دروس مادة اللغة الانجليزية للفصل الاول سنة ثانية ثانوي

1. Prefixes are often used to give adjectives, and verbs negative meaning.un; is added to adjectives or verbs to give their opposite.eg; adj- comfortable “uncomfortable” verb- to load to unload.

4. Complete the following tables. Adjectives with negative meaning Table 1. 1…………….. Adjectives with 2. unimportant positive meaning 3.unfortunate 4…………….. 1. just 5…………….. 2…………….. 6- undeveloped 3…………….. 4. acceptable 5. constitutional 6……………...Table 2. Verbs with negative meanings Verbs with positive meanings 1………….. 2. to unlock 1. to load 3. to unveil 2……………. 4………….. 3……………. 5. to undo 4. to zip 6………….. 5……………. 6. to tie

Pronunciation In questions have is usually reduced to [h ə v] In short answers, have is not reduced. eg. Have you ever been abroad? [h ə v y ə] -Yes I have. -No, I haven’t.

Now, practice the following questions.Give personal answers. a) Have you ever tried Chinese food? ……………………………………… b) Have you ever heard of Greenpeace? ……………………………………… c) Have you had joined an environmental group? ……………………………………… d) Have you met a multiculturalist yet? ………………………………………

Intonation *A falling intonation is used with “wh” questions. eg. What time does the bank open? *A rising intonation is used with indirect questions. eg; Can you tell me what time the banks open?

Now, put the intonation sign on the following questions as in the examples and practice them. a) -Where is the dictionary? -Do you know where the dictionary is? b) -When is the next meeting? -Do you know when the next meeting is?

Comma pausing. *When there is a comma in a question we pause briefly and we understand that two persons are speaking to each other. *When there is no comma, we don’t pause and we understand that two persons are speaking about a third person..

eg. 1. Can you understand, Mr. Jones?2. Can youunderstand Mr Jones?

II. Mastery of LanguageHow to make polite requests.*Can + you + stem eg. Can you help me?Could CouldWillWould Would Will*Would you mind + gerundeg. Would you mind helping me?*I wonder if you + past eg. I wonder if you could help me.

Note: * We use less formal requests with friends or people we know well.* We use more formal requests in other situations

1. Match the following requests with the appropriate responses and thanking in table.Table 1. Requests Responses Thanking1. Could you plant a) sure, I’ll a′ ) Thank this in the garden? turn it off. you, Madam2. Would you mind b) Sure. Pass bringing me some them to me. b′) Thank water? you, I’ll c) Try this have it.3. Can you turn the syrup. It’s tap off? helpful. c′) Thank you, here they are.4. Will you please d) Of course, show me your I’ll do it d′) I really driving licence? appreciate immediately. it. You’ll5. Can you put those leave earlier empty bottles in the e) Of course, on Friday. recycling bin? madam. With ice? e′) Yes, please.6. I wonder if you Thank you. could stay overtime f) Sure. Here on Tuesday. We it is! f′) Thanks so have to finish the much, and don’t project! g) That’s ok, I forget to guess. water it. g′) Thank you, Sir.7. Could you suggest something for the cough?Write the correct answers in this table.

Table 2. Responses Thanking 2. Of course, I’ll do Requests immediately. f′) Thanks so much and don’t forget to eg. 1. Could you …………… water it. plant this in the garden? …………… 2……………….3………………. …………… ……………4………………. …………… ……………

(continued) Responses Thanking …………… …………… Requests 5……………….6………………. …………… ……………7………………. …………… ……………8………………. …………… ……………

3. Now, make requests according to the ideas you are given. a) You want to borrow your friend’s book. -Can I……………………………..? b) You want your sister to pass you the salt. -Can you……………………………..? c) You want the teacher to repeat a sentence. -Would you mind…..………………..? d) You want a neighbour to give you a lift to the airport. -I wonder if you could..……………..? e) You want someone to fax a letter. -Will you…..………………………..? f) You want your cousin to help you move on Thursday. -Could you.………………………..?

