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e-complit

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 Aesthetic design Notifications on lock screen Priority Mode: Get faster access by customizing app usage Pin Apps- Limit the access of apps for external users Extensive Storage Capacity: There is no limit to the number of selfies you click and store, as the phone comes packed with: 32GB expandable memory, 1 GB RAM 6. Yota Phone 2: A brand new dual-screen smartphone has been announced by Yota Devices. The phone comes with a 5-inch AMOLED display and a 4.7-inch e-paper display at the back.Remember theoriginal dual-screen YotaPhone that had a colourdisplay and an e-paper display atthe back? Well, itnow has anupgrade thatsounds prettydecent. TheYotaPhone 2,which sports two displays, has been officially announced. The primary display is a5-inch AMOLED panel with full-HD resolution and at the back you will find analways-on 4.7-inch e-paper display.The e-paper display, just like the e-ink display on Amazon's Kindle readers, showsnotifications, clock, weather, etc. and the front display can be used for regular use.The smartphone features a Snapdragon 800 chipset with 2GB of RAM, 32GB of

internal storage, an 8MP camera, and a 2,500mAH battery. The smartphone willrun on Android 4.4 KitKat with no word a Lollipop update.The YotaPhone 2 will arrive in India sometime in the future as the official websitelists India as one of the countries where the handset will ship. You can alsoregister on the website to get a notification when the product is instock. The first-gen YotaPhone was announced under a partnership with online e-commerce portal Flipkart back in October.Specifications:  5-inch Full HD AMOLED display  4.7-inch always-on E-paper display  Gorilla Glass 3  Snapdragon 800 SoC  2GB of RAM  32GB of storage  Android 4.4  8MP rear-facing camera  2.1MP front-facing camera  Bluetooth 4.0  2,500mAh battery7. Lenovo Vibe Shot:Lenovo Vibe Shot smartphone with 5.00-inch 1080x1920 display powered by1.7GHz processor alongside 3GB RAM and 16-megapixel rear camera.Display: 5.00-inch Battery Capacity:2900mAhFront Camera: 8-megapixelResolution: 1080x1920 pixels OS: Android 5.0Rear Camera: 16-megapixel RAM: 3GB

Lenovo Vibe X S960 Lenovo Vibe X S960 Lenovo Vibe X S960 (Silver, 16GB) (Silver) (Silver, 16 GB) ₹ 14,490 ₹ 14,499 ₹ 17,698Lenovo Vibe Shot detailed specifications General: Release date March 2015 Form factor Touchscreen Front camera 8-megapixel 16-megapixel Camera Battery capacity (mAh) 2900Display Screen size (inches) 5.00 1080x1920 pixels Resolution 1.7GHz octa-core Processor 3GB 32GB RAM Internal storage

8. Huawei smartwatch: Huawei had announced its first Android Wear smartwatch earlier this yearand the device garnered a lot of eyeballs. It looks like that the HuaweiWatch (quick look) is all set to launch as the brand has started teasing it. Huaweihas just posted an image on social media with the tagline “Elegance and Power inperfect harmony”.The image further states that the launch will take place on September 2nd inBerlin. The smartwatch was accidentally listed on Amazon last week for $349(roughly Rs. 22,500) before the listing was taken down. The model with a stainlesssteel dial and a black leather band was the one that got listed.The smartwatch sports a 1.4-inch AMOLED display with a resolution of 400 x 400pixels and it gets a scratch-proof sapphire crystal lens on top. A 1.2GHzQualcomm Snapdragon 400 processor mated to 512MB is present under its hood.It runs Android Wear OS which is compatible with devices running Android 4.3and above.There’s 4GB of internal storage on offer. It also has a six-axis motion sensor,barometer and a heart rate monitor. The event is expected to also play host to thelaunch of theHuawei Mate Swhich was leakedrecently.

9. Meizu M1 Note: Price : Rs 11999Meizu M1 Note phablet has a 5.5-inch HD display with 1080 x 1920 pixels’resolution and Corning Gorilla Glass 3 protection. It has a 1.7 GHz octa-coreprocessor with 2GB of RAM and runs Android 4.4 KitKat. It has 16 GB of inbuiltstorage. The smartphone has a 13 MP primary autofocus camera with dual LEDflash and a 5 MP secondary camera. Connectivity options included in thesmartphone are 4G LTE, Dual-SIM with dual standby, GPRS/ EDGE, Wi-Fi, Micro-USB, and Bluetooth 4.0. It packs a 3140mAh battery and is available in White,Blue, Yellow, Green and Pink colors. &noperating os version screen size screen resolution camerasystem (in inches) (in pixels) megapixel 4 based on 1080 x 1920Flyme based on Android 4.4 5.5Android 13

Literature

The Station About My LifeI was standing, My life,Standing by the side; It’s my life;Waiting for you, Storm on the ocean,Beneath the dark shadow, Moonlight on desert,Which engulfed me, Tears in happiness,To the deepestsorrow. And Sorrows in success.I wish I could be you, It’s my Life,Too rude to leave me; I am suffering;Alone in this cruel world. A rose in snowy evening,What an unpleasant moment!! A green leaf in mid-winter; My life and only my Life.I thought you will return, Which is promising,And was waiting for you; For future being.Now I know it’s a melancholy dream,But still I will always do. Ashima Medhi 3rd semester Bhaskar Ranjan Bora 5th Semester

