MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM_F193D0440_Report

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA REPORT WRITING (CASE STUDY) BY MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) 3D DESIGN (LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURE) NANYANG ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS SINGAPORE 2021

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my lectures Ms. Seah Hui Ling, Ms. Rebecca Graham, Mr. Chin Leng, Mr. Lee Tat Haur, Mr. Melvin Ong and Mr. Errol Ng for the advices that have been giving me, refining my project to getting much clear and better, also helping me to think more creative and effectively. Also, I would wish to thank Ms. Tania, for her knowledge on plants, advising me to realize what plants are suitable for the different zoning of planting in the site. I would also like to thank all the friends and peoples whom I had conversations and discussions about my topic as they helped my thought process and my design outcome.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA LIST OF FIGURES 1.0: SITE ANALYSIS (RAFFLES PLACE PARK) Figure 1.01 Site Plan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Source - Drawn by Jack ) Figure 1.02 Content - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Source – Created by Murali ) Figure 1.03 Site Location - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Source – Taken from URA) Figure 1.04 History of site - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Source – Taken from Google ) Figure 1.05 Diagram (MICRO) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --(Source – Created by Murali ) Figure 1.06 Diagram (MACRO) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Created by Murali ) Figure 1.07 Section - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) Figure 1.08 Section - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 1.1: CASE STUDY – 1 (BISHAN PARK) Figure 1.11 Bishan Park Site Plan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- (Source – Taken from Google ) Figure 1.12 Map of site (1978) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(Source – Taken from Google ) Figure 1.13 Map of site (1983) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(Source – Taken from Google ) Figure 1.14 Diagram showing circulation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) Figure 1.15 Diagram showing land use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) Figure 1.16 Diagram showing bus stop - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) Figure 1.17 Diagram showing sun path- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 1.2: CASE STUDY – 2 (CENTENARY PARK CENTENARY PARK) Figure 1.21 Site Plan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(Source – Taken from Google ) Figure 1.22 Circulation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -( Source – Drawn by Murali ) Figure 2.3 Programs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) Figure 2.4 Sensory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali )- Figure 2.5 Focus Area - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) - Figure 2.6 Table showing the users - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali )

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA - 1.3: LITERATURE REVIEW (MARINA BAY SANDS) Figure 3.1 Cover Page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Taken from book ) Figure 3.2 Marina Bay - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Taken from book ) Figure 3.3 Cover Page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -( Source – Taken from book ) Figure 3.4 Cover Page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -( Source – Taken from book ) 2.1 SCHEMATIC DESIGN (RAFFLES PLACE PARK ) 2.11 Design Concept - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.12 Target Audience- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.13 Programmatic Development- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.2 DESIGN PROPOSAL 2.21 Site Plan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.22 Programs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.23 Design Statement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.24 Proposed Fauna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.25 Softscape Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.26 Softscape Plan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.27 Section Drawing- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.28 Perspective Views ( 3D Model )- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( Source – Drawn by Murali ) 2.29 Reflection 2.30 Bibliography

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA SITE ANALYSIS ( RAFFLES PLACE PARK ) SITE PLAN g 1:400 N INTRODUCTION Raffles Place Park is in Singapore. It is strategically located in the central business district, having intensive pedestrian traffic with commercial buildings located on both sides. Many working subjects and professionals around the area visit the park. SITE BACKGROUND Figure 0.2: Context

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA The site is surrounding with trade centers, shopping malls, commercial buildings, concerts performances, coffee shops, bazars etc. So mostly the users also teenagers and qualified peoples around the site. Also the site is busy during the working hours and the shift time. HISTORY OF SITE In 1960 - 114 years old Robinsons In 1965 – Singapore’s 1st In 1970 – Raffles place decorated department store was the landmark underground car park, which can with lawns, shrubs, flower beds, of the site. store 250 cars. roof garden & giant flower clock. In 1985 – Raffles MRT constructed In 1990 – Raffles place converted started under the park and it to park with water fountain and opened in 1987 gardens. Figure 0.4: History of Site DEMOGRAPHY

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA MICRO PLAN Drainage Figure 0.5: Diagrams ( MICRO ) / Entrance Roads & Vehicular Circulation / / Trees / Shrubs /Softcape MACRO PLAN / / MRT Exits / / / / / H// ardscape / / / / / / / / Ac/tive Node / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Bus Stops / / / / / / /

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA Parking & Drop Off Human Circulation Sun Path & Wind Direction PLANTS Figure 0.6: Diagrams ( MACRO ) Ixora siamensis Spagneticola trilobata Heliconia psittacorum ‘Lady I’ var. Ixora siamensis Pandanus dubius Figure 0.7: Section Figure 0.8: Section A-A B-B