• Sequence 4: Being a multiculturalist.I. Reading Activities (1) Read the following text carefully.

Each society has its own customs, social habits andbeliefs. They give people a sense of who they are supposed tobehave and what they should or should not do. When people visit or live in a country for the first time,they are often surprised at the differences that existbetween their own culture and the culture of the othercountry. That is why it is important to understand and appreciate cultural differences. Being a multicultural person will help you have a positive experience.

A multicultural person is someone who can adapt successfully to living in a culture different from his own. The sort of person we could describe as a citizen of the world or a member of the global community. In my opinion, there are four key qualities to be a multicultural. -The first is to be open- minded. This means you should not judge one culture as better than another or believe that the way thingsare done in your culture is the best way or the only way of doing things. In other words, don’t be an “ethnocentric”.

-Second, you must be adaptable. To live successfully in another culture, particularly in one that is very different from your own, you have to adapt to differences, not only visible differences of food, climate and customs but also to invisible differences- the different ways in which people of other cultures understand and interpret the world and their differentvalues. -Third, you ought to be sensitive. That means you should be able to see things from the other person’s point of view and avoid doing things that people of another culture might find strange, unacceptable or offensive, even if in your culture, such things are normal.-Fourth, you must be interested in othercultures. Try to learn their language,find out about their country, and developa real understanding of their culture.

1. Read the following advice and write them in the appropriate column.a) It is important for you to observe and understand what is going on.b) Think that some cultures are better than others.c) Respect other religious beliefs.d) Try to learn about cultural differences and understand them.e) Avoid discussing with other people because they have different cultures.f) Speak and behave without taking into consideration other people’s cultural habits.What a multiculturalist What a multiculturalistshould do shouldn’t do1 ……………………... 1 ……………………...2…………….………… 2……………………...3 ……………………... 3 ……………………...Social Customs Around the World

2. Read the information about the different customs and:a) Find pairs of countries with contrasting customs andwrite the countries in the table on the appropriate page.countries customs country customAustralia Turkey It’s not the custom People smokeChina to leave tips in Britain almost anywhere restaurants You usually only shake hands only It’s the custom to when you meet take an expert’s someone for the advice before first time building a house or changing the furniture. He will tell you how to encourage good spirits.Saudi Arabia You are not France Taking off yourJapan supposed to give shoes would seem food or drink Italy and most strange because it suggests European you think your countries The decoration or hosts aren’t the construction of offering you a house is nearly a enough to eat and question of space, drink. taste and affordability Keep in mind that conformity is important in a Japanese society

England It’s not USA You are supposed to Germany acceptable to Canada leave 15% to 20% Mauritania smoke in a Algeria tips in restaurants friends’ house without asking Individuality is valued highly You have to shake hands It is the custom to when you are bring a home made coming or cake or a small gift leaving when you are invited in someone’s house You are supposed to take off your shoes when entering your host’s house especially if the floor is covered with a carpeta) Countries with contrasting customs Australia The USA …………… …………………… ……………… ………………… ………….. …………….. ……………. ……………….. ……………. ……………….. ……………. ……………….. b) Compare the customs of each pair countries.Write sentences using the conjunctions “but” or “whereas”eg. In Australia, it’s not the custom to leave tips in restaurants but/whereas in the USA, you are supposed to leave 15% to 20% tips in restaurants.2) In China………………