Journey of My LifeA path to nowhere,Filled with hustle and tussle everywhereA path destined only for me,Made by me and divinity.The path was long with unexpected turnsFilled my journey with a bit of funUnforeseen was my destinationSo, I had a little hesitation.I travelled all the lonely wayWith a lot of enthusiasm for work and playThe road was lonely but I wasn’t aloneFor I was accompanied by someone unknown.I reached my destination.With the end of numerous illusions.After I faced the truth of mortality,I realized my life was momentary.This journey started with my birth And ended with my demise,Indeed, yesThis was the journey of my life Pari Rajkhowa 5th semesterfTyT“oohhTrueehtrhgweeoiofbwqtreulinsdsa,t lymndiotoayauykroaesopfsf–oitwly.IotToagiyuhiserifassolniirofsaetrthmhieeseaxmztcdhiuaaQnesyngeUoywsjno,OoehuunTorroonEnkleionfSywneoe–whreiatsca-onhlwRldlyoeahyalbneponrehuyegooiWhannules,oad”inlrsdeee-coglByaiodEroieoenmbnrgyeeM”oosrsuproirooabnlwnliasfaimebdlei.es.1111111111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222233333333333333333333333333333333333333334444444444444444444444444444444444444444555555555555555555555555555555555555555566666666666666666666666666666666666666667777777777777777777777777777777777777777888888888888888888888888888888888888888899999999999999999999999999999999999999990000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111122222222222222222222222222222222222222223333333333333333333333333333333333333333444444444444444444444444444444444444444455555555555555555555555555555555555555556666666666666666666666666666666666666666777777777777777777777777777777777777777788888888888888888888888888888888888888889999999999999999999999999999999999999999000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111112222222222222222222222222222222222222222333333333333333333333333333333333333333344444444444444444444444444444444444444445555555555555555555555555555555555555555666666666666666666666666666666666666666677777777777777777777777777777777777777778888888888888888888888888888888888888888999999999999999999999999999999999999999900000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222211111111111111111111111111111111111111112222222222222222222222222222222222222222333333333333333333333333333333333333333344444444444444444444444444444444444444445555555555555555555555555555555555555555666666666666666666666666666666666666666677777777777777777777777777777777777777778888888888888888888888888888888888888888999999999999999999999999999999999999999900000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222233333333333333333333333333333333333333334444444444444444444444444444444444444444555555555555555555555555555555555555555566666666666666666666666666666666666666667777777777777777777777777777777777777777888888888888888888888888888888888888888899999999999999999999999999999999999999990000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111122222222222222222222222222222222222222223333333333333333333333333333333333333333444444444444444444444444444444444444444455555555555555555555555555555555555555556666666666666666666666666666666666666666777777777777777777777777777777777777777788888888888888888888888888888888888888889999999999999999999999999999999999999999000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111112222222222222222222222222222222222222222111111111111111111111111111111111111111122222222222222222222222222222222222222223333333333333333333333333333333333333333444444444444444444444444444444444444444455555555555555555555555555555555555555556666666666666666666666666666666666666666777777777777777777777777777777777777777788888888888888888888888888888888888888889999999999999999999999999999999999999999000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111112222222222222222222222222222222222222222333333333333333333333333333333333333333344444444444444444444444444444444444444445555555555555555555555555555555555555555666666666666666666666666666666666666666677777777777777777777777777777777777777778888888888888888888888888888888888888888999999999999999999999999999999999999999900000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222233333333333333333333333333333333333333334444444444444444444444444444444444444444555555555555555555555555555555555555555566666666666666666666666666666666666666667777777777777777777777777777777777777777888888888888888888888888888888888888888899999999999999999999999999999999999999990000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111122222222222222222222222222222222222222221111111111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222233333333333333333333333333333333333333334444444444444444444444444444444444444444555555555555555555555555555555555555555566666666666666666666666666666666666666667777777777777777777777777777777777777777888888888888888888888888888888888888888899999999999999999999999999999999999999990000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111111111111122222222222222222222222222222222222222223333333333333333333333333333333333333333444444444444444444444444444444444444444455555555555555555555555555555555555555556666666666666666666666666666666666666666777777777777777777777777777777777777777788888888888888888888888888888888888888889999999999999999999999999999999999999999000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111111112222222222222222222222222222222222222222333333333333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Immortal Wonders of LifeIncredible fault of the stars;How incredible you are!Everything in this world indicates you,So, Incredible you are.Blissful grievance of hearts;How Blissful you are!Everything in this world feels you,So, blissful you are.Mystic dreams of nature;How mystic you are!Everything in this world depends upon you,So, wonderful you are.Incredible, Blissful, Mystic, Wonderful;Are the glorious passion of life.Portrait of God’s plan;So, Eternal and immortal.Alvina Dhar Love Never Ends5th Semester. Thinking for the future with you Heaven is else ,my dreams are being true. The world may sleep , But I will stay awake for you, Because my world stops for a while, When I think about you . When the time comes , I will die, And everything will be finished but , Still my die hearted heart will beat for you , My love for you will never end. I simply sacrifice my love for you , With my three magical words… I miss you a lot ... Priya Mishra 5th Semester.

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Let’s find outWhat Computer Science/ Engineering / Application is all about Mrs. Maushumi Lahon Lecturer Dept. of Computer Engineering. Computer Science/Engineering/Application is a discipline that embodies thescience and technology of design, construction, implementation, and maintenanceof software and hardware components of modern computing systems andcomputer-controlled equipment. This discipline basically can be considered to beone to equip oneself with the following computer skills : · Computer programming · Computer hardware and interface · Use of software packages Programming relates to the development of software using particular language,hardware and interface covers the knowledge about assembly, repair, integrationwith peripherals, laboratory setup etc. and the third area is to develop skills in usingavailable software packages like Tally, AutoCad, Matlab, Photoshop, etc. which isnecessary for specialised purposes. In this write up I would like to introduce a few areas where computer skillsprovide an opportunity to engage oneself professionally. 3D Animations / Graphics Design - Here one designs and creates either agraphic or 3D animations for software programs,games, movies, and web pages, usually in with a teamof other designers. One should acquire knowledgeand have a good understanding of the softwareprograms being used to create the visual designs or3D animations like Adobe Photoshop, AdobeIllustrator, and other programs used to create yourown pictures or edit photos. Database Management – It requires creating, testing, and maintaining one or more databases and requires a familiarity with or extensive knowledge of Access, FoxPro, MySQL, SQL, and Sybase. It is necessary to become familiar with the database being used at the business. If the job is for the continued development of a database, one should also have a good understanding of its corresponding programming language.

Freelancer - Thanks to the Internet that makes it possible for anyone to become a freelancer and apply for one of the millions of positions available around the Internet. See our how to make money on the Internet page for a listing of online services that list work available forfreelancers. One needs a Computer and high-speed Internet connection. There is awide array of freelance jobs available online, so it is difficult to give any specificrecommendation. Networking or System Administrator - Computer networking jobs involvedesigning, setting up, and maintaining anetwork .This involves setting up,troubleshooting, and maintaining acorporate network . Often, networkingjobs also require a good understandingof how a network works, and in somecases how all theunderlying protocols and structure ofhow networks work. There arenumerous network and network related certifications available today, such asthe CCNA, MCSE, etc. The certifications are more than enough to qualify formost network jobs. Some of the higher networking positions, especially in thedevelopment of network hardware or programming side, may also require experiencein networking or a degree. Programmer or Software developer - This job requires the development orcontinued development and maintenance of a software program. It is necessary toknow a basic to extensive understanding of a programming language. Becausemost job positions require the ability to help develop a program, they require severalyears of experience or a degree. Depending on what programs or scripts one wantsto create one decides on the language to learn. Repairing and fixing – In this area the job requires one to fix and repair computer and computer equipment. Often this involves removing a component from within the computer and replacing it with a good component. A good understanding of computer hardware, computer disassembly, proper tools, and good troubleshooting skills is required. Building own computer or disassembleand re-assemble a computer and becoming familiar with computers, software,hardware, and the products the company makes is necessary to work in this field. Technical Support – The job here is helping an end-user or company employeewith their computers, software program, and hardware device. A technical supportposition is a great first step for people interested in working in the computer industry.One needs to have a basic understanding of computers, computer’s software andhardware as well as become as familiar as possible with computers, computer

