e-complit

Standing (from left) Abdul Barek, Shantanu Roy, Boikuntha ThakuriaSitting (from left) Prakriti Prava Das, Dr. Hitesh Tahbildar, Plabita Borbora, Maushumi Lahon

Dedication This magazine is dedicated to all the new faces ofAssam who keeps the power to merge Assam to the newtechnical world. We also hope that this magazine will be a stepforward in this regard.

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CONTENTS:From the Desk of the Principal………………….…………………. 08From the Desk of the Advisor……………………………………… 09From the Desk of Mechanical Engineering Department…………… 10Science & Technology: …………………………………………… 11 12  Space Facts ……………………………………………… 21  New Horizons mission to Pluto………………………… 24  3. The \"Wow!\" Signal……………………………………. 26  The ‘Li-Fi’ and ‘Gigapixel’ Technology…………………… 30  Top Ten Modern Gadgets That Changed Our Lives……… 33  Wearable Glasses and 360 Degree Vision………………... 35  Neurocam the Next Level Google Glass………………….. 36  Working with Linux……………………………………… 39  Notepad Like PRO……………………………………….. 43  Latest Upcoming Mobiles……………………………….. 56Literature: ………………………………………………………… 57  The Station……………………………………………… 57  About My Life…………………………………………… 58  Journey of My Life……………………………………… 59  Immortal Wonders of My Life………………………….. 59  Love Never Ends………………………………………... 60  Bisheh Bhabe Akhyom………………………………….. 60  Bhal Pao Tomak………………………………………… 61  Chandmari……………………………………………… 61  Chah……………………………………………………. 62  Janahunyota Moi Bhal Pao……………………………... 63  Let’s Find Out What Computer Science / 66 Engineering /Application Is all about…………………… 70 71  Teaching Aid for CPU Scheduling Algorithms…………...  Humanity – From A Deeper Insight……………………..  Some Interesting Facts on India…………………………

 Software Technology Parks in India…………………… 76  Forbidden Love ………………………………………… 78  Romanchokor Ehoptah………………………………… 79  Lokhimi………………………………………………… 83  Aantorjatik Nari Diboh………………………………… 85  Hikhya Aaru Jiwonor Lakshya…………………………. 87  Girl’s Education………………………………………... 88Guest Section : ………………………………………………..... .. 89  Pahoribo Nowara Muhurta @AEI……………………... 90  Big Data………………………………………………… 92  E-Governance……...……...……...……...……...…….. 97  Cyber World and Crime……...……...……...…….......... 99Photography: ……..……...……...……...……...……...……...…. 102Our Students: ……...……...……...……...……...……...……...... 116CREDITANTIAL: ……...……...……...……...……...……...….. 118

From the Desk of the PrincipalI am very happy to know that the Computer Engg. Department ofAssam Engineering Institute is going to Publish 1st Edition of e -magazine in the name of “Complit”. So I hope that the students and faculitis of the institution willput their own efforts to achive its objectives. I wich successful publication of the “Complit”.With warm regards A. C. Kalita Principal, AEI

From the Desk of the Advisor I feel privilege to know that the students of computer Engineeringdepartment is publishing the first e-magazine “CompLit.!!” for the year 2015.I believe that it will be a good source of knowledge, and it will help to bringout the hidden latent of students in every field specially in InformationTechnology. I wish for the success of the electronic publication. (Dr. Hitesh Tahbildar) HOD, Computer Engineering Dept. Assam Engineering Institute, Chandmari, Guwahati-03.

From the Desk of Mechanical Engineerning Department I feel very much proud that our computer Engineering students aregoing to publish their E-Magazine “CompLit.!!” For the first time. I expressmy sincere gratitude to all the faculties, students, and staff involved inthis E-Magazine. Thanks Gautam Barman HOD, Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Science &Technology

Space FactsWhat is Space?Space is everything in the universe beyond the top of the Earth’s atmosphere – theMoon, where the GPS satellites orbit, Mars, other stars, the Milky Way, blackholes, and distant quasars. Space also means what’s between planets, moons, stars,etc. – it’s the near-vacuum otherwiseknown as the interplanetary medium, theinterstellar medium, the inter-galacticmedium, the intra-cluster medium, etc.; inother words, it’s very low density gas orplasma (‘space physics’ is, in fact, just abranch of plasma physics!). But you really want to know what spaceis, don’t you? You’re asking about the thingthat’s like time, or mass. And one simple, but profound, answerto the question “What is space?” is “thatwhich you measure with a ruler”. And whyis this a profound answer? Because thinking about it lead Einstein to develop firstthe theory of special relativity, and then the theory of general relativity. And thosetheories overthrew an idea that was built into physics since before the time ofNewton (and built into philosophy too); namely, the idea of absolute space (andtime). It turns out that space isn’t something absolute, something you could, inprinciple, measure with lots of rulers (and lots of time), and which everyone elsewho did the same thing would agree with you on. Space, in the best theory of physics on this topic we have today – Einstein’stheory of general relativity (GR) – is a component of space-time, which can bedescribed very well using the math in GR, but which is difficult to envision with our

naïve intuitions. In other words, “What is space?” is a question I can’t really answer,in the short space I have in this Guide to Space article. Indian Space Research organization (ISRO) The Indian Space Research organization(ISRO) is the space agency of the Indiangovernment. Its vision is to “harness spacetechnology for national development, while pursuingspace science research and planetary exploration”. Formed in 1969, ISRO superseded the erstwhileIndian National Committee for Space Research(INCOSPAR),which was established in 1962 by theefforts of independent India’s first PrimeMinisterPanditJawaharlal Nehru and his closeaide.Vikram Sarabhai. ISRO built India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the SovietUnion on 19 April in 1975. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed inorbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed twoother rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites intopolar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placingsatellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerouscommunications satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systemslike GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO successfullyused an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14. On 22 October 2008, ISRO sent its first mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan-1.On 5 November 2013, ISRO launched its Mars Orbiter Mission, which successfullyentered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014, making India the first nation to succeedon its first attempt, and ISRO the fourth space agency in the world. Future plansinclude development of GSLV Mk III development of a reusable launch vehicle,

human spaceflight, further lunar exploration,interplanetary probes, a solar spacecraftmission, etc.Formative years of (ISRO): Modern space research in India is most visibly traced to the 1920s, when the scientist S. K. Mitra conducted a series of experiments leading to the sounding of the ionosphere by application of ground based radio methods in Calcutta. Organized space research in India was spearheaded by two scientists: Vikram Sarabhai— founder of the Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad—and Homi Bhabha, who established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1945. Initial experiments in space sciences included the study of cosmic radiation, highDr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father altitude and airborne testing of instruments, deepof India’s Space Programme. underground experimentation at the Kolar mines— one of the deepest mining sites in the world –and studies of the upper atmosphere. The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was set up in1962 by Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister. It had Dr. Vikram Sarabhai asits chairman. The first rocket launch into space from Indian soil took place on 21November 1963 under the leadership of project scientist Dr. Praful Bhavsar.INCOSPAR eventually grew into ISRO in 1969.Goals and objectives: “ There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developingnation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy ofcompeting with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the Moonor the planets or manned space-flight. But we are convinced that if we are to playa meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be secondto none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of manand society. “ Dr Vikram Sarabhai is considered as the father of Indian Space Programme. Hesaid- The former Indian President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam said:

