Universe - The Definitive Visual Guide (September 2012)

["APRIL 449 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS background stars. On its edge is the Jewel Box cluster (see p.294), In the Southern Hemisphere, or NGC 4755, which looks like a Crux lies almost on the north\u2013 hazy star to the naked eye. south meridian line, with Rigil Kentaurus (see p.252) and Hadar\u2014 On display in Carina is the Alpha (\u03b1) and Beta (\u03b2) Centauri\u2014 cluster IC 2602 and the Carina slightly to its lower left. Antares, in Nebula (see p.247), or NGC 3372. Scorpius, is rising in the southeast, To the east, among the rich star while Canopus, in Carina, sinks fields of Centaurus, is the globular low in the southwest. Hydra\u2019s long cluster NGC 5139 or Omega (\u03c9) body meanders overhead, its head Centauri, which looks like a hazy adjoining Cancer in the northwest 4th-magnitude star. In the north and its tail ending between Libra of the sky, members of the Virgo and Centaurus in the southeast. Cluster are well placed for Spica, the brightest star in Virgo, is telescopic observation this month. high in the east. Leo lies in the north, with Arcturus, in Bo\u00f6tes, in the northeast. Observers north of latitude 40\u00b0S can see the Big Dipper low on the northern horizon. DEEP-SKY OBJECTS THE COALSACK This dark cloud of dust (center left), next to Next to the Southern Cross, an the Southern Cross, is silhouetted against apparent gap in the rich stream of the bright background of the Milky Way. the Milky Way is visible to the naked eye.This is, in fact, a dark nebula, known as the Coalsack, which obscures the light of the THE CARINA NEBULA 6PM 3PM This huge nebula in the southern Milky Way is visible to the naked eye. Eta Capella NOON (\u03b7) Carinae (center, left) is a peculiar 40\u00b0 variable star, which is surrounded by a glowing shell of gas. 9PM MIDNIGHT Castor GEMINI 30\u00b0 Pollux 14 20\u00b0 12 Pleiades 16 ARIES 17 13 19 13 10\u00b0 LEO 15 15 18 15 Aldebaran 17 12 0\u00b0 12 CANCER Hyades TAURUS \u201310\u00b0 Regulus 16 Betelgeuse Procyon Bellatrix 14 Mira 17 Rigel Spica \u201320\u00b0 POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS SKY This chart shows the positions of the planets in April from 2012 to 2019. The planets are THE NIGHT SKY represented by colored dots, while the number inside each dot denotes the year. For all planets EVENING apart from Mercury, the dot indicates the planet\u2019s position on April 15. Mercury is shown only when it is at greatest elongation (see p.68)\u2014for the specific date, refer to the table, left. Mercury Mars Saturn Neptune Venus Jupiter Uranus EXAMPLES 14 Mars\u2019s position on April 15, 2014. The arrow indicates that the planet is in retrograde motion (see p.68). 13 Jupiter\u2019s position on April 15, 2013","Betelgeuse GEMINI Pollux CVAENNEASTICI S RONA BOREALIS ORION Bellatrix Castor M51 HERCULES URSA MAJOR Mizar BOOTE CO OPHIUCHUS M101 Deneb M13 AldeHbaYrAaDnES M35 M37 LYNX THDEIPBPIEGR M1 Vega WEST M38AURIGA LYRA EAST M36 M81 DRACO CYGNUS URSA MINOR M92 M29 TAURUS Capella Polaris NORTHE PLEIADES PERSEUS CAMELOPARDALIS M57 VULPECULA Albireo TRIANGULUM M34 NGC 884 CASSIOPEIA CEPHEUS M103 M52 NGC 869 NORTH M39 AST W ANDROMEDA EST M31 M33 LACERTA OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH March 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH April 1 11pm Midnight April 15 10pm 11pm APRIL | NORTHERN LATITUDES May 1 9pm 10pm May 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 450 THE NIGHT SKY","SERPENS CAPUT MAUJROSRA OR GEMINI LEO MIN OPHIUCMH1U2 S C LEO Regulus M44 BER M10 M3 M53 EAST BOOTES Arcturus M64 ENIOCMESA CANCER Procyon MINOR M67 ANISC MONOCEROS M5 M50 WEST M87 M48 Sirius VIRGO HYDRA M47 M46 LIB SEXTANS M93 ECL PT C Spica M104 CRATER SCORPIUS CANIS MAJOR RA M80 Adhara M4 M41 Antares IS PUPP M83 CORVUS PYXIS LU PUS CENTAURUS ANTLIA EST SOUT HEAST VELA NGC 5139 CARINA SOUTHW Gacrux STAR MOTION Becrux Hadar CRUX North Acrux SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH APRIL | NORTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 451","CR CORVUS Spica ECLIPTIC OPHIUCHM1U2S SEXTA M104 HYDRA M48 ATER VIRGO NS CANIS MINORProcyon ERPENS M5 MONOCEROS CAPUT WEST CANCER M67 EAST BetelgeusOe RION GEMINI M44 Regulus M87 M53 S HERCULES Pollux Arcturus CBOORROENAALIS M35 LEO M64 Castor LEO MINOR BOOTES COMA BERENICES M3 URSA MAJOR M13 THE B G AURIGA D PPER CANES VENATICI M81 M51 LYNX Mizar M101 RTHW DRACO EAST NO EST NORTH URSA MINOR OBSERVATION TIMES NORTH Date Standard Daylight- time saving time LOOKING NORTH March 15 Midnight 1am APRIL | SOUTHERN LATITUDES April 1 11pm Midnight April 15 10pm 11pm May 1 9pm 10pm May 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 452 THE NIGHT SKY","M10 C ORVUS M93 M46 M50 M47 Sirius OPHIUCHUS LIBRA M83 HYDRA ANTLIA CENTAURUS XIS M41 ORION PY L NGC 5139 S MAJOR M4 Antares M80 LEPUS EAST M9 UPUS Adhara CANI WEST M23 M21 M19 VELA PUPPIS M24 M62 Shaula SCORPIUS Gacrux M8 6 NORMA KReingtial urus Becrux Acrux A M28 M COLUMB CRUX MUSCA CAELUM M7 Hadar CARINA M22 TARUIASNTGRUALLEUMCIRCINUS VOLANPSICTOR CAOURSOTNRAALI Canopus M69M54 ARA APUS MENSA LMC DORADO S TELESCOPIUM CHAMAELEON SAGITTARIUS OCTANS RETICULUM ERIDANUS HOROLOGIUM PAVO T HYDRUS W SOU EST HEAST SMC SOUTH INDUS NGC 104 Achernar TUCANA PHOENIX STAR MOTION North SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH APRIL | SOUTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 453","","MAY 455 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS 4th-magnitude star lying virtually best seen from equatorial and RICH STAR FIELDS on the north\u2013south meridian this southerly locations, where May Alpha (\u03b1) and Beta (\u03b2) Centauri (left) point The constellation Crux and the month.To the north of it