Time Sifters Archaeology Society Newsletter October 2021

OCTOBER-2021 PRESERVATION  EDUCATION  RESEARCH  INSPIRE Dear Member: Welcome back to another exciting season of Archaeology and History. The 2021/2022 season continues on October 20 with Dr. Diane Wallman of USF talking about a project she has been working on in the Caribbean “Colonial Encounters on the Caribbean Frontier: Archaeology at LaSoye 2”. On November 17 we are honored to have the City of Alexandria’s Archaeologist Dr. Eleanor Breen talk to us about her work on the waterfront of the Colonial City of Alexandria VA. The topic is “Archaeology at the River’s Edge”. We hope you will join us on ZOOM. Please go to our website for the complete Calendar (www.timesifters.org). Thank you for being a Time Sifters member. Darwin “Smitty” Smith, President [email protected] October 20 - at 6:00 PM – ZOOM. Colonial Encounters on the Caribbean Frontier: Archaeology at LaSoye 2 Dr. Diane Wallman Associate Professor of Anthropology at USF, and Director of the USF Historical Archaeology Laboratory In 2017, Hurricane Maria Kalinago and the European Patate”. Dr. Wallman is a exposed evidence of a colonial-era settlers. National Geographic Explorer settlement on the island of for her current work on the Dominica. The site is thought Diane Wallman is an Associate Caribbean island of Dominica. to be an informal European Professor of Anthropology at trading complex or pirate USF and Director of the USF Photos: Diane Wallman encampment established in the Historical Archaeology 16th century, abandoned in the Laboratory. Dr. Wallman is a early 18th century, and historical archaeologist focusing subsequently re-occupied by on the history of European the French in the 1740s. At the Colonialism and Atlantic time of the establishment of the Slavery. She is the co-editor settlement, Dominica was one of the book “Archaeology in of few territories controlled by Dominica: Everyday Ecologies the Kalinago, the Indigenous and Economies at Morne inhabitants of the Lesser Antilles. Dr. Wallman will discuss her research at the archaeological site of LaSoye, which aims to characterize the nature of the relationship between the ancestral Instructions for real time viewing: Register in advance for this meeting: Go to the Time Sifters website, www.timesifters.org and click on the registration url. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites #1466 - San Antonio Missions (USA) by: Smitty, Time Sifters Board Member. Sources: World Heritage Site, Wikipedia. The San Antonio Missions ing the indigenous peoples to The Espada Aqueduct, also are a group of five frontier mission the Catholic Church, the missions part of the Park run by the complexes situated along a 7.7- also included all the components National Park Service, is across mile stretch of the San Antonio required to establish the river. River basin in southern Texas. self-sustaining, communities The complexes were built in loyal to the Spanish Crown. The fifth is the Misión de Álamo, the early 18th century and as known as the Alamo. It is located in a group they illustrate the In order from north downtown San Antonio. On Spanish Crown’s efforts to (upstream of the San Antonio July 5, 2015, the San Antonio colonize, evangelize and defend River) to south the missions Missions National Historical the northern frontier of New are Mission Concepción, Park, along with the Alamo, Spain. In addition to convert- Mission San Jose, Mission was designated UNESCO World San Juan, and Mission Espada. Heritage site #1466. Misión Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña was established in 1716 as Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Hainais in East Texas. The mission was moved in 1731 to San Antonio. Founded by Franciscan friars, this is the best preserved of the Texas missions. Located at 807 Mission Road, Mission Concepcion was designated a National Historic Landmark on April 15, 1970. Misión San José y San Miguel de Aguayo was established in 1720. The church, which is still standing, was constructed in 1768. Mission San Jose was founded by Father Antonio Margil. It is located at 6519 San Jose Drive, it was designated the San Jose Mission National Historic Site in 1941. The park's visitor center is located adjacent to it. Photos: National Park Service Misión San Juan Capistrano was established in 1716 as Misión San Jose de los Nazonis in East Texas. The mission was renamed and moved in 1731 to San Antonio. Located on Mission Road, San Juan was listed on the National Register on February 23, 1972. Another mission bearing the name San Juan Capistrano is located San Juan Capistrano, California. Misión San Francisco de la Espada was established in 1690 as San Francisco de los Tejas near present-day Augusta and renamed San Francisco de los Neches in 1721. The mission was moved in 1731 to San Antonio and given its current name. Located on Espada Road, this mission was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1972. Misión de Álamo, commonly called the Alamo and originally known as the Misión San Antonio de Valero, is an historic Spanish mission and fortress compound founded in the 18th century in what is now San Antonio, Texas. It was the site of the Battle of the Alamo in 1836, where American folk heroes James Bowie and Davy Crockett died. Today it is a museum in the Alamo Plaza Historic District and a part of the San Antonio Missions World Heritage Site.