“ Many individuals with myopic vision questioned the relevance of spaceactivities in a newly independent nation, which was finding it difficult to feed itspopulation. Their vision was clear if Indians were to play meaningful role in thecommunity of nations, they must be second to none in the application of advancedtechnologies to their real-life problems. They had no intention of using it as ameans of displaying our might. “ India’s economic progress has made its space Programme more visible andactive as the country aims for greater self-reliance in space technology. In 2008India launched as many as 11 satellites, including nine from other countries andwent on to become the first nation to launch 10 satellites on one rocket.ISRO hassuccessfully put into operation two major satellite systems: Indian National Satellites(INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellitesfor management of natural resources. On July 2012, the former President, Dr. A. P.J. Abdul Kalam said that research was being done by ISRO and DRDO fordeveloping cost reduction technologies for access to space. Launch vehicle fleet: Comparison of Indian carrier rockets.Left to right: SLV, ASLV, PSLV, GSLV,GSLV Mk.III. During the 1960s and 1970s, Indiainitiated its own launch vehicleProgramme owing to geopolitical andeconomic considerations. In the 1960s–1970s, the country successfully developeda sounding rockets programme, and bythe 1980s, research had yielded theSatellite Launch Vehicle-3 and the more advancedAugmented Satellite Launch Vehicle(ASLV), complete with operational supporting infrastructure. ISRO further applied

its energies to the advancement of launch vehicle technology resulting in the creationof PSLV and GSLV technologies.Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV):The Satellite Launch Vehicle, usually known by its abbreviation SLV or SLV-3 wasa 4-stage solid-propellant light launcher. It was intended to reach a height of 500 kmand carry a payload of 40 kg. Its first launch took place in 1979 with 2 more in eachsubsequent year, and the final launch in 1983. Only two of its four test flights weresuccessful.Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV):The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle, usually known by its abbreviation ASLVwas a 5-stage solid propellant rocket with the capability of placing a 150 kg satelliteinto Low Earth Orbit. This project was started by the ISRO during the early 1980sto develop technologies needed for a payload to be placed into a geostationaryorbit. Its design was based on Satellite Launch Vehicle. The first launch test washeld in 1987, and after that 3 others followed in 1988, 1992 and 1994, out of whichonly 2 were successful, before it was decommissioned.Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV):The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, usually known by its abbreviation PSLV, is anexpendable launch system developed to allow India to launch its Indian RemoteSensing (IRS) satellites into Sun synchronous orbits, a service that was, until theadvent of the PSLV, commercially viable only from Russia. PSLV can also launchsmall satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). The reliability and versatilityof the PSLV is proven by the fact that it has launched, as of 2014, 71 satellites/spacecraft (31 Indian and 40 foreign) into a variety of orbits.The maximum numberof satellites launched by the PSLV in a single launch is 10, in the PSLV-C9 launch

on 28 April 2008 (690 kg CARTOSAT-2A, 83 kg Indian Mini Satellite, and 8 nano-satellites, launched by PSLV’s “core-alone” version).LATEST INVENTIONS: 1. GSLV Successfully Launches India’s Latest Communication Satellite GSAT-6: In its ninth flight (GSLV-D6) conductedtoday, (August 27, 2015), India’sGeosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle,equipped with the indigenous CryogenicUpper Stage (CUS), successfullylaunched GSAT-6, the country’s latestcommunication satellite, into aGeosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).The achieved orbit is very close to theintended one. The launch took placefrom the Second Launch Pad at the SatishDhawan Space Centre SHAR (SDSCSHAR), Sriharikota, the spaceport ofIndia. This was the fifth developmental flight of GSLV and the third to carry theindigenous CUS. GSLV-D6 was intended to further test and qualify the CUSdeveloped by ISRO. In its oval shaped GTO, the GSAT-6 satellite is now orbiting the Earth with aperigee (nearest point to Earth) of 168 km and an apogee (farthest point to Earth) of 35,939 km with an orbital inclination of 20.01 deg with respect to the equator.After a smooth 29-hour countdown, the 416 tonne, 49 m tall GSLV-D6 carrying the2117 kg GSAT-6, lifted off at 16:52 Hrs IST. About seventeen minutes after lift-off, GSAT-6 was successfully placed in GTO.At 4.8 seconds before the countdown reached zero, the four liquid propellant strap-on stages of GSLV-D6, each carrying 42 tonne of liquid propellants, were ignited.At count zero and after confirming the normal performance of all the four strap-onmotors, the mammoth 139 tonne solid propellant first stage core motor wasignited and GSLV lifted off. The major phases of the flight included the core motorburn-out, strap on burn-out, ignition of the second stage, separation of the coremotor together with strap-ons, payload fairing separation, second stage separation,CUS ignition and its timely shut down after satisfactory performance. Followingthis, GSAT-6 separated from CUS about 17 minutes after launch.

Soon after its injection into GTO, the two solar arrays of GSAT-6 were automaticallydeployed and the Master Control Facility (MCF) at Hassan in Karnataka took controlof GSAT-6.In the coming days, GSAT-6’s orbit will be raised from its present GTO to the finalcircular Geostationary Orbit (GSO) by firing the satellite’s Liquid Apogee Motor(LAM) in stages. The satellite will be commissioned into service after the completionof orbit raising operations, deployment of its 6 m wide sieve shaped unfurlableantenna, the satellite’s positioning in its designated orbital slot of 83 degree Eastlongitude in the GSO and in-orbit testing of its communication payloads.Today’s flight of GSLV underscores the success of ISRO in mastering the highlycomplex cryogenic rocket propulsion technology. 2. Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalayaan): The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM),informally known as ‘Mangalayaan’was launched into Earth orbit on 5November 2013 by the Indian SpaceResearch Organization (ISRO) andhas entered Mars orbit on 24September 2014. India is the firstcountry to enter Mars orbit in firstattempt. It was completed at a recordcost of $74 million. MOM was successfully placed into Mars orbit on September 24, 2014 at 8:23AM IST. It has a highly elliptical orbit with a periapsis of 421.7 km and an apoapsis

