Health science flipbook layla cadet 2A

Health science flipbook By Layla cadet



Table of context Integumentary system :https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/edit#slide=id.g946ece0fa 0_0_0 Muscular system :https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/edit#slide=id.g72deda1b 47751a76_10 Nervous system https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/e dit#slide=id.g947e2e6ade_1_0 Special Senses :https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/edit#slide=id.g95f958e4e f_1_6 Cardiovascular system system:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/edit#slide=i d.g95383f7fd7_0_0

Table of context Respiratory system:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/ edit#slide=id.g95383f7fd7_0_19 Digestive system:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/ed it#slide=id.g96c9b62d30_0_2 Urinary system:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-UDCJq_YMV30/edi t#slide=id.g96c9b62d30_0_12 Reproductive system:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11aL4JIqajT8box6IOWBRrtku8rm75RE-U DCJq_YMV30/edit#slide=id.g9907d37b82_0_1

Integumentary system Key terms (define): derm/o,dermat/o:skin kerat/o:hard,horn-shaped tissue xer/o:dry xanth/o:yellow erythr/o:red pedicu/o:lice onych/o:nail myc/o:fungus pil/o:hair,hair follicle lip/o:fat rhytid/o:wrinkle albin/o:white Function of integumentary system:The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature. Vocab: 1.body temperature:Body temperature is a measure of your body's ability to make and get rid of heat. 2.excretion:Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. Recall that carbon dioxide travels through the blood and is transferred to the lungs where it is exhaled. In the large intestine, the remains of food are turned into solid waste for excretion.: 3.body temperature maintenance:the skin contains sweat glands that secrete fluid in the form of perspiration. 4.epidermis:The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. 5.dermis:The dermis is a connective tissue layer sandwiched between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. The dermis is a fibrous structure composed of collagen, elastic tissue, and other extracellular components that includes vasculature, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands 6.collagen:an insoluble fibrous protein of vertebrates that is the chief constituent of the fibrils of connective tissue (as in skin and tendons) and of the organic substance of bones and yields gelatin and glue on prolonged heating with water 7.keratin:Keratins are best known for providing strength and resilience to cells that form the hair, skin, and nails 8.melanin:when pigment of your skin is black 9.melanocytes:Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. 10.basal layers:The basal layer is the innermost layer of the epidermis, and contains small round cells called basal cells. The basal cells continually divide, and new cells constantly push older ones up toward the surface of the skin, where they are eventually shed.

Integumentary system Disease/disorder 1.albinism:A group of inherited disorders characterized by little or no melanin production. 2.alopecia:Sudden hair loss that starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap. 3.cicatrix:A growth of tissue marking the spot where skin has healed after an injury. 4.cyanosis:Bluish or grayish color of the skin, nails, lips, or around the eyes. Healthcare careers 1.dermatologist:skin care doctors who have expertise in the care of normal skin, and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails. 2.dermatology technician:measuring vital signs, preparing patients for exams, and helping doctors during examinations

Muscular system Key terms (define): my/o:muscle myet/o:bone marrow oste/o:bone crani/o:skull -pexy:surgical fixation chondr/o:cartilage arthr/o:joint -plegia:stroke,paralysis kinesi/o:motion Function of muscular system:The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal , smooth and cardiac muscles . It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. Vocab: 1.elasticity:the capability of a strained body to recover its size and shape after deformation : springiness. 2.excitability:capable of being readily roused into action or a state of excitement or irritability.and capable of being activated by and reacting to stimuli excitable cells. 3.extensibility:the capability of being stretched extensibility of muscle 4.tendon:A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. 5.fascia:Fascia is connective tissue. It connects every part of the body with every other part, wrapping around muscles and holding organs in place. 6.epimysuim:Outside membrane of the muscle wraps up the bundle to form a muscle. Fascicle. a bundle of muscle cells. *between the muscles. 7.perimysium:the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers. 8.ligament:a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. 9.automaticity: the capacity of a cell to generate an action potential spontaneously without an external stimulus Atrial tachycardias due to abnormal automaticity or triggered activity are particularly difficult to abolish with antiarrhythmic drugs. 10.contractility:the capability or quality of shrinking or contracting especially : the power of muscle fibers of shortening into a more compact form.

