زاد العلوم الفيزيائية 2 ثانوي

J.,J\~)W\ ~~\ J.#= ~ ~~ ;;;-,;I.4l\ oi ~ Fee131 6H20 ~'ô! ~ J<JI>;' ~'jl (6H,ol d A -.:.!:..,p. 6 If; b\"..:; (FeCZ,) 6.:..;p. J'=j ')~' (IIIl ,,( a,.L..J.;\"'\" If;t,b;\", \", ~ .)wt,.j 6.>)..IA~j ~'j)\"\" uLo ~\\"s~ ~ >.bp j b ~ 2-ù1..4iU 'i-' ';;.lYj u,...y ~l,I )~\ J !~ I$jJ\ ~\ \" 'il~ 0 1 \.ll.i J~' ~ i.J! ~ J~ \4!ü)J... 1.l! , 25mL ) 1.pJ\ ~Û ~~~..... h,u.oJt,. J.;\"'\" t,b;\"\" ~ ,~I j l ,).il ~ If;.' u...oj ,~! loI. 25mLJ~'100mL ~j>J' Jt.....;...,,,s~.:,s:.,, ~ , 50mL ...... ~ U\"~ 500mL .1=..~;, ~, ,.;., /:.AIj \" Wt,. t.>j!..\" , 25mL >.bj>J' J t.....;..., ,J,.l4..oJt,.j~A1j ,cS\"\";\"I•.>\" t.>j!..\",->( 50mL J.,...l J.,w, ca C>\"'~ ~'\",l' ,...,.u F J.,...50mL ......,... uLo ~ , ~, '-'\"\"';' 1 m=CMV 1 4J,;.S..l ~ ~I.....> .!J ,(JolI , C=~=~ loI ~ V MVM(FeCZ,,6H,o)=(56)+(3 x35,5)+6(18)=270,5gl moZ m=lx270,5 x5,10'\" '0~!' V=50mL = 5,,10'\" , C=lmoZ\"L -l \"\4.\.:,...w1\"s,,,,;...J' uLo..,..,.,. <?' ~' \"\"\"j 1 m=13,525g l ,.......1 -... ,....,... ~ ~~ .J ,..,1=; ,\..J,;, FeCZ,,6H,o J~! I(Fee '\" 6H,O),,,- -_' IFe\" \a<l) .30(aql .6H,O IF\"\" ,.,) =C=lmoZ.L'\" '0~!' (1),., Fe\" ,.,) J \"sjoA~' ~..uJ' 01 b>~ ICZ\"'''I)I =3C=3moZ.L'\" '0~\ ,( 3),., CZ\",.\" J \"sjoA~U..uJ'01 b>~

.C=O,lOlmol.L\"' .j.fo.';' NH, (0') » l.:.;.)1Jj6.0 \",,(2L ) ~..,.\"\",,28% <,$,1..:. ~ \",~;,.,....;, d=0,95.:..1:6. <,$)~ Jj6.0 \"\" l;)!b:.) ..!Il\".>,.. ~I . ~' ~.,:J.' ~ ù~~, ~l:?jj'.P-~' t:!b ' o.l\ j4IL.. ~ 1J~I ul<- ~ ..P <,$)6.0)1Jjbll \"\" .b.1 ,\"\",,\"I~I ,.,.,.JI -,.....>1 ~ 2 . ~.Jll-J \ .J~I ~~I \"\",~IJpi',..,JI \"\"\"' ~ 3M(N)=14gl mol . M(H)=lgl mol . ...wl .P% Ôj'ùL:Jl ~).J~~\ êI.,I~I ~?Y\ t: l b ' oQ\" I\ .!l l V' .$_1~ j ~l <10.:lI0.>,.... .!l .~)~1 ) .l\.WJl J jb..o .:;JJ)\.! 0,,)-0 \".J.>.l ~ljJ1V' o.$)~1 J~\ ~ ...,.,~V'= 100.MY.C P% .d .M -':\"'fi-lI 4J,..J1~I, . \",,-...;JM(NH) =(14)+(1 x3)=17gl mol\" P% = 28%, C= O,lmol.L -l , d = 0,95 . V = 2L .u\".ll,V'= 100x17x2x0,1 ul<- J=..>.> . .28xO,95 U\"Y-'V'=12,78 ;,12.8mL 'u~) -:r.~ ' ''';,s . .!l~,u;oi' ui 2L ) 4<o <U,>\",. '\" \",,,..,,<,$)6.O)IJ~II ,,,,12,8mL ~I b. ~. ~jll U, ,>.b.,?l' .l.U . ) \".)1b> ~).»ll ,u\".P,;\" V=2L ~ . NH, » l.:.;.)I\"\" J y,.. ul<- .l.ll...>.\". .!l!':\"' u~, .C=O, l OmoU'

= , ,M=149,9 g.mol ·' '4l~1 P=90,O% ;),t:â..J\ ~).3 (Na '+I-) (.)..._...•,.·r_:-1'1....._...,u-oI~jjj .,;'JIAJ\ ~ ~I:! ;LJ.,.... \".• Il ÔjUa.:J\ ~)..l u--o ~\ >:>~I.l\)t .!J 1\"':>(.JI ~ JoWI ,w\> ~ J..-Slj '~j> \" lf'i>1. m'=8,2 g -'?-,>~C~IJ)~I.j#=;:' 'r\"~,..-JI ~,, j)A ~ J~ ~ J=..' .500mLr,,~,..-JI ~\" J~ j)A 50mL <,5J\"\", t.,.> <,5p...l1 .;>1 ~ :i<.~W\I,)\"'4! '41> ~J.>.lI,,~~ ~\" ~1(Na+ (IJq)+r(dq).R=200 >....,:4J1-'?-,>J,wI ...Jwc.>\"ljj,~ ..,.\>~I')I..ùI~1 . GJjb..JJ~L;\"\"'~ I . 1 .aJ:..lr_-~1-1 ~.~r·'·\I ?...\",,1.!W\4.,...j ~.... .l ' '-' S=4cm2 ~16-0 \">.';'·oJ== ~l.....o, ub'J L=lcm ~i;'_!;' , o HiJ:,I ....I..s.,J \>J~..I; ~I Jjb..lJ Cj#=jJl .)y.: -'?- ....,;jyljf=. ü~lj J~\> . 1~ :> -0 ,').\" ,Â.N~' .C j.#::::.;JI ~ t • -..,.1'-?J4üJ1 ~~.l~1 .l~ %P ô,lA.:Jl ~).l ~ ~\ . t .!! 4,'i rl .;.~ '..$J~I rj.l.l~I.lj.l ô! ~~I...L:>' \,jj ~ ~ • ~À,.=7, 7 0 m s . m ' lmol . À , =5 ,O lm s.m' lmol ,-:,L,6... No ..hJ\rj.I.l~\ .l~ .JO lA.iG...o 'ij1:- ~ wl oll)i..$~101 ~ .~I \.lA 0-A ..:s41'.!l 1 :G ~L... ~ -.lt-> . .!J':\" G=5.1O's 1 . G= 210 =5'10·\"S'ü~!.G=R1'ü.l ~. .

5.1 0-2 x 10-2 : ~~j1t cr =1,25sm-1 l ,&\.i.Aj cr = 4x 10-4 C~jUl ~ )~ • .!.lcr =ÀNa+[No' !+À t-Ir! 'ü~! cr = L, À,[X,! ~ ,\"\",YP ü.9'l>Nalft) _ _, W--'\"J-~.~ Na' (lIq) + l- (Dq):3~ , , C~....JI.....> . ...... C= 1,25 ,.b.,j 4À.JW, 0)L,aJl~· U\".Y-'. , 5,01,10 '+7,70,10-' . C=98 1m0O' ,lL = 9,8,1O-'moll L ,-\"\"J~.\"\"-j C=98mollm' P% ~,1.A.J1 b )~ ~ _-> • .!.I 1 P% -_ 100.M., V.C .·û·,.ll m,=100.1M'%'v,C ·..·....1 ~ mr----, P% = 100x149,9xO,500x9,8.1O-' - 896 . .. 82 ' , ~~~1 P% =89,6% l '0Jl ) lA.lI~ oll.:W1~I ~ ~y.ÏÜ ~ 89. 6% À,I~1 ~!u..:J1 ~;J':'! . -.J J.1...l'\"'4iJ1 ~lb>I ..lj...l.> ~j . A,1J~I .C_SJb. ,;J\"~, \",. \" ...',(.. I.JA ~u .... c_S~.~ -\" u-1 ........, ..._..ccj

~ ,:·3 i>..l>jll 4 !l\),,),\i>.J-:!W I ;' ),.,,,,Ij,l i>.JUI 4':6...., :~..L.,~Ij ~,1..Llb... JIu.u\"...kI»lI- 1 ~L.JJI-, ~I c.l,)WI 1 1 , 110\"'-' ...w, ... ..'. . a...J....•...., . I.?''l:ll' j . \" ......\"...,,\"-1a.-Jl:ll' ..I...,.'b.ll'.·...', ~j..).W>'I ~..ü. l .) 1~. . • ;yJl:llI1:'\llJI..,L: ~ ü jlll\"\";:' J,;\",,)üj .o;J-\"441' ~ ü,9l.o...4.:.1S J~ J\" J.,lb.ll ü J..,lll..,a.> J~ .;;.J1..,a.> J~ >\"...JI J~ , (~, .. u.u... üjl uI-'-' ......l.,, ~lj ·üj1...!I...4.:.1SJ1e-' 9'''''' \"':\"':';-'.r.' ~ L. c..- L.J•J1-, __~I l'''''''';'' 2 1 ~~ !ll.!l2!J 1~I j l H ' ü §'j.H \"\" ~I J,o.O; (.,s»l.:,jl-~j,>-) ~~ 1Y Jb ~ ..,;...JIJcu..JI ..,...o.; , WI ~I j l ü§'j\".,Jl l':'\" ~ .,s.iJ1~ ..,.l.,,~lj ~~ Jcliû , W I . ~~ , 6 J'':u...J\...,4Jb.1\!l2!12 !lI .>\"•.\".. ~ , Wle-' 'WOliû ü~jAHjAyt,. ~ jA.HAH + HP - - _ . (A' + H,o' )~! .\lI ~ J jb..o Hcl + H,o - - _. (H,o' +cl)~j~I).F j\'c' .UI ~ J~(uA- Jj~ ...,-J ) ..,...., .\lI) .lU JY=> ( ..,..,u;j.J