software, and hardware. Although almost all technical support centers providesome form of training, most still require that you be familiar with computers. Webmaster or Web Designer - One has to create, maintain, or completelydesign a web page. For basic web designing positions one should have a goodunderstanding of HTML, the Internet, and web servers. Have a good understandingof the technologies and code used to create a web page and the HTML editor orprogram used to create the page. More advanced positions may also require afamiliarity of CGI, CSS, Flash, FTP, JavaScript, jQuery, Linux, Perl, PHP, Python,RSS, SSI, Unix, or XHTML. One of the best learning experiences for people whoare interested in this job is to create a web page or help maintain another website. In relation to higher studies I would like to point out that apart from Lateral entryfor 2nd year B.Tech course one can go for B.Sc. in Computer Science andEngineering, B.C.A (Bachelor of Computer Application). The domain of Computer Science/Engineering/Application is so vast and fastthat it takes a lot of effort to keep up with the development. Break-through inCommunication Technology has given this domain a breakneck speed. So to be apart of this domain it is invariably necessary to master certain skill which will allowone to be a part of this universal discipline.Bhai ko Bhai se juda kr deti he Full form of GIRL & BOYSJ\"GF\" First GIRLSMaa ko Bete se juda kr deti he G – Gussa hamesha naak pe I – Innocent sirf shakal seO\"GF\" R – Rone ki automatic machine L – Ladai mein sabki naani.Pati aur Patni ke Beech KJhagda paida kr deti he Full form Of BOYS... B - Badmashiyon mein sab se aage.E\"GF\" O - Ollu Ki Tarah raat mein Jaage. Y - Yaarian Nibhate Jaan Laga Ke.Insan ko Duniya se juda kr S - Shareef Sirf Maa Baap Ke Aage.deti he S\"GF\"Ghar me Jhagda karwa deti he\"GF\"\"GF\"matlab-GALAT FEHMIJo is waqt aapko hui he.Girl Friend to BechariMasoom hoti he......

Teaching Aid For CPU scheduling Algorithms Hitesh Tahbildar , Dona Gogoi , Rupam Sarmah and Manmi Nath ∗ Abstract—CPU scheduling is a key concept in oper- algorithms simultaneously for comparison practically asating system course. Although there are many book well as theoretically. In this paper, we are trying to de-on operating system but no one can give clear un- velop resource for teaching the students about schedulingderstanding of CPU scheduling algorithms both the- algorithm both theoretical and practical manner. Ouroretical and practical aspects. In this paper, We have software has mainly three components:developed a software that can be used as teachingaid for CPU scheduling algorithms. The theoretical • Tutorial to understand scheduling algorithm.description with examples is included to make the-oretical concepts. The simulation of diﬀerent CPU • Simulation of scheduling algorithm.scheduling algorithms are done with interactive formto understand CPU scheduling practically by vary- • Comparison of scheduling algorithm.ing inputs. A comparative study of CPU algorithmsare done to know advantages and disadvantages of 1.1 The main contributions of our work are:scheduling algorithms to get idea for proposing bet-ter scheduling algorithms. • Basic concepts of scheduling algorithms can be taught to students.Keywords: Preemptive, RR, SJF, FCFS, teaching aid1 Introduction • Preemptive implementation of scheduling algorithms varying inputs can be observed in interactive simu-CPU scheduling is an important concept in operating lated environment.system course for any computer science student. Manybooks [1, 2], e-books [3], slide are available either as • Collected statistics can provide us idea to know eﬃ-hard copy or soft copy. All of these literature explains ciently of diﬀerent scheduling algorithms dependingscheduling algorithms individually and performance cri- on situation.teria are shown with diﬀerent parameters (waiting time,turnaround time, response time).There are various types The proposed software can help students to understandof CPU scheduling algorithms. But we are using only clearly the scheduling algorithms, observe the behavior offour of them. These are- FCFS scheduling algorithm, scheduling algorithms at diﬀerent time. The rest of theSJF scheduling algorithm, Priority scheduling algorithm, paper is organized as follows: The section 2 presents aRound Robin scheduling algorithm. Although many pro- survey of related operating system scheduling algorithms.cess runs in alternate fashion, diﬀerent performance cri- The section 3 explains our works with UML Use case di-teria are shown as only CPU burst per process. As a agram and class diagram. The section 4 discusses our re-result, students are not able to gain depth knowledge sults to know the merits and demerits of diﬀerent schedul-into exactly how the algorithms work in real operating ing algorithms. Finally in section 5 we conclude how oursystem [4].Some of the literature on scheduling algorithm work can help students and faculties to learn and teachexplains the algorithms with the help of the simulator. scheduling algorithms both theory and practical.The simulator can give us implementation ideas. But theperformance criteria varying inputs like number of pro- 2 Related Workcesses, burst time, arrival time are not observed. The ex-isting comparative studies are limited with concepts and We have studied many reference reports about CPUtable of parameters [5]. In the literature , more impor- scheduling software developed by diﬀerent developers.tance to Round Robin scheduling, some gives on priority But some of them gave more importance to Round Robinscheduling and so on. None gave importance to all the [6, 7]. In [6] a new Round Robin with highest response ratio next is proposed and the authors claim that their∗Dr. Hitesh Tahbildar, Tel/Fax:91-9864018339 algorithm is better than the dynamic quantum with read- justed round robin [8]. Performance improvement ofEmail:tahbil@rediﬀmail.com, Dona Gogoi, Tel/Fax:91-8876282218 cpu scheduling algorithms is proposed in [9]. In [10] Round Robin algorithm is improved by computing theEmail:[email protected], Rupam Sarmah, Tel/Fax:91- time quantum by selecting the burst time depending on9577228408 Email:[email protected], Manmi NathTel/Fax:91-7399482167 Email:[email protected], Depart-ment of Computer Engineering, Assam Engineering Institute,Guwahati-781003, INDIA. Manuscript submission: June’2014

the set of available set of processes dynamically. M. U. Figure 2: Snapshot of our OutputSidebar proposed the concept of genetic round robin [7].Critical simulation of cpu scheduling algorithms using ex-ponential distribution is done on [11] M. Kaladevi et aldid a comparative study of scheduling algorithms for realtime task [12]. Most of the research is done on real timeoperating system using genetic algorithm [13, 14, 15]. Noone give importance in teaching, simulation and compar-ative study of all CPU scheduling algorithms. In liter-ature, teaching a topic like software testing tools canbe found [16]. But teaching a topic like scheduling al-gorithms from both theoretical and practical could notfound.3 Our Approach3.1 ModelWe have developed a teaching aid for students andteacher to learn scheduling algorithms. The Use case di-agram is shown in ﬁgure 1. 3.2 Our Collected Statistics Input • process id • arrival time • burst time • priorities (only for priority scheduling). • time quantum (only for round robin). OutputFigure 1: Use case diagram • total waiting time • total turnaround timeThere are three components of our work: Theoretical tu- • average waiting timetorial, Practical tutorial(simulation), and Comparisons. • average turnaround timeTutorial module explains theoretical concepts with exam- Finally we compare our results of diﬀerent algorithms toples to get the basic concepts of scheduling algorithms. know Pros and Cons of the algorithm.The simulation module teaches student the actual be-havior of scheduling while in execution. The diﬀerent Our design is shown in UML class diagram in ﬁgure 3.snapshot are shown to the students to make them betterunderstanding. One of the snapshot is shown in ﬁgure 2 We implemented our Object oriented design in JAVA.We collected the following statistics from our simulation The proposed system consists of the following java swingworks. based programs/classes: stepwise invocation/call of the included classes and their brief descriptions are given be- low:

