Study Guide (4)

Study Guide Taylor Owens ( Health Science Mr.Pickett 1b)

Table of Contents Integumentary System - 1 Musculoskeletal System- 2 Nervous System- 3 Special Senses- 4 Cardiovascular System- 5 Respiratory System- 6 Digestive System -7 Urinary System- 8 Reproductive System- 9

Key Terms ● System Research Integumentary Vocabulary System ○ Epidermis- outermost layer ● derm/o, dermat/o - skin ○ Dermis- skin below the epidermis ● kerat/o-horny tissue / hard ○ Hair shaft-cortex and cuticle cells(actual hair) ○ Melanin- dark brown/ black pigment in hair, skin, and eye ● xer/o-dry ○ Nails- keratinous plate at the tip of fingers and toes ○ nail plate- hard part of the nail ● xanth/o-yellow ○ hair follicle- part of skin where hair grows ○ hair root- embedded in the hair follicle ● erythr/o-red ○ sebaceous gland- gland that secretes sebum ○ Sweat pore- opening of a sweat gland on the skin ● pedicu/o-lice ● diseases/disorders- ● onych/o-nail ○ athletes foot- fungal infection in the feet ○ Eczema- itchy inflammation of the skin ● myc/o-fungus ○ Ringworm- contagious fungal infection in the skin or scalp ○ Shingles- reactivation of chickenpox ● pil/o-hair ● Healthcare careers- Function-to act as a ● lip/o-fat ○ dermatologist -doctor who diagnose and treats skin barrier in order to protect ● rhytid/o-wrinkle disorders the body ● albin/o-white ○ plastic surgeon -doctor that repairs/ reconstructs body parts

Key Terms System Research Musculoskeletal ● Vocabulary- ○ Tendons-connects bone to muscle System ● my/o- muscle ○ Ligaments-connects bone to bone ○ axial skeleton- bones of head & vertebrate ● myel/o-spinal cord/ bone ○ appendicular skeleton- bones of the limbs ○ Muscles- tissue made of fibers marrow ○ Automaticity-ability for muscle to contract ○ Contractility- skeletal muscle to contract ● oste/o-bone ○ Elasticity- resting position of the skeletal muscles ○ Excitability- nerve impulses received for the skeletal ● cost/o-rib muscles by contracting ○ Extensibility- skeletal muscles to be stretched ● crani/o-skull ● Disease/ disorder ● -pexy -surgical fixation ○ Spina bifida- defect when a baby's spinal cord fails to develop ● chondr/o-cartilage ○ Fracture-cracking of a bone ○ Spasm-muscle cramps ● arthr/o- joint ○ Atrophy- wasting away of muscle tissue ● -plegia -paralysis ● Healthcare careers- Function- to provide ● kinesi/o- movement ○ orthopedic surgeon- surgeon that specializes in bones and support, protection, muscles ○ Chiropractor- a person who specializes in adjusting the spinal joint stability, and movement to the body

Nervous Key Terms System Research System ● neur/o-nerve ● Vocabulary ● encephal/o-brain ○ CNS - command center of body ● myel/o-spinal cord ○ PNS- connection between CNS and body ● ambul/o-walking ○ Brain- process and interpts neuro process ● -esthesia-sensation feeling ○ Brain stem- connects cerebrum to spinal cord ● mening/o-meninges ○ Nerves- when many neurons form a bundle of fibers ● psych/o-mind ○ Sensory input- electrical impulse sent from organs ● concuss/o- shaken together to CNS ○ Occipital lobe- controls vision Function-sends electrical impulse ○ Cerebrum- controls high level cognitive functions from sensory organs to CNS then ○ Diencephalon- site of 3 glands of endocrine system processes and interprets the info. then the body generates a response. ● Disease/ disorder ○ Stroke- weakened blood vessel ○ Paralysis- temporary / permanent loss of function ○ Meningitis- inflammation of the meninges ○ Eating disorder- unhealthy focus on weight & food ● Health care professions ○ Neurologist- treats disorders of nervous system ○ Neurosurgeon- specializes in fixing surgical problems of the nervous system

Special Key Terms System Research Senses ● irid/o-iris ● Vocabulary ● -cusis-hearing ○ Conjunctiva: clear membrane that lines the eyeball and ● -opia-vision condition eyelid ● ot/o-eye/vision ○ Iris-: colored muscular layer that surrounds the pupil ● tympan/o-eardrum ○ Choroid- blood rich layer under sclera ● opthalm/o-eye ○ Pupil- black circular portion that allows light in ● -metry- meter ○ Cones- color receptor ○ Lacrimal glands- secrete tears Function:receive external ○ Lacrimal canaliculi- tear duct stimulation & transmit the ○ Lacrimal sac- stores tears stimuli to sensory neurons ○ Cerumen- earwax ○ Olfactory nerve- 1st cranial nerve ● Disease/disorder ○ Tinnitus- sensation of noises in the ear when no sound is present ○ Anosmia- absence of smell ○ Ageusia- absence of gustatory sense ○ Nerve deafness- sensorineural hearing loss ● Healthcare careers ○ optometrist - doctor that specializes in eye and vision ○ Otolaryngologist- ear, nose and throat doctor