HNO, + HP - -_. (H, O' + NO,) ( ':'jj':âI ~ ) ~;..:J1.p.- V\"u ..!.Lj.iJI ~ Jj6..0 H ,SO, + 2HP • (2HP' + 50.') ~I \":\"\"'~I ~ ...,..,1....\ ~~\ ~JJ6..- CH, COOH + HP • (HP' + CH,COO) ~\ ~I ~ ..,..1....1 NaOH • (Na' + HO) (...,..1....1 Jj~..,..al)~.l~1 .l,-lIJjb.A KOH ,\"' ~ . (K' + HO) 'r'~-,).J..:4l' ;;..l;\..!. ~ ,H l O' ~.l)l.:Jl • (~~~~I) .!1 ~.!J-44l\".J~\"\",\", ' (OH ) ;.JWJI • ( --+ ) lA\"' ü~~Lü , >.\",oJI..,....... ~1 • H ,SO,. HNO, . HCl>.\"j-Ô..,.......I 0\">.!:..oI, (= )~ü\"\"owoLüü~~, .J •.a ll ~l • . • !'! ... .;,~J~' ..,....... ~'J&>.! . CH, COOH JO.l, ~ , >.!:..ol, ( - - + ) lA'\" ~Lüü~.;JI ,-,\"\",~I .\",.. , >.\",oJI...... ~I . KOH. NaOH , Jl.o - (= ) ~ü \"\" owoLü ü~ ~.:.JI U\"l..~I .9'\" 'J' a il -\",l..~1 • NH,. CH,NH,. NH\" Jl.o ' ~,(H3 0 ' ) ~~,)--4fl\ EI.l)l.:.,I A_\";,,.,.,JI J..J~I ~ , Cl.b.> ~../ . (OH')~.!J-44l\".Jt.:.,. .....l..~1 J,.J6...J1 :(AH/ A )\"\"LI , c.~ ~L:..:JI Î>~ 1 AH + HP H,O' + A' -1 .~ t t1...:'::' ;1~ ~r\"\" t Hp' / HP AH/A'25

<>- LI ,' c.~ .,;,.,.;....u1';..r.'W 1 1 4 , \"sjA ..,.t..1t\" \"sjA Jo4>- Jd.iü ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 4 ,Jt:... •.(Na · +OW) ~~I Jjb.o t\" (H , O· +cn ,UI J#= Jo4>- Jjb.o Jcl,;:; , ~~1.,.Jjll o,Hb\":;, Va =20ml ~ , L...lI J#=Jo4>-Jjb.o ~~F<l\"\"\"\"\".,....,~lüjllyJjbllü~BBT J~I\"JI \"Jjl ,jA '-\"lyW Ca =lO\" mol/l Ch =5.1O·' mol/l o,Hb\":;~~IJjb.o i>.>b...JI ~F,\"\"Ch = 5.10-1 mOlli}Vb=? Na>+OW Jjb.o ....- -Ca = 10-2 moll l}Vb= 20mol~\~\"ilë:\JbJ\ C•V• C.V. Omal Omal X........jll >JI..JI C•V•-X C.V, -X X X~l4-•.h 6.JbJ\ C•V•- X =0 C•V•- X . mu -X mU m.

~b.j':l\ .~'::i\\":;'J<;\9:; - 2 , ] \",~I~-... ù-* ~ ~~ ,Li))1 ..,.WJI \"'t:.,,;.60 J,c.. Cu iJ\"b..'J\ (Cu :~ +so:~) 1,)\"'b..'J1..).J''':',,:,jl J! ..l~ (CU]·I...)+S02~(..J) 1 yt\"I'.:L! .o 6.>'1...\"..... euh r_,I ë\....ûU\ ) jA-il\ ~ j.;>J\..)L Cu 1,.)\"b..:J\ 0-\" ~ ....,...... ~ .. ~ (Zn) 0-\" I..W w....ly, (Zn) ..~,.,Q0-\" .-.:ou..,:.;;->.u,. J,wIClY ~ J,wl ~ ~...-.:ou..,:. !...T\"'1\"I\"\"\"'1\" Jo\"r--'-I Ü':\"1\"~\"\"\"'IlF',:.',j ,li))1 U\"'WJI ~),l..'. ~\",- Cu2• ~..,. ,~W\~j~f,~;_! ;\"o; H~~\ .:.r..~..lW~~ Cu 2+ + 2e Cu Zn Zn 20 + 2e : '4JW\ ilI.lt-J\ ~ ~ ~ \ ':;:~.lI.a.:oJ \ ~~ ~ Cu ·2 + Zn2+ + 2e\" Cu 2• + Zn Cu + Zn 2+ , ~.:.:'ûj;.SJ)', ..l...l.i:. J''';;''>4, ,.,,) (Ag ' + NO,) <w.4J1\"\";-;J,c..~ CUr>~I..,.WJI 0-\" '\"\"\"\" ~ ,2 \",~I , A.,)WI :-'''-\"1' l=.)ü pu..,:. J,c..

~1 ..:.ljû JjL­ (Ag\"+NO ï ) Cu V\"~~....... \":'ÜL~ J~ J4' ';)jl J jL- ~ ~I .....-~ CU1\"+SO'l; V\"~1 ..r rL .,s:.JJI <,;..;.JI V\"~I i\b.......' ..,..boJl <Ib\"';1~ (Ag) --....JI __0\" d..AAII ~\~ Jj6..0 J.>\..l ;;) \".w .(-':'u..:.JI) J~I \" ,tl b>~ >..,SIS • .lA -'\"-!j ..l;1~ ..l,?\" ...,L=. al':i..l (9) j:il u.,u'y .(Cu 2. ) ~LüJ\ \J\"\"6..:J \ , ~~ I ~~\Jc.UW..l l ~ ~1 ...,.,....F : ~\Ag + (l1q) + le\" Ag(s)v,~1 2~ ;)) .l ~ ~~' \J\"\"6..:JI ~1).l0' t..:ü (Agt ) cil.\"\"·' '::'! I$.JJI U,,~,!I, =Ag' +le' Ag,,) ,.)\:JI J<oI.o.]l -,....>\",u\" j.> .,. fLA <,S.lJ1\",lAoJlj ~~ .\"...u W\, \" ,p>:JI' ,,,,; ,;,,, (Air) .;,1 t., ·t l?-)!, .~I \",u\" j.> .... fLA <,S.lJ1\",lAoJl, ~.,.; ,~ 1.lJ \",p>:J12 .lA! \"-'\'( Cu ) l.1tb)~1 <u~t... ~ .~ ~I <u~t... ~ f~ ~I?-)~I .~ ~I \",u\" ~ J~ 2 L; J, ~I dJ..lWl ~~ \".iJI~ ~ wJ, ...:J\.j,;.sJ':i\ ..l~ -4>~ ...1.1,1 I~\" 2 x [AIr ,O,) + le' - Ag,,) ] t l?-)I \",u\" CUl') _ Cu2• (Qq) + 2 e\" ;)~1 Jc.Üù2Agt (Q.,) + 2e' +Cu(s) _ Ag(,)+Cu2+(Q.,) +2 e\" , ~ ~]~,j\"bWI ~ , ~...:J\.j,~,!\ ..l~ J\~4,2Ag>(Q'l)+ CU(J) - Ag(.) +CU2+(Q4)~ ,;.....; <U~l.ll ,;!\"b JI(NO\" ) -\"IJUlI ~h':'''''''j \" , = rol..;J1~)Ij<!J1 ..w,\' j : iI..!J~I 41~ ,!1 aJ..lWl2(Ag' 0 + NO', 0 +Cu , - 2Ag , +(Cu\" 0 +2 NO', 0

ci;~L.:; 1 2 .~ü~j.5J:Vl J~l,ü J.diü j4> ~4--J\"i' ô~~1 Jd.iü ,.~.,. ~~ 1é.;)1J>oUüJIJ ~I JI t.;Jfil! ~,?~ >.,0 JS ~ ~~I . ·tt;>;! J>oUü :~,.,-' ~ 22 •..w'y .;yUI ~ :...... .. Cu 2+ (Dq) + 2e- CUl') ,1 \"-.,I~\ ~~1) j\"- t>.J-' ••~- Cu (s) CU\" (aq) + 2e- _2 i.,.r.--'!'\" \.;,,1) L.s Cu (,) CU\" (aq) + 2e- _\"'~ ~\"'I ~ Cu\" / Cu -.,., &::..J-' / ~;.. \"\"WJlül J 3'ùJ - Ired ~ OX + ne-I 1 A = A\" + ne-I\"\"WJIOX/red ~.9l' t>r-I' ClJ;, 'o', 11 Al..l\..a.QJ \ W ,W I H H, 2H ++2e' == H ,Mn0 2- Mn 2• 2 MnO/' +8H++Se' = Mn 2 + 4HP + Fe'- Fel' ==12 +2e\" 2l 1/ 1- l , /'S 0 2, /S 0 2. , , ,,S 0 2.46 23 S 0 2- , , - \"S0 2' +2e- - 25 0 2- :- ~-- cJL:.. 3 - 2' Na 5 0 ~~.l~!'.::'I~fo~J~~\j,l..l~ ~-='_~~..Hw \"] i - -, \" II~,a. ~j,'>~I \"\",\"--,fo~ J~ ; ->-IL... ab..lj,' ~~I ,?\"\" J.;b- j#=;O.., ~ • . j#=;J1