lies nights are longer.The Eta Aquarids toward the constellation Crux (right). The two bright stars in Centaurus that NGC 5128, a peculiar radio- are caused by dust from Halley\u2019s Coalsack Nebula (bottom, right), most of act as a pointer to it, Alpha (\u03b1) emitting galaxy also known as Comet (see p.216). which lies within Crux, obscures a large area Centauri\u2014or Rigil Kentaurus (see Centaurus A (see p.322), of stars in the Milky Way. p.252)\u2014and Beta (\u03b2) Centauri\u2014 which is one of the easiest Hadar, are high in the southern galaxies to find with sky in May. Crux is to the west of binoculars. Another bright the north\u2013south meridian, and galaxy located near the Rigil Kentaurus and Hadar are on meridian is M83, a spiral the eastern side. Although Rigil galaxy that is positioned Kentaurus is usually described as face-on to Earth. the closest naked-eye star to the Sun, it actually consists of two In Crux, the dark yellowish stars, which form a Coalsack Nebula and the double star that is easily divided sparkling Jewel Box (see through a small telescope.The p.294) remain prominent. brightest member of the Southern Cross, Acrux\u2014Alpha (\u03b1) Crucis\u2014 METEOR SHOWER 3PM is also a double star that is divisible NOON with a small telescope, but its The Eta Aquarid meteor component stars are blue-white. shower reaches its peak around May 5\u20136, when 30 Spica, in Virgo, lies high or so fast-moving meteors overhead with orange Arcturus, in can be seen radiating each Bo\u00f6tes, in the north. Leo sinks hour from near the star Eta toward the northwestern horizon, (\u03b7) Aquarii, located almost while in the southeast Scorpius exactly on the celestial and Sagittarius are coming into equator. However, this part view\u2014a sign that the southern of the sky does not rise winter is approaching. very high until around 3 am, and the meteor DEEP-SKY OBJECTS shower is The largest and brightest globular 6PM cluster in the sky, NGC 5139, or Omega (\u03c9) Centauri, appears to Capella 50\u00b0 the naked eye as a hazy 9PM 40\u00b0 Castor GEMINI 12 30\u00b0 Pollux 20\u00b0 15 14 TAURUS Pleiades CANCER 14 19 18 13 15 MIDNIGHT 17 15 Arcturus 13 LEO 15 Aldebaran Hyades 12 Regulus 10\u00b0 16 Betelgeuse Procyon Bellatrix 0\u00b0 VIRGO 14 17 12 Rigel 13 Spica \u201310\u00b0 14 18 POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS LIBRA This chart shows the positions of the planets in May from 2012 to 2019. The planets are THE NIGHT SKY represented by colored dots, while the number inside each dot denotes the year. For all planets apart from Mercury, the dot indicates the planet\u2019s position on May 15. Mercury is shown only when it is at greatest elongation (see p.68)\u2014for the specific date, refer to the table, left. SKY Mercury Mars Saturn Neptune EVENING Venus Jupiter Uranus EXAMPLES 16 Mars\u2019s position on May 15, 2016. The arrow indicates that the planet is in retrograde motion (see p.68). 13 Jupiter\u2019s position on May 15, 2013","M44 MI VECNAANTEICSI BOOTES M13 HERCULES AQUILA LEO CANCER NOR M51 M101 Altair CANIS MINOR URSA MAJOR Mizar DRACO M92 Procyon VULPECULA SAGITTA Pollux THE BIG LYRA Vega M57 Castor DIPPER Albireo WEST GEMINI M38 URIGA M27 EAST HW LYNX M81 CYGNUS M29 DELPHINUS EST A Capella CAMELOPARDALIS URSA MINOR Deneb 36 Polaris M39 M M37 CEPHEUS LACERTA M35 M1 M52 PERSEUS CASSIOPEIA NORT NGC 884NGC 869 EAST M103 PEGASUS NORTH M34 ANDROMEDA M31 TRIANGULUM OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH April 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH May 1 11pm Midnight May 15 10pm 11pm MAY | NO R THE R N L AT I T UD E S June 1 9pm 10pm June 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 456 THE NIGHT SKY","SERPENS CAUDA SER BOOTE M3 BECROENMICAES LEO HYDRA M67 M48 CBOORORENAL M11 M26 HERCULES A S Arcturus M64 Regulus WEST OPHIUCHUS IS EAST PENS M53 CAPUT M14 M87 M5 M16 M18 M M12 S 10 SEXTAN M25 M22 M17 M28 M23 M9 VIRGO M21 M24 M8 LIBRA M104 A PYXIS ECLIPTIC Spica M19 Antares M80 CRATER M6 M62 M4 CORVUS ANTLI M7 Shaula SCORPIUS M83 T LUPUS VELA W SOU EST HEAST ARA NORMA CENTAURUS SOUTH Gacrux STAR MOTION Acrux CIRCINUS Becrux North Rigil Hadar CRUX Kentaurus SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH MAY | NO R THE R N L AT I T UD E S South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 457","SEXTANS CRATER CORVUS Sp ca LIBRA M10 CSAEURDPAENS HYDRA M14 M104 VIRGO M67 MC44ANCER Regulus M5 M12 AQUILA EAST Pollux SERPENS CAPUT OPHIUCHUS CORONA BOREALIS WEST ECLIPTIC LEO M87 LEO MINOR H M64 M53 HERCULES W URSA MAJOR EST Arcturus M92 COMA BERENICES M3 LYRA CANES VENATICI BOOTES M57 LYNX M13 Vega M51 M101 Mizar NORT DTHIPEPEBRIG DRACO EAST M81 URSA MINOR NORTH OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH April 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH May 1 11pm Midnight May 15 10pm 11pm MAY | S OUTHE R N L AT I T UD E S June 1 9pm 10pm June 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 458 THE NIGHT SKY","AQUILA M26 M16 M80 CORVUS MONOCEROMS48 M11 M9 CRATER SCUTUM M83 M47 M17 M23 M21 M24 OPHIUCHM6US M19 M62SCORPIUShSaulaMA4 ntares HYDRA M18 M25 M8 M28 ANTLIA M93 M46 EAST M22 LUPUS WEST MAJOR M69 NGC 5139 PYXIS M7 CENTAURUS CANIS CAOURSOTR ALNISA NORMA KReingtilaurus Becrux Gacrux M54 CIRCINUS SAGIT TARIUS Adhara M55 UM Hadar CRUX VELA M41 VOLANS TELESCOPIUM ARA Acrux MICROSCOPI TRAIUASNTGRUALLUEM MUSCA CARINA PAVO PUPPIS OLUMBA C INDUS APUS CHAMAELEON Canopus OCTANS HYDRUS MENSA LMC RETICULUM T HEAST GRUS DORADO W U EST SO SOUTH TUCANA NGC 104 SMC STAR MOTION PHOENIX Achernar HOROLOGIUM North SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH MAY | S OUT HE R N L AT I T UD E S South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 459","","461 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS THE SCORPION\u2019S LAIR Orange-red Antares, the star at A rich band of constellations can the heart of Scorpius, and the be seen across the sky, from curved line of stars marking the southwest to northeast, along the Scorpion\u2019s tail are distinctive path of the Milky Way. Crux (the sights in June skies. Hovering Southern Cross) and Centaurus over the \u201csting\u201d in the tail are (the Centaur), are in the two prominent star clusters, M6 southwest, to the right of the and M7 (bottom, left). celestial meridian.The lesser- known constellations Lupus, magnificent through Norma, and Triangulum Australe binoculars. M7 is the larger are on the meridian. Ruddy and brighter of the two; it Antares (see p.256) is overhead, appears twice the width of a with the curving tail of Scorpius, full moon. Another the Scorpion, extending to the prominent open cluster in southeast. Next to its tail are the Scorpius is NGC 6231, dense star fields of Sagittarius in positioned next to Zeta the Milky Way. Along the Milky (\u03b6) Scorpii. Way to the east is Altair (see p.252) in the constellation Aquila, while The globular cluster Vega (see p.253) is low in the Omega (\u03c9) Centauri, or northeast. Arcturus and Spica are NGC 5139, and the high in the northwest. peculiar galaxy NGC 5128, or Centaurus A, remain DEEP-SKY OBJECTS well placed for observation this month, as do the Heading away from Scorpius and Coalsack Nebula and the toward the Milky Way and the Jewel Box Cluster (see center of the Galaxy, two p.294), in Crux, and the magnificent open star clusters, spiral galaxy M83 (in the M6 and M7, are positioned near constellation Hydra). the end of the Scorpion\u2019s tail. Both clusters are visible to the NOON naked eye, and they appear 3PM 50\u00b0 6PM 40\u00b0 9PM Castor GEMINI 30\u00b0 Arcturus Pollux 16 19 19 13 17 13 14 13 20\u00b0 15 18 MIDNIGHT LEO 15 16 Regulus CANCER Betelgeuse 10\u00b0 12 0\u00b0 Procyon OPHIUCHUS VIRGO 17 14 12 \u201310\u00b0 13 Spica 15 14 16 18 16 POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS 17 19 LIBRA Antares This chart shows the positions of the planets in June from 2012 to 2019. The planets are THE NIGHT SKY represented by colored dots, while the number inside each dot denotes the year. For all planets SCORPIUS apart from Mercury, the dot indicates the planet\u2019s position on June 15. Mercury is shown only when it is at greatest elongation (see p.68)\u2014for the specific date, refer to the table, left. Mercury Mars Saturn Neptune Venus Jupiter Uranus SKY EXAMPLES 16 Mars\u2019s position on June 15, 2016. The arrow indicates that the planet is in retrograde motion (see p.68). 13 Jupiter\u2019s position on June 15, 2013 EVENING","Mizar BOOTES HERCULES M57 VULPECULA M27 DELPHINUS M51 Albireo EQUULEUS LEO M92 Vega CANES VENATICI M15 Regulus M101 LYRA CYGNUS M29 CANCER M44 LEO MINOR DTIPHPEEBRIG DRACO Deneb EAST M81 M67 URSA URSA MINOR PEGASUS MAJOR WEST Polaris Pollux GEMINI LYNX CEPHEUS M39 LACERTA M ANDRO EDA Castor M52 CAMELOPARDALIS CASSIOPEIA NORT NGC 869 M103 M31 EAST NGC 884 HW M37 AURIGA Capella NORTH EST M36 M38 PERSEUS M34 TRIANGULUM OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH May 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH June 1 11pm Midnight June 15 10pm 11pm JUNE | NORTHERN LATITUDES July 1 9pm 10pm July 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 462 THE NIGHT SKY","VULPECULA M13 Arcturus M3 LEO SAGITTA Altair M R HERCULE CORONA BOREALIS 53 SEXTANS S M64 WEST BOOTES ENIOCMEAS SERPENSSCUTU C BER M87 M11 EAST M CAUDA M14 OPHIUCHUS SERPENS CAPUT AQUILA VIRGO CAPRICORNUS 26 M12 M5 M104 CRATE M M10 HY LIBRA M25 MM1716 ECLIPTIC Spica CORVUS M22 M18 M24 M23 M9 M M55 SAGITTARIUS 54 M21 DRA M69 M28 M8 M19 M80 M6 Antares M4 M83 M7 M62 Shaula CSTORRAOLNISA TELESCOPIUM SCORPIUS LUPUS W AU NORMA EST CENTAUNRGCU5S139 T SOU Gacrux HEAST Becrux SOUTH ARA STAR MOTION ATURSIATNRGAULELUM CIRCINUS RKiegniltaurus North Hadar SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH JUNE | NORTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 463","SEXTANS M104 M16 SCUTM1U1M EQUULEUS M26 Spica LIBRA M10 M14 ECLIPTIC CSAEURPDEANS M12 VIRG M5 UCHUS AQUILA GITTA Altair LEO O OPHI DELPHINUS SERPENS CAPUT HERCULES Regulus M87 Arcturus SA EAST BOOTCEOSRONA BOREALIS M13 VULPECU WEST M53 M92 M64 Albireo M57 LA CYGN M27 LEO MINOR CANES COMA M3 VENATICI BERENICES LYRA US URSA MAJOR Vega Deneb M29 M51 Mizar M101 NORT DTIHPPEEBRIG DRACO EAST HW CEPHEUS NORTH EST URSA MINOR OBSERVATION TIMES NORTH Date Standard Daylight- time saving time LOOKING NORTH May 15 Midnight 1am JUNE | SOUTHERN LATITUDES June 1 11pm Midnight June 15 10pm 11pm July 1 9pm 10pm July 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 464 THE NIGHT SKY","M23 M19 M80 MA4ntares BRA CRATER SEXTANS M9 LI M21 M18 M24 M17 M25 AQUARIUS M28 M8 M83 CORVUS M22 M62 SAGITTAR M69 M7 Shaula LUPUS M54 M55 M6 CAOURST SCORPIUS HYDRA CAPRPICISOCRINSUAMU30STRINUS IUS RAOLNISA EAST WEST S NORMA NGC 5139 OSCOPIUM TEL ESCOPIUM ARA MICR RKiegniltaurus CENTAGUaRcrUuxS ANTLIA Hadar VELA PYXIS Becrux CIRCINUS CRUX Acrux INDUS TRIANGULUM AUSTRALE PAVO MUSCA SCULPTO GRUS APUS Fomalhaut OCTANS R CHAMAELEON VOLANS HEAST MENSA TUCANA CARINA PUPPIS W T NGC 104 SMC PICTOR SOU EST Canopus SOUTH PHOENIX HYDRUS LMC Achernar HOROLOGIUM STAR MOTION ERIDANUS RETICULUM DORADO North SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH JUNE | SOUTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 465","","JULY 467 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS under good conditions.The Lagoon The curved tail of Scorpius and Nebula (see p.243), or M8, an the asterism known as the Teapot, elongated gas cloud containing formed from the main stars of the star cluster NGC 6530, can be Sagittarius, are virtually