7. PropertiesDialogBox.java: It gives the computed de- sired output 8. Browser.java : Used in Help Menu 9. Help.java : It provides the Help Menu. 10. WinDisplay.java: It provides the look and Feel of the input/output data forms 11. ReadDatFile.java: It reads output from the binary .dat ﬁles. 4 Discussion Figure 3: UML class diagram of our design From the analysis of the algorithms, we have come up with the conclusion that Round Robin CPU Schedul-1. Hello.java: This is the to be executed ﬁrst. It creates ing algorithm is the best being the preemptive algo- the object of the Main Class in order to create to rithm, it exhibits fairness. However, performance of the display the opening menu for the proposed system RR algorithm depends heavily on the size of the quan- adding some GUI features. tum. On the one extreme is the time quantum is very large, Round Robin algorithm is same as FCFS pol-2. Main.java: This displays the main Menu from where icy. But if the time quantum is fairly small, the Round we have select diﬀerent CPU scheduling algorithms, Robin will exhibit fairness but a considerable overhead help menu and to change the look and feel of the gets added to the turnaround time due frequent context forms. Accordingly it calls constructor of the dif- switch. This fact becomes clear from the RR average ferent CPU scheduler such as FCFS.java, NPSJF, turnaround time reading is highest as compared to other Round Robin etc. Again each scheduling construc- algorithms. Hence we observed if majority of the pro- tor creates object of Process SchedulingI.java passing cesses are less than the time quantum, the RR will give required parameters and through its objects calls its better response time. Further, SJF has the least average method setMethod() passing the Scheduler’s name. turnaround time and average waiting time as compared to other algorithms. This shows that SJF is probably3. ProcessSchedulingI.java: This interacts with the optimal, in that it gives the minimum average time in users in order to get the required input data. It the set of processes by moving the short process before creates objects ProcessVisualizer.java, ProcessProp- a long one. The waiting time of short process decreases erties.java and ModelsHandler.java passing required more than the waiting time of the long process. Conse- data to their constructor. quently the waiting time decreases. But this algorithm can only be used for systems which are interactive and4. ProcessProperties.java: It veriﬁes whether the input thereby is biased to short processes and unfavorable to data is accordingly or not. If not it rectiﬁes. longer ones which may lead to indeﬁnite postponement of longer processes.5. ProcessVisualizer.java: it displays the output data 5 Conclusion and Future Work6. ModelHandler.java:: This is the program that com- putes the desired result based on the input parame- We have successfully simulated the scheduling algorithms ters. based on which the scheduler decides which processes to allocate to the processor. We have successfully gathered data for analysis, but we still have to take under con- sideration the overhead which the real world operating systems incur due to context switch while using the pre- emptive algorithms. The overhead will be incorporated into the simulation. Software development is never ending process and contin- ues throughout the life of the software. The software has been developed keeping in mind easy modiﬁcation and enhancement that may be required from time to time. Our developed software will help students to understand

about CPU scheduling algorithm theoretically as well as [13] D. M. A. Sachin R. Sakhare, “Genetic algorithmpractically. The outcome of this work may help students based adaptive scheduling algorithm for real time op-and teachers to think and design better scheduling algo- erating systems,” International Journal of Embeddedrithm. The work can be extended for hybrid implemen- Systems and Applications (IJESA), vol. 2, Septem-tation of scheduling algorithms. ber 2012.References [14] A. P. Vikas Gaba, “Comparison of processor schedul- ing algorithms using genetic approach,” Interna- [1] G. G. A. Silberschatz, P. B. Galvin, Operating Sys- tional Journal of Advanced Research in Computer tem Concepts. John Wiley and Sons. INC, 7th ed., Science and Software Engineering, vol. 2, August 2005. 2012. [2] A. S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating System. Pear- [15] J. A. S. Krithi Ramamritham, “Scheduling algo- son Education, third ed., 2009. rithms and operating systems support for real-time systems,” Proceeding Of The IEEE, vol. 82, JAN- [3] L. Miller, The Easy Guide to Operating Systems. e- UARY 1994. Books. [16] H. Tahbildar, P. Borbora, and G. P. Khataniar, [4] S. Suranauwarat, “A cpu scheduling algorithm sim- “Teaching automated test data generation tools for ulator,” 37th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education c, c++, and java programs,” International Journal Conference F2H-20, October 2007. of Computer Science and Information Technology, vol. 5, February 2013. [5] D. R. G. Neetu Goel, “A comparative study of cpu scheduling algorithms,” International Journal of Graphics and Image Processing, vol. 2, Novem- ber 2012.[6] A. K. P. G. S. H.S. Behera, Brajendra Kumar Swain, “A new proposed round robin with highest response ratio next (rrhrrn) scheduling algorithm for soft real time systems,” International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), vol. 1, February 2012.[7] M. U. Siregar, “A new approach to cpu scheduling al- gorithm: Genetic round robin,” International Jour- nal of Computer Applications (0975 888), vol. 47, June 2012.[8] M. Ulfah, “A new approach to cpu scheduling algo- rithm: Genetic round robin,”[9] N. Neeraj Kumar, “Performance improvement using cpu scheduling algorithm-srt,” International Jour- nal of Emerging Trends and Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), vol. 2, March-April 2013.[10] S. B. Nayana Kundargi, “Cpu scheduling algorithm using dynamic time quantum for batch systems,” In- ternational Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET), 2013.[11] S. D. Maria Abur1, Aminu Mohammed2 and S. Ab- dullahi4, “A critical simulation of cpu scheduling algorithm using exponential distribution,” IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, vol. 8, November 2011.[12] D. M.Kaladevi, “A comparative study of scheduling algorithms for real time task,” International Jour- nal of Advances in Science and Technology, vol. 1, November 2010.

Humanity- From a Deeper Insight This is no new concept or a word that has come across us for the first time.But if go to think it in a deeper way do every one of us, or to make it simple doevery one of us know the “real meaning” of it ? In today’s world where corruption,terrorism, murders, and all other possible in human activities is no big deal, wheregetting to see the little of another big scandal in block letters in the front page of anewspaper early in the morning has become a habitual routine for every Indians;Humanity has lost its originality. A trick question on this content, is ought to bereflected here, that every person we get to see speaking against corruption in thetalk shows on the television do they really feel what they say ? Do all of them reallyspeak the truth? We are today in such a situation that we cannot celebrate ournations independence day in a free environment, every second that we are out ofour house makes our family shiver that we would return to our home safely orwould get blown out in a severe bomb blast. Another interesting factor of human nature is that in the quest for success,glory, honour, and money, many of us loot our own country and even then proudlyclaim we are ‘Indians’. In the quest for success one dumps one’s own originality inone’s footsteps. Competitiveness and the ‘rat-race’ is so much today on the edgethat if one doesn’t make it, he is finished and no one turns back to see his humanity.Greed, success, money, corruption and terrorism have engulfed us so tightly todaythat a strong force of humanity is immediately in need so that we can be free fromits trap and proudly claim that, ‘Yes we are God’s free and true humans’. Pankaj Kumar Das 3rd Semester.Microsoft vs Apple! Notice on entry gate of a Apple Store:Don’t ever fart here;the smell will stay for ages. We don’t have Windows.And a Tit for Tat from Microsoft in their premises.Anyone visiting us here can be free to useWindows in case you need to release stale gas from yesterday’s half eaten apple. We have been providing open window system to the world since ages. ‘