ü~\ .Eü ~ 1..lL..:i.c! ~~ , d..b..A.:! ~ ~~1 ... , ~\-,.Ù'\ ,j.Fo}JI J~I, >j\"ll ';u:. J~ , ~)..I.A 4>6...... ~ Na ;}S20 3 Jjb.o• .\"...,..tliA b1;.. ,JAl> - -.(,\"\"w. A'=> ~_ -S~ '..\CLO) >.;.\".:;JI .J'4,>,;! J~0ACo ·j.Fo.>'I,>j\"lI .;u:.J~0AV = lOmL ~F.C= lO\" molll.j.Fo.>' Na ,5p, rj<>~I .:.u\"foj<t. J~ \"'-6..JI,;! F - ..Ü' :-\"J1\"\"'.~. ~~-' \"L,- ~\",\"1 ~ i.J..U' ~ejA I~~,.. ~L:û.l '..:\"I L.k';~ W 0 :;\"0; 1\ ~..lW' ~~. 50 \"/50 \" :1 3 4 li, ero~ lo~;... ~u:Jl~l t...lt:. ,)..J......S:::.)u 6 :;\"0; 1\ 4.l.llal\ 4.,1~. II I'=2S,O';(aq)+I,(aq) S,O';(aq)+2r(aq):~~;}'I ;.,.5JJI c:4lA:l ~..\"llI'.r.'WI 4 - 2 , >.;.\".:;J10A ~I •r ,Cp._ 1:.j\"ll .:.w..u..H J~ db..lj<H \"4lW=~1 ~ J~ '.Ht.... (2W + 5 0.'l,b.,ll -'4fiJI ~~1 (K' + M n O;)

-~. ~jL., i\..ol4l ...' \" é9~ w.,,1\"\"\"':;j) \",\li:u.,JI'»W, J! üj1J1 >~j \?~ ' ,;,,(K' + MnO;) Jjh> üJi ü! .(..:JUi..i....U1 (;?'.r' 1 •..-..b~ üu\".;Lo:JIuI<W ,tl,>)~Ij • ..-..b'>U üO;! ;'0 'dl \"\"\",jP5:l~1 ü;ol>t.....lI ~I , i\.J. lOJl \"~--'t..>lJ1 tl.ü, l. ~ H 30 +(aq> Ji H+(aq) ~\.....Q~ ~ ,H A.:!jI.JA _ HP \"'1..0\,0 ~, 0 \"'j'y \" (e\") ~ü-,~~1 ~I...Q\.,I ~ , ~I 4U.JI,.. - 4.!p~1 .:al~:iy \"\"':-1~y , ...s'p-:il .:.a1).J.Jl d..:Ij1,.. - , .bt... JS:.:. ~ (;?'.,11..-..b~ ....Lo:JI~ , ( 1) , ~I co , ....j ==H 2C20 4 2C0 2+2H+ .'.\" ==H 2C20 4JI ' 2C0 2+2H++2e- ==1 H 2 C2 0 4 (aq) 2C0 (g)+2H+(aq)+2e - 1 , ~o~:r \ J.-'=-Üù ù.l! 2 ' ~~pl ~-, ,tG. .J~. I v,--üu ~.:al.all ~ ~ e- Jl..l...l../:...l.>~ 0 1~ ~4>J1i' ô~:r\ dJ.lb..G ~ ~~-' .ô~UQ e- J1J.:U 'i. uI~ , ~ L.o.J...i.J.:.~ I~-,~-! _! ;\"oj \\

==2 MnO~+16H + +I0e- .., ~• (2) ':Ii.\" tl>J~, , \"b~u. ~ 2Mn 2++8H 20{H~)J\fo! ~ùül~!O.9.J.,!~l:»~' ;;~~\A1.l~~~.lW\ ~.~~, >J~~ \"\"' UJ..\".j ~~jü;.l.l~l.l' ~i1 H ' J.;,. H,o\";,,,; ,,,',,Jj : d..tJ1.:i.J1 ~l?-Jf'1 SR :l e 20 .(II/f)+2MnO;(\"'f' + 6H30 ;../ = 10C02r.) + 2Mn ~;, +14H 20 (1) , ;;fo~* ,~L;J,..,.;~, JooVûl' ~ '---_a_A+_b_B_ __cC_+_u_D_ J-l . iI.\"J~' >J~t.....l' 1 2: \"4;\"\"O~ , .J\.J..C.:I\ dJc , h, a : ~j wjl,:;JJ d.AjW\ .l1..l.C.:i,. nA=~= nC =nD abc d (.:.~\" ~..I<;) .~w, ~ ,n èi~) '4k>J' >JG.), jl\"\"':'}'''~ !.i! •I~n = MmI~-.: ......-J' ~. - .._.....r.._.-\" j1.....) .lJ,_>.~.J\"\"~'

n= ~Lm7v,~ ~.lU\ ~ O.ll4.U A: Q?\"....J\ d.llS.J\ O.lU\ ~:~WI c.l,J~ (\"'-!,JJ..-lI ~ J-'!..-lI.r.-lPll

1 ù,>~1 .~ üJl>j ..,.t...~lj ~I':':\":',;JI ':'~.fo.JI .'4 .hll • \"\"'j ..,.t...~lj ~1 \"\"'.J>ll .:.~~ \"'~..!.;>-S' f I887?U:. Arhénus U\"~.;i 4.,.i,.,.b...l. ·f1923 ~I<o l,S) jl-...:..:.:.j.H ....~ • . ..,...jl ....~ • ~ \"-:-Ij~ ~.lLt J== ,H ~ t$~ ~.lLA J!= ~.lJ L.!.~~Ul b.lJL.!. ~ , J:u, ~ \"-:-Ij.l::i LA..J...AJ::.jOH- ~jJ-\"4l1 H+ ~J)~l jl H+ü~j.H \" ' ;S'~I ~.lLA H +ü~j.H..1,4jU O.lLA J!=r.;rJ.t~...~..S V'--lA:; , \;.>I .r-'·-\"---'1 ....t_..._..S v'--lA:; , \;.>1;'·-\"--1j1~jpS:J1 U '> ..1,4jU b.lLt J== J==~jjoS.ll U .> l , ' ''' jS~. O.lLt ..,.Jbi j l .,.Jbl j l • .:.l<I.,4l1J.o'=I ,j ! .,.Jbl jl '.) W.~~I. ~ ~I j l O.lJw, ~ ...,..t-:il .- .;I~~~ IJ~ I • ..lJl~~I?\"\"'t- :ilJ~l .-Ü~ ~IA:; . ',\"ol! ~Ij ü~~IA:; I,S~I ~1 • ü~ ~IA:; • • ,,,o ll ..,.t...~ lj ü~ \"ld\"'I,S~I ..,.t... ~1 •

J.,J\ ..:Ju=.';4J'~J..o 'V\"c. ~I J! ~I , 1Ü;.''''' ;:......, ~I • .~ I 0A~I,l ü;.,,,,, ~V\"C.ill • . (W ~) ,I (H,o ·) ~~'J~U;l\":\"'.i+44~IJjWl • . (OH ,~ ,) ~'J~I .;I\":\"'.i+44 \",..C.ili JjWl • · ~I:.\"\"\" u~ -.Lot>:;. \",,;'II~I, lAl:. u~ -.Lot>:;.,sjOll~ 1 •°,..,.L.......•..,..'.. H .~I:.\"\"\" u~ J-ct>:; . ',,,;'11 V\"c.ill, lAI:. u~ -.Lot>:; \"\"jOli V\"c.ili • ~? {':A J,dA~ ~u, J, .4'1!bh ~ '.Jo> ..I.?-'~ 'i . H u\"::,,..r.J' .. .(H, O· ) 3 ci>~\\4:Y~ ~ .&'yl' .....C.I...,;..> ~ &} ...,,~'.'.r'iI' ,-,,=,.u...I ,)o.:l ~ 1..\"Wl,,..,. Acide / Base•.,sl...,;..>/V\"C.I • 4l~ \"'\"' ~I ~.\"Jl, • '-'\" \"\"~ il,. (C0 2,H20), HSO~(IIII)i CH]COOH(..,,) . NH:(II/f)' H 20 (/) . H3 0(~JHCO ;(rzq) . SO~ (~q) . NH3(~q) • OH - (\"'i)' H2 ° (1). CH3COO (\"'1> ' ~ U\"\"\"'\"\"!il 2.~/V\"'~I ~l.i:I JSJ ClJA'O ',h ~,.PJ';i' iIJ.lWl ~i !l J.,J\ .(CO, .H. 0 )/ HCO;,..,

~w ~ ~ ~!,jSl:il d..!.ll.s..Jl .!I 2 ~L..:J! jt lQ ' n jHa.l.l~\ H ] 0 ;\",,) I H 20 (1) ==H]0 ' H +r\",,)+H 20 H 20 m 1 HO - far) NH; (~q/ NH 3(\"'l) ==H 20 H+(\",,)+H 2 0CHl COOHr../ CH, COO- r..) =NH:(\"'l) H+ (\"'l)+NH3 (\"'l) HSO 4(.,/ S02~r..) CH]COOHr.,r-H ' (\",,)+CHlCOO r\",,) (C0 2.H 20) 1 HCO~(.,) ==HSO;r\"\"J H +(\",,)+S02~(.,J HCO~fIll/J = H ~ (\",,)+C0 2 ;(I11/) 4~rüll==Fe(S)+H 2504(1) Fe50 4(L) +H 2(5) .• 1==CuO(S) +H] 50 4m CUS0 4(LJ+ H 2 ° (l) ..,.==CH4 W++202(1) 2C02(,J + 2H2 0 (L) .~==HCOOH +H 20 (/) HCOOCM/) +H3 0 ;\"'I ) •..•.==NH3(\"'l)+H 20 (l) NH:r\"'l)+OH- (M/)==25 20 2;(\",/) +[2(\",/) • 540 2~(,.,,) +2r (\"'1) cWl~ ~~ V\"'L...:i'j~\~Jc.1..i4I! j~~' ~~\ •.:,/:i.l~\ ,\"-_'ll:J' '1..~::,r.-~' . ~14+~ . V\"'L...I +~ 1 . ;iSI ,I (W)......,~' 2 -fol ,I(W)~ V\"l-~' 3 1 A,a~laJ.l~\~ I : 4U..l...-.J\

