)ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻥ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻘﺔ(] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ[ .ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻠﻡ ﻴـﺼﻌﺏ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﺒﻭﺩّﻴﺘﻪ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭ ﻴﺴﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ .* ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻤ ّﻲ :ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻗﻠﻕ ﺤﺎﺌﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻬ ّﺩﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﻭﺨﺭﺍﺏ ،ﺒﻔﻌلﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻠﹼﺎ ﺘﺴﺎﻤﺢ ﻭﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ ..ﻤﻊ ﺃ ّﻥ ﻜ ّل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺸﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻤـﺎﻥ،ﻓﻼ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻷ ّﻱ ﺃ ّﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺯﺩﻫﺭ ﻭﺘﺘﻁ ّﻭﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﹼﻘﻕ ﺭﻓﺎﻫّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻀﺎﺭّﻴﺔ ﻟﻜ ّل ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺸﻌﻭﺏ .ﻓﺎﻟ ّﺴﻠﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ َﻤﺭ ِﻋّﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺸﺫﻭﺫ ،ﻻ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ُﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻷ ّﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﻴﻨﺒﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻭﹼﻟﺩ ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﻤﺯﻴﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟّﹼﺜﻜﺎﻟﻰﻭﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ .ﻟﺫﺍ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟـ ّﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻡ ،ﻓﻘﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ َ :ﻴﺎ َﺃﱡﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺍﱠﻟ ِﺫﻴ َﻥ ﺁ َﻤﹸﻨﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ ْﺩ ﹸﺨﹸﻠﻭﹾﺍ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢّﺴﹾﻠ ِﻡ ﹶﻜﱠﺎﻓ ﹰﺔ ]ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ[208/ * ﻤﻥ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ :ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ :ـ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻡ :ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭّﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟّﹼﺘﺴﺎﻤﺢ ﺒﻜـ ّل ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫـﺎ،ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﻌ ّﺼﺏ ﻭﺍﻟّﹼﺘﻁ ّﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠ ّﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺘﻨﺎ ،ﻤ ّﻤﺎﻴﺤﹼﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻲ ﻭُﻴﺩﺭﻙ ِﻗَﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﺴﺎﻤﺢ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺕﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ..ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل ﺍﻟ ّﺼﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﻫـﺎﺏ ،ﻭﻟﻬـﺫﺍﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ )ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ( ،ﹸﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻜﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻬِﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ُﻤﺴﺎﻟﻤﺔ ،ﻓﻘﺎل ﺍﻟ ّﺭﺴﻭل )) :ﺃﻓﺸﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻜﻡ(( ]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ [.ـ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁّﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﻁ ّﺭﻑ :ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﺒﹼﻨـﻲ ﺃﻓﻜـﺎﺭﻩﻭﺁﺭﺍﺌﻪ ،ﻟﻜﹼﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺤ ﱡﻕ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ُﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﺒﺄﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﻜﺭﺍﻩ ،ﺒل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴـﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻨـﺸﺭ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺤ ّﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ.ﻓﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﺩﻋﻭﺘﻬﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤ ّﻲ ﻻ ﺒ ّﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻋﻅـﺔﺍﻟﺤﺴﻨﺔ ،ﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﺍ ْﺩ ُﻉ ِﺇِﻟﻰ َﺴِﺒﻴ ِل َﺭﱢﺒ َﻙ ِﺒﺎﹾﻟ ِﺤ ﹾﻜ َﻤ ِﺔ َﻭﺍﹾﻟﻤَ ْﻭ ِﻋ ﹶﻅ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺤ َﺴﹶﻨﺔِ َﻭ َﺠﺎ ِﺩﹾﻟ ُﻬﻡ ِﺒﺎﱠﻟِﺘﻲ ِﻫ َﻲ َﺃ ْﺤ َﺴ ُﻥ ]ﺴـﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺤل ،[125/ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻜﺭﺍﻩ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺇﻻ ﺘﺩّﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻐﺸﻭﺸﺎ ،ﺸﻜﻠّﻴﺎ ،ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺠﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ.ـ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﺨﻠﻕ ﺒﺄﺩﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ :ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﺸﺭّﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺈﹼﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻻﺨـﺘﻼﻑﺍﻟّﹼﺘﺤﹼﻠﻲ ﺒﺂﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺃﺨﻼﻕ ﻤﺤ ّﺩﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻨﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ،ﺒﺄﻥ ﻻ ﻨﺴﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ،ﻭﻻ ﹸﻨﻌّﻴﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﹸﻨﻨﻘﺹ ﻤـﻥﻗﺩﺭﻩ ،ﺃﻭ ﻨﺴﻲﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻅﻥ ﻓﻨﺘﺠ ّﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻨﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺭﻫﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻪ ..ﻓﻴﺅ ّﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﺤ ّﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻑ ﻗﻭﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺘﻨﺒﺫﻩ ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ. * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ : ﻟﻸﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨّﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ: /1ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤّﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺭﺤﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟّﹼﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ. /2ﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻘﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﻀﻐﺎﺌﻥ ﻭﺤ ّﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻡ. /3ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻩ ،ﺤﺘ ّﻰ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﻭﻴﺎ ﻴﺸ ّﺩ ﺒﻌﻀﻪ ﺒﻌﻀﺎ.