Muscular system disease/disorder: 1.adhesion:An adhesion is a band of scar tissue that binds two parts of your tissue that are not normally joined together 2.ataxia:Impaired balance or coordination, can be due to damage to brain, nerves, or muscles. 3.atrophy:Muscle atrophy is when muscles waste away. It's usually caused by a lack of physical activity. When a disease or injury makes it difficult or impossible for you to move an arm or leg, the lack of mobility can result in muscle wasting. 4.contracture:a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints. Healthcare careers 1.certified fitness trainer:A personal trainer is an individual who has earned a certification that demonstrates they have achieved a level of competency for creating and delivering safe and effective exercise programs for apparently healthy individuals and groups or those with medical clearance to exercise. 2.sports machine physician :treat, and help prevent injuries that occur during sporting events, athletic training, and physical activities. They also diagnose or treat disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Nervous system Key terms(define): neur/o:nerve encephal/o:brain myel/o:bone marrow ambul/o: to walk -Esthesia: feeling.sensation mening/o:meninges psych/o:mind concuss/o:shaken together, violently agitated System research: function of the nervous system:the nervous system continually relays messages to and from the brain or spinal cord and controls bodily activity. vocab 1.sensory input:is any electrical impulse sent from the sensory organs to the central nervous system 2.sensory receptors:which are nerve endings in the sensory organs.which are changes in the external or internal body. 3.intergration:enables the nervous system to accomplish its next function 4.motor output:muscles,or glands in the body that generate a response in the form of motor output. 5.neurons:fundamental cells of the nervous system.responsible for conducting electricity impulses throughout the body un response to an external or internal stimulus. 6.sensory neurons:conduct electrical signals from various parts of the body to the brain and the spinal cord. 7.motor neurons:receive electrical impulses from the brain and spinal cord and communicate these impulses to the other parts of the body 8.nerves:when many neurons form a bundle of fibers,these are known as nerves 9.the central nervous system (CNS):comprises the brain and the spinal cord.receives,processes,and responds in impulses from all over the body. 10.the peripheral nervous system(PNS): is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.

Nerv system disease/disorder 1.astrocytoma:tumor of the neuroglial 2.cerebral contusion: bruising in the cerebral tissue 3.cerebral palsy:disorder that affects movements and muscle tone;caused by defect in,or trauma to,the brain before birth. 4.hemorrhagic stroke:type of CVA that occurs when a weakened blood vessel,such as an aneurysm,ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding tissue of the brain. healthcare careers 1.neurosurgeon:is a physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the nervous system. 2.physcian anesthesiologist:is a doctor who administered general anesthesia to patients before surgery. Label the system

Special senses Key terms: irid/o:iris -cusis:hearing -opia:vision condition ot/o:ear tympan/o:eardrum ophthalm/o:eye -metry:measurement Function of special senses: Vocab (10) 1.eye:primary sense organ for vision 2.conjunctiva:clear,colorless mucus membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of the eyeball. 3.choroid:blood-rich tunic of eye 4.iris:pigmented muscular layer 5.aqueous humor:gives eyeball its shape 6.vitreous humor:helps keep retina in place 7.cones:eyes color receptors 8.retina:thin layer that lines posterior of eye internally 9.ciliary glands:tiny sweat glands (up and down) in margins of eyelids 10.pupil:black circular opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye. disease/disorders(4) 1.astigmatism:curvature of the cornea that produces blurred vision. 2.hyperopia:A vision condition in which nearby objects are blurry. 3.myopia:A condition in which close objects appear clearly, but far ones don't. 4.presbyopia: A gradual, age-related loss of the eyes' ability to focus actively on nearby objects.