-~.-:::> . (yj1b4JI(ù ,;)W, ~ ' ( ..> J iI..!.l La...Jl. H,o , W I, H ' ..... HCOOH yb.,..J1> 3, 2 ~\;.)I ~ , 1\" 1 ..>c...o,-~ .H· ',' \" j4.!....c> 1 :;;k~ ~ Jd.êü AJ.l~ ü ,j! 1 ~..,...~ W .\"·,;'HNH, -..6>.,..J1> 3 , 2 ~\;.)I ~ .(..,) .bt.....)l •] 1 ..,.t..1., ~ J d;':' 6.J\"~ l \"\"'\" W ..... H,o yb.,..JI, .~;.w' ~l~\ 0A ~b I$t ~ \":i , (3) 4l.l ~ 1 . d \"\"'\"1...1\"t..1., ~ c!'t;,:, 6.J~~ 5...u.~) C. = lO-' mollL .:,.fo>i'.CH,COOH,.qJ ........, i?.lJ1J;.ll w'><> J~ ~ (S,) C. =8.1IJ' mollL .:,.fo>i\" NH\" ..)J~I.WJI J~ ~ (S ,) , (S ' ) ()AV, L.e->e-- (S ,) ()AV. =400mL ~u.:. .J~~ (w'><>/..,.t..1)\",=01;\", n ·d' ~~t.....)1 .,...;.s1 . 1 ~ 1 . ( S,), ( S,) \"\"\" \",->6.)1 \",~I c!'(;,:,J16.J~~ ~I • Y ! j>1S.;J1>Jo>..; \"\"' J=.; ~V, ,...,-JI~Lo ~ 2w,,,,~ û! ~3,Q ·r.illJ1 J.9\"\"\" \",L.;...~I; (S, ) ()A ~V'.= 250mL ,;, ..; .,J Lü1 . . ~1 ~LiLI.....J, - 1 , 03..1.> . ••..L...-. ~'(u'. ..,.,.·.. ~~~~J·\"_\",, ~. . ~ ....,j .~I ybrll \",..feJ1:,.fo>j\J1• .;> ~J

==CH ]COOH(\"'I) CH ]COO;\"'I)+ H ;.... ) , NH 4(....I NH ](.... ) ~t..:.:J,* , ;>~I <I1ili...u: J~ ~j :W1~I ~I...> ~ 2,'..1>Yl •.lA> ~\"'\4'\" t.>LYbd..,:JI ( 'fo.:uJil J! ty..)L, -c.v-. :c-.v-b 111 V,: O,5L: 500mL 1 , ~..:;,oJi J,-,> ~ ~ 3~ ü\> ' NH\" ••,,~t.:..\JIJjhAü-\"V,: 500mL ~ W~I >J\>\" ...i J! ~~JL..1i...uj ~uSJ·~~~Uû..o ü~ NH] (....) ~CH3COOH(....) ~rJl.)WL,j ,lAc.:, ~ NH\" ••, J.:l4O.l1ü\> ' (S,) Jy,.....JI ü-\"v,, : 250mL~, J'i .u,;,.... >,-,Uû..o ~

·. ~.=JIJj-,?- (>\" t;:>lb:o!~~II.l.> (\:W-! ,\"\",I ~- ==~...~ CH , COO -(at)+NH ;(aq ) CH, COOH e\"'f)+NH,(.., 0- ~\...û.,I ::i' A.J6J \ n =CV \"b=C\"V /B Omal Omal a.,b..~I >J6J1 C\"V ls- X X X.~ \" \"\" CV -X.\".. \" \",~ ~l4-iJl ~GJI C\"V\"-X C, V; - X,=O X, X,'~: LI_ _ x-',_=_2_.1_0_·'_m_o_I_---'~l~ n =C V - X ,= 10-' xO,400 - 2.10 -3.0 \" \".1lI:' -ri n,-=- 2- .-1-0-'-m- o- l- ''\"~ n\"= 0 mol,Q n' =X ,=2.10-J mol

6w,.~1\"-;l! ~ ,C. =O,10moI/L .j,!Sf' Hel J ~i.4 J~ (>AlOOml ~ ~ ~.\".>-J' ~~' (>AO,4g~~ .~\", .\".JJ', NaOH ~~' J~(>A.~.~ .,i.4200mL ~ . C, ....l..~'J~'j,!Sf'~I ~ 1 1(~/..,.l..I) >\"JLW' .l.J-W ~ ~ . 1~ 2.,u, ~aOH J Hel (>A JS J'h.;! ;')~lu ..,...:;.G=I • .\". .l~ 'j ~u')P ~ J).,c- ~ ~bJ, ~1.A:i.l \ ~.lb..o ~t • ~\"'\"\"!=J~' (>AV,=50mL ~ 1!'w'J~' ~~, . 1~ 3 .. . . . l.. ~,(9)j \ ....A.:.~ 0A ..:J\~1 ~ ~ I..o...u.: ~l.iJ\ J~' Oy ~I..o • y .(BB1) J--'.t'iJ>l'.M(H}=lgl mol , M(O}=16gl mol, M(Na}=23g1mol chJl C, ....l..~' JjW' ...,sf'.,.,...... ~ 1 Cb _ n_ ;;.lUl ~ . 1... 1. \", - -- J~' ~ Ü \- V \" , = 0,4 =O,Olmol 'üo! , M(NaOH} =23+16=40gl mol 'Ü'J 40 C, =5.lO·' moI/L , C, = 0,01 =0,05 ......J 0,200>\"Ju:.lJ ~ \"'?-~ ~ NaOH,.\" .\",94)' ..,.l..~' JI (Hel ),.\" J:... .\",94), ~, ~ ,u,.~tl ~ ' .SSS;\",ü~.,,~ ..,.l..1\",,;W'J\"'~ ~ JJ~l>~ /..,.l..1

~- . Hcl(g''':) + H20~ NaOH(I) ~ Na(~) + OH-(\"'I) 1i'\"'t..~1 J~I.9 (H,o'+cl) ~IJ~1 \"\",J<.l;,;iJl .bLo..o • ~.f (Na' +OH) (H,O·\" \"+cl·,.,)+(Na'\",,+OH·,,,) --~. 2H,o+(Na'\"\" + cl'\",).\"..] . .~>bOA ~Wl J~1 ü jS\" .)W\,o.9 n, = n. ·. ':i~ ( na- \" ,,) d...l..o ~j ~ ~1.ll'J.Jb.1\ü\.S \" \" > nbulb. \~~ ·. \"i,.. ( \" II - nal olLi...o ~j 4-1....1~I.lll J~1 ü lb n\" < nb Ü\&:. ü\.! 1· ~ =10-2mol 1'<lU.AJ n =O, lO xO,lOO 'ü~!, n =C V ,ü.J..lJ A \" \" a\" \" . n,,=2,5 .10·3mol 1'4Û.AJ \"b=O,050xS.lO·2 'ü.l!, \" \"=C,, Vit ,..:.J.I~

7 --4rül\ : a.\"JüJl ~~I..rAll)u! ..\".>t.;...fo> Jd;':; ~ ~I j l üjp:]! ......... ~j\1 ..\".>t.;...fo> J d.iü ~ ~I j l üjp:]!········· 1';>.)1 ...:.Ujp:]!....... .\". \"'\" Jd.iü -'\" .~~I Jd.iü ...:.Ujp:]!......... .\". \"'\" Jd.iü -'\" t 6.)~I Jd.iü...:.Uj;.>:J!......... .\". \"'\" Jd.iü -'\" \"\",1,>)~I.~~I J.oo\.iü chJ\ . .'-?''l._..o_..6o u'--\.iü ~·..·r·\"--1j l UJ.-r<-'I. ..wu- 1';>J\"'1. .~üjy.s:J!.J.A:! ~ ~ ~ \.A:j ~ ';~ :Vl J.c.Uü ~ . ~L:.jy.5J! ..,.,~! ~~J.c.Üü ~tl?-)'::i\ J.cÜü 11- .ÜÜjjoS.l! J.:l~ ~~J.c.Üù~ ~~J~I ';~ ::V1 J.cÜü *.,)-; L..,> lb.J1~j ,lb.J1ü-\" ~I >~Cu l + (gq) = Cu (s)+ 2è- •1==Al3+ (\"'I)+3e- Al(s) •~==2S 2 02~(Qq) 54 0 -;(<>4) . -?==12 (\"'l)+2e- 2r (\"'1) • ..l==A An++ne~ • .AOX +ne- == red •jred +'le-.:::: OX • t.$

chJ\ . ~ I . \"\"\", =2S2 02~(<>q) S 4 0-~(\"q}+2e- , ~~\-, .ib>. . -?- . ~ • ..l . ~ • ..A ~ ., =. red OX + ne : ~ ~\-,. lb.> • ..s 9~~\Cr 2 (<>q; + AI(, )~ Cr (,)+ AI3+ (<>q) +>';\";,p>:J~1 <Ù~t....Jl y:6.l, ~WJI ~ u l:a>I.J.II ~>,.l.6,),o ~u:Ju-,> ~ 2 . ~W~ 4 1 ;\"Q ',1I chJ\.~0. : ~~I 41..llMJ\ d...:!.)1,y ~ l;! ~, (+2) ......:JI ul .,sl Cr\" -'>j.! -,\"\",~I \"\"pl \"\"\" >';\";i,>J4'U1......:JI \"-'jl,.\" I..1,ù'\"\"p'] ~ w....J (3)~ (+2)......:J1l!.,>.,.... \"\" (+3)......:JI ul .,sIAl\" -',>j.! UA;~I.~ .......:Jl ujl~.)\;;.li,>, (+6)~w....J ( 2)~ (+3)......:JI l!.,>J\">jl, (+6) 3Cr 2~+ Al _ 2AI]\" +Cr: .\"..üS:.Hl.liJ'~pl 3C,-2+ ~~ ~ ~\ ~pl ~ ùjl~ ~ ~1).lJ\ ..I~ ~ i\JWI o.a ~ 6...:r.SJ .(3) ~ UA;~I\"\",,61l Cr\"\"........ ûJ ,1Cr UA;~I \"\"p'2AI\" -',>j.! UA;~I ~ <!lJ.:.b \"\"p'(2) ~ A I \"\"J\"> _ , l.il , lAI -'>j.! _~I ~, 3e,2+ (<<q)+2AI f i) - 2Ai3-+- (\"'I)+3C'(I) : iù.lW,\ ,,:,:.b I~-, . ~I . : ~ UA A,jj\jA 4b6..0 ~-'