overhead seen well through binoculars.To for southern observers.The Milky the north, in Serpens Cauda, the Way is particularly dense and tail of the Serpent, lies the cluster bright toward Sagittarius and M16\u2014visible through binoculars\u2014 Scorpius because this is the view embedded in the much fainter toward the center of the Galaxy. Eagle Nebula (see pp.244\u201345). Alpha (\u03b1) and Beta (\u03b2) Other famous deep-sky objects Centauri\u2014Rigil Kentaurus (see in Sagittarius, such as the Trifid p.252) and Hadar\u2014are in the Nebula, M20 (see p.246), need to southwest, pointing down to be seen through a telescope. Crux, the Southern Cross. Spica However, one particularly bright (in Virgo) is in the eastern sky, patch of the Milky Way, M24, is Arcturus (in Bo\u00f6tes) in the prominent to the naked eye. In northwest, and Vega (see p.253) adjoining Scorpius, the bright in Lyra, is in the north. Altair (see open clusters M6 and M7 remain p.252), in Aquila, is high in the high in the sky. northeast, and observers about 30\u00b0S or closer to the equator can METEOR SHOWER see Deneb, in Cygnus, low in the The Delta Aquarids, the best northeast. In the southeast, southern meteor shower, is active TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE GALAXY 1st-magnitude Fomalhaut, in Piscis in July and August, reaching a peak The center of the Galaxy cannot be seen directly, Austrinus, enters the scene. around July 29. At best, perhaps because it is obscured behind the dense Milky Way DEEP-SKY OBJECTS 20 meteors an hour can be seen star fields of Sagittarius and Scorpius. The exact radiating from the southern half center is thought to be marked by an intense radio Sagittarius is well stocked with of Aquarius, but they are not source called Sagittarius A* (boxed). outstanding deep-sky objects, particularly bright. among them the 5th-magnitude POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS globular cluster M22, which NOON This chart shows the positions of the planets in July from 2012 to 2019. The planets are represented is visible to the naked eye by colored dots, while the number inside each dot denotes the year. For all planets apart from Mercury, the dot indicates the planet\u2019s position on July 15. Mercury is shown only when it is at greatest elongation (see p.68)\u2014for the specific date, refer to the table, left. 3PM 50\u00b0 Mercury Mars Saturn Neptune Venus Jupiter Uranus EXAMPLES 40\u00b0 13 Jupiter\u2019s position on 18 Mars\u2019s position on July 15, 2018. The arrow indicates that July 15, 2013 the planet is in retrograde motion (see p.68). Pollux 30\u00b0 MIDNIGHT 9PM Arcturus 17 20\u00b0 16 14 10\u00b0 LEO 19 0\u00b0 16 Regulus 15 13 18 12 18 15 CANCER 17 Procyon OPHIUCHUS VIRGO 12 13 12 17 14 14 18 \u201310\u00b0 15 Spica 17 19 16 16 19 18 LIBRA THE NIGHT SKY Antares SCORPIUS Shaula EVENING SKY","BOOTE M92 LYRA Deneb M29 CYG M3 HERCULES C S NUS VE M6B4 ECROEMNAICESNAATNICEIS M101 M39 CERTA PEGASUS M51 WEST M87 DRACO LA EAST Mizar URSA MINOR LEO LEO DTIPHPEEBRIG CEPHEUS M52 PISCES MINOR URSA MAJOR ANDROMEDAM31 Polaris CASSIOPEIA M34 TRIANGU M81 ARIE N O R T HLUM M103 869 M33 NGC NGC 884 NORT LYNX CAMELOPARDALIS S CaGsEtoMr INI EAST HW PERSEUS EST Capella AURIGA M38 OBSERVATION TIMES NORTH Date Standard Daylight- time saving time LOOKING NORTH June 15 Midnight 1am JULY | NO R THE R N L AT I T UD E S July 1 11pm Midnight July 15 10pm 11pm August 1 9pm 10pm August 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 468 THE NIGHT SKY","PEGASUS CYGNUS Vega LYRA M13 BERECNOICMEAMS53 M15 EQUULMEU2 Albireo M57 CBOORROENALIS A BOOTES VULP M27 SAGIT Altair Arcturus DELPHINUS TA ECULA HERCULES VIRGO EAST AQUARIUS S PUT M104 WEST SERPENSMC5A AQUILA Spica CORVUS LIBRA SCEARUPDEANS M12 LUPUS M10 M14 M30 M11 HYDRA OPHIUCHUS CENTAURUS APUISSCTIRSINUS SCUTMU26M ECLIPTIC M16 M25 CAPRICORNUS M17 M18 M24 M23 M9 M83 M22 M8 M80 M19 Antares M4 SAMG5I5TTARIUS M28 M21 MICROSCOPIUM M54 M7 M6 M62 HEAST M69 Shaula T AUCSOTRROANLIAS W SOU TELESCOPIUM EST SOUTH INDUS NORMA ARA STAR MOTION PAVO North SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH JULY | N OR T HE RN LAT I T UD E S South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 469","M9 M23 M18M24 AQUARIUS M10 M25 CUTM2U6M VIRGO LIBRA M17 M16 S M87 M5 M14 M11 EQUULEUS M12 SERPENS CAPUT SCERAPUEDNAS M15 OPHIUCHUS M2 WEST AQUILA Altair PEGASUS EAST 64 VULPECULA NUS M M53 SAGITTA DELPHI COMA M27 BERENICES BOOTES Arcturus CORONA BOREALIS HERCULES M3 Albireo CVAENNEASTICI M57 LYRA ANDROMEDA M13 M29 Vega CYGNUS RSA M51 M92 Deneb LACERTA MAJOR NORTH U M39 HW NORT EST M101 EAST Mizar DRACO URSA MINOR CEPHEUS OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH June 15 Midnight 1 am LOOKING NORTH July 1 11 pm Midnight July 15 10 pm 11 pm JULY | S OUTHE R N L AT I T UD E S August 1 9 pm 10 pm August 15 8 pm 9 pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 470 THE NIGHT SKY","ECL PT C M21 Spica CAPRICORNUS M22 M69 M54 M8 M62 M19 Antares VIRGO M104 M28 M4 M30 LIBRA M80 APUISSTCRISINUS MS5A5 GITTA AUCSOTRROALNIASM7 M6 Shau a PIUS M83 AQUARIUS SCOR RIUS LUPUS CORVUS EAST M ARA NORMA CRATER WEST ICROSCOPIUM TELESCOPIUM Fomalhaut NGC 5139 SCULPTOR INDUS TRAIAUNSGTRUALLUEM RKigeniltaurus Gacrux CENTAURUS HYDRA GRUS PAVO CIRCINUS Hadar Becrux TUCANA APUS MUSCA Acrux CRUX ANTLIA PHOENIX NGC 104 OCTANS VELA T Achernar SMC MENSA CHAMAELEVOONLANS CARINA W SOU EST ERIHDOARNOULSOGIUM HYDRUS HEAST LMC SOUTH RETICULUM DORADO PICTOR STAR MOTION North Canopus SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH JULY | S O UTH ER N L AT I T UD E S South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 471","","AUGUST 473 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS celestial meridian earlier in the year, such as the Lagoon Nebula