Notes from a Time Sifter American Indians in Retrospect By Evelyn Mangie, Time Sifters Board Member Although aware of the highly Photos: iStock. Photos: sophisticated cultures of the Britannica.com, Mesoamerican native peoples each other. Wikipedia, such as the Aztecs and the Their miscman.com, Mayans, the Indians of the bicameral National Park east coast are generally legislature Service thought of as primitive was adopted people who lived in teepees by the great loss”. and wore blankets. They are American The relationship between usually portrayed as founding knowledgeable about nature, fathers settlers and Indians later yet uncivilized and inferior when they deteriorated because of even though the first Europeans wrote the U.S. Constitution. misunderstandings and English that encountered the North distrust of “outsiders” too American Indians had a The Mayflower Pilgrims in different to be part of English different view. 1620 built their first settlement, society. So, the settlers grew to Plymouth, over the ruins of an hate them, yet they recognized John White was commissioned Indian village that had been their virtues. By the 18th century, to “draw life” of the Indians abandoned because of a American Indians were labeled around Roanoke settlement in plague. The Pilgrims were “noble savages,” an idealized 1585. He painted the Indians starving until Squanto, concept of uncivilized people. as productive farmers who along with two other survivors lived in organized villages. of the plague, walked into the But they were not uncivilized, settlement speaking English and they were not savages. The These Northeastern tribes had learned from earlier encounters term “noble savage” is an diplomatic relationships with with English fishermen and oxymoron (you can’t be both) their neighboring tribes and explorers. Squanto, made his and it is patronizing. Yet Indians some formed complex unions. home in Plymouth village for are still negatively propagandized in 30 Indian nations around 20 months, teaching the movies like “the Last of the Chesapeake Bay formed the settlers to plant and fertilize Mohicans” (1992) that Powhatan Confederacy that was native crops, and brokering governed like a kingdom. The peaceful relationships with the Continued on page 4 ... supreme leader was elected, neighboring tribes, probably and member leaders paid saving the settlement. When tribute taxes. Squanto died, Governor Bradford called his death “a In 1612, John Smith, leader of the first permanent English colony, Jamestown, wrote of the Powhatan Confederacy, “the forme of their Common wealth is a monarchical government, one as Emperour ruleth over many kings or governours. Their chiefe ruler is called Powhatan … His inferiour kings whom they call werowances are tyed to rule by customs.” The Iroquois around the Great Lakes formed another kind of confederacy, a complex federal union of five Indian nations in which elected leaders met in a bicameral legislature to decide common causes and to keep peace with

Continued from page 3 ... emphasized Indian Photos: Wikipedia They often wore European brutality while clothing at meetings like Disney’s They often used these. When they came to “Pocahantas” (1995) blankets town, they strolled along and “Dancing with (shawls) for the cobbled streets and Wolves” (1990) tried warmth but watched cargo ships to show Indians as regularly wore unload at the docks, nature protectors, leggings with a absorbing new ideas. but vulnerable to the tunic on top for men and a Within a hundred years stronger Americans. long dress for women. They after the first English never denied their traditions settlement, many eastern Some of us but were interested in the Indians built their houses remember the accomplishments of the New in European style. A “Crying Indian” ad Americans and often came Mohawk chief lived in an in 1971 put out by into the cities to go to the elegantly furnished mansion. environmentalists theater or to a conference. A Shawnee chief and his wife that featured Italian American had a very nice house and actor Iron Eyes Cody (real name Tribal chiefs were regularly slept in a four-poster bed. Espera de Corti), as a stereo- invited by U.S. presidents to Seneca chief Ely Parker typical “Indian.” These make it discuss diplomatic issues. (Donehogawa) watched difficult to appreciate real electrical experiments in Indian culture. Philadelphia and went on to earn an engineering degree at Archaeology and history prove Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. that the Northeastern Indians He worked on the construction lived in politically stable villages. of the Erie Canal and was They had an organized complex Adjutant to General Grant social structure, with advisors during the Civil War. He shook (council) and an army, just as did hands with General Robert E. most Europeans. Lee at Appomattox where Lee remarked that Parker was “a Their elected chief (king, real American” to which lord, noble) lived in the largest Parker answered, “we are all house. Subjects were loyal to Americans.” the leaders, followed tribal Indian tribal delegates laws, and loved their families. signed more than 500 treaties with the American federal ArchaeologySRQ website government. None were honored. Congress did not acknowledge From email to Dr. Uzi Baram the influence that the Iroquois Thank you for hosting the ArchaeologySRQ website. I got this bicameral government had in our Constitution until 1988 email today and am happy to share it with you: \"I am a history even though Ben Franklin teacher at the Hershorin Schiff Community Day School, a Jewish wrote of it in 1789. It is time to interfaith school here in Sarasota, and was happy to share your discard the stereotype, to “archaeologysrq” website with my students, which we have recognize history, and to admit enjoyed using, thanks to its accessible, engaging and informative the truth. presentation for all ages.\" Board of Officers: Lifetime: $350 Pay online at: Directors Darwin \"Smitty\" Smith, President Individual: $25 WWW.TimeSifters.org Sherry Svekis, Vice President Family: $35 Or mail checks to: Mary S. Maisel, Secretary Student: $10 Time Sifters, Inc. Laura Harrison, Treasurer Supporting $50 PO Box 5283 Karen Jensen, Membership Sarasota, FL. 34277 Marion Almy Jean Louise Lammie Evelyn Mangie Copyright © 2021 Time SiftersArchaeology Society,Inc., All rights reserved.