Special senses Health care careers (2) 1.optometrist: healthcare professionals who provide primary vision care ranging from sight testing and correction to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of vision changes. 2.opthalmologist:An ophthalmologist diagnoses and treats all eye diseases, performs eye surgery and prescribes and fits eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct vision problems. Labeled system

cardiovascular Key terms: cardi/o:heart angi/o:vessel hem/o,hemat/o:blood brady/o:slow tachy/o:fast thromb/o:blood clot -emia:blood condition leuk/o:white blood cells erythr/o:red blood cells arteri/o:artery Function of cardiovascular system:The body takes these essential nutrients from the blood. At the same time, the body dumps waste products like carbon dioxide, back into the blood, so they can be removed. The main function of the cardiovascular system is therefore to maintain blood flow to all parts of the body, to allow it to survive. vocab(10): 1.pericardium:the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane. 2.epicardium:a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. 3.myocardium:the muscular tissue of the heart. 4.endocardium:the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves. 5.septum:The septum is the cartilage in the nose that separates the nostrils. Typically, it sits at the center and divides the nostrils evenly. However, in some people, this isn't the case. Many people have an uneven septum, which makes one nostril larger than the other. 6.atrioventricular valves:a valve between an atrium and ventricle of the heart 7.tricuspid valve:which lies between the two chambers on the right side of your heart — consists of three flaps of tissue called leaflets. The tricuspid valve opens when blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle 8.bicuspid valve:A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. The aortic valve regulates blood flow from the heart into the aorta. The aorta is the major blood vessel that brings oxygen-rich blood to the body. 9.semilunar valve:each of a pair of valves in the heart, at the bases of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, consisting of three cusps or flaps which prevent the flow of blood back into the heart. 10.circulation:the movement of blood through the vessels of the body induced by the pumping action of the heart

Cardiovascular system disease/disorder(4): 1.aneurysm:A ballooning and weakened area in an artery. 2.angina:A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart 3.bradycardia:slow heartbeat 4.flutter:a rapid vibration or pulsation. atrial flutter a cardiac arrhythmia in which the atrial contractions are rapid Healthcare careers(2): 1.cardiologist:a doctor who specializes in the study or treatment of heart diseases and heart abnormalities. 2.telemetry nurse:Telemetry nurses review data from special equipment to track a patient's heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and other vitals. They also carry out more traditional nursing duties such as administering medications and communicating with patients regarding their condition. Labeled systems:

Respiratory system bronch/o:bronchus cyan/o:blue laryng/o:larynx,voice box -oxia:oxygen -oxy:containing oxygen or additional oxygen pleur/o:rib/side pneum/o:lung,breath pulman/o:lungs thorac/o:chest trache/o:windpipe Function of respiratory system:The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, which carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe. vocab(10) 1.Ventilation:The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs). 2.Respiration:the movement of respiratory gases (as oxygen and carbon dioxide) into and out of the lungs.a single complete act of breathing 30 respirations per minute. 3.External respiration:is the formal term for gas exchange. It describes both the bulk flow of air into and out of the lungs and the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the bloodstream through diffusion. 4.Internal respiration:is the process of diffusing oxygen from the blood, into the interstitial fluid and into the cells. 5.nasal cavity:It is lined with a mucous membrane that helps keep your nose moist by making mucus so you won't get nosebleeds from a dry nose. There are also little hairs that help filter the air you breathe in, blocking dirt and dust from getting into your lungs. 6.Pharynx:As a component of the upper respiratory tract, the pharynx is part of the conducting zone for air into the lungs. Therefore, one of its primary functions is to warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs. 7.Larynx:also called voice box, a hollow, tubular structure connected to the top of the windpipe (trachea); air passes through the larynx on its way to the lungs. The larynx also produces vocal sounds and prevents the passage of food and other foreign particles into the lower respiratory tracts. 8.Trachea:a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. 9.Bronchi:The bronchi are the airways that lead from the trachea into the lungs and then branch off into progressively smaller structures until they reach the alveoli, the tiny sacs that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. 10.Respiratory rate:This is the number of breaths you take per minute. You can measure your breathing rate by counting the number of breaths you take over the course of one minute while you're at