Cardiovascular Key terms System Research system ● cardi/o-heart ● Vocabulary Function: circulate ● angi/o-vessel (blood) ○ Aorta- largest artery oxygen-rich blood ● hem/o, hemat/o- ○ Vein- carry blood to heart through body and ● brady-slow ○ Artery- carry blood to body remove waste ● tachy- fast ○ pulmonary - blood pumped to lungs and heart through blood ● thromb/o-clot ○ Systemic- blood pumped to other systems ● -emia-blood condition ○ Circulation- pumping of oxygen and nutrients ● leuk/o-white ○ BP- pressure of blood against the wall of artery ● erythr/o-red or vein ● arteri/o-artery ○ Epicardium- innermost layer ○ Myocardium- middle layer ○ Pericardium- sac that protects heart ● Disease/ disorder ○ Atherosclerosis- plaque buildup ○ Tachycardia- fast heart rate ○ Bradycardia- slow heart rate ○ Embolus- mass in bloodstream ○ Hypertension- high blood pressure ● Professions ○ Cardiac surgeon- fixes heart problems ○ Cardiologist- studies and diagnosis heart problems

Respiratory Key Terms System Research System ● bronch/o-bronchus ● Vocabulary ● cyan/o-blue ○ Trachea- windpipe ● laryng/o-larynx ○ Pharynx- throat ● -oxia-oxygen ○ Larynx- voice box ● Oxy-swift ○ Bronchi- where oxygen and C02 are exchanged ● pleur/o-pluera ○ Alveoli- where gas exchange occurs ● pneum/o-lung,air ○ Lungs- main organ of respiratory system ● pulmon/o-lung ○ Diaphragm- separates abdominal and thoracic cavity ● thorac/o-chest ○ Inspiration- breathing in ● trache/o-trachea / windpipe ○ Expiration- breathing out ○ Respiration- the process of gas exchange Function: breathing in, exchange harmful CO2 for ● Diseases/disorders oxygen, breathing out ○ Hyperventilation- fast breathing caused by stress/ anxiety ○ Aspiration- breathing in a foreign object ○ Sputum- mucus coughed up ○ Pleural effusion- leaking of fluid into pleural cavity ● Healthcare professionals ○ Pulmonologist- physician that specializes in the respiratory system ○ Thoracic surgeon- specializes in chest surgery

Digestive Key Terms System Research system ● cholecyst/o-gallbladder ● Vocabulary ● enter/o-intestines ○ Mouth- food/ liquid enter ● col/o, colon/o-colon/large ○ Teeth- assist in mastication (grinding food) ○ Tongue- muscular organ attached to mouth intestine ○ Pharynx- throat (food travels down) ● hepat/o-liver ○ Esophagus- food or liquid enter; connects ● gastr/o-stomach pharynx to stomach ● or/o-mouth ○ Stomach- sac-like organ ● -pepsia- digestion ○ Small intestine- absorbs nutrients ● chol/e-gall,bile ○ Large intestine- connects ileum to anus ● proct/o- anus ;rectum ○ Rectum- stores solid waste ○ Feces- solid waste Function: ingestion(in take of food/liquid), digestion (breaking ● Disease/ disorders down), absorption(taking in ○ GERD- backward flow of stomach acid nutrients), and ○ IBD- inflammation in digestive tract elimationation(solid waste) ○ Pyrosis- heartburn ○ Obesity- having too much body fat ● Healthcare professions ○ Gastroenterologist- expert in digestive health ○ General surgeon- surgeons that fix the abdominal area

Urinary Key Terms System Research system ● -cele- hernia, swelling, ● Vocabulary Function: filters blood and protrusion ○ Kidney- filter blood, remove waste creates urine as a waste by ○ Ureters-duct that urine passes from kidney to bladder product ● -lysis- breakdown; seperation; ○ Bladder- muscular sac in pelvis loosening ○ Urethra- tube that connects bladder to urinary meatus ○ Urine-watery fluid stored in bladder ● cyst/o- cyst; fluid sac; bladder ○ Urination- release of urine ● nephr/o-kidney ○ Renal pelvis-point where 2 or 3 calyces join ● ren/o-kidney ○ Prostate-gland; secretes fluid that protects sperm ● -uria- urination, urine ○ Renal tubules -cells that filter clean blood ● -pexy- surgical fixation ○ Urinary tract-bodys drainage system for removing ● -ectasis- dilation, widening urine ● pyel/o- renal pelvis ● Disease/ disorder ○ Nocturia- frequent urination at night ○ Urinary retention-difficulty urinating ○ UTI-urinary tract infection ○ Cystocele- bladder hernia ● Healthcare professions ○ Urologist- treat problems within urinary system ○ Nephrologist- doctor that spalizes in kidneys

Reproductive Key Terms ● System Research system ● ● cervic/o-neck, cervix Vocabulary Function- reproduce new ● salping/o- fallopian tube ○ Testicle -make testerone, produces sperm beings ● ov/o- egg, ovum ○ Penis-male sex organ, where urine leaves body ● orchid/o- tests, tesicle ○ Semen- male reproductive fluid ● men/o-menses, menstruation ○ Ovary-female reproductive organ; where eggs are ● mamm/o-breast produced ● gynec/o- female, women ○ Fallopian-stretch from uterus and ovaries ● colp/o- vagina ○ Uterus- produce eggs ● prostat/o- prostate gland ○ Vagina-female muscular canal ○ Ovulation-fertilization of eggs ● ○ Placenta-develops during pregnancy , provides nutrients and removes waste from the baby's blood Disease/disorder ○ STI-sexually transmitted infections ○ Infertility-not being able to get pregnant ○ ED- erectile dysfunction ○ Genital warts-small bumps on the genitals caused STIs Healthcare professions ○ Endocrinologist- treats infertility in men & women ○ Gynecologist- doctor that specializes in women health