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA CASE STUDY BISHAN ANG MO KIO PARK A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DIPLOMA OF 3D DESIGN BY MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM 3D DESIGN DEPARTMENT, NANYANG ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS, SINGAPORE 202

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park 1.1. PROJECT DETAILS Location : Bishan Size : 62 hectares Operator : Nparks Year : 1988 Renovated : 2012 Type : Neighborhood Park Park : Urban Farming Figure 1.1: Bishan Park 1.2. ANALYSIS OF THE SITE Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park is also known as Bishan Park . It was the first major urban park in Singapore. Bishan Park was a grassy area with a river flowing through it. The river used to flow through a concrete channel, which was later demolished to change path with curved forms to help water flow through the park. 1.3. DESIGN CONCEPT The design concept of the park is to redesign the space for users with natural elements and features according to the neighbors of the site. The space consists of playground, jogging path and river, so that the public can use the space to relax and enjoy. Figure 1.2 Map of site (1978) Figure 1.3 Map of site (1983) General Observations: 1) The maps have better definition. 2) Residential areas have been developed over time.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA 3) New roads (Ganges Avenue, Delta Road) were built. 4) Smaller roads were built. 5) Over time, the Kallang River was straightened and made navigable. Figure 1.5: Diagram showing land use Figure 1.6: Diagram showing bus stops Figure 1.7: Diagram showing sunpath Figure 1.8: Diagram showing circulations Who are the users of the space? Users Age Time Days Activity Students 10 – 13 Morning WD Jogging Teenagers 13 - 19 Morning WD/WE Cycling All age group 10 - 50 MG/EG Jogging/Cycling WE Students 10 – 13 Evening WD Relax/Chit Chat Teenagers 13 - 19 Evening WD/WE Photography All age group 10 - 50 MG/EG Sight Seeing WE

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA Students 10 – 13 Evening WD River crossing Teenagers 13 - 19 Evening WD/WE Photography All age group 10 - 50 MG/EG WD/WE Walking Students 10 – 13 Evening WD Chit Chat Teenagers 13 - 19 MG/EG WD/WE Sight Seeing All age group 10 - 50 MG/EG WD/WE River Viewing Figure 1.9: Table showing the users 1.4. DEMOGRAPHICS 22.20% 22.80% 25.00% 20.00% 18.90% 15.00% 14.70% 16.20% 10.00% 5.00% 3.90% 1.30% 0.00% 30 - 44 45 - 59 60 - 74 75 - 84 85 and over Under 15 15 - 29 Age Range Figure 1.10: Graph showing the age grou 1.5. CONCLUSION This case study is specifically tailored to older people, although it is aimed at all ages, which is the reason why I chose this case study. This case study looks at different materials that are suitable for older people, planting strategy to improve wellbeing through the five senses, and how to design a space to meet the needs of older people. For example, putting seating every few meters for people to rest, and creating a wellbeing center for leisure. There are also activities offered as part of the various programs to promote active aging.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA CASE STUDY - 2 CHULALONGKORN CENTENARY PARK A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DIPLOMA OF 3D DESIGN BY MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM 3D DESIGN DEPARTMENT, NANYANG ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS, SINGAPORE 2021

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA CHULALONGKORN CENTENARY PARK 2.1. PROJECT DETAILS Location : Chulalongkorn Park, Bangkok Landscape architect : LANDPROCESS Architect : N7A Architect Year Built : 2017 2.2. ANALYSIS OF THE SITE Chulalongkorn Centenary Park in Bangkok was constructed in 2017. The park is designed to withstand the future vagaries of climate change. Bangkok is a climate-vulnerable city with limited green spaces and this park, which contains the largest green roof in Thailand, is an invaluable addition to the ecological landscape. 2.3. INTRODUCTION  Chulalongkorn Centenary Park is the first major piece of green infrastructure for the city of Bangkok, It was designed to mitigate harmful ecological problems and add much needed outdoor public space to the grey city. 2.4. SITE PLAN Architecture as parkland is one of the most important concepts for designing the sloping topography of the park. The design team has transformed the concept from a mere park into an important piece of green infrastructure that critically addresses environmental issues in Bangkok. Figure 2.1: Site Plan The view from the largest green roof in Thailand.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA Figure 2.2: Circulation Figure 2.3: Programs Figure 2.4: Sensory Figure 1 Outdoor Classroom top view Figure 2.5: Focus Area \\