~~JC:?'.rG ~l.O.:J\ ..I..,I~ 2.!l Al3+ (\"'l/ Al($) 2 1 Cr + (\"'l/ Cr (.) , ~ ~ a~ al\" i l! 41.l1..a.G.J1 Cr 2+ (\"'l)+2e- -----. Cr(s) h, (red 1,>)1 >J>loA Al(.) -----. Al3+ (\"'l) +3e- ,COX) .~I >J>loA , :d..!JüJl ~~I~\";;l.lWlüjlj 10; /1, (~b..j~) 5,0'; /50'; (~b..j~) MnO;/ Mn\" (~b..j~) MnO ;/ MnO, (.....t..l b..j~) H ,C,O';CO,(~b..j~) Zn\" ! Zn -W\ 10; - 12 ,a ~a , o·,\\ ~~\ ~\";;l.l~lëüjl'y \",\",,~I .:op l ~ (2) >.loJI~.,.... (I) <CO;';.. 1...,2IO; --Joo I ] +H2 0\"'1 HP ..,~ lA J'I (0) \"\"')~ >-'\" ..... .,,;,.)1 .:0p l w,~ (0 ) .:Jjl\" •210; --Joo I 2 +H2 0( 1) -,>~ ~ 1;,.) (1) ,:,.,> ~I .:opl ~ »-'\" j (6) \",\",,~I.:opl ~ (0) >-'\" 01 b>~ (H ') ~ H ëü~l ~\"W,I ~ 1;,.) ,(H) ~j,! ~ \",\",,~I.:opl ~j ,( 12H) ~j,! ,:,.,>~I.:op l~ 2I0;+12H+_ I +6H 0 ( 1 2 H +) 22 pü}\"\" ~\J..iI1 J:= .l....u: â b.>).I.,j l~j

-.. ......:. Jo\..;; \"\", (-12) ......:. u1' ~ (210; ) ......:. .Jl(lOe-) ...l..>l -'-'\" .:.,~, . , ~.,~I i) a...l-\"\" ;w.,..:.)1 J...e.; l..A (12H ,)'~ 1\"2-:WC-=-;+- 12-:cH=,+-1-2'-e--_- - I:-,+--6:-:H:-:C,0-:\">~ , ~),l. ...(W) J~l ,\"*\"\"0Aw'J ,( W) J..y (H,o') J~I ~. ( W ) oJ;>jl l.l.o,.,...,.,. b..jll ül h>~S, O'; _ SO'; .s 2 0 2;/ S0 2~ 1rS, O'; _ 2S0'; S üj\~ l;)~j 2' ~ 1S, 0 '; + 2e- _ 2S0'; .)r->~'\, 3 ~\ , MnO ; / Mn 2 ft ..MnO~ -----+- Mn'\" 1 il jb:oJ\MnO ~ -----+- Mn 2++4H , O : 2,')j6oJlMnO ;+ 8H ++Se------+ Mn' ++4H , O (.....L..l b..,i) , MnO;/ MnO, 'MnO ~ -----+ MMD , 1 .)~\ MnO ~ -----+ Mn0 2 +2H , O 2 .) ~\1y1nO~ +4 H +_ Mn02+2H 20 3 ,)~\MnO ~+ 4H + +3e- _ MnO ,+2H 2 0 -t.)~\\"\"\",\" .co).>J1 J\"..,.l.-\" .co).>J1Jo\..;;,> ~ 4H\ Jl 4HO- ~ 5 ' jh.J1 .....L..I b..,.Jl 4HO- \"'l..>>-

, Cr '}O'};/ Cr 3+ .. , ~~I~ I ~ , H , C, O'; CO, . 11~~1cr(W ,.,i+ ,.,i),UI )j1b~ J~.;l2,8g~ Fe .I.,i.J.ooJI0\"~.,,;w C =lO·' moI/L 'P'»' , v =200mL ~Fe~~) / Fe(I J Id &\"\".]A ...w..==.j..e ~u:J1 (JI ~ l,j! ti ).tl,»~ll.~\U \",,;,;,o;h ~~~I.;,r.:;.JOWI ~\> W ,.,/H,(g) , . ë\.\"J~),\ iù.ll14.Jj ~I,. ~W\ .l\~j ~~ ~\, ,~\ JLl.A:i.ll ~ .~..J.jWj1 J-,~ \"-='~ ti 2 .JLULJ\ 4.,t\4j c:; 410.';' Il .l\~\, .ë\.\"J~)'1 ~.lLalI ~I • 1 :!J 3 ~lb.lJ\ ~y:JI ~ J1h;, 1\ j W\ ~ \",,:-,->1 • ~ .~W\<;4J'~~l . -? . M(Fe) =56glmol, M(Cl! = 35,5glmol

-WI J. ; !;\"O ·,h J::4-i\"}SJ)\"~.lLa...J\ ~ !I l =Fe (s' Fe 2+(aq)+2e - , ;;~l Jt:.LiU- =2W ,,,,+2e- , ~b 'i\ ;;~:il aJ..l1.u H , ( g) ,t6.)! J<cliU ·~..lL-J l ~ = lFee.) + 2H +( lUI ) Fe 2 g) + ( IU/ ) + H r~lJ,.J.>. ~~ !l 2 Fe(g) 2H'(..J Fe2+ H (g) (0') , m n ' n2 =C2V2 =l a\" xO 2 =M- J Omo! Omo! = 2,8 =O,OSmof n, =2.10-2mo! 56~jl l 4IJ6J1 n -2X XX n -X 2 X, X, l n2 -X,~lf.\"Jl ~bJ\ aXf=In·. .......j \" I- Xf= ·~ ûJ Fe \"\"-,l,J1r.-, ~I U'--liUll·U1 ~j.A-.J.2W ,.., ,,..L,...,>JI ~.,41l '4l~1 >.16.JI';' ..,.,~X, = O,OSmo! =S .10·'mo! \" , - X, = 2.10-2 -S .10·' mo! , ...,....\" , - X, = -3.1O·'mo! ....,.J~ .l-U: ~ ü1 ~ 'i ,j! , ~~ ~~.JA ~ ,...,.JI.... ..l-U: I~J .r'..,..,.>.:ob\> ...... FeJA...;..J1J<cliUll.;,L ~~'o?' ''''''-\",\"I> .;,.!~;! ...l.:>~ ~ ,~ o..Jl ,)~ ~ \..:...o.Q~\" 2H+(,.,,) .l~' ~ ~l Jt:.\..A.j,llülü~\ ~~ n2 - X,= O ' F~,..!.Jl:i=\",X( = 2.10\" mol

Pe(g) Fe 2+ (aq) n, - X,2.10.1 - 5.10·~ Omol -=3.1()\"l mol ,J<o= ,.J.;JI >;1jolJI ~ L.; ' >h .:.JI~ ~ ~~ >.,;Jl.>~1 >J>l...JI .~l:>)li' ,;...w.==~, Àba..- ~)o J!( cI-) .;~)~, ~ 0 1O,j! ~.., 2H ' \.y..ù ....1il >.,;Jl;~1 6..io..:.JI ~ ~ ~ ''''')<>JI,)! (2cl ' ) ....W,l ~ kW , .,..A.; -..,Loj ,~';I \"'\")<>JI j.Lb..i....J1 )1..:i.J1~ -,-II........> . --,\" H2 =X( =2.10-2mol , ~ J,!I......I' r...ûI.:JIJj...l.?- û-\" j 2;4 1\"H,=, .,..A.; Oi !jl.C:,.. (H,) 0 1L.;jV = 2.10.2 x22,4 , ~~pj V = \" H2 x22,4, ~ 4.Û.Aj m 'ù..l! , n= M , ~l ~.JJj