3) In Saudi Arabia………4) In Japan………………5) In England……………6) In Germany………….7) In Morocco …………..II. Reading Activities (2)1. Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow it. World citizenship by Garry Davis On 25 may, 1948, in Paris, France Garry Davis (26) a former Broadway actor and US. bomber pilot of World war 2, renounced his exclusive citizenship in and allegiance to the United State of America. At the same time he publicly declared himself at the world. “All human being born within the territorial limits of the home planet Earthshall be ipso facto world government citizens.”Since the sixteenth century there has been a belief that universal principlesshould exist to institute a world- wide justice, hence the idea of a common worldcitizenship; a given fact which you practice daily without realizing it. Common “world law”” give rise to the notion of a

common world citizenship; a given fact which you practice daily without realizing it. Hospitality to the guest, sympathy for the underdog, love in all its forms, sharing food, keeping clean, aid for aged, young and infirm collecting garbage, seeking truth, all are evidence of cooperative “world laws”. Those who tried to expand these world laws were often considered asidealists, utopians, sentimental humanitarians, then came the 20th century.Electricity and electronics eliminated time and distance as barriers betweenhumans. Today, with Computers and Satellites, that is, withvirtually no distance and no time between humans, eachperson is a part of a global world community. Everythinghappening in the world affects, sooner or latter, eachindividual. A middle East war raises the price of oil for everyone;an atomic bomb exploding in the south pacific can meanleukaemia for a baby born in Dayton, Ohio; dumpingradio-active waste off the coast of Florida can mean radio-active first caught by fishermen off the coast of island,Great Britain, France or Spain; a shortwave radio placedanywhere on the surface of the globe receives a babble ofvoices-and ideas- from all corners of the world community.

Everything is happening at once and everything ishappening to every body. This is the most revolutionaryfact of our century. Universal world citizenship, then, is the only dynamicidentity capable of reconciling the human being with theplanetary community.There is no other pathway to the future…and to the stars.

1. Now, answer these questions:a) How long has the idea of one world existed? ……………………………………………b) Give some examples of universal values. ……………………………………………c) What are the things helped the planet Earth become a global community? …………………………………………...2. Which definition corresponds to the word “citizen”? Definition A: people without boundaries who do not owe allegiances to one single community, nationality, religious grows or ethnicity, and who work to strengthen the world community. Definition B: people who identify themselves as members of their own community, who give priority to their religious group, ethnicity and who think it is important to improve their own community………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

II. Mastery of Language.Read the Credo of “world citizen”. Rewrite it using: “should” or “ought to”. 1. Be a peaceful and peacemaking individual both in daily life and contact with others. …………………………………………………….. 2. Be just and equitable to all fellow humans. …………………………………………………….. 3. Respect the view points of his fellow citizens from anywhere in the world. …………………………………………………….. 4. Be aware of his responsibilities and rights as a legitimate members of the world community. …………………………………………………….. 5. Show commitment to universal values. ……………………………………………………..

Note: credo means statements that express a belief or rule that a particular person or group has.III. Writing Activities.Some people think that a citizen should be “a model citizen” that is a citizenserving his own community. Others think a citizen should be “a world citizen”that is a citizen working to strengthen the world community. Which position doyou agree with? Why ?

Start like this:A world citizen…1) should be or ought to be a peaceful and peacemaking individual both in daily life and contact with others.2)……………………………………………………….3)……………………………………………………….4) ……………………………………………………….5)……………………………………………………….

Remember: • We use must/have to express necessity and/or when giving commands. eg. 1. you must obey the law. 2. you mustn’t park your car here. 3. you have to respect others. • We use should/ought to for giving advice. eg. 1. you should join a green association. 2. you shouldn’t buy CFs products. 3. you ought to share food with poor peopleNote -must is stronger than have to -must is used by people in authority -Ought to is a little stronger than should but should is the most common modal for giving advice.

Realization of the Project What are some actions my friends and I could undertake to improve life in our neighbourhood.What is there to be improved?Who are the persons involved?What actions are we going to undertake?What means do we need to achieve our objective?……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Project 2 Peace and conflicts The plan of the seance• Sequence 1• Sequence 2• Sequence 3• Sequence 4



• Sequence 1: I. Reading Activities. Read the following text Major Achievements of the United Nations The United Nations was established after the Second World War to helpstabilize international relations and maintain peace in the world. Here, in brief, isa sampling of what the United Nations organizations have accomplished since1945 when the world organization was founded.