Sagittarius and its Milky Way star (see p.243), M22 in Sagittarius, fields remain high overhead, with M16 in Serpens Cauda, and M6 Scorpius to the southwest of it. and M7 in Scorpius. In addition, Alpha (\u03b1) and Beta (\u03b2) Centauri\u2014 this month southern observers can Rigil Kentaurus (see p.252) and see the Wild Duck Cluster (M11) Hadar\u2014are low on the south- in Scutum and, looking north of western horizon.To the north are the equator, the Dumbbell Nebula Altair (in Aquila),Vega (in Lyra), (M27) in Vulpecula, and the Ring and Deneb (in Cygnus), the stars Nebula (M57) in Lyra (see p.257). that form the northern Summer Triangle\u2014this is the best time of year to see them in the evening sky from southern latitudes.The Square of Pegasus is rising in the northwest. Fomalhaut, in the constellation Piscis Austrinus, is high in the east, with Achernar, in Eridanus, lower in the southeast. The Small Magellanic Cloud (see p.311) is visible midway between Achernar and the south celestial pole. DEEP-SKY OBJECTS THE LAGOON NEBULA IN SAGITTARIUS Among the dense star fields of the Milky The best deep-sky objects to view Way lies the Lagoon Nebula (bottom, right), in the southern sky on August also known as M8, in Sagittarius (right). evenings are those that passed the POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS This chart shows the positions of the planets in August from 2012 to 2019. The planets are SAGITTARIUS represented by colored dots, while the number inside each dot denotes the year. For all planets The Teapot asterism (bottom), formed by apart from Mercury, the dot indicates the planet\u2019s position on August 15. Mercury is shown only eight stars in Sagittarius, is a familiar pattern when it is at greatest elongation (see p.68) \u2013 for the specific date, refer to the table, left. in summer skies. Mercury Mars Neptune 3PM NOON Saturn Venus Jupiter Uranus EXAMPLES 18 Mars\u2019s position on August 15, 2018. The arrow indicates 40\u00b0 that the planet is in retrograde motion (see p.68). 13 Jupiter\u2019s position on August 15, 2013 30\u00b0 MIDNIGHT 6PM 9PM Arcturus LEO 19 20\u00b0 10\u00b0 Altair 16 19 15 Regulus 13 16 16 0\u00b0 18 OPHIUCHUS VIRGO CAPRICORNUS 12 17 \u201310\u00b0 12 18 19 18 15 14 18 13 Spica 14 16 LIBRA 17 19 16 Antares THE NIGHT SKY SAGITTARIUS Shaula SCORPIUS EVENING SKY","CBOORROENAALIS LYRAVega CYGNUS Deneb PEGASUS Arcturus M92 M39 HMER13CULES LACERTA BOOTES ANDROMEDA M33 WEST M3 DRACO M31 PISCES EAST M53 COMAMB6E4 RENICES VENCAATNICEIS M101 M52 ULUM Mizar ARIES EIA CASSIOP M51 URSA MINOR CEPHEUS M103 NGC 869 TRIANG PERSEUS M34 URSA MAJOR Po ar s CAMELOPARDALIS NGC 884 DTIHPEPEBRIG PLEIADES M81 TAURUS NORT LEO Capella EAST MINOR HW AURIGA M38 NORTH EST M36 LYNX M37 OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH July 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH August 1 11pm Midnight August 15 10pm 11pm AUGUST | NORTHERN LATITUDES September 1 9pm 10pm September 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 474 THE NIGHT SKY","M29 M57 CYGNUS LYRA VIRGO HERCULES PISCES PEGASUS DELPHINUSM27 AlbireoVULPECULA SAGITTA M5 M15 PENS CAPUT CETUS M2EQUULEUS Altair AQUILA OPHIUCHUSM12 WEST EAST M10 SECRAPUEDNAS M14 SER A LIBR QUARIUSA PTOFoRmalhaut M11 HEAST CAPRICORNUS M26 M16 M23 M9 M80 PISCIS AUSTRINUS M30 MM1178 SCUTUM M24 MM1692AntarSesCMO4RPIUS SCUL ECLIPTIC M21 M8 M25 M22 M28 LUPUS PHOENIX M55 M69 M6 M7 Shaula M54 T MICROSCOPIUM SAGITTARIUS ACUOSRTROANLAIS NORMA W SOU INDUS EST GRUS TELESCOPIUM SOUTH ARA STAR MOTION North PAVO SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH AUGUST | NORTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 475","M5 M24 M25 M18 VIRGO CA M17 CAPRICORNUS SERPENSM14 M12 OP M26 AQUARIUS M16 M10 SCU UDA TUMM11 WEST Arcturus SERPENS CA HIUCHUS AQUILA A tair EQUULEU S PISCES EAST PUT M15 M2 ORONA SAGITTA S BOREALIS DELPHINUS PEGASU VULPECULA HW M27 EST C BOOTES HERCULES Albireo M57 M13 M92 Vega M29 ANDROMEDA DRACO LYRA CYGNUS Deneb M31 M39 CASSIOPEIA EAST LACERTA NORT CEPHEUS M52 NORTH URSA MINOR OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH July 15 Midnight 1 am LOOKING NORTH August 1 11 pm Midnight August 15 10 pm 11 pm AUGUST | SOUTHERN LATITUDES September 1 9 pm 10 pm September 15 8 pm 9 pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 476 THE NIGHT SKY","APUISSCTRISINU CAPRI M22 M23 M62 M9 AQUARIUS 30 CORNUS M28 VIRGO M M8 M54 M21 S SAMG55ITTARIUS M69 M19 M80 ECLIPTIC Antares M4 CETUS Fomalhaut ACUOSRTORANLAIS M7 LIBRA Spica Shaula M6 EAST MICROSCOPIUM S WEST SCULPT SCORPNIUORMA OR INDUS TELESCOPIUMARA GRUS M83 ERIDANUS PHOENIX PAVO CIRCINUS LUPUS HYDRA FORNAX Achernar TUCANA RKigeinl taurus NGCC E51N39TAURU NGC 104 APUS TRAIAUNSGTURALULEM Hadar S SMC Becrux Gacrux OCTANS RETICHUYLDURMUS MUSCA Acrux CRUX THEAST HOROLOGIUM MENSA CHAMAELEON W SOU EST LMC SOUTH VELA DORADO PICTOR VOLANS STAR MOTION North Canopus CARINA SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH AUGUST | SOUTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 477","","SEPTEMBER 479 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS DEEP-SKY OBJECTS Scorpius is low in the west, with Aquarius contains two famous Sagittarius and the densest regions planetary nebulae, although neither of the Milky Way above it.The is particularly easy to find through large northern Summer Triangle of small instruments.The Helix Altair,Vega, and Deneb is visible Nebula (see p.257), or NGC 7293, in the northwest, while in the is the nearest planetary nebula to southwest, Alpha (\u03b1) and Beta (\u03b2) us. Its size means that its light is Centauri\u2014Rigil Kentaurus (see spread out over such a large area p.252) and Hadar\u2014are visible from that clear skies are essential to latitude 20\u00b0S and farther south. glimpse it