of 76,993.6 km.The spacecraft had a launch mass of 1,337 kg, with 15 kg of fivescientific instruments as payload. 3. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark- III (GSLV III): First test launch of GSLV Mk III, with an unmanned crew module. Main article: GSLV III GSLV-Mk III can launch four tonne satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbit. It is a three-stage vehicle with a 110 tonne core liquid propellant stage and a strap- on stage with two solid propellant motors, each with 200 tonne propellant (S-200). The upper stage will be cryogenic with a propellant loading of 25 tonne (C-25). It has a lift-off mass of about 640 tonnes, and is 43.43 meters tall. The payload fairing has a diameter of 5 meters and a payload volume of 100 cubic meters. It will allow India tobecome less dependent on foreign rockets for heavy lifting.On 18 December 2014, ISRO successfully conducted an experimental test-flightof GSLV MK III carrying a crew module, to be used in future human space missions.This suborbital test flight demonstrated the performance of GSLV Mk III in theatmosphere. 4. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV):The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle,usually known by its abbreviation GSLV, is anexpendable launch system developed to enableIndia to launch its INSAT-type satellites intogeostationary orbit and to make India lessdependent on foreign rockets. At present, it isISRO’s second-heaviest satellite launch vehicleand is capable of putting a total payload of up to5 tons

to Low Earth Orbit. The vehicle is built by India with the cryogenic engine purchasedfrom Russia while the ISRO develops its own engine programme.In a setback for ISRO, the attempt to launch the GSLV, GSLV-F07 carrying GSAT-5P, failed on 25 December 2010. The initial evaluation implies that loss of controlfor the strap-on boosters caused the rocket to veer from its intended flight path,forcing a programmed detonation. Sixty-four seconds into the first stage of flight,the rocket began to break up due to the acute angle of attack. The body housing the3rd stage, the cryogenic stage, incurred structural damage, forcing the range safetyteam to initiate a programmed detonation of the rocket.SLV-D5 lifts off carrying GSAT-14 satellite.On 5 January 2014, GSLV-D5 successfully launched GSAT-14 into intended orbit.This also marked first successful flight using indigenous cryogenic engine, makingIndia the sixth country in the world to have this technology.

New Horizons mission to PlutoWhat is it -The New Horizons mission will help us understand worlds at the edge of our solarsystem by making the first reconnaissance of the planet Pluto and by venturingdeeper into the distant, mysterious Kuiper Belt - a relic of solar system formation.How it began - New Horizons launched on Jan. 19, 2006; it swung past Jupiter for a gravityboost and scientific studies in February 2007, and will conduct a five-month-longreconnaissance flyby study of Pluto and its moons in summer 2015. Pluto closestapproach is scheduled for July 14, 2015. As part of an extended mission, thespacecraft is expected to head farther into the Kuiper Belt to examine one or twoof the ancient, icy mini-worlds in that vast region, at least a billion miles beyondNeptune's orbit. Sending a spacecraft on this long journey will help us answer basic questionsabout the surface properties, geology, interior makeup and atmospheres on thesebodies.Why it is needed - The National Academy of Sciences has ranked the exploration of the KuiperBelt - including Pluto - of the highest priority for solar system exploration. Gener-ally, New Horizons seeks to understand where Pluto and its moons \"fit in\" with theother objects in the solar system, such as the inner rocky planets (Earth, Mars,Venus and Mercury) and the outer gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Nep-tune). Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, belong to a third category known as \"icedwarfs.\" They have solid surfaces but, unlike the terrestrial planets, a significantportion of their mass is icy material. Using Hubble Space Telescope images, NewHorizons team members have discovered four previously unknown moons of Pluto:Nix, Hydra, Styx and Kerberos. A close-up look at these worlds from a spacecraft promises to tell an incrediblestory about the origins and outskirts of our solar system. New Horizons also willexplore - for the first time - how ice dwarf planets like Pluto and Kuiper Belt bodieshave evolved over time.

The United States has been the first nation to reach every planet from Mercury toNeptune with a space probe. If New Horizons is successful, it will allow the U.S.to complete the initial reconnaissance of the solar system.About the team -Principal Investigator Dr. Alan Stern, of Southwest Research Institute (SwRI),leads the mission team. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Labora-tory (APL) manages the mission for NASA, and designed, built and operates thespacecraft. SwRI is responsible for science payload operations, and data reduc-tion and archiving, and participates in the science team. The mission team alsoincludes KinetX, Inc. (navigation team), Ball Aerospace Corporation, the BoeingCompany, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Jet Propulsion Labora-tory, Stanford University, Lockheed Martin Corporation, University of Colorado,the U.S. Department of Energy and a number of other firms, NASA centers anduniversity partners.

About Mission -In January 19, 2006, New Horizons spacecraft lifts off from Cape Canaveral, Florida- the fastest spacecraft ever launched.New Horizons gets a gravity assist from Jupiter and gathers unique, exciting sci-ence data on the giant planet and its moons.Reconnaissance begins about 200 days before the spacecraft's closest approachto Pluto.Exploration of the Pluto system begins with a 6-month intensive study to under-stand these mysterious worlds. On July 14, New Horizons will make its closestapproach to Pluto and its moons.2017-2020: With NASA approval, the spacecraft will be directed toward one ormore Kuiper Belt Objects beyond Pluto.About the Ship -ο Ralph: Visible and infrared imager/spectrometer; provides color, compositionand thermal maps.o Alice: Ultraviolet imaging spectrometer; analyses composition and structure ofPluto's atmosphere and looks for atmospheres around Charon and Kuiper BeltObjects (KBOs).o REX (Radio Science Experiment): Measures atmospheric composition and tem-perature; passive radiometer.o LORRI (Long Range Reconnaissance Imager): Telescopic camera; obtainsencounter data at long distances, maps Pluto's far side and provides high resolu-tion geologic data.o SWAP (Solar Wind Around Pluto): Solar wind and plasmaspectrometer; measures atmospheric \"escape rate\" and observes Pluto's interac-tion with solar wind.o PEPSSI (Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation): Ener-getic particle spectrometer; measures the composition and density of plasma (ions)escaping from Pluto's atmosphere.o VBSDC (Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter): Built and operated by studentsat University of Colorado; measures the space dust peppering New Horizons dur-ing its voyage across the solar system.

