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Health Science Flipbook Madison Canterbury

Integumentary system- An organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.Vocabulary- Terms/Definitions: 1. Skin- the thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a 1. Derm/o, Dermat/o- skin person or animal 2. Kerat/o- cornea 3. Xer/o- dry, dryness 2. Hair- any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans, 4. Xanth/o- yellow, yellowish mammals, and some other animals 5. Erythr/o- red 6. Pedicu/o- fingernail or toenail 3. Nails- the flattish horny part on the upper surface of the tip of each finger or toe 7. Onych/o- pertaining to the 4. Keratin- a fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, feathers, nails 8. Myc/o- fungus hoofs, claws, horns, etc 9. Pil/o- hair 5. Dermis- the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis 6. Epidermis- the surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis 10. Lip/o- fatty, lipid 7. Sweat glands- a small gland that secretes sweat, situated in the dermis of the 11. Rhytid/o- wrinkle 12. Albin/o- pigmentation skin 8. Subcutaneous layer- the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates 9. Eczema- An itchy inflammation of the skin Disease/Disorders: 10. Acne- the occurrence of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin Careers: 1. Acne- the occurrence of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the 1. Plastic skin surgeons 2. Rash- an area of redding of a person’s skin 2. Physical 3. Sunburn- reddening, inflammation, and, in severe cases, blistering and therapists peeling of the skin caused by overexposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun. 4. Skin cancer- the abnormal growth of skin cells

Musculoskeletal system- Provides form, support, stability and movement to the body. Vocabulary- Terms/Definitions: 1. Bone process- projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body 1. my/o- muscle 2. Compact bone- hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion 2. myel/o- bone marrow or spinal of the bones cord 3. Disc- flat, round, plate-like structure 3. oste/o- bone 4. Osseous tissue- bone tissue 4. cost/o- rib 5. Ribs- twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall 5. crani/o- cranium 6. Rotation- circular movement around an axis 6. -pexy- surgical fixation or 7. Sinus- hollow air cavity within a bone suspension 8. Smooth muscle- visceral muscle 7. chondr/o- cartilage 9. Tendon- connective tissue that binds muscles to bone 8. arthr/o- joint 10. Visceral muscle- muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth 9. -plegia- paralysis, stroke muscle 10. kinesi/o- movement Disease/Disorders: Careers: 1. Tendinitis- a condition in which the tissue connecting muscle to bone 1. Physical therapist becomes inflamed 2. Athletic trainer 2. Carpal tunnel syndrome- a numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist 3. Osteoarthritis- a type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wear down 4. Fibromyalgia- widespread muscle pain and tenderness

Nervous system- involved in receiving information about the environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor responses)Careers: Vocabulary- 1. Chiropractor 1. CNS (Central Nervous System)- consists of the brain and the spinal cord, which occupy the dorsal body cavity Terms/Definitions: 2. Neurologist 2. SNS (Somatic Nervous System)- composed of somatic 1. Neur/o- nerve motor nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Voluntary 2. Encephal/o- brain 3. Acetylcholine- the first neurotransmitter identified 3. Myel/o- muscle 4. Endorphins- acts as natural pain killers, reducing our 4. Ambul/o- to walk perception of pain under certain stressful conditions 5. Nissl bodies- The Rough ER of the neuron cell body, 5. -Esthesia- sensibility stains darkly with basic dyes.; Synthesizes protiens 6. Mening/o- meninges 6. Spinal cord- the cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers 7. Axon- the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which 7. Psych/o- mental impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells. 8. Concuss/o- shaken together 8. Brain- an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the Disease/Disorders: skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center 1. Alzheimer's- affects brain function, memory, and of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity. behaviours 9. Cell- the smallest structural and functional unit of an 2. Bell's palsy- a sudden weakness or paralysis of facial organism muscles on one side of the face 10. Sensory-relating to sensation or the physical senses; 3. Cerebral palsy- a congenital disorder of movement, muscle transmitted or perceived by the senses tone, or posture 4. Multiple sclerosis- a disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves

Special Senses- the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them Vocabulary- Terms/Definitions: 1. Eyelids- protect the eye anteriorly 1. Irid/o- iris (of the eye) 2. Canthus- the medial and lateral commissure; corners of the eye 2. -Cusis- hearing problem 3. Eyelashes- protect from the border of each eyelid 3. -Opia- vision 4. Tarsal glands- modified sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid edges 4. Ot/o- ear 5. Conjunctiva- lines the eyelids and covers part of the outer surface of the eyeball 5. Tympan/o- denoting eardrum 6. Conjunctivitis- inflammation of the conjunctiva 6. Opthalm/o- eye 7. Pink Eye- infectious form of conjunctivitis 7. -Metry- process of measuring 8. Lacrimal Sac- where the tears flow into from the lacrimal calculi 9. Fibrous layer- outermost layer of the eyeball 10. Sclera- protective part of the fibrous layer Careers: 1. Social worker for blind Disease/Disorders: people 1. Blindness- visual impairment 2. An eye doctor 2. Cataracts- a cloudy area in the lens of your eyes 3. Blindness- the inability to see anything 4. Glaucoma- A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve