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA WHO ARE THE USERS OF THE SPACE..? Activity Users Age Time Days Chit chat Photography Students 10 – 13 Evening WD Relaxing/Jogging Teenagers 13 - 19 Morning WD/WE All age group 10 - 50 MG/EG WE Students 10 – 13 MG/EG WD Natural studies Teenagers 13 - 19 Evening WD/WE Meditation All age group 10 - 50 MG/EG Sight seeing WE Students 10 – 13 Evening WE Playing Teenagers 13 - 19 MG/EG WD/WE Exercise All age group 10 - 50 MG/EG WD/WE Riverview Figure 2.6: Table showing the users 2.5. CONCLUSION There are also activities provided in the various programs to promote active aging. This case study has led me to make changes to my original ideas and plans for my own project. Through this project, I have also come to understood the different needs of the different age groups that use the site and how to develop activities that are suitable for the different age groups and complement each other. This case study looks at the different materials that are suitable for older people, the planting strategy to improve wellbeing through the five senses, and how to design a space to meet the needs of older people. This case study is specifically tailored to older people, although it is aimed at all ages. This is the reason why I chose this case study.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA LITERATURE REVIEW MARINA BAY SANDS BY MOSHE SAFDIE (SAFDIE ARCHITECTS) A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DIPLOMA OF 3D DESIGN BY MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM 3D DESIGN DEPARTMENT, NANYANG ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS, SINGAPORE 2021

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA AUTHOR : Moshe Safdie BOOK / JOURNAL TITLE : Safdie Architects YEAR : 2011 PUBLISHER : CTBUH Journal COUNTRY : Singapore INTRODUCTION Figure 3.1: Cover Page Safdie Architects is a book that deals with the designs of architecture and design by the author Moshe Safdie. It is mainly based on the architectural design of buildings and designs in Singapore. EXAMPLE – Marina Bay Sands. This book features project examples where landscape and architecture play a role. Marina Bay Sands is a 929,00 – square foot, high – density, mixed – use resort complex that includes a 2,560 – room hotel, a 120,000 square foot convention center, a shopping mall, an art & science museum, two Sands theaters , six restaurants, and a casino. It is located in Marina South, a peninsula reclaimed from the sea in the late 1970s across from Singapore’s central business district. DESIGN CONCEPT Figure 3.2: Marina Bay

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA The concept is that each tower consists of two slabs with east and west facing spaces . The double-loaded towers spread out at the base to form a huge atrium on the lower floors, while converging at height. The slabs of the towers add character to the buildings and relate to the context of the site. The glazed west side faces the city center, while the east side is plated with lush bougainvillea and overlooks the botanical garden and the sea. Figure 3.3: Cover Page CONCLUSION Marina Bay Sands is a resort designed by Moshe Safdie, whose design was originally inspired by decks of cards. The standout feature of this project is the three hotel towers-with 2,500 rooms and suites, and a continuous lobby at the base connecting the three towers. The casino features a four-story central atrium with four levels of gaming and entertainment in one space. This will help the community and people attract to the space, which is primarily for locals and visitors, as it meets community demand. By using the limited space, the designer provides an encouraging design for the public by using the whole space.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA CHAPTER - 2

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA INTRODUCTION Figure 2.1: Site location Raffles Place Park is a 0.6-hectare park in Singapore. It is strategically located in the central business district, and is used by many pedestrians as there are commercial buildings on both sides. Many professionals and businessmen from the surrounding areas visit the park. Some of the important hubs around the park are the Fullerton Hotel. Fullerton Pavilion and , Singapore River from where tourists can be attracted to the park. The site surrounded by commercial buildings. The site is located between the tall commercial buildings.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA CHAPTER – 2 (DESIGN PROPOSAL) 2.1 SCHEMATIC DESIGN Gathering of peoples Two hands are holding the in the two hands peoples which acts as the primary part Inside two hands are the secondary part which holding the whole weight of the peoples The design concept was inspired by the symbol of unity, which symbolizes peace and relaxation as well as freedom. The design is a meditative garden where users can relax and actively create the entire space. The main users are adults, and the secondary users are workers who work on the site. The unity of peoples plays an important role in society. The concept of the design is to create a meditative space The two hands hold the people with all their stress and with various activities and programs inspired by the symbol tension. When all people have the same attitude, they of unity. The two hands represent the paths that lead can relax and enjoy sharing their problems and coming through the place, and the hand in the middle ( the place together to make good decisions and solutions. where all the height in concentrated ) is the focal point of the place that helps people to attract the place or the space.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA Figure 2.2: Sketches One of the most important features of the site is the pavilion. The There are seating areas every 10m, placed in a design of the pavilion comes from two hands, which are the quiet area and surrounded by shrubs to give a symbol of unity. Two hands hold people, just as here the pavilion meditative feel and separate from the other attracts people or users of the site. To create a meditative programs on the site. atmosphere, the pavilion is surrounded by large trees and shrubs and provides seating inside the pavilion.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA HISTORY OF SITE EXISTING SITE PLAN 1:400