The “Wow!” signalThe Big Ear Radio Telescope From the beginning of the human race, we all are searching for our roots, thestarting point of our biological evolution. Many scientists, astronomers, philoso-phers or many more scholars had been searching the answers of the questions,\"What was there before the universe had created?\", \"Where do we belong to?\", \"Isthere any other world where life may be present?\". We also developed many tech-nologies to find the answers of these questions. Technologies or gadgets like the\"KEPLER mission\", \"HUBBLE telescope\", \"the APOLLO\", \"the VOYAGER\"are some of the great work of human race to study the space outside the earth. As like as the missions mentioned above, the SETI project is a great stepforward taken by humans. The abbreviation \"SETI\" stands for the Search forExtraterrestrial Intelligence. From 1896, many scientists starting from Nicola Tesla,Guglielmo Marconi, Lord Kelvin, and David Peck Todd to the most recent StephenWilliam Hawking and Yuri Milner have been searching the signal or proofs of theextraterrestrial (lives of another planet or Aliens) activities. On August 15, 1977, Block diagram of the Big Ear TelescopeJerry R. Ehman, while work-ing on a SETI project at the\"Big Ear Radio Telescope\"of the Ohio State University,laterally located at OhioWesleyan University'sPerkins Observatory in Dela-ware, Ohio detected a strongnarrowband radio signal. Thesignal bore the expected hall-

marks of non-terrestrial and non-solar system origin. The signal appears to comefrom the northwest of the globular cluster of M55 in the constellation Sagittarius,near the Chi Sagittarii star group.The entire signal last for the full 72 seconds window that Big Ear was able toobserve it, but has not been detected again. The signal has been the subject ofsignificant media attention, and astronomers have tried many times in vain to find the signal again. Impressed by the rela- tive resemblance of the expected sig- nature of an interstellar signal in the an- tenna used, Ehman circled the signal on the computer printout and wrote the comment \"Wow!\" on its side, which became the name of the signal itself. The circled alphanumeric code \"6EQUJ5\" describe the intensity varia-The computer printout tion of the signal. Each character rep- resents 12 seconds (by 10 kHz). Aspace denotes an intensity between 0 and 1, the numbers 1 to 9 denote the corre-spondingly numbered intensities (from 1.0 to 9.9), and intensities of 10.0 and aboveare denoted by a letter ('A' corresponds to intensities between 10.0 and 11.0, 'B' to11.0 to 12.0, etc.). The value 'U' (an intensity between 30.0 and 31.0) was thehighest detected by the radio telescope; on a linear scale, it was over 30 timeslouder than normal deep space. The intensity in this case is the unitless signal-to-noise ratio, where noise was averaged for that band over the previous few minutes. Two different values for its frequency have been given: 1420.356 MHz (J. D.Kraus) and 1420.4556 MHz (J. R. Ehman). The frequency of the Wow! Signalmatches very closely with the hydrogen line, which is at 1420.40575177 MHz. Thehydrogen line frequency is significant for SETI searchers because, it is reasoned,hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, and hydrogen resonates atabout 1420.40575177 MHz, so extraterrestrials might use that frequency to trans-mit a strong signal. The two different values given for the frequency of the Wow!signal (1420.356 MHz and 1420.4556 MHz) are the same distance apart from thehydrogen line - the first being about 0.0498 MHz (49.75177 kHz) less than thehydrogen line, and the second about 0.0498 MHz (49.84823 kHz) more. The band-width of the signal is less than 10 kHz (each column on the printout corresponds toa 10 kHz-wide channel; the signal is present in only one column). The originalprintout of the Wow! signal, complete with Jerry Ehman's famous exclamation, ispreserved by the Ohio Historical Society.

The ‘Li-Fi’and ‘Gigapixel’TechnologyIn today's rapidly growing world of technology, digital equipment or various kinds of communicating devices are some of the most essential things in everyday life. As well as those devices, communicating media are also muchmore important to communicate with the out-side world to avail the services like e-marketing, This OWC technologysocial networking, e-learning and many more. uses light from light emit-Therefore, various kinds of networking topolo- ting diodes (LEDs) as agies and techniques are developed to give the medium to deliver net-users a faster and better experience. But, as the worked, mobile, high-demand for the speed, the amount of data and a speed communication in abetter graphical experience is increasing day by similar manner to Wi-Fi.day, a huge requirement of new ideas for com- This Visible Light Com-munication arises all over the world. As a result munications (VLC) worksof which technologies like the \"Li-Fi\" and the by switching bulbs on andidea of \"Giga Pixel\" has been developed. off within nanoseconds,The ‘Li-Fi’ Technology: which is too quickly to be noticed by the human eye. Although Li-Fi bulbs would have to be kept on to transmit data, the bulbs could be dimmed to the point that they were not visible to humans and yet still functional. The light waves cannot penetrate walls which makes a much shorter range, though moreProfessor Harald Haas, from the University secure from hacking, rela-of Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognized as tive to Wi-Fi. Direct line ofthe original founder of Li-Fi. Haas promoted this sight isn't necessary for Li-technology in his 2011 TED (Technology, En- Fi to transmit a signal;tertainment, Design) Global talk and helped starta company to market it. Li-Fi is bidirectional, light reflected from wallshigh speed and fully networked wireless com- can achieve 70 Mbit/S.munication similar to Wi-Fi. It is a subset of Optical Wireless Communication(OWC) and can be compliment to RF communication (Wi-Fi or Cellular network),or a replacement in contexts of data broadcasting. It uses visible light communica-tion or infra-red and near ultraviolet (instead of radio frequency waves) spectrum,

part of OWC technology, which carries much more information, and has beenproposed as a solution to the RF-bandwidth limitations. PureLi-Fi, formerlyPureVLC, is an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) firm set up to commer-cialize Li-Fi products for integration with existing LED lighting systems. In April2014, the Russian company StinsComan announced the development of a Li-Fiwireless local network called BeamCaster. Their current module transfers data at1.25 gigabytes per second (GB/S) but foresee boosting speed up to 5 GB/S in thenear future. This OWC technology uses light from light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a mediumto deliver networked, mobile, high-speed communication in a similar manner toWi-Fi. This Visible Light Communications (VLC) works by switching bulbs onand off within nanoseconds, which is too quickly to be noticed by the human eye.Although Li-Fi bulbs would have to be kept on to transmit data, the bulbs could bedimmed to the point that they were not visible to humans and yet still functional.The light waves cannot penetrate walls which makes a much shorter range, thoughmore secure from hacking, relative to Wi-Fi. Direct line of sight isn't necessary forLi-Fi to transmit a signal; light reflected from walls can achieve 70 Mbit/S.