Cardiovascular system- consists of the heart, which is a muscular pumping device, and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries Vocabulary- Careers: 1. Invasive cardiologist Terms/Definitions: 1. Aorta- largest artery in the body 2. Cardiac surgeon 1. Cardi/o- heart 2. Arteriole- smallest artery 2. Angi/o- blood vessel 3. Atrium- one of two upper chambers of the heart 3. Hem/o, Hemat/o- blood 4. Deoxygenated blood- blood that is oxygen poor 4. Brady- slow 5. Diastole- Relaxation phase of the heartbeat 5. Tachy- fast 6. Endocardium- inner lining of the heart 6. Thromb/o- blood clot 7. Endothelium- innermost lining of the blood vessels 7. -Emia- presence of blood 8. Myocardium- muscular, middle layer of the heart 8. Leuk/o- white blood cells 9. Systole- contraction phase of the heartbeat 9. Erythr/o- red blood cells 10. Venule- small vein 10. Arteri/o- artery Disease/Disorders: 1. Coronary artery disease- damage in the hearts major blood vessels 2. High blood pressure-the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high 3. Cardiac arrest- sudden loss of heart function 4. Congestive heart failure- the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should

Respiratory system- the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe Terms/Definitions: Vocabulary- Careers: 1. Bronch/o- bronchus 1. Pulmonologist 2. Cyan/o- blue 1. Nose- an airway for oxygen 2. Respiratory therapist 3. Laryng/o- larynx (voice-box) 2. Mucus- the secretion of the mucous membranes 4. -Oxia- oxygen 3. Pharynx- the throat 5. Oxy- presence of oxygen 4. Nasopharynx- the top portion of the pharynx 6. Pleur/o- rib 5. Oropharynx- the middle part of the pharynx 7. Pneum/o- respiration 6. Laryngopharynx- the lower part of the pharynx 8. Pulmon/o- lungs 7. Larynx- the voice box 9. Thorac/o- chest wall 8. Trachea- windpipe 9. Erythrocytes- red blood cells 10. Trache/o- trachea 10. Expiration- breathing out Disease/Disorders: 1. Asthma- a condition in which a person's airway becomes inflamed 2. Lung cancer- a cancer that begins in lungs, most common in people who smoke 3. Pneumonia- infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs 4. Cystic fibrosis- an inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system

Digestive system- responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and repair itself Terms/Definitions: Vocabulary- 1. Cholecyat/o- gallbladder 2. Enter/o- intestine 1. Saliva- a liquid that is released within the mouth that aids in the process of digestion 3. Col/o- colon 2. Mouth- the orifice through which food is consumed 4. Hepat/o- liver 3. Bolus- a chewed mass of food 5. Gastr/o- stomach 4. Esophagus- tube through which the bolus passes to reach the stomach 6. Or/o- mouth 5. Stomach- digests food chemically and mechanically 7. -Pepsia- digestion 6. Chyme- a mixture of stomach fluid and foods 8. Chol/e- bile 7. Small intestine- where most chemical digestion takes place 9. Proct/o- anus 8. Liver- organ that produces bile and filters toxins out of the blood 9. Bile- a fluid loaded with lipids and salts that dissolves and disperses fats Careers: 10. Large intestine/colon- organ that removes water from undigested material 1. Gastroenterologist 2. Hematologist Disease/Disorders: 1. Stomach flu- an intestinal infection 2. IBS- an intestinal disorder causing pain in the belly, gas, diarrhea, and constipation 3. Constipation- When a person passes less than three bowel movements a week, or has difficult bowel movements 4. Hemorrhoids- Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding

Urinary system- produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys Vocabulary- Terms/Definitions: 1. Apex- the highest point; tip 1. -Cele- dilation 2. Renal veins- veins that accompany renal arteries 2. -Lysis- destruction of cells 3. Afferent arteriole- small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the 3. Cysto/o- bladder, sac, or cyst 4. Nephr/o- kidney glomerulus 5. Ren/o- kidney 4. Efferent arteriole- the small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the 6. -Uria- presence in the urine 7. -Pexy- surgical fixation or glomerulus suspension 5. Peritubular capillaries- the network of tiny blood vessels that surrounds the proximal 8. -Ectasis- dilation or distention of a tubular structure and distal tubules in the kidney 9. Pyel/o- renal pelvis 6. Filtration- the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium 7. Urochrome- the yellow pigment that gives color to the urine 8. Uric acid- a white tasteless odorless crystalline product of protein metabolism 9. Ureters- the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder 10. Urea- waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and Disease/Disorders: excreted in urine 1. Bladder cancer- cancer that begins in the Careers: bladder 1. Urology 2. Kidney stones- a small, hard deposit that forms 2. Nephrologists in the kidneys and is often painful when passing 3. Urinary tract infection- an infection in any part of the urinary system 4. Yeast infection- caused by fungus candida

Reproductive system- biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction Terms/Definitions: Vocabulary- 1. Cervic/o- cervix 2. Salping/o- fallopian or 1. Cervix- the opening to the uterus eustachian tubes 2. Corona radiata- the egg is surrounded by these follicle cells 3. Ov/o- egg 3. Dysmenorrhea- painful menstrual flow 4. Orchid/o- testicle 4. Ectopic pregnancy- a pregnancy outside the womb, usually in the fallopian tube 5. Oophor/o- ovary 5. Endometriosis- the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the 6. Men/o- menstruation 7. Mamm/o- breast uterus 8. Gynec/o- female reproduction 6. Endometrium- (pregnancy) the mucous membrane that lines the uterus 9. Colp/o- vagina 7. Epididymitis- painful inflammation of the epididymis 8. Fibroid tumors- benign muscle tumors in the uterus 10. Prostat/o- prostate gland 9. Fundus- part farthest from opening of an organ 10. Gamete- specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction Disease/Disorders: Careers: 1. Endometriosis- the presence of endometrium 1. Endocrinology elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus 2. OBGYN 2. Uterine fibroids- non cancerous growths in the uterus 3. HIV/AIDS- HIV causes AIDS ind interferes with the body's ability to fight infection 4. Gynecologic cancer- any cancer that starts in a woman's reproductive organs