M(Fe>' + 2CI) =56 + 2 x 35,5 =127g1mol ' 0'J1 m =2,54g l ,m =2.10\" x 127 , ~\"\"\"'j Il u,rü!1-~. \" \"\"~~I \"'l;.\"fo\",,UJ~ ' C, '~~ ' (l ,) ~j,!lI ....u;JJhA.\",,~ JI ..i .(Na2S103, 5H 20) ~, 6.:11;*0-4 ~ ~ 1$.:u, (2Na;\"'I' +5 2 0;(\",,):?-- ~ t,.:rl> I~UI ~ ~Ü! ~\jJ'rj.l.l~I~~fo ~1)jl,I ~...,.......,.I ~ 1 . C, =5.1O·'moI/L'~~j 100mL \"4?'> ,~\",,~~I \",w-fo\"\"uJ- .~ 'J (l, ) JJhA Ù\" V, = 20mL 1\"\"\"'\" C:\">\"\" .\"\"ts.J1 u.,..; ~ ~ 'J.~\"\"~~I \"'l;.\"fo\",,U JJhAF ~6...J1,Q t.;.> ~ 1.= 'p~1 ~ J.=.,; W I li»:Il; ,~I ~ .. . ~6...JIÙ\"V, = 1 5,6mL b~),' aJ.lb..o ~\" ,tl?-';)\" j Ô~)U ~j,:Q , a ',I\ ~.lW.1 ~1 • . ~~)~ .(1, ) ~j,!lI ....u;JJhA C, ~;JI .,....,.I . ,M(H)= lg /mol , M(s):32g / mol , M(Na) =23g/mol M(O) =14g/ mol . 12 (..,l r (a'lJ, S202; (...,)/ Sof02~ (...,) 'e:>r/~j..o u~Lü.J o.h.Jl 1,. •.l~I...:'. ~.r-=-\",I.:I.....I' jL ~ ...,,,11.......> !!I m Wo;lj n=C.V .~WI ~ ul ,-LU n= Mm , m=M.C. V , ~ (n)j (n)o;;.,jt......llC:\">j;M=C. VV=100mL=O,lL, C=C,= 5.lO\" moIlL, u..JJM =(23 x2) + (32 x2) + (16 x3) + 5(1 x 2 + 16)

M=284g/ mol m = 284 x 5.10-2xO,1 : ~ A.i.A, .:.r..;lja , o i1\ ~.JW' Ï\,tW= . .!I 2 =I ,(g)+2e- 2r ,,,, ,t\;-)! Jd\" =2S202~ (..) S402~(..)+2e-, ~~l ~Üü , ~~)';Ilo~!iI~~~.J~I ~~=12(~q)+2S2 0 2~(..,,) 2r (\"q)+S40 2~(aq) n, Omol Omol n, - 2X, 2X, 2X, {1,1O~I \"\"';'\" Jp...l C, ,)~I ;#o;JI ..,>l-> ' ..,> n, - X, =n, - 2X!, ül'.;,;Jjbll,;,;;;'~ J.=-\"'It.;...;.. J.cüW ...I.)J:. J-\" I..A ,~! o~I \"\"';'\" Jj6.A w.,.lj ! ,~iX(=\"! 11 ... ,ü.J! \"l-Xf =On, - 2X, =0 ül .)J:. J-\" I..A~! ~j,'o~1 ülO.,foj,'I>Jj6.A ü l t.sn, =2n, ~'ül 2 j 1 Ü\" 1L-_n-\",-=2_X-,-,---,1 2H' c = C2V2 , 2V,l,C, =1,95.1O·'mol/L C _ 5.10-' xO,0156 ,- 2xO,02

40\>.,1\ .....I~I ,::.l,6.;l1 ~ .;.>P:; <) (~I) u~ySll ~ .»..1; J,;-;Jlj ~Ij u-\",..>Jlj \"\"w.,,:;j.,J1 <) .»..1; j&! \"\"'\,Ullj ~ ~)~l ;'~1 ~j:J I)J>~ ~ ~~1~4>:i19 ~~l:9 ü!. 0,3% ~~1 ~\j41' ~ ~ ~ 01 ~ ô~-~ ;J.I>jO J>..J:j~...:ü! ~ I,)-4j ~b4-ïJ\3 ,:lI.,jl~l O!...!~ ~ ~~1 {) .~.,...:wl ~~1 ,Q :'4~1 ,~I ~'4> 2~ Ô..1!J?\"yù~..,sJl~ r.$~.jJl ~.,...:wl..l1~lùl ~ùl,!;:, . ;J.I>jO.J>4ol.ll \"\";y...p:J1 ul ~ \"\",\"I~lj \",ü\,Ul1 ..,~ <) b4! !l \",\"\"\",.Jj ,,,,.... <) \;)~I ~ J~I tlb:i..l 1882-1800~J.-.:è ùA ,,-=,~1 Ô..lWI \"-':,\..:u.:, t~1 cül ~ À:f,...:-Jl Ô..lUI ùA-,. .iI.,.û~ .l~j: ~j-! 4cu....:,j è..,.l~1 ~~I ..:J\j~! ..:.Jl~ ~)\J.l! 1~ o,)Ajl- OOR (Berthlot) (1907-1827jl:l\",,) ..1; ~ ~I \",,>I~,3' .(KEKULE) 4~j25 :'4~I ~I~~I ~1 3 1..,~1 \"...... .J.-,. h..)l, ·u.;.c. -,4 (>A \"'-,\",j ,)~I ..,.~I <) (j,sjWl) p:...J1(>A )(,li ~ .p:...J1<) C u~ySll ~ >j>j ~ >J~> , >~~I uj1Jl)j4lO

. ~. . I ~\" ......,. w..-.l w.....JI---1I1jl'~· ~ 'I ......,. ....r. --\"Il:.)'r. ~-\".,1• .. ...... N. O, H : y.Dli.~.h .lp'30-0...b~ 01 ~~~t \"'\"=\"')~''*..\".J'J ' (H) \"\",\"j)~IJ (C) üj,'.,,>:JI .,s~ ~ <ûUb. ......\",.,s~ .,~I >I~I rJl.o .sP.IY\"\"\.;.c ~. (H) J (Cl J! ....w.~t,. .,s~ .,~ ..:.~ ......... (I) .(Br) . Cl. N. (0) :C w~p.l\ d) ~ ~ - 4 , c, ~ \"\";JfiJ~1 ~.!j.Jl!' J=' • • 6 C : K2 L4 • C• . J\" C~ ,-\",\",y J.4:> • HH , ~Iœ' 11 CH. ü 1l,.11«,S),> H- C=C- H H ·( Clif> J'= 1 ù~.ll.>l ù~~ uti:b,l1.J JS.:u H-C- H.(=) <W~ t:.l \"-_.ü>1S:;;,h,.1')u. \". ....W.Vf'I\". 1 H ,ib )if> .(- ) ,,>1>1~IS:; h,lj) 4 ~H -C~C - H ( H J.:\"\"\":\"- . .5 -..>.._.>1>1\"-_.ü>1S:;;,h,.1)j ( ~)..._.,~ \"-._ü>1S:; ;,h.,1) l>\">\"<\"\"'\"\"-\". :~~I ü~rJl ,.cl~\ - 5 ~ ..,. ....,.)1 ,,1b4>(H)\"\",\"j)~lj(C) ~1 .,s~~.,s~C.H, \"'WI~.

\"'j(~\..4li\~4S=~\) éI.>~\J...~\~\~ ~j)...I.t&I\?,~\ .!I l , t,~1 \"''''' ~ ~~ ,>.:i>W , è.>~ l4l \"\",~pl ab!..J1. d.!!~ , ,,,\~1 ... CnH2n + 2 ' ~ (cr) l..o.,.. \,,>Ij) ~ ..,~bl \" \"'j) JS ù~yS:.J\ ~\J~.l...IJ::. ~ ~ 4:4,It.... -! 1~ 19...a....l ,'1.;..:. ~,Cl ~!, C2 Ü~~I 1 - ~j.H : C3 Les A1canes ~3:1 ' C4 ~ : Cs ~ , C, (ane) ci a:4>>4 ~ ,>.ll..o l ü cu,. ,C,If\" . ü~j.H ,C, HB Ü~ , CH41--,a'j : ù~ :C6H14 ü ~I, C2H6 + d ,:j3:l,C H 4 lO CnH2n .:w... üt..J~1 2 - Les Alcénes 1.:.3 (n) tyJl (.lA ........ \",?~Ij ,(cr) tyJl (.lA..,,,. ' &''.\"A~' ,....&,f. '~' Ü. IS:J~ I dJu. t.... ~'. lI...u• - , ~1 (ène) 0! ~ a:4>>4~ . CH, - CH ~ CH - CH, 0) - 2- ~j,I 28

, (cr)~I~;~19 [~J :C,H,, . ,, ~ ü:>-l~1 3 .~ -'\" ~>-' ~ 1.).) , (7t) ~I ~ ü \"'''9 u lS.l:i' èI..:Â.,Il....~ I~ - : ~I iincl~ .\",.. ll>::;\" ~ . CH, -C =C-CH, CH=CH ,ill,,1r-,-,~;;..l.>Ij H ~j)-.l~4I 5J~...:!~ ~wlS.l~' LJ.A 19~.\",.. ~ili 19.hJ1: 0 91 I-C, H,._, . ,.\",.. ...WI ~üjS:>o.!iJJ.,>9 ,.).0 w;\", J\"~' ülSJ~I ,...J ~ ~ ,......J .J\"jllülSJ~1 (\"\",t..) ~ 1-4./ - .(yle) J; ll>:>UI,> ....., ~ - -C,H, ,-CH J-AoJ ,~lJ....~\~I..l ~l.)~\1~' .!l 2 >Al.i.A <ûù.>- ~ If! .....-,,;<JI;u..w,DDR H H,!f ~/H C_C H ' j-A,.• H/ \",/ H H .c....~- H H;\ /C---- /, -Cf-H25 \" HH H CJi\" .\".>bl'ü~1 .~~;SJ,~' ) .b.>\"J (>Al.i.A -.J