1. Maintaining peace and security – By deploying peace-keeping forces and observer missions in conflictual areas, the United Nations has been able to restore calm to allow the negotiating process to go forward.2. Making peace - Since 1945, the United Nations has been negotiating many peaceful settlements that have ended some conflicts in the world.3. Promoting democracy -By providing electoral assistance, the United Nations has enabled people in many countries to participate in free and fair elections4. Promoting human rights - Since adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, the UN Human Rights Commission has worked on cases of torture and arbitrary detention and put pressure on governments to improve their human rights records.5. Preventing nuclear proliferation - The United Nations has helped minimize the threat of a nuclear war by inspecting nuclear reactors in 90 countries to ensure that nuclear materials are not used for military purposes.6. Handing down judicial settlements of major international disputes - By giving judgments and advisory opinions, the International Court of Justice has helped settle international disputes involving territorial issues, hostage-taking and, the right of asylum.7. Providing humanitarian aid to victims of conflict - More than 30 million refugees fleeing war, famine or persecution have received aid from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees since 1951.8. Aiding Palestinian refugees - Since 1950, the United Nations Relief Agency has supported Palestinian refugees with free schooling, essential health care, relief assistance and key social services.9. Providing safe drinking water - UN agencies have worked to make safe drinking water available to 1.3 billion people in rural areas during the last decade.

10. Establishing \" a zone of peace for children\" - UNICEF pioneered the opening of \"Corridors of Peace\" to provide vaccines and other assistance desperately needed by children caught in armed conflict.1. Study the following examples taken from the text. • By deploying peace keeping forces and observer missions in conflictual areas, the United Nations has been able to restore calm and security • By providing electoral assistance, the United Nations has enabled people in many countries to participate in free and fair elections • By giving judgments and advisory opinions, the International Court of Justice has helped settle international disputes

Now, match the prompts in column A with the prompts in column B soas to make coherent sentences A B1- By negotiating peaceful a- the UNO has helped settlements , people in rural zones.2- By providing b- the UNO has humanitarian aid to supported Palestinian victims of conflicts, refugees.3- By working on cases of c- UNICEF has torture and detention , assisted children .4- By providing free d- UNO has ended education, primary many conflicts in health care and key the world. social services, e- has improved5- By providing safe human rights drinking water , records.6- By creating a f- the UNO has helped children’s peace zone, people flee war, famine and persecution.

We can also say: • The United Nations has been able to restore calm and security by deploying peace keeping forces and observer missions in conflictual areas. • The United Nations has enabled people in many countries to participate in free and fair elections by providing electoral assistance. • The International Court of Justice has settled international disputes by giving judgments and advisory opinions.a) Now, find one sentence in the text built in the same way. ...........................................................................................b) Rewrite the sentence in another way By..................................................................................

2. Write the full sentences from table 1 in the same way. Give the two possibilities.a) By negotiating............................ ...... …………….. The UNO …………………………………………….b) By providing ……………………………………….... The UNO……………………………………………..c) By working ………………………………………… The UNO ……….........................................................d) By providing ................................................................ The UNO .....................................................................e) By providing ................................................................ The UNO .....................................................................f) By creating ................................................................... The UNICEF.....................................................................

Pay attention to the use of the gerundafter the preposition “by”By + verb + ing is used to say howsomething happensIf it comes at the beginning of the clause,put a coma (,)By + verb + ing ................... , .............or ........................................... by..................