/4ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺒﺈﻗﺒﺎل ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ. /5ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﻔﺴ ّﻲ ﻭﺯﻭﺍل ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﻀﻁﺭﺍﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﻔﺴّﻴﺔ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺘـﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻴـﺄﺱ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺭ. * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﺍﺸﺭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻀﻌﺔ ﺍﺴﻁﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰَ :ﻴﺎ َﺃﱡﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺍﱠﻟ ِﺫﻴ َﻥ ﺁ َﻤﹸﻨﻭﺍ ﺍ ْﺩ ﹸﺨﹸﻠﻭﺍ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟـ ﱢّﺴﹾﻠ ِﻡ ﹶﻜﺎﱠﻓـﺔﹰ َﻭﻻ ﹶﺘﱠﺘِﺒ ُﻌﻭﺍ ﹸﺨ ﹸﻁ َﻭﺍ ِﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱠﹼﺸ ْﻴ ﹶﻁﺎ ِﻥ ِﺇﻨﱠ ُﻪ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َﻋ ُﺩ ﱞﻭ ُﻤِﺒﻴ ٌﻥ ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ[208/ .2ﺍﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻫﻤّﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ. .3ﺤ ّﺩﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩّﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ. ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰَ)) :ﻴﺎ َﺃﱡﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺍﱠﻟ ِﺫﻴ َﻥ ﺁ َﻤﹸﻨﻭﺍ ﺍ ْﺩ ﹸﺨﹸﻠﻭﺍ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢّﺴﹾﻠ ِﻡ ﹶﻜﺎﱠﻓ ﹰﺔ َﻭﻻ ﹶﺘﱠﺘِﺒ ُﻌﻭﺍ ﹸﺨ ﹸﻁ َﻭﺍ ِﺕ ﺍﻟـ ﱠﹼﺸ ْﻴ ﹶﻁﺎ ِﻥ ِﺇﻨﱠ ُﻪ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َﻋ ُﺩ ﱞﻭ ُﻤِﺒﻴ ٌﻥ(( ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ.[208/ﻴﺎ ﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺁﻤﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﷲ ﺭًﺒﺎ ﻭﺒﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﺒًﻴﺎ ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻻ ﻭﺒﺎﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺩﻴﹰﻨﺎ ،ﺍﺩﺨﻠﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ،ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﺭﻜﻭﺍ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﻴًﺌﺎ ،ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻭﺍ ﻁـﺭﻕ ﺍﻟـﺸﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻭﻜﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀﺍﺕ ،ﺇﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﻡ ﻋﺩﻭ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻓﺎﺤﺫﺭﻭﻩ. .2ﺃﻫﻤّﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻨﻔﺴﺎ ﻤﻁﻤﺌﻨﺔ ،ﻭﺠـﻭﺍﻫﺎﺩﺌﺎ ،ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺝ ،ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺄﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ،ﻭﻴﻌﻴﺵ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﻕ ﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﻭﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻀﻁﺭﺒﺔ. .3ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩّﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ : • ﻨﺸﺭ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻡ • ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁّﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﻁ ّﺭﻑ • ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﺨﻠﻕ ﺒﺄﺩﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﹼﺜﺎﻨﻲ :ﻤﻥ ﻫﺩﻱ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒﻭّﻴﺔﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺘﻬﺎ . • ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ : 1ـ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ 2ـ ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ 3ـ ﺍﻟﻐﺯﻭ ﺍﻟّﹼﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺨﻁﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ 4ـ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺸﺨﺼّﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ 5ـ ﻫﺩﻱ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ :ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ:• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ .ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ.• ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ .ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ.ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ .ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻘﻲ •ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ* ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ * ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ * ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ * ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﺯل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻸﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﺤـﻼل ﻭﺤـﺭﺍﻡ،ﻭﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺩﺘﻪ ﻭﻀﻭﺤﺎ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻼل ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺤـﺭﺍﻡ ﺇﻻﺒﻴﻨﻪ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻭ ّﺭﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ. * ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅ :ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﹶﻗﺎ َلَ :ﺴ ِﻤ ْﻌﺕ َﺭ ُﺴﻭ َل ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻴ ﹸﻘﻭل)) :ﺇ ّﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﺤَ ﹶﻼ َل َﺒـﱢﻴ ٌﻥ َﻭ ﺇ ّﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺤـ َﺭﺍ َﻡ َﺒـﱢﻴ ٌﻥَﻭَﺒ ْﻴﹶﻨ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ًﺃ ُﻤﻭ ٌﺭ ُﻤﺸﺘﺒ َﻬﺎ ﹲﺕ ﹶﻻ ﻴَ ْﻌﹶﻠﻤﻬﻥَ ﹶﻜِﺜﻴ ٌﺭ ِﻤ ْﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻨﺎ ِﺱ ،ﹶﻓ َﻤ ْﻥ ﺍﱠﺘ ﹶﻘﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﺸﺒ َﻬﺎ ِﺕ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺩ ﺍ ْﺴﹶﺘ ْﺒ َﺭﺃ ِﻟ ِﺩﻴِﻨـ ِﻪ َﻭ ِﻋ ْﺭ ِﻀـ ِﻪ،َﻭ َﻤ ْﻥ ﻭَ ﹶﻗﻊَ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﹼﺸُﺒ َﻬﺎ ِﺕ َﻭﻗ َﻊ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ َﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﹶﻜﺎﻟ ﱠﺭﺍﻋﻲ َﻴ ْﺭ َﻋﻰ ﺤَ ْﻭ َل ﺍﹾﻟ ِﺤ َﻤﻰ ُﻴﻭ ِﺸﻙ َﺃ ْﻥ َﻴ ْﺭﹶﺘﻊَ ِﻓﻴﻪَِ .ﺃ ﹶﻻ َﻭِﺇ ﱠﻥ ِﻟ ﹸﻜلﱢَﻤِﻠ ٍﻙ ِﺤ ًﻤﻰَ ،ﺃ ﹶﻻ ﻭِﺇ ﱠﻥ ِﺤ َﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻤ َﺤﺎ ِﺭﻤﻪَ .ﺃ ﹶﻻ َﻭِﺇ ﱠﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺠ َﺴ ِﺩ ُﻤ ْﻀ ﹶﻐ ﹰﺔِ ،ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺼَﹶﻠﺤَ ﹾﺕ ﺼَﹶﻠﺢَ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺠ َﺴ ُﺩ ﹸﻜﱡﻠـﻪَ ،ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻓﺴَﺩَ ﹾﺕ ﹶﻓﺴَﺩَ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺠ َﺴ ُﺩ ﹸﻜﱡﻠﻪَ ،ﺃ ﹶﻻ َﻭ ِﻫ َﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﹾﻠﺏ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺴﻠﻡ[.* ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ :ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ،ﺃﻭّل ﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩ ﻟﻸﻨﺼﺎﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺸﻬﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ ،ﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤﻌﺎﻭﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ ﺜﻡّ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤِﻤْﺹ ﻭﺒﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻭﻴّﺔ ،ﻤﺎﺕ ﺴﻨﺔ 65ﻫـ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﺎﻋﺭﺍ ﻭﺨﻁﻴﺒﺎ ،ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ 114ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ.* ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎﻭﻭﺍﻀﺢ َﺒﱢﻴﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﺸﺘﺒﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸ ﹶﻜل؛ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤل ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺔ. ُﻤ ﹾﺸﹶﺘﺒَﻬَﺎﺕﻻ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ. ﻻ َﻴ ْﻌﹶﻠ ُﻤ ُﻬﻥﱠﺍﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺠﻌل ﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻜ ّل ﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﺎّﻴﺔ. ﺍﱠﺘﹶﻘﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱡﹼﺸُﺒ َﻬﺎ ِﺕﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻌﺭﻀﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﻟﺩﻴﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻘﺹ. ﺍ ْﺴﹶﺘْﺒﺭََﺃ ِﻟ ِﺩﻴِﻨ ِﻪﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎّﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻜ ّل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻙ. ﺍﹾﻟ ِﺤ َﻤﻰﻴﺭﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﺎﺸﻴﺘﻪ. ﻴَ ْﺭﹶﺘﻊَ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﺤﻡ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ُﻴﻤﻀﻎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ. ﻤﻀﻐﺔ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل : * ﺍﻟﺤﻼل ﺒّﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻤﻭﺭ ﻤﺸﺘﺒﻬﺎﺕ :ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤّﻴﺔ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ :ﺤﻼل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ،ﻻ ﻴﺨﻔﻰ ﺤﻠﻪ ،ﻜﺄﻜل ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺯ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ ،ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟـﻙ ..ﻭﺤـﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻀـﺢ؛ﻜﺎﻟﺨﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺯﻨﺎ ،ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻫﻤﺎ ..ﻭﻤﺸﺘﺒﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺤل ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﻗﻠﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ.* ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻉ ﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ :ﻓﻤﻥ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﻟﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺤﺭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ .* ﻭﺇﻥ ﺤﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﻀﻪ ﻤﺤﺎﺭﻤﻪ :ﺇﻥ ﷲ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﻀـﻪ ﺤﻤـﻰ ،ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼـﻲﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻜﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻴﻭﺸﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻤﺎﺕ.* ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺩ ﺒﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠـﺏ :ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ؛ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻋﻀﻭ ﻓﻲﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻻ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺎﺤّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺸﺭﻴﺤّﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﻁﺒّﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺴﱠﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻫﻭ ﻤـﺼﺩﺭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻁﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻴﻀﺦ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ،ﻓﺎﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺒﺨﻴـﺭ ﻭﻋﺎﻓّﻴﺔ.ﻭﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺭﺡ ،ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﺼﺎﻟﺤﹰﺎ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻴـﺩﻩﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ،ﻟﻡ ﺘﻨﺒﻌﺙ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺭﺡ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ،ﻓﺴﺎﺭﻋﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﻀﺎﻩ ﻭﻜﻔﺕ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺭﻩ ،ﻭﻋﻤﺎ ﻴﺨـﺸﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺭﻫﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻴﻘﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ. * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ : / 1ﺘﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻼل ﻭﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ / 2ﺍﻟﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟﺤﻼل ،ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﻡ ،ﻭﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ / 3ﺍﻟ ّﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ. / 4ﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﺌﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ. ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﺍﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ. .2ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺩ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ؟ .3ﺇﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ، * ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ :ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ :ﺤﻼل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ،ﻻ ﻴﺨﻔﻰ ﺤﻠﻪ،ﻜﺄﻜل ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺯ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ ،ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ..ﻭﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ؛ ﻜـﺎﻟﺨﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺯﻨـﺎ ،ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻫﻤـﺎ.. ﻭﻤﺸﺘﺒﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺤل ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺔ.
.2ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ ،ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺩ ﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ؛ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻋﻀﻭ ﻓـﻲ ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ. .3ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ : • ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻁﺔ ﺭﻓﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺀ. • ﺍﺭﺘﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻭﻫﺔ.