Like Wi-Fi, Li-Fi uses similar 802.11 protocol; but it uses Visible Light Commu-nication (instead of radio frequency waves), which has much wider bandwidth.One part of VLC is modeled after communication protocols established by theIEEE 802 workgroup. However, the IEEE 802.15.7 standard is out-of-date, it failsto consider the latest technological developments in the field of optical wirelesscommunication, specifically with the introduction of Optical Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing (O-OFDM) modulation methods which have been optimizedfor data rates, multiple-access and energy efficiency. The introduction of O-OFDMmeans that a new drive for standardization of optical wireless communications isrequired. Li-Fi has the advantage of being useful in electromagnetic sensitive areas suchas in aircraft cabins, hospitals and nuclear power plants without causing electro-magnetic interference. Both Wi-Fi and Li-Fi transmit data over the electromagneticspectrum, but whereas Wi-Fi utilizes radio waves, Li-Fi uses visible light. While theUS Federal Communications Commission has warned of a potential spectrumcrisis because Wi-Fi is close to full capacity, Li-Fi has almost no limitations oncapacity. The visible light spectrum is 10,000 times larger than the entire radiofrequency spectrum. Researchers have reached data rates of over 10 Gbit/S, whichis more than 250 times faster than superfast broadband. Li-Fi is expected to be theten times cheaper than Wi-Fi. Short range, low reliability and high installation costsare the potential downsides. The ‘Gigapixel’ technology: A gigapixel image is a digital image bitmap composed of one billion (109)pixels (picture elements), 1000 times the information captured by a 1 megapixeldigital camera. Current technology for creating such very high-resolution imagesusually involves either making mosaics of a large number of high-resolution digitalphotographs or using a film negative as large as 12'' × 9'' (30 cm × 23 cm) up to18'' × 9'' (46 cm × 23 cm), which is then scanned with a high-end large-format filmscanner with at least 3000 dpi resolution. Only a few cameras are capable of creat-ing a gigapixel image in a single sweep of a scene, such as the Pan-STARRS PS1and the Gigapixel Camera.

A gigamacro image which is a close up or macro image. Gigapixel images may be of particular interest to the following: * Artists * Astronomers * Curators and art historians, to better study artworks * Genealogists * Paleantologists * Geologists * Entomologists * Health care providers, such as pathologists, for virtual microscopy utilizingwhole slide images (digitally scanned glass microscope slides, also called virtualslides) * Physicists viewing the result of supercomputer simulations * Viewers of satellite composite images for various purposes, including agricul-tural policy, land use planning and military intelligence * Visual effects industry, where gigapixel images can enable the creation ofimmersive digital environments.

Top Ten Modern Gadgets That Changed Our Lives It is impossible to deny that we are now well and truly in the digital age. Resis-tance is futile.Ambitious if slightly extra ordinary concepts in film such as Torn,Blade Runner,back to the future and more recently I, Robot gave us a 'glimpse' ofwhat the future may hold but hoe fare away are we really from witnessing the ideasof these over stimulated directors come to fruition? Unfortunately, we are still some way off being able to pop the shop on a MartyMacfy Mattelhover board, but that is not for the want of trying. Many designs andprototypes have been made but none have come to close of reproducing the expe-rience depicted in the film. The idea of human built robots uprising and attemptingto overthrow their creators is nothing new and the Japanese are currently leadingtheir way in designing and building early life like robots, but the thread of a rebel-lion is about as likely as a DeLorean actually travelling back to the future. SO WHAT GADGETS ARE READILY AVAILABLE TO US??? To first understand this, we must consider how they have come about Consum-erism and the modern way of living have demanded that our gadgets operate in acertain way, as the following are expected from them: Information/labor saver - A gadget must either make menial work easier, or pro-vide us with information. * Efficiency-Speaks for itself. * Speed-If it is going to take longer than doing it the old fashioned way thenwhat is the point? * Compactness/Mobility-No gadget can really honor that title if does not at leasthave mobilecounterpart. * Look-It needs to look cool, futuristic and mysterious. The key which has already been mentioned is digital. Watches were digitalizedthen along came the internet then radio and television were given the digital treat-ment. So below is alist of top 10 gadgets that can truly claimed to have changedour lives or the way we interact with our environment and other people.

Paved the way for the 3D and PS vistas of today and made school bus journeys and rainy lunch times a pleasant experience after all. Nothing like it have been never seen be fore and although the graphics were shady (pun intended) it was the 1st step of a revolution in mobile game play. From early models to latest iPod touch, Apple truly reinvented the way in which we listen to and have access to music. Gone are the days of having a carry to a boom box like a bazooka in your shoulder or a carry case do your favorite CD's along with a UN pocket friendly Walkman/CD player. The latest Touch boast face time, HD video recording, retina display, air play, music + iTunes, games + apps, iOS, iCloud, air print and voice control. Perhaps not talking off as individual gadgets in its own right the birth of the webcam certainly influenced the modern technology is built today. Very few laptops are now made without a built-in webcam, and the cameras on phone are utilized to allow video calling. It meant that computer software such as Skype allows meetings to be held over long distances, and friends, and familycan stay in touch in a more personal way than then just being able to hear theirvoice. Satnavs and tom-tom have more or less made the road map redundant which is all you can ask from a modern gadget. Gone are days of sitting on the side of the road whilst Dad spreads his A3 map on the car hood. They are fun too with downloadable celebrity voices allowing the likes of Homer Simpson to franti- cally tell you which turn to take. Considered as better option as iPod, and unlike its apple coun- terpart, the 7-inch touch screen gadget supports flash as well as voice and video calls. Completely re-imagining the laptop, tablets, kindles and the like are becoming more powerful and more com- pact with each new release and the possibilities and use of them are all but endless.

A technology that has almost snuck up on us like a highly trained ninja, Bluetooth has now become so mainstream and synonymous with 21st century it is a wonder how we ever lived without it. The application for it are endless, allowing usto wirelessly transmit data between phones, PCs, TVs and even allows us towirelessly us our phones whilst driving, meaning Bluetooth can help avoid an un-wanted run-in with the boys in blue. Although it must be said that photos produced from a Polaroid retain a certain charm, it certainly was not fun when you realized that the film was full, and a trip to go and get it developed was required. Now you can take countless photos and not only view them instantly, but have them uploaded and printed within an in- stant, and the quality of picture keeps on improving. All from the comfort of your armchair, the remote control al- lows you to tell sky + HD box to pause live TV if the double glazing salesman decides to pay a visit just as it looks like your football team is about to concede, then fast forward to real time so that you don't have to witness it. It allows you to rewind, record other program whilst you watch something else, record whole se-ries and view it all in Spectacular High Definition. We all remember a time when we would visit our Nan and she would still have an old black and white box tally. Well not any- more. Flat screen digital and now 3D TV is literally staring you square in your face. Already incorporated in most cinemas, 3D technology, whilst a perhaps still in early stage of development is a very exciting prospect indeed. Android, iPhone and Smartphone's have literally redefined the way we live. Now, a mobile does not simply make calls, take photos, and allow us to play snake. They can talk to each other, to laptops, to TVs to pretty much anything with a digital pulse. You can watch films on them, have instant access to YouTube and Face book, plat proper games, store all of your music, andmany more and this is just the tip of the iceberg.