C•Hy0. .....W,,~·,. · -.(0) ~~I j (H ) ~j)..\,!fll j (C) \",~~I >\"\"~ ~ <.?~ \" \" . 4J~ ..Al\lOj''''' ~ <.?~ .lf'I,,1CnH 2n+1 - OH (!,.aW\ ~ ,~'i,ps:Jl - 1R-OH jl HR_C/ ....WI ~ .':'I.l,;4,>.ll~1 - 2 ~C R' R_C/ ....WI ~ .:.ü~l - 3,0 ~O O-H R_C~/ O ....WI ~ \" !I! \",\"'~?' '''''l.>~'- 4j:1-~ ,8' CIfH.,N :4A\...h~ , .:,~ ~ I , lf':.I~1 C\"H2\"+3N :40W\ ~..­ : ~u...:,I . R-NH, ,.).i~I\"\",,~1 R- NH - R' ,<.?\"WI \"\",,~I R\" l ,·, IWI '- _.~I R-N-R' <r ~--

rJo> ~ '\"'\"' \",~fiJl JS:.4l1 J\"W II\" I\".)lb.,! ....Jl~jbll .,.~I~ ~4;.:I 0 1 ~ ,Jjbll ~j~ ëlcl.,;'j \", . ~ L,!-A Ü~ ,~ ~1~o o),j ~~j ü!, le ü~fo O),j ~,.. ~I~ ~)b \" ~ t:~! -,1 ,~ ...,sj,.J1,;l ~~ ,;l u;..:. If'l' N j l'4Ja:ajS:......J l u').l.Il.l~~) ~j.?Jl ~I ~ ~~u~~u4G=:>Lu..Jl\".• ....w..\"...'.,.....'Wu. j .(....w.. •) j\".U.A t,\"'\" ,.·..,) ....w..a...:u_J·\"-\"\"'I.'.\"..'.·.'... U\" <-'(.:.t:u-· -~II . <_W__~ I j <W__U~' .U\",'\",I -~-'I :o;JWI tl\"\";l ~~1 ~ tl~l ;;~ ...l.:>~ (Isomérie de position) :~~1 ~I.-:Jl ~ 1 .....w.. ) j.:..,.)1\"\"_\"\"\"j u\" <-' ) j.:..,.)1<.>\"\"\">'j...._..._,l.'Ir>l...l..J1<.>\"\"\"''.·.. '..:.~~I• L..> ü~~ ü4f'=L...o <l Clf\" yb..;...ll .J~\" C1HJ CH ] 1CHl -CH 2 -CHl - CH - CHj CHl - CHl - CH - CH l - CHj2u. \,;.U. ~1. '\" - -'.·.'. >.........,l.·r' I ;,.,w.;.)I:.\". ~ U· <I ,-4l..o.l1 ~_ 1 <.>\"\"'\"\".'.. ':. '~~I

CH, , ~ ü4bk ü~t...A d.J C4HlO ~;ll ,Jw ~ 1 ~ - ~-~-~ ~-Œ-~ ü b~ 1Üy,~ ~ · 2 '~J-l' -.,.bL.lJ1~ 3Ji ,.0 CH, /CH -CH -C CH - C~, ' 'b o . ,••.,,\".,\".'\"---...... oJ 'u-'# ' ~L.lJ' ~ 41--: 'J~I u.c. s:.~1 ~~ I.S.P-~\j~\ ~ s:.~1...:!~ l4.4Il..l>! ,~.J-41lUSJ~..U4JI ~\ ~ ~ , <tl,\"?\"-~I ~\ l4l ~~jA ~ ~~1 ~4==L-.Jl1 ...,a' ____________________________~,~~'~~~I~·~~~.~J>~~J~,,=;·~~~~~~~.==~~=dl ·' .: ... .!,, ·S:il ê!-=-·,; ....--'.l.~l tyoAJl j i C\"Hy ~jJ-.44l' ~~ d..AWl ~I ..l4-=! . C,H,O, Ü. 1t\"\"À\"._!J· b.!1A1bJI ~. ~. J\"\"l' lÜ· l&:.G'I_ ,M=29d, ,,' .,\"\"\".J.>.ll '4lj\1~I 1 2x=..L= 1 6z= ~

CH, -CH, -CH, ' CFf, (1) CH, -CH - CH, - CH, (2) CH3 CH3 CH, =CH - CH, - CH,CH,-tH- tH - CH, (4) (3) CH, CH = C - CH, 1 (6)CH,-CH - CH = CH - CH,-CH, (5) (7) ù \SJ1-*, ~.J\.:..1 ~''!I) Jf=. '\" J.,J\ .ùu~ ~ : C..:JI;.-l 4 do.! '\" ..r,..: , 4jl~jbJ\ d..,I1ZJ1. CH,, , .leH -2tH_3CH -4CH

ü\S.Ji ~ ~..:ab\ c.b,Ilj) J.S * (C) ')).J ..J..>.t ~ 4l-o-i~j A.U.9-:'fo dl.....L.u Jjbi )~ 4'i.!q ·i l * Jv ''\"'\" ~ i\"\"'~' ü~ ~j .~\";il' .......;tjll\, ,'4,>Yy'#,a,lOSll. louy'~-21a...ï.\" ·ü~; ~ a,~bl '\"\"-'j) js. ,(3) .,6>rJ' TH, TH, .~lAJ~I~i )-,~I.b.b~ ~~ , ~1 * , ,4CH -3CH- 2CH -! CH- 1 21Ü Uy. .~ '-\"\"\" 3. ,(4) -,6orJl .ÙWi ~~_pj.A~IJ~-?~*y.-\"',~ (=) \"\"'-j~,;..J'''''')I..,1<o \?~\",\"' C.).il c,\"\"'w..... >J...bJ'''';jl ,~\":è-j: ü! - 1 - \"-'JI 1 ~- ,(5) -,6orJ'1,a' _(.lUi ~ A:>-,.lj-o ~IJ ~ t$~\"' y.-\"',(=) \"\"'-j~,;..J1 <Ib..') ' ..,1<o \?~\",\"' C;).il..,b.;j '..... <.W..J,\"';\", ,~\" CH, ;CH3 -~tH-:CH=~CH-%CH2-~CH3 ,\"\",- j~.>l' ....';1'..,1<0 \?~\",\"' C\",).il 3,..;) ü4b.\" .}\"-Jlj,,># ,~pliü lb>~ ,..,.pli t.;').:.,.!'-! <Ih.,ü;l' C.).il 2 ,..;) \"\"\"'\" \?#',..,.pl' ~ .\"\"-'''''''' ~; j-4< ,.il ~Y>' ~j\?#',..,.pl'~j'~\")~'\"\"\",~ ~~'ü~ '.il.l4J 5 \"';)~.}\"-J' .}\"-J' ,..,.;J' yb.:.,. ü!-3 - ...&> ,~-2 ,~\"

.~I -\", ,,,,)l''bh~\é~' (6)...sr-\" JCH;;: 2C- 3CHJ : ~\ .-.#'''- ,<4,>~~jbll.,.~I. l '\" - 1- \"'ûI 1 ,(-)...sr--!' ·ül..J\ ~ il?-j.:Jj.4 ~\) ulc !..?~ ../'v9', ,<4,>~~jbll .,.~I. I ,;,! - -2,\"\"-,, l,~I. 2 ci>~1~4 lf1i. 1\" , ~t.J1 .:.L,Syil .;:,~.:,..J •)~I ......., ~I ~ .<4,>~~jbl.,;,.;.yjJP \",,)1; - 5. 3 , 1 \"\"W -.,;,1:.~ J.l.o 2.2 .,;,1:.~ J.l.o - 2 ü! . 2-~ .,;,1:.~ J.l.o \",,)1; - 3 ,2 , .l>.l\,Jj ':II' -...f::..r1l,) ) ~ I -..:U ~I ty~11$1 C ~l).l 4 ~ ü\S.ll ~ 0\:j~ : ~j 1'\"'::110A ~ y>TWA ~I I~Jj~1 ,.:,..JI 1.,:..; 1\" 'C-'C-'C-'C ) t...,JI ,)A .II ~I.r ~.r' 1\" C-C-C-C'A,.,;JI C ,;,Ib,ü.,. - CH, J.,:.l1,)A ,;,I)~ \él ,J.,4A ,\"\"W 2 ,2 ' ~j <,,-~I,)A - CH '\ 'Dol! 2,~) ·C_ 3 C_ 2 C_'C tH,~' ~J=.' ,.:.s...j ,b,'j) 4J.S:l ,o.> , ~ ~I H ';:'1,> C'»J'JJ.S:ll\" CH, 1 \")~I\"\"\"\"CH -CH -C- CH J 21 3 CH,

CI CI CIj-: CH,- CH= CH - CH,- CH, ,~.~t,...1-y /~/\" >\",3' CH, \"\", ~r- 289 , \"CH - CH - CH - CH -~CH3 CH3 CH, - JH, - CH, 1 CH, 3~~\ ,.)1ll1'<?»JI ..,l=1.A yS\"l0;>jo-441' ~u:. ,...\" o! ~ 1 CH, -CH,-CH , o! - 1 -\",,, (1) 'o~!~A,<?j;>J ül-1-\"\"'jj:l (..,.,) .'\" -2-\"''' (-,»

·\"\",;.JI ~,-\".,,-lU; - 2 .1 ~ \"I- I - .\",-\" JI M ~?;;\"\" ~ ,,,:.!~ M ~?l' • \" \"'-\" ~l-\" - 2 (.,,) .\"\",-\" (1) cW\~lio:Jl -,=> ,,~I .)=,> ,,!..J'il J! (a;.;.l4II ....... \".)JI) .:&-l;.>,,41I.,,-lu; ,,\",,':'1 ,.)t:>.J1.,..b;-.JI ,u=! (,,1 -1-.\",-,,) ~;lIJ! (\"\",-\" ~,-\" - 2) li(\"\",;.JI);;\"\" ~ ~ - ''''',..J''~,-\".,,-lu; - 2,1 : ~ t,.,~ A,j~'w! · 1- -.,..I1H~rl'J! B'1 ?\".r.l'~Li:I~ ~ LAi .HHH HHH111 111H - C=C - C- H+B - B ->H-C - C-C - Hl ,r 1 1 1H Br Br H