through binoculars or a The Square of Pegasus dominates low-power telescope.The Saturn the northeastern sky. Nebula, NGC 7009, is so named because, when seen through a large First-magnitude Fomalhaut (see telescope, it appears to have rings p.253) in Piscis Austrinus is almost like the planet Saturn. A small overhead, along with Capricornus telescope shows the Saturn Nebula and Aquarius. Achernar, the bright simply as a greenish disk. star at the end of the celestial river Eridanus, is high in the southeast, Also in Aquarius is the globular as is the Small Magellanic cluster M2, which resembles a Cloud (see p.311). A group of fuzzy star when seen through constellations with exotic names, binoculars.To the north of this is such as Phoenix,Tucana, Grus, and another globular cluster that can Pavo, is spread across the southern be viewed through binoculars, half of the sky. M15 in Pegasus. THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS This small satellite galaxy (left) appears beside the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (right), which is This chart shows the positions of the planets in September from 2012 to 2019. The planets are in the foreground in our own galaxy. represented by colored dots, while the number inside each dot denotes the year. For all planets apart from Mercury, the dot indicates the planet\u2019s position on September 15. Mercury is shown NEPTUNE only when it is at greatest elongation (see p.68) \u2013 for the specific date, refer to the table, left. 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Mercury Mars Saturn Neptune AQUARIUS Venus Jupiter Uranus EXAMPLES 18 Saturn\u2019s position on September 15, 2018. The arrow indicates the planet is in retrograde motion (see p.68). 13 Jupiter\u2019s position on September 15, 2013 30\u00b0 9PM 3PM 20\u00b0 Altair Arcturus 6PM CAPRICORNUS 10\u00b0 OPHIUCHUS AQUARIUS 18 19 16 SAGITTARIUS 18 17 19 VIRGO 16 16 0\u00b0 15 19 \u201310\u00b0 16 Antares Shaula 12 17 14 14 13 13 12 18 18 15 \u201320\u00b0 14 LIBRA \u201330\u00b0 THE NIGHT SKY EVENING SCORPIUS SKY","HERCULES CYGDeNnUebS M39 LACERT A 31 M34 M33 ARIES SERPENS CAPUT DROMEDA M Vega TRIANGULUM LYRA AN HYADESTAURUS M M92 PLEIADES Aldebaran 13 WEST CBOORROENAALIS M52 NGC 869 RSEUS EAST NGC 884 BOOTES DRACO CASSIOPEIMA103 PE CEPHEUS Arcturus BE M101 URSA MINOR Polaris CAMELOPARDALIS Capella AURIG A 38 COMA M81 M CANES M51 Mizar DTHIPEPEBRIG M36 M3 M37 VENATICI URSA MAJOR EAST RENICES LEO MINOR M1 NORT LYNX GEMINI HW Castor NORTH EST OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH August 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH September 1 11pm Midnight September 15 10pm 11pm SEPTEMBER | NORTHERN LATITUDES October 1 9pm 10pm October 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 480 THE NIGHT SKY","","SERPENS CAPUT M10 M26 M11 CAPRICORNUS AQUARIUS CETUS Mira M12 SCUSTEURMPENS CAUDA OPHIUCHUS AQUIL A M2 ECLIPTIC M14 PEGASUS WEST VULPECUSALAGITTAAltaMir2D7 ELPHIENQUUSULEUS M15 ANDROMEDA S EAST ARIES HERCULE M31 PISCE S M57 Albireo 33 M92 M Vega CYGNUS M29 ANGULUM HW TRI M13 EST LYRA PERSEU M34 Deneb M39 S LACERTA RT DRACO M52 NGC 869 NGC 884 EAST NO NORTH CEPHEUS M103 CASSIOPEIA OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH August 15 Midnight 1 am LOOKING NORTH September 1 11 pm Midnight September 15 10 pm 11 pm SEPTEMBER | SOUTHERN LATITUDES October 1 9 pm 10 pm October 15 8 pm 9 pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 482 THE NIGHT SKY","AQUARIUS Fomalhaut M24 M17 M21 M18 M16 M30 CAPRICORNUS M25 OPHIUCHUS CETUS M22 M23 M62 M9 TOR AUSPTIRSICNIUS S TTARIMU55S M28 M8 SCULP SAGI M69 M54 M7 M19 Shaula M6 Antares EAST FORNAX MICROSCOPIUM M80 WEST GRUS TACEUOLSRETOSRNCAOALPISIUM M4 LIBRA ARA INDUS SCORPIUS ERIDANUS PHOENIX TUCANA PAVO S LUPU Achernar NORMA HOUM ROLOGIUM NGC 104 TRIAAUNSGTURLAULME CAEL SMC COLUMBA RETICULUM HYDRUS OCTANS CIRHaCdIaNr US DORADO MENSA APUS LMC MUSCA RKigeinl taurus CENNGCTA51U39RUS SOUTH UTHEAST PUPPIS Canopus PICTOR CHAMAELEON Acrux BeGcarcurxux W SO EST VOLANS CRUX CARINA STAR MOTION North VELA SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH SEPTEMBER | SOUTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 483","","OCTOBER 485 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS that stands out is 1st-magnitude high in the north, the Square of DEEP-SKY OBJECTS In contrast to the sparkling skies of Fomalhaut (see p.253), almost Pegasus. Between Pegasus and southern winter, the constellations overhead in the constellation Piscis Fomalhaut lies Aquarius, the Water Tucana contains the second-best of October evenings are mostly Austrinus. In the northwest sky is Carrier. More constellations with globular cluster in the sky, 47 faint and unremarkable. One star Altair (see p.252) in Aquila and, watery associations fill the eastern Tucanae, or NGC 104, which is visible to the naked eye as a fuzzy FAMILIAR ASTERISMS part of the sky\u2014 star and appears impressive through The Circlet of Pisces (left) and the Pisces, the Fish; binoculars. It covers the same area Y-shaped Water Jar of Aquarius (right) Cetus, the Sea of sky as a full moon, near the are two easily recognizable star Monster or the Small Magellanic Cloud, but it lies patterns in the October evening sky. Whale; and Eridanus, much closer to us\u2014about 15,000 the River.The light-years away\u2014in our own constellation Galaxy. On the edge of the SMC, Eridanus ends at the NGC 362 is another, fainter bright star Achernar, globular cluster, also in our galaxy. high in the south. The Small Magellanic October and November Cloud (see p.311) is evenings are the best time for lower in the south, southern observers to view the with the Large Andromeda Galaxy, M31 (see Magellanic Cloud pp.312\u2013313), which lies low in (see p.311) now in the northern sky. Near it is view in the southeast. another member of our Local Canopus in Carina Group of galaxies, M33, a smaller is also visible in the spiral galaxy that is less easy to see. southeast, for those In clear, dark skies, it can be farther south of the glimpsed through binoculars or a equator than 20\u00b0S. low-power telescope as a large, rounded patch. 