your commitment to #SafeAndSoundAtWork. but even incremental safety and health messages safety and health by joining Questions? Email us at improvements are valuable. and more than 3,300 Safe + Sound. Sign up for our safeandsoundcampaign@ Safe + Sound emphasizes businesses participated in Safe mailing list at www.osha. dol.gov. that wherever you are in your + Sound Week. safety and health journey, you can always take a step in Last year, VPPPA was a the right direction. Safety and key influencer in promoting health programs can prevent Safe + Sound Week on their workplace illness and injuries, communication channels and improve businesses’ safety providing information on and health performance, safety and health programs. save money and increase Safe + Sound Week is a competitiveness. worthwhile way to engage VPPPA members and to Safe + Sound provides a support safety and health number of resources for small- programs since every worker and medium-sized businesses deserves to go home safe and to help develop their safety and sound at the end of each day. health programs. Register Now Safe + Sound is supported by a team of seven organizers, This year, Safe + Sound Week including VPPPA, as well as will be held from August over 220 partner organizations, 10-16, 2020. Organizations and individual businesses or businesses of any size or who are committed to raising in any industry looking for awareness about workplace an opportunity to show their safety and health. commitment to safety to workers, customers, the public Commemorating Safe or supply chain partners, are + Sound Week 2019 welcome to participate. Safe + Sound Week is a There are several ways to nationwide event held each participate in Safe + Sound August that recognizes the Week. Your company can either host a private event for your vpppa.org Leader—Summer 2020 45

www.vpppa.org PorBpoueadtgsutuhecresteL4Fite2soa–tict4nuh3gre.eocdnk VPPPA National Board of Directors Ad Index Chairperson Advertiser Website Page Vacant AIM www.aimforsafety.com 5 Vice Chairperson Terry Schulte, NuStar Energy, LP Bollé www.bollesafety-usa.com 48 Treasurer Draeger www.draeger.com/en-us_us/Home 39 Vacant Gas Clip www.gascliptech.com 2 Secretary Dan Lazorcak, CSP, Honeywell International Glove Guard gloveguard.com 11 Director from a Site With a Collective Grace Industries www.gracefallsafety.com 25 Bargaining Unit Jack Griffith, CH2M Hill Plateau Roco Rescue www.rocorescue.com 47 Remediation Company Working Concepts www.softknees.com 15 Director from a Site Without a Collective Bargaining Agent VPPPA contacts To reach the VPPPA National Office, call (703) 761-1146 or visit Johnathan “JD” Dyer, Shermco Industries www. vpppa.org. To reach a particular staff member, please refer to the contact information below. Director from a DOE-VPP Site Stacy Thursby, Navarro—DOE Legacy Sara A. Taylor, CMP Jamie Mitchell Management Support Director of Operations Communications Coordinator [email protected] [email protected] Director from a VPP Contractor/ Construction Site Natasha Cole Heidi Hill Brad Gibson, S&B Engineers & Constructors Events Coordinator Senior Event Sales & [email protected] Advertising Coordinator Director-at-Large [email protected] Kristyn Grow, CSP, CHMM, SGE Philecia Marasco Cintas Corporation Registrar & Administrative Coordinator Katlyn Pagliuca [email protected] Membership Manager Director-at-Large [email protected] Sean D. Horne, Valero Energy Kerri Carpenter Communications Sierra Johnson Director-at-Large & Outreach Manager Special Projects Coordinator Vacant [email protected] [email protected] Director-at-Large Shelly Ettel, PCAPP Director-at-Large Bill Linneweh, CSP, Hendrickson International Director-at-Large Andy Youpel, SGE, Brandenburg Industrial Service Company Editor Kerri Carpenter, VPPPA, Inc. Associate Editor Jamie Mitchell, VPPPA, Inc. EDITORIAL MISSION The Leader (ISSN 1081-261X) is published quarterly for VPPPA members. The Leader delivers articles from members for members, safety and health best practices, developments in the field of occupational safety and health, association activities, educational and networking opportunities and the latest VPP approvals. Subscriptions are available for members as part of their membership benefits and at a 50 percent discount beyond the complimentary allotment. The nonmember subscription rate is $25 a year. Ideas and opinions expressed within The Leader represent the independent views of the authors. Postmaster >> Please send address changes to: VPPPA, Inc. • 7600 Leesburg Pike, East Building, Suite 100 • Falls Church, VA 22043-2004 VPPPA, Inc., the premier global safety and health organization, is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) charitable organization that promotes advances in worker safety and health excellence through best practices and cooperative efforts among workers, employers, the government and communities. 46 Leader—Summer 2020 vpppa.org



7600 Leesburg Pike, East Building, Suite 100 Falls Church, VA 22043-2004 Tel: (703) 761-1146 Fax: (703) 761-1148 www.vpppa.org VPPPA, a nonprofit 501(c) (3) charitable organization, promotes advances in worker safety and health excellence through best practices and cooperative efforts among workers, employers, the government and communities. SCAN QR CODE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT VPPPA, INC. http://bit.ly/jVQcBo PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER BAXTER NEW