4 u,.r'\"\ -o'ü.l,Jl ~IJ..>I aJ..ll:....o ~i !I 1 .\"\"\",tbillQ!b.,.:J1 ~ ü~l.r 2 00g,jlp~ ~j)U1 ,'J&l' \"\"'\" ~ lo ~ 2 .% 20~~~.9W6.! ,?,,,, \"..,.....J~1~\~~)'\~. M(H)~lg.mol-' ; M(C)~12g .mol-' . Vm = 22,4L.mo/-1 ~ljWJ \"\"\",lhlll Q!b..,..:.JI~ .j~I~1- -1>J\~ , ....:~I 0,.; ' ,\"->' \"-'.l~ !J. ; ~w jU: ~l..l A j (<L4Wl b~)'I)02 ~ Jd~:Jl ~ '4~ ;).lLo I$i Cglj..> l u! .(HP) ,UI )G..j (CO, \",,\",\", j~) ü5!PI ~I omol 6xm 200 200n ==:::: = - - = 278mol, MIC,Hu ) (5 x 12)+ (12 x 1) 72 ' x = n1 = 2,78mol ü.J! ,n • x = 0 oSJ 1 \", = 8x ~ 8(2,78) =22,22 'ü>! .\", - 8x =0 U;JJ w.,1 \", = 22,2 mol.u.j

=V-V=22,2x22,4 , 1V-n,V. I,ü>! n2 V ~Ü.lj~~02d t...., • V = Vo x l00 .\ V - -V--.\".1\"ô0:x:0-2:,-0-- 1 20 001,. Ü~ 0, - ..V ,' = 5 x 4988,8 , ~~~V =2489 9L=2 49m3 .lt! ' ,0-' 82,76% ,.. -.3 .)AIl ,,~I ~;JI ,..,j\>ll 6.J\..J1 ~ ~')_ ~ 'ü\",p:!1 .-.3;u.,.l1........;..JI~1 l=1 J l .d=2 ~I~ ~l,a AI \"-=';b..,J\ \"-.!l.lS:.J1 ~ . If.l! .\"......\"...,~ 6.J.J~.;s1 J 2 .~L...llI ~~...l:..j,I,i..!Q,,,,je--~I;;;~I~~bl:.l .J 3 J.,JI \" ft -12=x -y = -M- C% H% 100% C%+H%=100% H% =100% - C% =100%-82,76 ,H % ''' ~ H% =17,24% 1 ., ,,,> ;1. ,yS;-o-III.lfl M ........;..JI...,~I =M =29x d ,M =58glmol ,~ t...;)a;...JI ;I,l.o...Jlil\"\"'j>OJ~ Y ,,,~ . 12x • y 58 , 82,76% = 17,24% 100% 'ü>!

12< 58 x= 4 , --~- 82,76 100 y~ 1 0 , _ _Y_~ 58 17,24 1~0:0:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _----,- ~;u.,.ll ~I\"\"~~..\" C. H lO ..... .,;e-j)-';4l1 >\";\"'.;;.JI0''~:::1 yS.,...J\O ü>!2n+2=10 w..l;>~ , n~4 ~j~J.l..y C\"H,\" ., J5:.'JI C>\"~~ 'ü~ ~ CH, CH, - CH, - CH, - CH, 1 CH,-CH - CH, û4j.H ,~. 2j : 6~1-- . ., ~ ,o Hù-\" ~G..I\ ~\J4-aJ\ ~,8' - C- O - , - OH , ..... ..:.~~I ~6.Jw.JI>'O~I. , - C- O - H , - COOH , ..... ~\".\"s:J1 ~I ~ 6.Jw.J1 >.o~ 1 • ..,. - H , - NH 2 , ~ ~\..4A:t\ 1) dJl.a4J\ ~~, .~ _C)1 , ~ ~~..lJ:t\ Il ~~,dJl.a4J' • .l ~O - - H ..:.w~I 6.Jw.J1>.0~I C~/ O- 1-'u'> il .... - - COOH ..1J\ - OH

, 4l~I l4iûIb, o.i> , 4;JllJl~4brll IUPAC ~ ~' ,....1' bd ~H H -H 1/ // CH - C H - C~ CH - C~ H-C~ . 1 3 3 000 CfI, H H • CH, -C1-OH 1 1 H CH, -C1-OH H-C-OH H 1 H CH, fH, 1 CH, -C1-OH CH, - CH-CH, -OH CH, /CH, ,CH - C H - C~ 3 1 CH 0 /CH,-CH,CH -C H - C H - C~O 3 2 2 CH, OH CH-é 1 3 ~O CHS-CH -COOH CH, CH, -CH, -NH, CH, -NH, • 1 CH, _CH _NH, CH, CH, _CH, -NH -CH 1 CH, -CH CH, _CH, _N-CH, 1 CH, - CH -CH, -N-CH,

..hJ\I-CHO- I j 1~ H H.C> ,/ / CH, H C H - C~ H-C 1/ o ~o ,CH -CH-C Jl>~! ~ o Jl>Yj~~ ' 2 1 I -OH- I ,>J~I\"\"~U~ ,2.:.~.,l1-C-OH j l1 H · (4~ \"\"\"j)':'H~~'-.'\" cr3 1 1 CH -C-OH CH -C-OH H-C-OH ,1 ,1 1-' H HHj-: Jj. 2·üYj~ ~ Jj' ] 'Ü~! Jj']'ü\4>l- (\?~~J~) (.)j i J~) (.)ji J~), ,,a' CH 'CH 3 21 3 l ,1 ' ' CH, -C1-OHCH - CH-CH -OH CH,Jj · l · üuj~~ · 2 Jj·2 ·ÜYj~~ · 2I-co-'(;r~ 1 (.;J~J~) ,>J~I \"\":-r-<--'u. ·~.. .,3.=.:·.=1-..'6\"C0 C'1 ,4 3 2 /CH3CH - CH-C ~,3 1 CH 0üj·2 ·ü\"9o'~· 3

,' , CH, -CH, 6 s4 / CH 3 -CH -CH- C~O 22 CH, /OH CH, CH -C 1 / 3 ~OCHS-CH -COOH H-C ~O \"\"~~y J+'..o- 2 u'=- ..!L_j-''I.l._i'. <.J.\"4> ..!l.._Ij-'I.l.._.o <..J\"4>..,1<0 .....j -N - j l -NH - j l -NH , ,\"'\c~~ ~ oS \"'l,6o..,ll~~~I ~~ ~~~, o~, <?I> C\"--'Ij \",~I> C\"--'I '.)jl C\"--'I \"\"':;;JI CH, CH, _CH, _NH, .( ........ ~I ........~I), ,1 CH, _NH,CH, -CH _NH,C\"--'Iü~! J+'..o - 1 ~lùli:!! a:-01vl4-o( \" hl C\"--'I) (.)j lC\"--'I ) (.)jl C\"--'I) CH, CH, -CH, -NH -CH, 1 C\"--'Iü~! J+'..o- N CH, -CH, -N-CH, (\",~I> C\"--'I) C. \"--'Iü· \:.., I .... . 'w -N N •• ..,.... '\" . (<?I> C\"--'I ) L..•,oH...,..·.·.·. · N , CH, -CH.~·•--•1) ~-•--•Iü· \" ·\" I. N -Nl -CH ' ...,.,...,., , ,(...'..-11> CH _ CH _ CH

,~Wl-:JI4=~ ! ..l> 1 1.S~ lt;.i.A Ô...I.>I,9 J== ,)l..,ü.>1 ~wl ;u\",.) .(A), CH, -CH , -CO-CH , • (C), CH, -CHaH -C, H , (B), CH, -CH , -CHa (0), CH, -COH -CH , tH, ....,,5=.Jo\" JS ~ ~ 1 rU \';'!j , ( +) ;;)W,l l.a.Qj ~WJI ~ \';'1 ,~')~! ..........,,1.:1:1, o~ ~ i,?~ !l 2-- .(4) .J! (1).r 4ir ,\"\"\",ü~I. (-) .Jw,! u.....j ~Lü \"'...\" 43 2 1 .,..,., ~I \"\" ,.Q - + - + (Cr2oi- )~Lojfo~bJjbw -- ++ DNPH J*,\", -- - + ~J*,\",1-: .-.,.j~iJ==-S~~~1-~ chJ \ .a' .......=. .....J1 .-....: ~ .( ..,,~ ~j) - (ü~ü~)üj 2- üü~ , (A) ...,,5=.r-J1 .( .,,~.>JI ~j)Jü\,>j.H ' (B)...,,5=.r-J1 .(,s~I:.Jy6» Jj - 2 -üü~, (Cl...,,5=.r-J1 .(<?I:.Jy6» -Jj -2- ü\,>j.HJ.4.0 -2 ,( D ) ...,,5=.r-J1 ,..,....,..,.Lâl -'\ ~..... !l ,s.ill \" -jll ~ _.>J~I ü~ , I~L.J ((B) ...,,5=.r-JI) _.>J ~I \"\",,s~ ,1 \",*, ~I .~ J*,\", j DNPH ,,;:,lAjfo \",,1:. .r JS C:\" ~ \"\"\" . DNPH C:\" J.o.:A> ~\"\"\" ü~1 ü~ ((A) ...,,5=.r-JI) ü~I\"\",,s~ ,2 \",*, ~I C:\" J.o.:A>~\"\"\" <?WIJ~lü~ ((Cl ...,,5=~I) ,s~WIJ~I\"\",,s~ ,3 \",*, ~I . ~lA,fo~b ~I C:\"~\"\"\" ~ <?WIJ~lü~ ((D) ...\"5=~I)<?WIJ~I ,,\",,s~ .4\",*,~1 . ~ J*,\", j l ,DNPH ,'-\"lAjfo \"\"I:.'.r297.