Some Interesting Facts On India“India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the motherof history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition. Ourmost valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured upin India only.”1. A floating post office India has the largest postal network in the worldwith over 1, 55,015 post offices. A single post officeon an average serves a population of 7,175 people. Thefloating post office in Dal Lake, Srinagar, wasinaugurated in August 2011. 2. Kumbh Mela gathering visible from space The 2011 KumbhMela was the largest gathering of people with over 75 million pilgrims. The gathering was so huge that the crowd was visible from space.3. The wettest inhabited place in the worldMawsynram, a village on the Khasi Hills, Meghalaya,receives the highest recorded average rainfall in theworld. Cherrapunji, also a part of Meghalaya, holdsthe record for the most rainfall in the calendar yearof 1861. 4. Bandra Worli Sealink has steel wires equal to the earth’s circumference It took a total of 2,57,00,000 man hours for completion and also weighs as much as 50,000 African elephants. A true engineering and architectural marvel.

5. The highest cricket ground in the worldAt an altitude of 2,444 meters, the Chail CricketGround in Chail, Himachal Pradesh, is the highestin the world. It was built in 1893 and is a part of theChail Military School. 6. Shampooing is an Indian concept Shampoo was invented in India, not the commercial liquid ones but the method by use of herbs. The word ‘shampoo’ itself has been derived from the Sanskrit word champu, which means to massage.7. The Indian national Kabaddi team has won allWorld CupsIndia has won all 5 men’s Kabaddi World Cups heldtill now and have been undefeated throughout thesetournaments. The Indian women’s team has also wonall Kabaddi World Cups held till date. 8. Water on the moon was discovered by India In September 2009, India’s ISRO Chandrayaan- 1 using its Moon Mineralogy Mapper detected water on the moon for the first time.9. Science day in Switzerland is dedicated to Ex-IndianPresident, APJ Abdul Kalam.The father of India’s missile programme had visitedSwitzerland back in 2006. Upon his arrival, Switzerlanddeclared May 26th as Science Day.

10. India’s first President only took 50% of his salaryWhen Dr Rajendra Prasad was appointed the President ofIndia, he only took 50% of his salary, claiming he did notrequire more than that. Towards the end of his 12-year tenurehe only took 25% of his salary. The salary of the Presidentwas Rs 10,000 back then. 11. The first rocket in India was transported on a cycle. The first rocket was so light and small that it was transported on a bicycle to the Thumba Launching Station in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.12. India has a spa just for elephantsElephants receive baths, massages and even food atthe Punnathoor Cotta Elephant Yard RejuvenationCentre in Kerala. Now that’s a BIG step for the country. 13. India is the world’s second-largest English speaking country India is second only to the USA when it comes to speaking English with around 125 million people speaking the language, which is only 10% of our population. This is expected to grow by quite amargin in the coming years.14. Largest number of vegetarians in the worldBe it because of religious reasons or personal choices or both, around 20-40% ofIndians are vegetarians, making it the largest vegetarian-friendly country in the world.

15. The world’s largest producer of milkIndia recently overtook the European Union withproduction reaching over 132.4m tonnes in 2014. 16. The first country to consume sugar India was the first country to develop extraction and purifying techniques of sugar. Many visitors from abroad learnt the refining and cultivation of sugar from us.17. The human calculator.Shakuntla Devi was given this title after she demonstratedthe calculation of two 13 digit numbers: 7,686,369,774,870× 2,465,099,745,779 which were picked at random. Sheanswered correctly within 28 seconds. 18. Rabindranath Tagore also wrote the national anthem for Bangladesh Rabindranath Tagore is credited not only for writing the Indian national anthem, JanaGanaMana,but the Bangladeshi national anthem, Amar Sonar Bangla, as well. He was also offered knighthoodby the British but refused the honour after the JalianwalaBagh massacre.21. Astronaut Rakesh Sharma said India looks saarejahaan se achcha from spaceFormer Prime Minister Indira Gandhi asked the firstIndian in space, Rakesh Sharma, about how Indialooked from space. His response was our famouspatriotic song, “SaareJahaan Se Achcha.”

22. Havell’s is purely an Indian brand & named after its first owner.Though the company was bought for just 10 lakh Rupees a long time ago and isnow a multi-billion electrical goods company, it’s an Indian company and is stillnamed after its original owner, Haveli Ram Gupta.23. Diamonds were first mined in IndiaInitially, diamonds were only found in the alluvial deposits in Guntur and KrishnaDistrict of the Krishna River Delta. Until diamonds were found in Brazil during the18th century, India led the world in diamond production.24. A special polling station is set up for a lone voter in the middle of Gir ForestMahantBharatdasDarshandas has been voting since2004 and during every election since then, a specialpolling booth is set up exclusively for him as he isthe only voter from Banej in Gir forest.Be an IT 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Software technology parks of India Software technology parks of India (STPI) is a society registered under Indiansocieties registration act 1860 in India, established in 1991 under the companies2015, and income tax act 1961. Software technology parks of India (STPI) is asociety set up by the ministry of communication and information technology,government of India in 1991, with the objectives of encouraging, promoting andboosting the software exports from India. STPI maintains internal engineeringresources to provide consulting, training and implementation. Services covernetwork design, system integration, installation, operations and maintenance ofapplication networks and facilities in varied areas. It is an export oriented schemefor the development and export of computer software,including export ofprofessional services. The STPI scheme provides various benefits to the registeredunits which include hundred percentforeign equality tax incentives, duty-freeimport, duty-free indigenous procurement, CST reimbursement, DTA entitlement,deemed export etc. STPI has played a seminal role in India having earned reputation as an IT-superpower. STPI exported software and Information technology worth Rs.215264 croresare FY2010-2011. The state with the largest export contributionwas Karnataka followed by Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. STPI has apresence in many of the major cities of India including the cities of Bangalore,Mangalore, Mysore, Hubli, Trivandrum, Vhilai, Bhubaneshwar, Channai,Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Gurgaon, Kakinada, Pune, Guwahati, Noida, Mumbai,Nagpur, Kolkata, Kanpur, Lucknow, Dehradun, Patna, Rourkela, Ranchi, GandhiNagar, Surat, Imphal, Shillong, Nashik etc. Besides regulating the STPI scheme, STPI centers also provides variety ofservices, which includes High Speed Data Communication, Incubation facility,consultancy, Network monitoring, Data center, Data Hosting for the NationalInternet Exchange of India.