ﻤﻘ ّﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ : ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻤﻨﻜﻡ ﻤﻨﻜﺭﺍ ...ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ : • ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ .ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ.• ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ .ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻘﻲ. • ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ * ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ * ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ * ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ * ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :ﻤﺎ ﺤﹼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺤﺸﺔ ﺒﻘﻭﻡ ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﻋ ّﻤﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ ﻭﻋ ّﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻴﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺤﹼﻘﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻡ ،ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻬﻡﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﺜل ﻭﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻴﺼ ّﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ. * ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅ :ﻋﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺴﻌﻴ ٍﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﺨ ْﺩ ِﺭ ﱢﻱ ﻗﺎل :ﺴﻤﻌ ﹸﺕ ﺭﺴﻭ َل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻴﻘ ُﻭل َ )) :ﻤ ْﻥ َﺭَﺃﻯ ِﻤـ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻡُﻤ ﹾﻨ ﹶﻜﺭﹰﺍ ﹶﻓﹾﻠُﻴ ﹶﻐﻴﱢ ْﺭ ُﻩ ِﺒَﻴ ِﺩ ِﻩ ،ﹶﻓﺈ ْﻥ ﻟ َْﻡ َﻴ ْﺴﹶﺘ ِﻁ ْﻊ ﹶﻓﺒِﻠﺴﺎِﻨ ِﻪ ،ﹶﻓﺈ ْﻥ ﹶﻟ ْﻡ َﻴ ْﺴﹶﺘ ِﻁ ْﻊ ﹶﻓﺒ ﹶﻘﹾﻠِﺒ ِﻪَ ،ﻭ ﹶﺫِﻟ َﻙ ﺃ ْﻀـ َﻌ ﹸﻑ ﹾﺍ ِﻹﻴ َﻤـﺎ ِﻥ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ[.* ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ :ﻫﻭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺭﺠﻲ ﺭﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻭﺍﺴﻤﻪ ﺴـﻌﺩ ،ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺴﻨﺔ 74ﻫـ ﻭﺩﻓﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ ،ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ 1170ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ.* ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ :ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻭﺤﺼل ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﻯﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﹼﻠﻔﻴﻥ. ﻤﻨﻜﻡﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﻜﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭل ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌل ﺤﺭﺍﻡ. ﻤﻨﻜﺭﹰﺍﻓﻠُﻴﺯﻟﻪ ﻭﻴﺫﻫﺒﻪ ﻭﻴﻐّﻴﺭﻩ. ﻓﻠﻴﻐﻴﺭّﻩ* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل :* ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ :ﺃﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ،ﺇﺫ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺃﻥﻴﻨﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻁﺎﻗﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻐّﻴﺭﻩ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ،ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ،ﺒﻴﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻠﺴﺎﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻘﻠﺒﻪ.* ﺍﻹﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺤﻜﻤﺎﻥ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥﻭﺠﺏ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻬﻡ ،ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ ﻭﻟﻭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻜﻔﻰ ﻭﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﻥ ،ﻭﺇﺫﺍﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺜﻡ ﻜ ّل ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻩ ﺒﻼ ﻋﺫﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺨﻭﻑ ،ﻭﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎّﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻟﻪﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰَ :ﻭﹾﻟﹶﺘ ﹸﻜ ْﻥ ِﻤ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ُﺃ ﱠﻤ ﹲﺔ َﻴ ْﺩ ُﻋﻭ َﻥ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﺨ ْﻴ ِﺭ َﻭَﻴْﺄ ُﻤ ُﺭﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﹾﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺭﻭ ِﻑ َﻭَﻴ ﹾﻨ َﻬ ْﻭ َﻥ َﻋ ْﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤ ﹾﻨ ﹶﻜ ِﺭ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺁل ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ: .[104* ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﺏ ؟ :ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨّﻴﺔ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ُﻴ ﹶﻜﱠﻠﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻜ ّل ﻤﺴﻠﻡ ،ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻻ ﺘﺴﻘﻁ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ،ﻭﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ،ﻓﻤﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻫﻠﻙ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻨﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻪ .ﻗﺎل ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ )) :ﻫﻠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ((.* ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﺘﺭﻙ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﺘ ِﺭ َﻙ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﺇﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺭ ﻓﻲﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﻭﺸﺎﻋﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺼّﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﻭﺭ ،ﻭﻜﺜﺭ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ،ﻭﺘﺴﹼﻠﻁﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﻬﺭﻭﻫﻡ ،ﻭﻋﺠﺯ ﻫﺅﻻﺀﻋﻥ ﺭﺩﻋﻬﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ،ﻓﹸﺘﻁ َﻤﺱ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺘﻌ ﱡﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﺭﺫﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊﻏﻀﺏ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺇﺫﻻﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎ َﻤﻪ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﹸﻟ ِﻌ َﻥ ﺍﱠﻟ ِﺫﻴ َﻥ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻔ ُﺭﻭﺍ ِﻤ ْﻥ َﺒِﻨﻲ ِﺇ ْﺴ َﺭﺍِﺌﻴ َل َﻋﹶﻠﻰ ِﻟ َﺴﺎ ِﻥَﺩﺍ ُﻭﻭ َﺩ َﻭ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ﺍ ْﺒ ِﻥ َﻤ ْﺭَﻴ َﻡ ﹶﺫﻟِﻙَ ِﺒ َﻤﺎ َﻋ َﺼ ْﻭﺍ َﻭ ﹶﻜﺎﹸﻨﻭﺍ َﻴ ْﻌﹶﺘ ُﺩﻭ َﻥ ،ﹶﻜﺎﹸﻨﻭﺍ ﻻ َﻴﹶﺘﹶﻨﺎ َﻫـ ْﻭ َﻥ َﻋ ْﻥ ُﻤﻨ ﹶﻜـ ٍﺭ ﹶﻓ َﻌﹸﻠﻭ ُﻩ ﹶﻟﺒِ ْﺌﺱََﻤﺎ ﹶﻜﺎﹸﻨﻭﺍ َﻴ ﹾﻔ َﻌﹸﻠﻭ َﻥ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﺩﺓ .[79 - 78 :ﻭﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ )) :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻅﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﺄﺨﺫﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺩﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﺸﻙ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻌﻘﺎﺏ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ[.* ﻋﻤﻭﻡ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟّﻴﺔ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟّﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻷ ّﻤﺔ ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ،ﻓﻜل ﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻭﻗﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ،ﻻ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻴﻥﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻭﻤﺤﻜﻭﻡ ،ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻋﺎﻤﻲ .ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟّﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟّﹼﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻫﻤـﺎ :ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ. * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ : / 1ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ / 2ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ / 3ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ؟ .2ﻫل ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺁﺩﺍﺒﺎ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ؟ ﺍﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ. .3ﺇﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺁﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ.