Wearable Glasses and 360 Degree Vision Disruptive technologies havea way to get through from Sci-Fi to market success in fewyears, witness mirrorlesscameras. A few observersforesee the same for GoogleGlass, the wearable glass get-ting mainstream this year: shallwe kiss goodbye our smartphones? I would shed no tears.This is a preliminary article any-way: We'll see how things panout. For the moment this ismore an inventory of links thanan assessment but I have no doubts that wearable technology is already taking longstrides. For the moment universal use seems hardly likely except for the affluent, withGoogle glass spelling to a selected few at $ 1500 as part of the Google explorerprogram. Google has just expanded to Britain the Explorer Program selling theglass for UKP 1000, offering in the meanwhile new glass frames that would becompatible with prescription lenses in the UK. SMARTY RINGS Revolution has begun to come in the world of Electronic devices. From GoogleGlass to smart watches, wearable computing devices are clearly alatest trend and itappears that everyone has wearable concepts for days to come. Smarty ring is oneof the latest wearing devices.Smart ring is a wearable ring that allows you to con-trol your digital life right from your finger. But what exactly is the smarty ring andwhat does it do????

Smarty ring is a wearable ring which is the first of its kind and has beendevised to allow his users to check alerts from their Smartphone's and managecalls right from their fingertips using Bluetooth 4.0 connectivity; it ensures that youdon't miss any significant text or any face book update. I t has some pretty notablefeatures like the users can manage can manage the settings for their smarty ringfrom a mobile app and even can use them a watch, timer or phone finder forinstance, if a user walks for more than 30 meter from his phone, the ring will beepto warn them. It is made of stainless steel and its battery lass for 24 hours. IT isalso made a wireless charging base which users may use to charge their smartyrings. It supports both android and iOS devices but they should have Bluetooth4.0 compatibilities. Some other specifications are: \" Call notifications \" SMS and email notifications \" Social media updates \" Accept or reject incoming calls \" Make outgoing calls' preset numbers \" Trigger camera \" Control music

Neurocam the Next Level Google Glass Neuron wear, a gadget project organized in Japan focused on creating \" C O M M U N I C AT I O N FOR THE NEAR FU- TURE\" which basically uses brainwaves, heart- beats and other biological signals to understand hu- man thoughts and emo- tions. Neurocam, the brain child of neurocam is a wearable camera systemthat detects user's emotions. It automatically record moments of interest based onan analysis of user brainwaves. The prototype of neuro webcam was demoed atHuman Sensing 2013 conference in Yokohama, Japan. Neurocam is a headband equipped to hold an iPhone next to the side of the headbehind the eyes of the wearer. The phone is fitted with a special prism so a cameracans record footage from the wearer's point of view. Neurocam uses EEG sen-sors. Electroencephalography (EEG) sensors record brain's spontaneous electri-cal activity over a short period of about 20-40 minutes using multiple electrodesplaced on the scalp. Neurocam gauges wearers interest on a scale of zero to 100,and interest is detected if brainwave read out top 60's and then it will start record-ing video and transform the footage into five seconds GIF's. Internet based advertising enables advertisers to reach user based on their in-ferred interest and demographics (e.g. 'sports enthusiasts'). Neurocam can deter-mine what is goods in stores interest people can also show what places people areinterested. Thus neurocam is a viable tool to improve interest based advertising sothe advertising titan Dentsu is now backing the neurocam via a joint venture calledDentsu Science Jam. A neurocam can also show what places people are interested;it can also be used for urban development. Google has also the similar idea of implementing the interest based ads on Googleglass but currently it does not have an advanced technologies like neurocam. IfGoogle and Neurocam ties up, Neurocam can be the NEXT LEVEL OF GOOGLEGLASS.

Working with LinuxWhat is Linux? Just like Windows XP, Windows7, Windows 8, and Mac OS X, Linux isan operating system. An operating systemis software that manages all of thehardware resources associated with yourdesktop or laptop. To put it simply – theoperating system manages thecommunication between your softwareand your hardware. Without the operatingsystem (often referred to as the “OS”),the software wouldn’t functionBasics of Linux: In March 1995, the 1.2 kernel was released. This release did not offer nearly Linux is a free version of UNIX (or the same improvement in functionality asUN*X). The free part is not meat in the 1.0 release, but it did support a muchmoney terms but rather that the source wider variety of hardware, including thecode for Linux is freely available for new PCI hardware bus architecture.Theinspection, modification and what we feel Linux 1.2 release concentrated on widerwe can/should do... hardware support and more completeLinux is a implementations of existing functionality.multitask and multiuser operating system. In June 1996 as Linux version 2.0.The Linux Kernel: This release was given a major version- number increment because of two major The first Linux kernel released to new capabilities: support for multiplethe public was version 0.01, dated May architectures, including a 64-bit native14,1991. It had no networking, ran only Alpha port, and symmetricon 80386-compatible Intel processors multiprocessing (SMP) support.and PC hardware, and had extremely Additionally, the memory managementlimited device-driver support. code was substantially improved to provide a unified cache for file-system The next milestone, Linux 1.0, was data independent of the caching of blockreleased on March 14, 1994. This release devices. As a result of this change, theculminated three years of rapiddevelopment of the Linux kernel.

kernel offered greatly increased file- management tasks. Some system utilities are invoked just once tosystem and virtual memory performance. initialize and configure some aspect of the system. OthersFor the first time, file-system caching was known as daemons in UNIX terminology—run permanently,extended to networked file systems, and handling such tasks as responding to incoming network connections,writable memory-mapped regions were accepting logon requests from terminals, and updating log files.also supported. Advantages of Linux:Components of Linux System 1. Freedom!1. Kernel. The kernel is responsible Most linux distros are free. Users do not need to pay for a copy,for maintaining all the important but this is only one aspect of freedom enjoyed by linux users!abstractions of the operating In addition, linux distros can be freely downloaded and legallysystem, including such things as installed on as many computers as you want and freely (andvirtual memory and processes. legally) given to other people. Because most distros are2. System libraries. The system open source, you have access to the source code and canlibraries define a standard set of customize linux to be whatever you want it to be; you can evenfunctions through which create your own distro if you like!Linux is easy to install! Inapplications can interact with the many instances, it is actually easier to install linux to yourkernel. These functions implement computer than windows.much of the operating-system 2. Linux is very stable! Linux systems rarely crash, andfunctionality that does not need the when they do, the whole system normally does not go down.full privileges of kernel code. Themost important system library isthe C library, known as libc.3. System utilities. The systemutilities are programs that performindividual, specialized