The tax benefits under the Income Tax act section IOA applicable to STPI unitshas expired since March 2011. While the government has chosen not to extend sec10A benefits against the demand by the IT units, most of the STPI registered asSME units shall be affected, who will have to pay income tax on profit earned fromexports. A new Incentive scheme for IT and ITES companies is under discussion. It willhelp dispersal of IT industries in smaller cities and also support STPI- registeredunits which have not come under SEG as well as other units which are not coveredunder any incentive scheme. This incentive scheme is seen as a covered alternatescheme to compensate the STPI units, but the same would be restricted to thoseunits located in TIER II and III cities. However, proposal is still under considerationand no announcement is made yet.State wise exports made by STPI units.Name of the states 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11Assam 60Chandigarh 955.11 658 11000.35 65897.9Chattisgarh 0.22 89.23 4.5 4.58Delhi 5264 1762 1892.49 1776.9Gujrat 681 1268.13 1035 1250.99Haryana 10960 12410 14795.36 13650.75Himachal Pradesh 1.1 0.75 1.69 .90Jammu & Kashmir 1.28 1.74 1.25 0.80Jharkhand 285.654Karnataka 1201 1803 1956.45 70240.93Kerela 185.22 198 214.93 2071.67Madhya Pradesh 35374 42360.88 45709.34 246.89Maharashtra 49873.78Meghalaya 844 1162 1116.83 1.64Orrisa 64 6 5.897 1253.29Pondicherry 227.56 230 345.38 110.25Punjab 275.3 358 520.36 438.43Rajasthan 38295 38355.58 41363.51 491.65Tamil Nadu 26122 31039 27665.35 42100Telangana 10695.21 10264.36 10590.43 28574.57Uttar Pradesh 4500 5129 5441 10281.6West Bengal 5665Total 228,646.81All figures in Crores of INR

Forbidden Love “The heart wants what it wants. There’s no logic to these things. You meet someone and you fall in love and that’s that.” -Woody Allen Once in a lifetime,you meet someone who becomes an essential part ofyour life. Someone who becomes so close, so dear to you that you cannotafford to lose them under any condition. A day without talking to that someoneseems so agonizing. It just feels so nice when they are around you. You feelsafe. You feel Protected. You can share anything with that someone be it thestupidest joke ever or the story of that random guy you have a crush on, orabout the fight you had with your mom last night or anything. You love it howcalm and patient they are when they’re with you. They are the ones that lovewhen you aren’t very lovable. The ones who stand by your side even whenyou are at your worst. Someone who accepts your past, support your presentand encourages your future. You love to be around that special person causeyou know they are the ones you can depend upon and you know that they’realways gonna be there for you through thick and thin. For time and all eternity. Until I met him I had never known that the word addictive could applyto people. If someone mentioned it I would jump to the words drugs, alcohol.I never thought I’d become an addict cause I stayed away from those things.I’m an addict for you. Not only do I crave to talk to you every moment, butalso the taste of your arms around me. I crave the hugs that I can swear feelwarmer than the sun. To say I Love You, I Want You would be so underrated.I would never be able to truncate the words into something that wouldencompass the ongoing volumes of what I feel for you. I don’t love youbecause I need you. I need you because I love You. As they say “All of us arebetter when we are loved.” I want to be loved. Loved by You.

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GIRL’S EDUCATION Despite tallclaims by thegovernment andvoluntary organizationas a vast majority ofgirls till remain illiteratein India. During the lastfour decades sinceindependence much hasbeen done toemancipate the women.Education of girls is onethe basic features ourplans. Many schoolsand colleges were founded for girls . Even co-education had received considerablesupport from the public and although orthodox parents still view the system of co-education with suspicion a large number of families send their daughters to co-educational institutions. Female education is indeed, receiving a great imputes andthe advance made by our country in this direction during the past decade or so isconsiderable. There are many villages were schools or girls school do not exit.Every village must have a girls school or if that is not possible owing to lack offunds parents should be persuaded to admit their daughter’s to some schools .Furthermore, the extreme poverty for the Indian masses makes it imperative thateducation for girls be free up to the matriculation standard .At present , practically, no distinction exits between the education for boys and that of girls . Girls oughtto receive a good general education . No matter what other subject they are taught,cookery, music , paintings and hygiene should receiver special emphasis .Subjectlike arithmetic, history, geography and primarily be trained for domestic life and allthat goes with it .That being so , the nature of education that is given to then nowmust be such as to prove useful to them in their capacity as wives and mothers . Nodoubt certain girls show promise of growing into artists , writers , doctors , politicianand so for others may prefer to follow such professions as doctoring ,teaching,law and still others may like to become steno typists ,secretaries ,business ,operator,telephone ,executions etc . But the majority of girls have naturally a distinct preferencefor a several education ,after which will entire matrimony and settle down in theirnorms .So while all possible arrangements should exits in school and colleges toencourage talent or special aptitude for a particular profession the average girlsshould be so educated and trained as to enable her to mare home life happy ,healthy and civilized. Priya Mishra 5th Semester

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BIG DATA Big data is a broad term for data sets so large or complex that traditional dataprocessing applications are inadequate. Challenges include analysis, capture, curation,search, sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, and information privacy. The termoften refers simply to the use of predictive analytics or other certain advancedmethods to extract value from data, and seldom to a particular size of data set. Butwhere does these data comes from ? Data sets grow in size in part because they areincreasingly being gathered by cheap and numerous information-sensing mobiledevices, aerial (remote sensing), software logs, cameras, microphones, radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers, and wireless sensor networks. The world’stechnological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every40 months since the 1980s; as of 2012, every day 2.5 exabytes (2.5×1018) of datawere created; The challenge for large enterprises is determining who should ownbig data initiatives that straddle the entire organization. Despite the ongoing hype around big data, the wide majority of analysts continueto work with “PC size” data, on a desktop PC or notebook as there might be nolarger data available to support their task. Relational database management systems and desktop statistics and visualizationpackages often have difficulty handling big data. The work instead requires “massivelyparallel software running on tens, hundreds, or even thousands of servers”. What isconsidered “big data” varies depending on the capabilities of the users and theirtools, and expanding capabilities make Big Data a moving target. Thus, what isconsidered to be “Big” in one year will become ordinary in later years. “For someorganizations, facing hundreds of gigabytes of data for the first time may trigger aneed to reconsider data management options. For others, it may take tens or hundredsof terabytes before data size becomes a significant consideration.” So if we have to define what is big data stands for-Big data usually includes datasets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture,curate, manage, and process data within a tolerable elapsed time.Big data “size” is aconstantly moving target, as of 2012 ranging from a few dozen terabytes to manypetabytes of data. Big data is a set of techniques and technologies that require newforms of integration to uncover large hidden values from large datasets that arediverse, complex, and of a massive scale.CHARACTERISTICSBig data can be described by the following characteristics:

VOLUME – The quantity of data that is generated is very important in this context.It is the size of the data which determines the value and potential of the data underconsideration and whether it can actually be considered Big Data or not. The name‘Big Data’ itself contains a term which is related to size and hence the characteristic.VARIETY - The next aspect of Big Data is its variety. This means that the categoryto which Big Data belongs to is also a very essential fact that needs to be known bythe data analysts. This helps the people, who are closely analyzing the data and areassociated with it, to effectively use the data to their advantage and thus upholdingthe importance of the Big Data.VELOCITY - The term ‘velocity’ in the context refers to the speed of generationof data or how fast the data is generated and processed to meet the demands andthe challenges which lie ahead in the path of growth and development.VARIABILITY - This is a factor which can be a problem for those who analysethe data. This refers to the inconsistency which can be shown by the data at times,thus hampering the process of being able to handle and manage the data effectively.VERACITY - The quality of the data being captured can vary greatly. Accuracy ofanalysis depends on the veracity of the source data.COMPLEXITYData management can become a very complex process, especially when largevolumes of data come from multiple sources. These data need to be linked, connectedand correlated in order to be able to grasp the information that is supposed to beconveyed by these data. This situation, is therefore, termed as the ‘complexity’ ofBig Data.Big data analytics consists of 6 Cs in the integrated industry 4.0 and Cyber PhysicalSystems environment. 6C system, that is, consist of connection (sensor andnetworks), Cloud (computing and data on demand), Cyber (model and memory),content/context (meaning and correlation), community (sharing and collaboration),and customization (personalization and value). In this scenario and in order toprovide useful insight to the factory management and gain correct content, data hasto be processed with advanced tools (analytics and algorithms) to generate meaningfulinformation. Considering the presence of visible and invisible issues in an industrialfactory, the information generation algorithm has to be capable of detecting andaddressing invisible issues such as machine degradation, component wear, etc. inthe factory floor.

ARCHITECTUREBig Data Analytics for Manufacturing Applications can be based on a 5C architecture(connection, conversion, cyber, cognition, and configuration) -The 5C Level Architecture can be described as:· Smart Connection- Acquiring accurate and reliable data from machinesand their components is the first step in developing a cyber-physical systemapplication. The data might be directly measured by sensors or obtained fromcontroller or enterprise manufacturing systems such as ERP, MES, SCM and CMM.Two important factors at this level have to be considered. First, considering varioustypes of data, a seamless and tether-free method to manage data acquisitionprocedure and transferring data to the central server is required where specificprotocols such as MTConnect, etc. are effectively useful. On the other hand,selecting proper sensors (type and specification) is the second importantconsideration for the first level.· Data-to-Information Conversion-Meaningful information has to be inferredfrom the data. Currently, there are several tools and methodologies available for thedata to information conversion level. In recent years, extensive focus has beenapplied to develop these algorithms specifically for prognostics and healthmanagement applications. By calculating health value, estimated remaining usefullife, etc., the second level of CPS architecture brings self-awareness to machines.· Cyber-The cyber level acts as central information hub in this architecture.Information is being pushed to it from every connected machine to form the machinesnetwork. Having massive information gathered, specific analytics has to be used toextract additional information that provide better insight over the status of individualmachines among the fleet. These analytics provide machines with self-comparisonability, where the performance of a single machine can be compared with and ratedamong the fleet and on the other hand, similarities between machine performanceand previous assets (historical information) can be measured to predict the futurebehavior of the machinery. In this paper we briefly introduce an efficient yet effectivemethodology for managing and analyzing information at cyber level.· Cognition-Implementing CPS upon this level generates a thorough knowledgeof the monitored system. Proper presentation of the acquired knowledge to expertusers supports the correct decision to be taken. Since comparative information aswell as individual machine status is available, decision on priority of tasks to optimizethe maintaining process can be made. For this level, proper info-graphics arenecessary to completely transfer acquired knowledge to the users.· Configuration-The configuration level is the feedback from cyber space tophysical space and act as supervisory control to make machines self-configure andself-adaptive. This stage acts as resilience control system (RCS) to apply the

corrective and preventive decisions, which has been made in cognition level, to themonitored system. Big Data Lake - With the changing face of business and IT sector, capturingand storage of data has emerged into a sophisticated system. The big data lakeallows an organization to shift its focus from centralized control to a shared modelto respond to the changing dynamics of information management. This enablesquick segregation of data into the data lake thereby reducing the overhead time. TECHNOLOGIES Big data requires exceptional technologies to efficiently process large quantitiesof data within tolerable elapsed times. A 2011 McKinsey report suggests suitabletechnologies include A/B testing, crowdsourcing, data fusion and integration, geneticalgorithms, machine learning, natural language processing, signal processing,simulation, time series analysis and visualisation. Multidimensional big data can alsobe represented as tensors, which can be more efficiently handled by tensor-basedcomputation, such as multilinear subspace learning.Additional technologies beingapplied to big data include massively parallel-processing (MPP) databases, search-based applications, data mining, distributed file systems, distributed databases,cloud based infrastructure (applications, storage and computing resources) and theInternet. APPLICATIONS Big data has increased the demand of information management specialists in thatSoftware AG, Oracle Corporation, IBM, Microsoft, SAP,EMC, HP and Dell havespent more than $15 billion on software firms specializing in data management andanalytics. In 2010, this industry was worth more than $100 billion and was growingat almost 10 percent a year: about twice as fast as the software business as a whole. Government The use and adoption of Big Data, within governmental processes, is beneficialand allows efficiencies in terms of cost, productivity and innovation. That said, thisprocess does not come without its flaws. Data analysis often requires multiple partsof government (central and local) to work in collaboration and create new andinnovative processes to deliver the desired outcome. Below are the thought leadingexamples within the Governmental Big Data space. United States of America In 2012, the Obama administration announced the Big Data Research andDevelopment Initiative, to explore how big data could be used to address importantproblems faced by the government. The initiative is composed of 84 different bigdata programs spread across six departments.

· Big data analysis played a large role in Barack Obama’s successful 2012 re-election campaign.· The United States Federal Government owns six of the ten most powerfulsupercomputers in the world.· The Utah Data Center is a data center currently being constructed by the UnitedStates National Security Agency. When finished, the facility will be able to handle alarge amount of information collected by the NSA over the Internet. The exactamount of storage space is unknown, but more recent sources claim it will be onthe order of a fewexabytes.India· Big data analysis was, in parts, responsible for the BJP and its allies to win a highlysuccessful Indian General Election 2014.· The Indian Government utilises numerous techniques to ascertain how the Indianelectorate is responding to government action, as well as ideas for policy augmentationUnited KingdomExamples of good uses of big data in public services:· Data on prescription drugs: By connecting origin, location and the time of eachprescription, a research unit were able to exemplify the considerable delay betweenthe release of any given drug, and a UK wide adaptation of the National Institute forHealth and Care Excellence guidelines. This suggests that new/most up to datedrugs take some time to filter through to the general patient.· Joining up data: The weather challenges in Winter 2014 a local authority blendeddata about services, such as road gritting rotas, with services for people at risk,such as ‘meals on wheels’. The connection of data allowed the local authority toavoid any weather related delay.Technology· eBay.com uses two data warehouses at 7.5 petabytes and 40PB as well as a 40PBHadoop cluster for search, consumer recommendations, and merchandising. InsideeBay’s 90PB data warehouseAmazon.com handles millions of back-end operations every day, as well as queriesfrom more than half a million third-party sellers. The core technology that keepsAmazon running is Linux-based and as of 2005 they had the world’s three largestLinux databases, with capacities of 7.8 TB, 18.5 TB, and 24.7 TB.· Facebook handles 50 billion photos from its user base.So with the above all points and concerns we can assume that BIG DATA is a veryBIG and interesting field of study with an exponentially high growth.