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻫﻲ : • ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻴﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﺩ :ﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺘﻴﺎﻨﻪ. • ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ :ﺒﻨﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ. • ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﺏ :ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻀﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ. .2ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ : • ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﻨﻜﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻓﻼ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ. • ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ. .3ﺁﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ :} ﹸﻜﻨﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﹶﺨ ْﻴﺭَ ُﺃ ﱠﻤ ٍﺔ ُﺃ ﹾﺨ ِﺭ َﺠ ﹾﺕ ِﻟﻠﱠﻨﺎ ِﺱ ﹶﺘْﺄ ُﻤ ُﺭﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﹾﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺭﻭ ِﻑ َﻭﹶﺘ ﹾﻨ َﻬ ْﻭ َﻥ َﻋ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤﻨ ﹶﻜﺭِ َﻭﹸﺘ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﻟﹼﻠـ ِﻪ َﻭﹶﻟـ ْﻭ ﺁ َﻤ َﻥ َﺃ ْﻫ ُل ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﹶﺘﺎ ِﺏ ﹶﻟ ﹶﻜﺎ َﻥ ﹶﺨ ْﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﱠﻟ ُﻬﻡ ﻤﱢ ﹾﻨ ُﻬ ُﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ َﻭَﺃ ﹾﻜﹶﺜ ُﺭ ُﻫ ُﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎ ِﺴ ﹸﻘﻭﻥَ {ﺁل ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ.110}ُﻴ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﻟﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻭﺍﹾﻟَﻴ ْﻭ ِﻡ ﺍﻵ ِﺨ ِﺭ َﻭَﻴْﺄ ُﻤ ُﺭﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﹾﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺭﻭ ِﻑ َﻭَﻴ ﹾﻨ َﻬ ْﻭ َﻥ َﻋ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤﻨ ﹶﻜﺭِ َﻭُﻴ َﺴﺎ ِﺭ ُﻋﻭ َﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﺨ ْﻴ َﺭﺍ ِﺕ َﻭُﺃ ْﻭﹶﻟـِﺌ َﻙ ِﻤ َﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺼﺎِﻟ ِﺤﻴ َﻥ {ﺁل ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ.114} َﻭﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ َﻭﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﹶﻨﺎ ﹸﺕ َﺒ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﺃ ْﻭﻟِﻴَﺎﺀ َﺒ ْﻌ ٍﺽ َﻴْﺄ ُﻤ ُﺭﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﹾﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺭﻭ ِﻑ َﻭَﻴ ﹾﻨ َﻬ ْﻭ َﻥ َﻋ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤﻨ ﹶﻜﺭِ َﻭُﻴ ِﻘﻴ ُﻤﻭ َﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺼ ﹶﻼ ﹶﺓ َﻭُﻴ ْﺅﹸﺘﻭ َﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺯ ﹶﻜﺎ ﹶﺓ َﻭُﻴ ِﻁﻴ ُﻌﻭ َﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ َﻪ َﻭ َﺭ ُﺴﻭﹶﻟ ُﻪ ُﺃ ْﻭﹶﻟـِﺌ َﻙ َﺴَﻴ ْﺭ َﺤ ُﻤ ُﻬ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ُﻪ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ َﻪ َﻋ ِﺯﻴ ٌﺯ َﺤ ِﻜﻴ ٌﻡ {ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺒﺔ71
ﺍﻟﻐﺯﻭ ﺍﻟّﹼﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺨﻁﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ : ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ :ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻌﻥ ﺴﻨﻥ ...ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻭﺍﻤـلﺍﻟﻐﺯﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭﻩ ﻭﻋﻼﺠﻪﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ:• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ .ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ.ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ .ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻘﻲ. •ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ* ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ * ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ * ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ * ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :ﻴﺅ ّﹼﻜﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺘﺅﻭل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤّﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻓﻘـﺩﺍﻥ ﻟﻬﻭﻴﺘﻬـﺎﻭﺍﻀﻤﺤﻼل ﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻷﻋﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜ ّل ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ ،ﺘـﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﻡ ﻫﺩ َﻱ ﻨﺒّﻴﻬﻡ .* ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅ :َﻋ ْﻥ َﺃِﺒﻲ َﺴ ِﻌﻴٍﺩ َﺭ ِﻀ َﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﱠ ُﻪ َﻋﹾﻨ ُﻪ َﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻨِﺒ ﱠﻲ َﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ُﻪ ﻋَﹶﻠْﻴﻪِ َﻭ َﺴﱠﻠ َﻡ ﹶﻗﺎ َل )) :ﹶﻟﹶﺘﺘﱠِﺒ ُﻌﻥﱠ ﺴَﹶﻨﻥَ َﻤ ْﻥ ﹶﻗْﺒﹶﻠ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ِﺸْﺒ ًﺭﺍ ِﺒ ِﺸْﺒ ٍﺭ َﻭِﺫ َﺭﺍ ًﻋـﺎِﺒِﺫ َﺭﺍ ٍﻉ َﺤﱠﺘﻰ ﹶﻟ ْﻭ َﺴﹶﻠ ﹸﻜﻭﺍ ُﺠ ْﺤ َﺭ َﻀ ﱟﺏ ﹶﻟ َﺴﹶﻠ ﹾﻜﹸﺘ ُﻤﻭُﻩ .ﹸﻗﹾﻠﹶﻨﺎَ :ﻴﺎ َﺭ ُﺴﻭ َل ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟَﻴ ُﻬﻭَﺩ َﻭﺍﻟﱠﹼﻨ َﺼﺎ َﺭﻯ؟ ﹶﻗﺎلَ :ﹶﻓ َﻤ ْﻥ؟((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ [ .* ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎﺴﺒﻴﻠﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻫﺠﻬﻡ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻬﻡ. ﺴﻨﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻡﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺸﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﺭﺍﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻤﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﻀﺏ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﺯﻭﺍﺤﻑ ﻴﻌﻴﺵ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺭﻱ. ﺠﺤﺭ ﻀﺏ* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل* ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺸﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ :ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺒﻭﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ،ﻭﻴﻘ ّﺭﺭﺼﺩﻕ ﻭﺤﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﺘﺅﻭل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤّﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﻫﻭﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻭﺍﻀـﻤﺤﻼلﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ،ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻟﻸﻤﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺴﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜ ّل ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﺎﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ.* ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ :ﻭﻴﺤﺫﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻟ ّﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺩﻡﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﻬﻡ ،ﻭﺒﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ،ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﹼﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ،ﻓﻼ ﺒﺄﺱ ﺒـﻪ ،ﺒـل ﻫـﻭﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺄﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ،ﻷﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﻻ ﺩﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ ،ﺒل ﻫﻲ ﻤﻠﻙ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺩﺍ ﻟﻬﻭﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﺼﺎﻟﹼﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻨﺤﺭﺍﻓﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﺼﺭﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﹼﻟـﺫﻱ ﻨﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ.* ﺍﻷ ّﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤّﻴﺯﺓ :ﻓ ّﻀل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺃﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ،ﻭﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﻓﻬﻲﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﹸﻜﻨﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﹶﺨْﻴﺭَ ُﺃ ﱠﻤ ٍﺔ ُﺃ ﹾﺨ ِﺭ َﺠ ﹾﺕ ِﻟﻠﱠﻨﺎ ِﺱﹶﺘْﺄ ُﻤ ُﺭﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﹾﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺭﻭ ِﻑ َﻭﹶﺘﹾﻨﻬَ ْﻭﻥَ َﻋ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤﻨ ﹶﻜﺭِ َﻭﹸﺘ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﻟّﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻭﹶﻟ ْﻭ ﺁ َﻤ َﻥ َﺃ ْﻫ ُل ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﹶﺘﺎ ِﺏ ﹶﻟ ﹶﻜﺎ َﻥ ﹶﺨْﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﱠﻟ ُﻬﻡ ﻤﱢﹾﻨ ُﻬُﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ َﻭَﺃ ﹾﻜﹶﺜ ُﺭ ُﻫُﻡ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﻔﺎ ِﺴﹸﻘﻭﻥَ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺁل ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ . [110 /
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ / 1ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻬ ّﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤّﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ. / 2ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟ ّﺼﺭﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻤﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ. / 4ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻘﺎﺌﺩّﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﺏ. / 5ﻟﻴﺱ ﻜ ّل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﺒل ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎ.* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : -1ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟ ّﺼﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ،ﻭﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﺃﻭﺼﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ؟ -2ﺒﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤّﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ؟ -3ﺇﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ.* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : -1ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ :ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﺤﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺎﻟﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻐﻀﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ. -2ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﹸﻜﻨﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﹶﺨْﻴﺭَ ُﺃ ﱠﻤ ٍﺔ ُﺃ ﹾﺨ ِﺭ َﺠ ﹾﺕ ِﻟﻠﱠﻨﺎ ِﺱ ﹶﺘْﺄ ُﻤ ُﺭﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﹾﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺭﻭ ِﻑ ﻭَﹶﺘﹾﻨ َﻬ ْﻭﻥَ َﻋ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤﻨ ﹶﻜﺭِ َﻭﹸﺘ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ ِﺒﺎﻟّﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻭﹶﻟ ْﻭ ﺁ َﻤ َﻥ َﺃ ْﻫ ُلﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﹶﺘﺎ ِﺏ ﹶﻟ ﹶﻜﺎ َﻥ ﹶﺨْﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﱠﻟ ُﻬﻡ ﻤﱢﹾﻨ ُﻬُﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ َﻭَﺃ ﹾﻜﹶﺜ ُﺭ ُﻫ ُﻡ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﻔﺎ ِﺴﹸﻘﻭﻥَ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺁل ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ . [110 / -3ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﻟﻪ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ :ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ. •ﻴﻘﺘل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ. •ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ. •ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺭﻫﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ. •
ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺨﺼّﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ :ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋل ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ...ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟـﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺨﺼّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ: • ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ .ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ. • ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ .ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻘﻲ. • ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ * ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ * ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ * ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ * ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﺜل ﺭﺍﺌﻊ ﻴﻀﺭﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺃﺨﻁﺅﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﻀﻠﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻓـﻲﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺃﻫﻭﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﻭﺸﻬﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ،ﻭﻤﺜل ﺁﺨﺭ ﻷﻭﻻﺌﻙ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻓﺴﻜﺘﻭﺍ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﻭﺃﻏﻤـﻀﻭﺍﺃﻋﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﺤﻭﻟﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻭﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻬﻡ ،ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ . * ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅ :ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺒﺸﻴﺭ َﺭ ِﻀ ِﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﱠ ُﻪ َﻋ ﹾﻨﻬﻤﹸﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ َﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ُﻪ ﻋَﹶﻠ ْﻴﻪِ َﻭ َﺴﱠﻠﻡ ﻗﺎلَ )) :ﻤﹶﺜـ ُل ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘـﺎﺌِﻡَِﻋﹶﻠﻰ ُﺤ ُﺩﻭ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻭﺍﹾﻟ َﻭﺍِﻗ ِﻊ ِﻓﻴ َﻬﺎ ﹶﻜﻤَﹶﺜلِ ﹶﻗ ْﻭﻡٍ ﺍ ْﺴﹶﺘ َﻬ ُﻤﻭﺍ َﻋﹶﻠﻰ َﺴ ِﻔﻴﹶﻨﺔٍ ﹶﻓَﺄ َﺼﺎ َﺏ َﺒ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﺃ ْﻋﹶﻠﺎ َﻫﺎ َﻭَﺒ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﺃ ْﺴـ ﹶﻔﹶﻠ َﻬﺎﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﺎ َﻥ ﺍﱠﻟ ِﺫﻴ َﻥ ِﻓﻲ َﺃ ْﺴ ﹶﻔِﻠ َﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ ْﺴﹶﺘ ﹶﻘ ْﻭﺍ ِﻤ ْﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ َﻤﺎ ِﺀ َﻤ ﱡﺭﻭﺍ َﻋﹶﻠﻰ َﻤ ْﻥ ﹶﻓ ْﻭ ﹶﻗ ُﻬ ْﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎﹸﻟﻭﺍ ﹶﻟ ْﻭ َﺃﱠﻨﺎ ﹶﺨ َﺭ ﹾﻗﹶﻨﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻨ ِﺼﻴِﺒﹶﻨﺎ ﹶﺨ ْﺭ ﹰﻗﺎَﻭﹶﻟ ْﻡ ﹸﻨ ْﺅ ِﺫ َﻤ ْﻥ ﹶﻓ ْﻭ ﹶﻗﹶﻨﺎ ﹶﻓِﺈ ْﻥ َﻴ ﹾﺘ ُﺭ ﹸﻜﻭ ُﻫ ْﻡ َﻭ َﻤﺎ َﺃ َﺭﺍ ُﺩﻭﺍ َﻫﹶﻠ ﹸﻜﻭﺍ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ًﻌﺎ َﻭِﺇ ْﻥ َﺃ ﹶﺨ ﹸﺫﻭﺍ َﻋﹶﻠﻰ َﺃ ْﻴ ِﺩﻴ ِﻬ ْﻡ ﹶﻨ َﺠ ْﻭﺍ َﻭﹶﻨ َﺠ ْﻭﺍ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ًﻌﺎ((. ]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ[. * ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﹼﺘﻬﺎ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ :ﻤﺎ ﻨﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠﻪﺍﻗﺘﺭﻋﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻤﻭﺍﻨﺼﻴﺒﻨﺎ ﺤﻘﻨﺎﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﻌﻭﻫﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺨﺫﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻬﻡ * ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل* ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ :ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜـﺭﺼﻤﺎﻡ ﺁﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﺘﻬﺎﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻨﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻠﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻭﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻭﻫﻼﻙ ﺃﻤﺘﻬﻡ.* ﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ :ﻓﻜل ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻟﻪﻤﺼﺎﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻪ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ ﻭﻤﺼﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤّﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻟـﻡ ﺘﺘﻌـﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺁﺩﺍﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺨﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﺎ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋّﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺜﻘﺎﻓّﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻴﺎﺴّﻴﺔ.* ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ :ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻟﻐﻴﺙ ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻨﻔﻊ ،ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎ ﻤﻤﺎﻴﻌﺎﻴﺸﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻹﻤﻌﺔ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ:))ﻻ ﺘﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﺇﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻟﻭﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺤﺴﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻅﻠﻤﻭﺍ ﻅﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻭﻁﻨﻭﺍ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻜﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺴﻨﻭﺍ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﻓﻼ ﺘﻅﻠﻤﻭﺍ(( .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ. * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ / 1ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻱ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ.
/ 2ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ . / 3ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ . / 4ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎ. * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ؟ .2 .3 ﻫل ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ؟ ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ؟
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﺼﻤﺎﻡ ﺁﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﺘﻬﺎﻭﻥ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻨﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ. .2ﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻜل ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺤﺭّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻓـﻼ ﻴﺠـﻭﺯ ﻟـﻪ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ. .3ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ :ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ ﻭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻹﻤﻌﺔ ،ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺴﻴﺌﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻴﺌﻬﻡ.
ﻫﺩﻱ ﺍﻟ ﱡّﺴﹼﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ : ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ :ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻙ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺎ ﻴﺒﺘﻐﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ...ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻀل ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ: • ﺸﺭﺡ ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ .ﺃﺒﻭ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ. • ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻴﻥ .ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻘﻲ. ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ * ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ * ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ * ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ * ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ * ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ : ﺇ ّﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺠﻠﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻫﻡ ﻭﺭﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻫـﻡ ﺍﻟﻤـﺼﺎﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﹼﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻴﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﻁﺭﻴﻕ ،ﻓﻠﻠﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻀﺎﺌل ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ. * ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅﻋﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺭﻀﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎل ﺴﻤﻌﺕ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ َﻴ ﹸﻘـﻭ ُلَ )) :ﻤـ ْﻥﺴَﹶﻠﻙَ ﹶﻁ ِﺭﻴ ﹰﻘﺎ َﻴ ﹾﻁﹸﻠ ُﺏ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﻋﹾﻠ ًﻤﺎ ﺴَﹶﻠﻙَ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﱠ ُﻪ ِﺒ ِﻪ ﹶﻁ ِﺭﻴ ﹰﻘﺎ ﺇِﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺠﱠﻨ ِﺔ َﻭِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ َﻤﹶﻠﺎﺌِ ﹶﻜ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟﹶﺘﻀَ ُﻊ َﺃ ْﺠِﻨ َﺤﹶﺘ َﻬﺎ ِﺭ ًﻀـﺎ ﻟِ ﹶﻁﺎِﻟـﺏِﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﹾﻠ ِﻡ َﻭِﺇﱠﻨ ُﻪ ﹶﻟَﻴ ْﺴﹶﺘ ﹾﻐ ِﻔ ُﺭ ِﻟﹾﻠ َﻌﺎِﻟ ِﻡ َﻤ ْﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠّﺴ َﻤ َﻭﺍ ِﺕ َﻭﺍﹾﻟَﺄ ْﺭ ِﺽ َﺤﱠﺘﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﺤﻴﹶﺘﺎ ُﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ َﻤﺎ ِﺀ َﻭ ﹶﻓ ْﻀ ُل ﺍﹾﻟ َﻌﺎِﻟ ِﻡ َﻋﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ َﻌﺎِﺒـ ِﺩﹶﻜ ﹶﻔ ْﻀلِ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﻤَﺭِ َﻋﹶﻠﻰ َﺴﺎِﺌ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ َﻭﺍ ِﻜ ِﺏ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻌﹶﻠ َﻤﺎ َﺀ ُﻫ ْﻡ ﻭَﺭَﹶﺜ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟَﺄ ﹾﻨِﺒَﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻟ ْﻡ َﻴ ِﺭﹸﺜﻭﺍ ِﺩﻴﹶﻨﺎ ًﺭﺍ َﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ْﺭ َﻫ ًﻤﺎ َﻭِﺇﱠﻨ َﻤﺎ َﻭ ِﺭﹸﺜـﻭﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﹾﻠ َﻡ ﹶﻓ َﻤ ْﻥ َﺃ ﹶﺨ ﹶﺫ ُﻩ َﺃ ﹶﺨ ﹶﺫ ِﺒ َﺤ ﱟﻅ َﻭﺍ ِﻓ ٍﺭ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ[. * ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙﻫﻭ ﺍﻟ ّﺼﺤﺎﺒﻲ ﻋﻭﻴﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺯﻴﺩ ،ﺍﺒﻥ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺍﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ،ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟ ّﺩﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺭﺠﻰ ،ﻭﻗﻴـل ﺍﺴـﻤﻪ ﻋﺎﻤﺭ ﻭﻋﻭﻴﻤﺭ ﺃﺴﹼﻠﻡ ﻋﻘﻴﺏ ﺒﺩﺭ ،ﺘﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﻨﺔ 32ﻫـ
ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ * ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺴﻠﻙ ﺴﺎﺭ ﺘﻨﺯل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﺭﺤﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻀﻊ ﺃﺠﻨﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺭﻀﺎ ﻗﺒﻭﻻ ﺒﺤﻅ ﻋﻅﻴﻡ ﺒﺤﻅ ﻭﺍﻓﺭ * ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺤﻠﻴل* ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ :ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻟﺩﺨﺯل ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﻬـﺫﺍ ﺩﻟﻴـل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻑ ﻁﻠﺒﻪ .ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻟﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ .* ﺜﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺸﺭﻑ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻡ :ﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺜﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔﻭﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ ﻨﺯﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ ﻭﺤﻀﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺠﺎﻟ ّﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ ﺘﻀﻊ ﺃﺠﻨﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻁﺎﻟـﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻡ ﺭﻀﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻌل ،ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﻀل ﻋﻅﻴﻡ.* ﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺒﺩ :ﻭﻴﺒﻥ ﺍﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺯﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﻭﺩﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﹼﻨﻔﻊ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻴﻌﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﻠﺱ.* ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ :ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻨﺒ ّﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻡ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴـﺎﺀﻭﻭﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻭﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﻫﺩﺍّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ ﻭﺩﻻﻟﹼﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻫﻡ ﻭﺭﺜـﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭﺍ ،ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺒﺤﻅ ﻭﺍﻓﺭ. * ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ : / 1ﺍﻟﹼﺘﺭﻏﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ . / 2ﻨﺯﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ ﻭﺤﻀﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟ ّﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ. / 3ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﻜ ّل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻡ . / 4ﻋﻠﻭ ﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ. / 5ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﻭﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ . ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ؟ .2ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ؟ .3ﻫل ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ؟ ﻋﻠل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻭل.
ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ : .1ﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ : • ﺃﻨﻪ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ. • ﺴﺒﺏ ﻟﻜﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ. • ﺴﺒﺏ ﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﺎﻴﺎ. .2ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ :ﻷﻥ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ ،ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻴﻌـﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ. .3ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ ،ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻤل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌـﺔ،ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺃﻤﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺩﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻲﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ ،ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺒﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺄﺘﻰ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠـﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻁـﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ..ﺍﻟﺦ. ﻗﺎل ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ: } َﻭ ِﻓﻲ َﺃﻨ ﹸﻔ ِﺴ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َﺃ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﺎ ﺘﹸ ْﺒ ِﺼ ُﺭﻭ َﻥ {ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺭﻴﺎﺕ.21 }ﹸﻗ ِل ﺍﻨ ﹸﻅ ُﺭﻭﹾﺍ َﻤﺎ ﹶﺫﺍ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻤﺎ َﻭﺍ ِﺕ َﻭﺍ َﻷ ْﺭﺽِ َﻭ َﻤﺎ ﹸﺘ ﹾﻐِﻨﻲ ﺍﻵَﻴﺎ ﹸﺕ َﻭﺍﻟﻨﱡ ﹸﺫ ُﺭ َﻋﻥ ﹶﻗ ْﻭﻡٍ ﱠﻻ ُﻴ ْﺅ ِﻤﹸﻨﻭ َﻥ{ .ﻴﻭﻨﺱ.101}ﹸﻗ ْل ِﺴﻴ ُﺭﻭﺍ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟَﺄ ْﺭ ِﺽ ﹶﻓﺎﻨ ﹸﻅ ُﺭﻭﺍ ﹶﻜ ْﻴ ﹶﻑ ﺒَﺩََﺃ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﺨﹾﻠ ﹶﻕ ﹸﺜﻡﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ُﻴﻨ ِﺸ ُﺊ ﺍﻟﱠﻨ ﹾﺸَﺄ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﺂﺨِﺭَ ﹶﺓ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َﻋﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻜلﱢ ﹶﺸـ ْﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻗ ِﺩﻴ ٌﺭ {ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻭﺕ20
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