II. Mastery of Language Word Power:a) Suffixes can change the word-class and the meaning of the word Suffixes Meaning Examples-ful adjectives with a peaceful - forgetful positive meaning-less useless - cloudless adjectives with a-dom negative meaning freedom - boredom-ship friendship- membership abstract nouns-able drinkable - countable abstract nouns especially status with verbs, means “can be done”

1. Add the correct suffix to the words in the box and write them in the appropriate column: relation - king - owner - accept - leader - tact– martyr - care- read - wise- thought - care - use - star - use - understand - hope- thought - recognize -hope- companion - member - count - bore – taste -ful -less -dom -ship -ableuseful useless freedom membership drinkable

2. Complete these sentences with the correct word:a) A ................ is a country ruled by a king or a queen.b) Water in Gaza is salty. It is not ............................, so Palestinians have to buy mineral water even if it is expensive.c) The UN peace-keeping forces are...................because of their blue helmet.d) The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) fights for the ......................... of its people.e) American black people fought and obtained their citizen’s rights under Martin Luther King’s.................f) Don’t forget to renew your ...................................in the tennis club.g) We really get on well with our neighbours. We have good .............................. with them.

h) Gandi was known for his good judgment and his ability to make the right decisions. He was esteemed for his..........................................i) Ali la Pointe’s .............................encouraged Algerians to resist the French occupation.j) Zinedine Zidane is a football star. He rose to ................................ in the 1998 World Cup.k) I really like her because she is..................................... She is always careful to do things to make other people happy and comfortable. I can’t stand..............people. They don’t think of the needs and feelings of others.l) Smoking is not ...................................any more in public places in England.m) We must be .........................about the future and believe that one day in the future we will live in a peaceful world.

• Sequence 2: I. Reading Activities Read the following extract and then do the exercises that follow. Palestine and the Occupied Territories The UN General Assembly voted the original partition of Palestine in November 1947 and the UN deployed its first peace-keeping forces to monitor the ceasefire lines after the war of 1948. For many years, successive Israeli governments refused to consider a Palestinian state. In the 1970s both sides began to recognize the need for compromise. The Palestinians proposed a separate state, claiming as their homeland the territories occupied by Israel in the 1967 war. This idea found support in the international community, and Israel was called on towithdraw from this land according to UN Security Council Resolutions 242and 338. Since resolutions, the Security Council has taken nosignificant steps to end the Israel-Palestine conflict. Israel's 1967 occupation of other territories complicatedthe matter. Key issues that stop the \"peace process\" include:Israel's occupation,, sovereignty over Jerusalem, and the right of return ofPalestinian refugees.

From “The Economist”

1. Match the words in column A with the correct definitions in column B A B1. partition2. to monitor 1...f a. The country where you were born3. legitimacy b. to move out of a place4. compromise c. an agreement that is achieved after5. claiming someone accepts less than what he / she6. homeland wanted at first.7. support d. help and encouragement you give to someone. e. action of operating according to the law. f. the separation of a country into two. g. to carefully watch or examine something for a period of time .8. to withdraw h. independence.9.maintened i. made something continue in the same way.10.sovereignty j. stating that you have a right to something.

2. Complete the table below with words and correct form of verbs from the text so as to get a summary of the events in the chronological order: Dates Events Actions Taken By UNO1947 -None -The UN General Assembly…………….. the ……….of Palestine1948 The war broke. -UNO........... peace….... forces in1967 Palestine. -Israel………………. Palestinian territories. -UNO supported Israel.1970 -Palestine ………… the creation -UNO approved but did notUp to of a separate ………….. ……………. significantnow measures. -Israel has not respected the - UNO has taken no significant …………….. laws by measures to ………...... the occupying Palestinian territories conflict.

If+subject+ verb in the pastperfect subject+would have+past participle of the verb

3. Match the following statements so as to write conditional sentences like in the example :1. If UNO had not voted the 1… a) UNO would not have deployed partition of Palestine, peace keeping-forces in Palestine.2. If the war had 2... b) There would not have been an not broken, endless conflict in Palestine.1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Look at these examples eg. If men identified themselves as world citizens, conflicts would disappear in the world . or -Conflicts would disappear in the world if men identified themselves as world citizens.