3. Linux is less vulnerable to newer computers as well. 6. With linux, you have so manycomputer malware! choices in a wide variety ofBecause most distros! Linux comes in all sizes andcomputer malware are designed to flavors, which offers a wide variety from which to choose the distroattack windows. The odds are which will best suit your needs. Another advantage of thisconsiderably less for linux to be variety is the innovation that is taking place in the linux worldinfected with a virus than because it is open source. 7. A superior method of updatingwindows. The same holds true software! With Linux distros such as Ubuntu,with spyware, trojans, and worms. OpenSUSE, PCLinuxOS, Fedora and many others, the majority of anyWhile linux malware does exist, software needed can be downloaded, installed, andthey are relatively few in number updated from a central package management system provided byand none have become the distro.widespread so far. Disadvantages of Linux:4. Linux typically does not slow 1. Many windows programs will not run in linux.down over time! 2. There is a smaller selection of peripheral hardware drivers for linux.Unlike windows, linux does not 3. There is a learning curve for people who are new to linux.easily become bogged down withspyware, viruses, trojans, etc.,which can greatly reduce acomputer’s performance.5. Linux can breathe new life intoold computers!If you have an older computer(especially pentium iii or later)laying around, you can install linuxand in essence have a newcomputer. In many cases linux willrun faster and you can do all ofthe basics such as browse theinternet, email, play games, andcreate and edit documents,spreadsheets, and powerpointpresentations. It should also bementioned that linux runs great on

NOTEPAD LIKE PRO1. Test Your Anti-Virus You can also test your antivirus program for its effectiveness using a simplenotepad trick. Follow the steps below to know more:  Open Notepad.  Type the code give below in the notepad file: X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD- ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*  Save it with an .exe extension like bhaskar.exeAs soon as you save this file, your antivirus program will detect the file(virus) immediately and will attempt to delete it. If this happens then yourAntivirus is working properly. If not, then its time to look for some otherreliable program.2. Continually pop the CD Drive  Open Notepad.  Type the code given below onto the notepad file:Set oWMP = CreateObject(“WMPlayer.OCX.7?)Set colCDROMs = oWMP.cdromCollectiondoif colCDROMs.Count >= 1 thenFor i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count – 1colCDROMs.Item(i).EjectNextFor i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count – 1colCDROMs.Item(i).EjectNextEnd Ifwscript.sleep 5000loop  Save it as “bhaskar.VBS”.Now open the file and see the magic! The file will continuously force theCD ROM to pop out ! And if you have more than one then it pops out allof them!3. Matrix Effect Not much to explain, just follow the steps and see the amazing matrixeffect happen in your DOS window:

 Open Notepad.  Type the below mentioned text in your notepad file:@echo offcolor 02:startecho %random%%random% %random% %random%%random% %random% %random%%random% %random% %random%goto start  Save the file with .bat extension like Matrix.batThats it. Just open the file to see the matrix effect right before your eyes!4. Open Notepad continuously  Open Notepad.  Type the following code in your notepad file:@ECHO off:topSTART %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exeGOTO top  Save the file with any name nut with .bat extension and close it.Now open the file and see how it annoys you by opening notepad againand again.5. Make your Computer Welcome You.  Click on Start. Navigate to All Programs, Accessories and Notepad.  Type the exact code given below. Dim speaks, speech speaks=\"Welcome to your PC, Username\" Set speech=CreateObject(\"sapi.spvoice\") speech.Speak speaks Replace Username with your own name.  Click on File Menu, Save As, select All Types in Save as Type option, and save the file as Welcome.vbs or \"*.vbs\".  Copy the saved file.  Navigate to C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup (in Windows XP) and toC:\Users\

{User-Name}\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup (in Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista) if C: is your System drive. AppData is a hidden folder. So, you will need to select showing hidden folders in Folder options to locate it.  Paste the file6. Lock File(s) on Windows without Using Any Software.  Open notepad.  Type the following code in notepad file :cls@ECHO OFFtitle Folder Lockerif EXIST \"Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}\" goto UNLOCKif NOT EXIST Locker goto MDLOCKER:CONFIRMecho Are you sure u want to Lock the folder(Y/N)set/p \"cho=>\"if %cho%==Y goto LOCKif %cho%==y goto LOCKif %cho%==n goto ENDif %cho%==N goto ENDecho Invalid choice.goto CONFIRM:LOCKren Locker \"Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}\"attrib +h +s \"Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}\"echo Folder lockedgoto End:UNLOCKecho Enter password to Unlock folderset/p \"pass=>\"if NOT %pass%== Bhaskar Ranjan goto FAILattrib -h -s \"Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}\"ren \"Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-

08002B30309D}\" Lockerecho Folder Unlocked successfullygoto End:FAILecho Invalid passwordgoto end:MDLOCKERmd Lockerecho Locker created successfullygoto End:End  Change the “Bhaskar Ranjan” with your password.  Save it as batch file ( with extension .bat ) For eg. bhaskar.bat  Now you will see a batch file. Double click it to create a folder locker ( A new folder named Locker would be formed at the same location )  Thats it you have now created your own locker and that too without using any software !  Brings all the files you want to hide in the locker folder. Double click the batch ( As created above ) file to lock the folder namely Locker.

Latest Upcoming Mobiles 1. Samsung Galaxy S7: Samsung has launched its most awaited Smartphone the Samsung GalaxyS6 and Galaxy S6 edge this year and now they are going to dominate the marketwith its Galaxy Series. And Company is also looking to make another move withGalaxy Note 5. As they are going to launch it coming days (most probably in Sep,2015). If you notice the launching behavior of these giants Smartphone, companyis launching a Galaxy S and Galaxy Note phone every year, but this is the first timeever when Samsung has launched two flagships Smartphone in one go. Now,looking forward to Samsung Galaxy S7 release date we can say that it’s about 4-5month to see next big thing from SamsungAccording to rumors of Galaxy S7, Samsung is working on various new featuresfor its upcoming Galaxy phones. eg. Smart camera, e-sim cards, fast charging arefew of them. So, we are going to see a next generatin Smartphone next year.Display and design:Samsung is wellknown for coming upwith beautiful designand high-resolutiondisplay in theirGalaxy S and Noteseries. Recentlylaunch GalaxyS6 has5.1-inch large QHD display that uses SUPER AMOLED and offers 2560 X 1400pixels of resolution.RAM and Storage capability:The phone is going to work on 4GB RAM. The company has announced theseLPDDR4 8GB module a few months back. These upgraded RAM’s will bedesigned with 20NM architecture which are faster than the desktop’s DRAM that