e-Governance e-Governance or Electronic Governance is the application of Information andCommunication Technology (ICT) to run or carry on the business of the governmentof a country. Through e-governance government services will be made available tocitizens in a convenient efficient and transparent manner. Three main target group thatcan be distinguished in governance concepts are government, citizens and business/internal groups. In e-governance there are no distinct boundaries. Generally, four basicmodels are available, these aregovernment to citizen (customer),government to employees,government to government andgovernment to business. The object of e-governance is to provide aSMART government. TheAcronym SMART refers toSimple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, Responsible and Transparent Government. Speed, CostReduction, Transparency, Accountability is the main advantageof E-governance. ICT makes communication speeders;internet phones have reducedthe times taken in normal communication. Paper based communication needs lotsof stationary, printers etc. which calls for heavy expenditure. ICT makescommunication cheaper saving valuable money for the government. The use ofICT makes government transparent. All the information of the government wouldhave made available on the internet. The citizen can see the information wheneverthey want to see. But it is only possible when every piece ofinformation of thegovernment is uploaded on the internet and available for the public peruse. E-Governance is one of the most useful way for corruption free government. In India e-governance concept start while the department electronics wasestablished in 1970. The subsequent of National Informatics Centre (NIC) in 1977was the first major step towards e-governance in India as it brought informationand its communication in focus. In the year 1980 a few numbers of governmentoffices had computers but they were mostly used “word processing”. Graduallywith the introduction of better software’s, computers were put to other uses Like managing database and processing information. Latter many governmentdepartments using ICT with the help of NIC for number of applications like trackingmovement of papers and files; monitoring development programs, employee’s payroll etc. in 1999, the union ministry of information technology was created, then, inthe year 2000, q-20-point minimum agenda for e-governance was created by thegovernment for implementation in all the union government ministries/departmentsome of agenda item mention below which is run in our country till today.

1.Each ministry/department should have own website.2. All acts, rules, circulars must be converted into electronic form and along withother published material of interest or relevance to public should be made availableon the internet and be accessible from the information and facilitation counter.3. Each ministry/department should start using the office procedure automationsoftware development by NIC with a view to keeping record of receipt date, issueof letters, as well as movement of files in the department.4. Each ministry/department must provide PC’s with necessary software up tosection level officer. In addition, Local Area Network (LAN) must also be setup.5. Pay roll accounting and other home keeping software should be put to use inday-to-day operations. With regard to Assam, the state government has initiated many in e-governanceproject including electronic roll computerization system. Online tender information,GRIHA LAKSHI-computerized public distribution system ; SAPATH affidavitsmanagements system, PRITHVI GEOGRAPHICAL SYSTEM- all districtboundaries of Assam has been digitized, ANUSHARAWAN computerized circleoffice to DC office monthly reporting system, NATHI-AWASTHITI- file monitoringsystem that tracks the movement of files in various government department etc. onthe other hand e-district project is an important enhancement of state’s e-governanceimplementation of program. This is mission mode project(MMP) under national e-governance plan (NEGP) founded by the government India. E-district providessupport to the district administration to enable the citizen services, which is optionallyunitize the Assam State WideArea Network (ASWAN)and state date Centre atGuwahati to deliver service holders. Assam government has chosen two districtsSonitpur and Goalpara for the plot implementation of the project. Assam ElectronicDevelopment Corporation Limited (AMTRON) AND National Informatics Centre(NIC) is the nodal agency of government for implementation various state andnational level project related to e-governance which are running in our state. It for their initiatives that many of our state government department like tax,agriculture, revenue, Labour and employment, police, power etc. arte starting e-governance project recently. On upcoming days, if all the scheme related to e-governance properly willimplement in Assam, it will make job opportunity for the computer engineeringdegree/diploma holder. Nabajyoti Sarma (Batch: 2008-2011) Employee: Labour & Employment Deptt. Govt. of Assam

CYBER WORLDAND CRIMEThe cyber world is the world of onlinecomputers and communication. Cyber world is India has 42 millionan environment for online computing. The Internetis the core system of cyber world. People can cyber crime victimshardly survive without the Internet these days. every year. India isAccording to Internet Live Stats, around 40% increasinglyof the world population has an internet connection becoming a hub oftoday. In 1995, it was less than 1%. The number cyber crime (bothof internet users has increased tenfold from 1999to 2013. The first billionwas reached in 2005, the individual andsecond billion in 2010 and the third billion in 2014.In India, approximate no. of internet users up to company) resultingJuly 2014 is 243,198,922. in a huge loss ofAs the benefit of the Internet increase, the money andrisk has increased as well, because the Internet is reputation. Indiansso easily accessible to anyone. Information are the 3rd largesttechnology has definitely made life easier for the group of phishingpeople, although internet can be great tool, but inmany cases it can also be used as a weapon. I am victims in the world.writing this article about cyber crime and its effects.Cyber crime is a kind of crime thathappens in the world of computers and the internet. It is growing steadily and manypeople have become victim of hacking, theft, malicious software etc. There aremainly three types of cyber crime, these are individual, property and government.Lotsof world leading companies, banks became victim of cyber attack. As crimesagainst government are referred cyber terrorism, we should aware of above twotypes of cyber crime (individual & property).

Many of us might think that all I uploading personal information, usingdo is use my computer for school/ antivirus software it can be reduce attackcollege work, updating my social of viruses and worms.networking status, posting pictures,chatting with friends, why should anyone India has 42 million cyber crimego after me. But simply by connecting victims every year. India is increasinglyto the Internet, we are marking ourselves becoming a hub of cyber crime (botha potential target of criminals. You may individual and company) resulting in abe the specific target or you may be one huge loss of money and reputation.of random attack. No matter their races, Indians are the 3rd largest group ofgender or age, anyone can be affected phishing victims in the world.by cyber-attack. So it is now moreimportant for parents, teens and young As someone said that “bytes arechildren to be aware while online. As we replacing bullet in the cyber crimetoday growing up in a rapidly evolving world”. There will always new challengescyber world, it increases the risks of to stay ahead of cyber criminals. Theretheft, fraud and abuse. We all need to is much we can do to ensure a safe andtake precaution. All we need to learn secure computing environment. Wecyber hygiene.To fight against cyber should have proper knowledge of cybercrime starts in our very own home such technology and its uses, cyber laws,as we should not reply any email from awareness of cyber security,unknown person, we should learn to consciousness while using Internet.report spam mails to the email server,we should have proper knowledge of Kamal Haloiprivacy in social networking site while On behalf of CYBER FOCUS www.cyberfocus.in

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