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA BUS STOP / PARKING FOCUS NODES VEHICLE CIRCULATION 2.2 DESIGN PROPOSAL FOREST SEATING LAWN MRT MRT MRT FOUNTAIN PAVILION SEATING OPEN SPACE 1:400 N

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA NEW SITE PLAN Figure 2.3: New site plan 1:400 N

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA CIRCULATION ZONING DIAGRAM WATER LAWN PAVILION SEATING FORESPTLAZA FOCUS NODE SOFTSCAPE

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA SHRUBS PLAN TREES PLAN USERS SECTION LINE B A A B

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA SOFTSCAPE DESIGN 1:400 N For the meditative space, the seating area also plays an important role. Therefore it is good to attract the users with shrubs and trees around the sitting area so that they get a good smell and also shade. This helps the users to get fresh air. The pavilion is one of the most important nodes on the site. To attract visitors, the pavilion is surrounded by shrubs and trees. The trees around the pavilion help to reduce noise from vehicles and buildings and create a noise-free atmosphere. To welcome visitors flowering shrubs are planted at the entrance. In the meditative room, the seating area is also a main feature of the room. The sitting area is surrounded by shrubs and flowering plants to get a good smell and beautiful colors that attract the users. It helps the users to relax. 1 SECTION LINE

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA SOFTSCAPE PLAN 1:400 N 1 2 3 4 Zoysia japonica Pennisetum alopecuroides Baphia nitida Pandanus amaryllifllius 5 6 78 Hydrangea macrophylla Heliconia psittacorum Melastoma malabathricum Tradescantia spathacea 9 10 11 12 Piper sarmentosum Melastoma malabathricum Bauhinia semibifida Terminalia mantaly

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA 3D MODEL

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA REFLECTION This report is specifically for adults and then also for workers and visitors. My concept is to create a meditative space where users can rest and relax. Also, they can sit in a quiet space for a while. The meditative space consists of many activities and programs. For my studio project. I choose Raffles Place Park as the location. This report includes many case studies and literature review to support the site analysis and information. This report covers different materials suitable for adults, workers and tourists, a planting strategy to improve wellbeing through the five senses and how to design an adult or meditative space in the city. For example, a meditative space should be noise-free, so the location is in the construction area and the noise from vehicles and buildings must be reduced to plant shrubs and trees according to the height and use. The most important factor is the focal point on the site. For this focus point, i would like to build a pavilion surrounded by plants and trees to reduce vehicle noise and promote meditation. Another feature is water have created a water feature in front of the pavilion that reflects the fall buildings around the site, and the sound of the water is also another important factor for relaxation and a fresh mind. There are also activities provided at the various programs to promote active aging. This report has made me rethink my original ideas and plans for my own project. Through this project, I have also come to understand the different needs of the different age groups that use the site and how to develop activities that are suitable for different age groups and complement each other. The other important node on the site is the woodland area which has a wide variety of flora and fauna which acts as a food source for the biodiversity on the site. Overall, this report helped me understand how to plan a space that is appropriate for the aging population and helped me understand the importance of other aspects such as materials, plantings, and programs coming together to create a well- designed space. This report has also helped me with my studio project and I find it useful for my own understanding and knowledge.

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA BIBILOGRAPHY Article title: Raffles Place Park Website title: National Parks Board https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/parks-and-nature-reserves/raffles- URL: place-park Article title: Raffles's Landing Site - Wikipedia Website title: En.wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles%27s_Landing_Site URL: Author BENJAMIN SEE Article title: Then and now: The difference a year makes as S'pore cautiously reopens post-circuit Website title: breaker The Straits Times URL: https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/then-and-now-the-difference-a-year-makes-as- spore-cautiously-reopens-post-circuit-breaker Article title: Urban Redevelopment Authority Website title: Urban Redevelopment Authority URL: https://www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Planning/Master-Plan/Regional-Highlights/Central- Region Article title: Nature Park Network & Nature Corridors Website title: National Parks Board https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/nature-park-network URL: Parks and Nature Reserves Article title: National Parks Board Website title: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/parks-and-nature-reserves URL: Urban Redevelopment Authority Urban Redevelopment Authority Article title: https://www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Media-Room/Media-Releases/pr18-04%29. Website title: URL:

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA Author Vernon Cornelius-Takahama Article title: Raffles Place | Infopedia Website title: Eresources.nlb.gov.sg https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_864_2004-12-30.html URL: Article title: Raffles Place MRT Station | Land Transport Guru Website title: Land Transport Guru https://landtransportguru.net/raffles-place-station/ URL:

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA THE END THANK YOU

MURALI SHEENA ABHIRAM (F193D0440) DIPLOMA IN 3D DESIGN NAFA