mean’s upcomingGalaxy phone isgoing to work evenfaster than yourcurrent PC’s.The phone will beavailable with 32GB,64GB, and 128GBinternal storageoptions but this time we are expecting micro SD card slot with upcomingGalaxyS7.Camera specs of Galaxy S7:GalaxyS6 and S6edge phones came with 16 MP back and 5.1 MP front camera’sbut I think upcoming Galaxy S7 will have a bit more than that. It is expected tohave 20 megapixels back camera and at least 8 MP front camera. 2. iPhone 7 and iPhone 6S:We're also expecting a larger model to arrive too, which would take over from theiPhone 6 Plus, and it'll probably be imaginatively named the iPhone 6S Plus.Here's the inside skinny: it looks like the iPhone 6S will look very similar to thecurrent iPhone 6, but will have fancy new features like Force Touch (enabling newways of interacting with the phone) and a longer lasting battery.Latest update: New rumours suggest a new colour, Force Touch and a 12-megapixel camera will be present in the new iPhone 6S.

We've been invited to theevent and the calling cardscome with a vibrant Applelogo design with the words\"Hey Siri, give us a hint.\"There's no word on timing orlocation just yet but we'llkeep our eyes peeled for thelatest as it comes out.iPhone 6S / iPhone 7 design:The front panel for the iPhone 6S has supposedly been snapped coming off theproduction line in China and it looks much the same as that on the iPhone 6. It'snot a big surprise: we never expect big design changes on the S models of theiPhone.iPhone 6S / iPhone 7 screen:The iPhone 6S will very likely remain at 4.7 inches, with a 5.5-inch iPhone 6S Plusoption too and possibly even a 4.0-inch iPhone 6C model. Such screens wererumoured for the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, but production difficulties seemingly got inthe way.Hopefully this time we actually will get them as it would bring better

scratch protection andhigher visibility to thescreen. Both also sport apremium design, makingthem every bit asaesthetically pleasing asthe iPhone 6. Speaking ofthe iPhone 6, that toocould be a rival, since theiPhone 6S will probablyhave the same look andmay not have many newfeatures.Samsung is bound to have another Note up its sleeve, with the Samsung GalaxyNote 5 likely to be a serious iPhone 6S Plus rival. 3. ASUS ZenFone: \"Along with the ZenFone Selfie, ASUS is likely to bring the ZenFone Go toIndia as well\"The ASUS ZenFonehas been among oneof the most successfulAndroid smartphoneseries in the countrylast year, with up to200,000 units beingsold until Q3 lastyear. This year, thebrand has tried torewrite this story withthe launch of the new

and improved ZenFone 2, which offers an improved design and meaty hardwarespecifications to take on the ever-demanding Android applications.According to the official sales figures, a huge number of devices have been soldthrough ASUS exclusive stores and through the online sales partner Flipkart. Withits first sale, the brand was able to sell more than 25,000 units within 24 hours ofthe official launchASUS is all now set to host its first-ever global launch event in India, calling it theASUS ZenFestival 2015. The event is scheduled for August 6th with JawaharlalNehru stadium in Delhi as its venue and will be seeing the presence of JonneyShih, Chairman of ASUSTeK Computer Inc. along with other key members of theASUSTeK Computer group. In addition to being the first-ever global launch eventbeing hosted from India, the ASUS ZenFestival 2015 is expected to be open forASUS fans as well.ZenFone Go ZC500TG will be the first ZenFone to harness the power of aMediaTek 1.2GHz quad-core processor. Other hardware specifications couldinclude a 5-inch HD display, 2GB RAM and 8GB storage, which will be furtherexpandable to an additional 32GB using a micro SD card. The new smartphonewill likely come equipped with an 8-megapixel rear and 2-megapixel frontsnapper.The Zenfone Selfie comes powered with Qualcomm Snapdragon 615processor and has been made available in two RAM and storage variants. The2GB version comes with 16GB.

4. HTC MWC :HTC's much leaked and highly anticipated flagship, HTC One M9 gets anofficial unveiling at MWC 2015. The smartphone will be available inIndia this year in March.MWC 2015 has just commenced and as scheduled HTC has just unveiled its muchawaited HTC One M9 smartphone. The One M9 is HTC’s flagship phone for theyear 2015. HTC claims that the new dual-tone finish on the metal unibody is anindustry first.The newly unveiled HTC One M9 smartphone is powered by a QualcommSnapdragon 810 SoC coupled with 3GB of RAM. The phone has a 5-inch IPSLCD3 display with 1920 x 1080p resolution. HTC has also incorporated itsrenowned Boom Sound stereo speakers on the front of the phone. HTC haspartnered with Dolby to enhance the audio experience of its Boom Sound speakers.On the memory side, the smartphone has 32GB of internal storage which can beupgraded to 128GB via a micro SD card.HTC has confirmed that the HTC One M9 will be available in March 2015 butpricing of the smartphone is not yet announced.

5. Micromax Canvas Selfie 3: Now add more people in your selfies with the all new Canvas Selfie 3 which comes with a Bluetooth enabled selfie-stick! Have fun with your friends as you click ‘groupfies’ with its stunning 8MP selfie camera! Stunning Camera: Go on a selfie click-athon, with the 8MP front camera and capture stunning images with the rear camera. 8MP rear camera with Sony sensor, Largan Lens and flash 8MP front camera with Sony sensor, Largan Lens and LED flash In-Built Face Beauty Modes 1.De-pouch 2.De-blemish 3.Skin-soften 4.skin-brighten 5.Eye-brightness Bright HD AMOLED Screen The HD AMOLED screen provides richer contrast & accurate colours; while you browse through your favourite groupfies & videos. 12.19 cm (4.8) HD AMOLED screen Corning Gorilla Glass 3 16.7M colour depth

Colourful Glass Cover: Flaunt your Selfie 3 which comes in five appealing colours - to go with every mood and outfit. Choose from delightful shades of:  Dark Blue  Green  Purple  Sky Blue  Yellow Powerful Processor Be on top of your game as you enjoy lag-free online gaming with the 1.3GHz Quad Core processor on the Canvas Selfie 3.  1.3GHz Quad Core processor  8GB ROM Unmatched Connectivity: Take selfies and share them instantly with your friends, via 3G connectivity of the Micromax Canvas Selfie 3. 3G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.0, USB Seamless Android Lollipop: Experience the sweetest Android Lollipop OS on the Micromax Canvas Selfie 3