19 18 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 1 17 PISCES AQUARIUS 16 15 14 13 12 MIDNIGHT CETUS URANUS NEPTUNE 9PM NOON 6PM 3PM 20\u00b0 Altair 10\u00b0 Arcturus 0\u00b0 \u201310\u00b0 PISCES \u201320\u00b0 \u201330\u00b0 AQUARIUS \u201340\u00b0 OPHIUCHUS VIRGO 12 17 18 17 19 16 15 18 14 13 19 CAPRICORNUS 12 16 13 13 19 18 19 16 18 14 Antares 12 LIBRA THE NIGHT SKY EVENING SAGITTARIUS Shaula SKY SCORPIUS","VULPECULA M57 LYRA M31 M34TRIANGULUM PLEIADES HYADES Bellatrix PERSEUS OPHIUCHUS Albireo M29 ANDROMEDA TAUAlRdeUbaSran CYGNUS M39 LACERTA ORION Deneb NGC 869 Betelgeuse NGC 884 M1 M52 M103 WEST Vega CEPHEUS M36 EAST CASSIOPEIA CAMELOPARDALIS M38 HERCULES Capella M37 AURIG M35 A M13 M92 CORONA BOREALIS DRACO Po aris GEMINI Castor BOOTES URSA MINOR LYNX Pollux HW M81 EST M101 Mizar NORT THE BIG URSA MAJOR EAST DIPPER M51 NORTH CANES VENATICI LEO MINOR OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH September 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH October 1 11pm Midnight October 15 10pm 11pm OCTOBER | NORTHERN LATITUDES November 1 9pm 10pm November 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 486 THE NIGHT SKY","ORION M33 ANDROMEDA M27 OPHIUCHUS TRIANGULUM SAGITTA AQUILA ARIES CLIPTIC PEGASUS US E Altair TAURUS EAST PISCES M15 DELPHIN SCUTUMM26 M11 WEST EQUULEUS M17 M2 ERIDANUS Mira M25 CAPRICORNUS CETUS M22 AQUARIUS FORNAX PISCIS AUSTRINUS M30MICROSCOPIUM M55 Fomalhaut TARIUS M54 SAGIT SCULPTOR SOUTHEAST HOROLOGIUM PHOENIX GRUS W EST INDUS TH SOU STAR MOTION Achernar TUCANA North SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH OCTOBER | NORTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 487","AQUILA AQUARIUS TUS Mira ERIDANUS ORION M11 Bellatrix M2 CE AURUS AlHdYeAbDarEaSn T OPHIUCHUS Altair EQUULEUS EAST WEST SAG VULPEC ITTA DE M15 PISCES ULA LPHINUS ECLIPTIC PEGASUS IES PLEIADES Albireo M27 AR PERSEUS LYRA CYGNUS M29 LACERTA ANDROMEDA M33 TRIANGULUM AURIGA M57 Deneb M39 M34 M31 Vega CASSIOPEIA Capella NORTHW CEPHEUS M52 M103 NGC 869NGC 884 CAMELOPARDALIS EAST EST DRACO NORTH OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH September 15 Midnight 1 am LOOKING NORTH October 1 11 pm Midnight October 15 10 pm 11 pm OCTOBER | SOUTHERN LATITUDES November 1 9 pm 10 pm November 15 8 pm 9 pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 488 THE NIGHT SKY","CETUS Fomalhaut COPIUM M30 CAPRICORNUS M26 SCUTUM SMA54GITTARIUM5S5 RigeOl RION SCULPTOR AUPISSTCRISINUS M16 OENIX M42 FORNAX PH M25 M24 M17 SERPEM9NSM2C3AUDA M18 ERIDANU M22 EAST LEPUS S MICROS M28 M21 WEST M8 GRUS HOROLOGIUM Achernar M69 M CANIS MAJOR CAELU INDUS 7 M6 PAVO M M19 TUCANA ACUOSRTORNAATLIESLESCOPIUM Shaula Antares COLUMBA DORADO RETICULUM NGC 104 SCORPIUS M4 SMC M62 OCTANS Adhara HYDRUS ARA PUPPISCanopus PICTOR MENSA CHAMAELEON APUS TRAIAUNSGTURLAULEM NORMA HEAST VELA LUPUS T LMC MUSCA CIRCINUS W U SOUTH EST SO VOLANS RKigeinl taurus CARINA Hadar Acrux BecruxCENTAURUS STAR MOTION CRUX Gacrux North SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH OCTOBER | SOUTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 489","","NOVEMBER 491 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS DEEP-SKY OBJECTS Achernar, the bright star at the South of the head of Cetus is end of Eridanus, lies high in the M77, the brightest of the Seyfert- south on November evenings.The type galaxies (see p.320). Seyferts other stars of Eridanus extend to are spiral galaxies with unusually Orion, which is rising in the east. bright centers, caused by hot gas Aldebaran and the stars of Taurus spiraling around a massive black are in the northeast, and the hole. A telescope is required to Square of Pegasus is high in the see M77. northwest. Aquarius is in the west, with Fomalhaut (see p.253) in In the south, the globular Piscis Austrinus in the southwest. cluster 47 Tucanae is still in view The Large and Small Magellanic near the meridian.The Large Clouds (see p.310 and p.311) Magellanic Cloud, with the are high in the south. Brilliant Tarantula Nebula, NGC 2070, is Canopus in Carina is in the in the southeast, but it is best southeast, with Sirius (see p.268) seen in January. In the north, the in Canis Major rising in the east. galaxies M31 and M33 are visible, Overhead is Cetus, containing the while the Pleiades (see p.291) and long-period variable star Mira. Hyades clusters (see p.290) are moving higher in the east. URANUS NEPTUNE 19 17 PISCES 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 18 AQUARIUS 16 15 14 13 12 CETUS 9PM CLASSIC VARIABLE The long-period variable star Mira (center) appears strongly red when near maximum brightness. The 9th-magnitude star to its left is unrelated. ARIES 6PM NOON Mira 3PM PISCES Altair 10\u00b0 AQUARIUS OPHIUCHUS 0\u00b0 \u201310\u00b0 18 CAPRICORNUS \u201320\u00b0 Fomalhaut \u201330\u00b0 16 14 \u201340\u00b0 16 17 15 18 14 \u201350\u00b0 18 EVENING 19 18 12 19 Antares 14 13 16 19 17 SAGITTARIUS Shaula THE NIGHT SKY SKY SCORPIUS","M27 M31 M34 DELPHINUS EUS M35 SAGITTA ANDROMEDA PERS IS LACERTA M52 CASSIOPME1I0A3 869 M37 GEMINI AQUILA NGC 884 Capella CANIS MINOR CYGNUS NGC Altair AURIGA Procyon M29 VULPECULA CAMELOPARDAL M38 M36 WEST Albireo M39 Castor EAST Deneb Pollux CEPHEUS CANCER M57 M44 LYRA LYNX Vega Polaris HERCULES DRACO URSA MINOR NOR E A S T LEO M81 M92 M13 TDHIEPPBEIGR URSA MAJOR I M RT HW Mizar LEO NO EST M101 NORTH M51 CANES VENATICI BOOTES OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH October 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH November 1 11pm Midnight November 15 10pm 11pm NOVEMBER | NORTHERN LATITUDES December 1 9pm 10pm December 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 492 THE NIGHT SKY","M1 ANDROMEDA AQUILA PEGASUS MONOCEROS Betelgeuse ORION PLEIADES TRIANGULUM M33 M15 M2 M50 Bellatrix THAYUADRESUS ARIES EQUULEUS Aldebaran ECLIPTIC EAST Sirius CANIS MAJOR PISCES CAPRICORNUS WEST M41 M42 Rigel AQUARIUS Mira LEPUS CETUS CROSCOPIUM M30 COLUMBA Fomalhaut I M CAELUM ERIDANUFOS RNAX SCULPTOR AUPSISTCRIISNUS SOUTHEAST DORADO PHOENIX W GRUS EST SOUTH HOROLOGIUM RETICULUM TUCANA STAR MOTION Achernar North SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH NOVEMBER | NORTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 493","Rigel MONOCEROS M42 AQUILA Altair EQUULEUS M2 CETUS ERIDANUS Bellatrix ORION DELPHINUS S AQUARIUS Mira Betelgeuse Deneb ECLIPTIC WEST SAGITTA HWM15 HYADES Aldebaran GEMINI EAST EST M27 PEGASUS ARIES M1 ANDROMEDA M35 PLEIADES TAURUS CEPHEUS M33 CYGNU M36 M37 M38 M29 TRIANGULUM AURIGA LACERTA M31 M34 M39 Capella NORT NGC 869 NGC 884 PERSEUS LYNX EAST CAMELOPARDALIS NORTH M52 CASSIOPEIA M103 OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH October 15 Midnight 1 am LOOKING NORTH November 1 11 pm Midnight November 15 10 pm 11 pm NOVEMBER | SOUTHERN LATITUDES December 1 9 pm 10 pm December 15 8 pm 9 pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 494 THE NIGHT SKY","Sirius CETUS ULPTOR Fomalhaut AQUARIUS M50 LEPUS FORNAX AUMS3T0PIRISNCIUSS MONOCEROS CAPRICORNUS M47 CAMNAIJSORM93 M41 ERIDANUS SC CAELUM PHOENIX EAST M46 HOROLOGIUM OPIUM WEST MGI54TTARIUSM55 Adhara COLUMBA GRUS MICROSC PUPPIS Achernar VELA CanopusDORADO INDUS M22 RETICULUM NGC 104 TUCANA SA STRORALOINSA PICTOR HYDRUS SMC M69 PYXIS LMC C AU CARINA VOLANS PAVO TELESCOPIUM MENSA PIUS M7 OCTANS ARA SCOR APUS TRAIAUNSGTRUALLUEM Shaula T HEAST CHAMAELEON W SOU MUSCA EST SOUTH CIRCINUS NORMA CRUX Acrux STAR MOTION Hadar North Gacrux Becrux RKiegniltaurus CENTAURUS SOUTH LOOKING SOUTH NOVEMBER | SOUTHERN LATITUDES South STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary Horizons 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Zeniths 0\u00b0 20\u00b0S 40\u00b0S Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula THE NIGHT SKY 495","","DECEMBER 497 SOUTHERN LATITUDES THE STARS Canis Minor, and Sirius in Canis Major form a large triangle, which The distinctive figures of Orion is a sign of the approaching and Taurus are high in the southern summer. northeast, with Gemini and Auriga closer to the horizon. Perseus lies DEEP-SKY OBJECTS low in the north, while the Square of Pegasus sets in the northwest, December and January evenings followed by Pisces. Fomalhaut are the best time for southern (see p.253) in Piscis Austrinus is observers to see the Pleiades (see in the southwest. p.291) and Hyades (see p.290), two large and prominent open star Eridanus, the River, meanders clusters north of the equator in southwestward from the foot of Taurus.The Large Magellanic Orion, ending at the bright star Cloud, containing the Tarantula Achernar. Brighter Canopus is Nebula, NGC 2070, is high in the high in the southeast in Carina. southeast but it is better seen in The Large and Small Magellanic January. Overall, the southern Clouds (see p.310 and p.311) lie evening sky is bereft of prominent high in the south, on either side of deep-sky objects near the celestial the celestial meridian. In the east, meridian this month. Betelgeuse in Orion, Procyon in POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD The LMC (bottom) lies deep in the southern This chart shows the positions of the planets in December from 2012 to 2019. The planets are sky between the bright stars Canopus (left) represented by colored dots, while the number inside each dot denotes the year. For all planets apart and Achernar (top right). The small pink from Mercury, the dot indicates the planet\u2019s position on December 15. Mercury is shown only when it patch on the LMC is the Tarantula Nebula. is at greatest elongation (see p.68)\u2014for the specific date, refer to the table, left. Mercury Mars Saturn Neptune URANUS Venus Jupiter Uranus 19 PISCES NEPTUNE 18 17 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 1 EXAMPLES 16 15 AQUARIUS 14 Jupiter\u2019s position on December 15, 2014 12 Jupiter\u2019s position on December 15, 2012. The arrow 14 13 indicates the planet is in retrograde motion (see p.68). 12 Capella CETUS 6PM TAURUS Pleiades ARIES PISCES 3PM NOON Altair 10\u00b0 12 Mira 0\u00b0 Aldebaran AQUARIUS \u201310\u00b0 Hyades 18 \u201320\u00b0 16 \u201330\u00b0 ellatrix \u201340\u00b0 Rigel CAPRICORNUS 14 13 12 19 18 19 17 16 15 19 16 14 EVENING Fomalhaut THE NIGHT SKY SAGITTARIUS Shaula SKY \u201350\u00b0","EQUULEUS M15 DELPHINUS PEGASUS M34 M67 WEST M31 PERSEUS AURICaGpAella GEMINI CANCER M44 ANDROMED Castor Pollux A NGC 869 NGC 884 CASSIOPME1I0A3 NX O EAST LY MINOR M52 LEO LACERTA CAMELOPARDALIS Regulus SAGITTA M27 M39 LE CY M29GNUS Deneb CEPHEUS Polaris M81 URSA MAJOR HERCULME9S2 URSA MINOR THDEIPBPEIGR AVlbUireLoPECULA LYRA M13 DRACO CANES VENATICI ICES Mizar COMA BEREN EAST M57 Vega M51 NORT M101 HW EST NORTH BOOTES OBSERVATION TIMES Date Standard Daylight- time saving time NORTH November 15 Midnight 1am LOOKING NORTH December 1 11pm Midnight December 15 10pm 11pm DECEMBER | NORTHERN LATITUDES January 1 9pm 10pm January 15 8pm 9pm STAR MAGNITUDES DEEP-SKY OBJECTS POINTS OF REFERENCE -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Horizons 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Zeniths Variable Galaxy Globular Open Diffuse Planetary 60\u00b0N 40\u00b0N 20\u00b0N Ecliptic star cluster cluster nebula nebula 498 THE NIGHT SKY"]