Respiratory system disease/disorder(4): 1.apnea:temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep. 2.bradypnea:Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing rate. The normal breathing rate for an adult is typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. 3.dyspnea:Difficult or labored breathing. 4.eupnea:normal relaxed breathing. Healthcare careers(2): 1.respiratory therapist:A respiratory therapist (RT) is a certified medical professional who specializes in providing healthcare for your lungs. They have advanced knowledge of high-tech equipment, such as mechanical ventilators. 2.pulmonologist:Pulmonology is an area of medicine that focuses on the health of the respiratory system. Pulmonologists treat everything from asthma to tuberculosis. Labeled systems:

Digestive system Key terms: cholecyst/o:gallbladder enter/o:small intestines col/o,colon/o:large intestine,colon hepat/o:liver gastr/o:stomach or/o:mouth -pepsia:digestion chol/o:gall;bile proct/o:rectum;anus Vocab: 1.ingestion:the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it. 2.digestion:the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body. 3.absorption:Digested food molecules are absorbed in the small intestine . This means that they pass through the wall of the small intestine and into our bloodstream. Once there, the digested food molecules are carried around the body to where they are needed. 4.elimination:The removal of indigestible wastes through the anus, in the form of feces, is defecation or elimination. 5.bile:Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps with digestion. It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract. 6.oral cavity:It includes the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips, the front two thirds of the tongue, the upper and lower gums, the floor of the mouth under the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth, and the small area behind the wisdom teeth. 7.labia:via the mouth or oral cavity, mucous membrane lined. The lips (labia) protect its outer opening, cheeks form lateral walls, hard palate and soft palate form anterior/posterior roof. 8.hard palate:The hard palate is the horizontal bony plate that makes a subsection of the palate of the mouth. It makes the anterior two-thirds of the roof of the oral cavity. 9.tongue: 10.soft palate:The soft palate is located in the upper portion of the back of the mouth, behind the teeth. Function of digestive system:The digestive system is responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and repair itself. The six primary processes of the digestive system include: Ingestion of food. Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes.

Digestive system disorders/disease: 1.colon cancer:a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). The colon is the final part of the digestive tract. Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age. 2.crohns disease:A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract. 3.dental caries:Permanently damaged areas in teeth that develop into tiny holes. 4.enteritis:is inflammation of the small intestine Healthcare careers: 1.gastroenterologist: These specialists primarily diagnose and treat GI diseases in both men and women. They perform endoscopic procedures, in which they use specialized instruments to view the GI tract and make a diagnosis. 2.registered dietitian: nutritionists who design nutrition programs to protect health, prevent allergic reactions and alleviate the symptoms of many types of disease. Clinical dietitians provide medical nutrition therapy for patients in institutions such as hospitals and nursing care facilities. Labeled system:

Urinary system Key terms: -cele:hernia,tumor -lysis:loosening,decomposition Cyst/o:bladder nephr/o:kidney ren/o:kidney -uria:relating to urine -pexy:surgical fixation -ectasis:dilation,expansion pyel/o:pelvis Function of urinary system:The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. Vocab: 1.filtration:the kidneys separate metabolic waste products from your blood. 2.excretion:waste material eliminated from the body, including feces, urine, and sweat. 3.urine:it is liquid waste from the human body 4.waste storage:As more waste arrives, the nerves in the rectum let the brain know that it is time to empty this 'waste disposal' system. When we decide to go to the loo, the anus opens and the muscles in the rectum push out the faeces. 5.hormone production:The endocrine system is made up of organs and tissues that produce hormones. Hormones are natural chemicals produced in one location, released into the bloodstream, then used by other target organs and systems. 6.homeostasis maintenance: the maintenance by an organism of a constant internal environment; an example is the regulation of blood sugar levels by insulin. The process involves self-adjusting mechanisms in which the maintenance of a particular level is initiated by the substance to be regulated. 7.urinary tract:The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing urine, which is made up of wastes and extra fluid. 8.kidneys:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine. 9.renal cortex:The renal cortex is the outer part of the kidney. It contains the glomerulus and convoluted tubules. The renal cortex is surrounded on its outer edges by the renal capsule, a layer of fatty tissue. 10.nephron:each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine.

Urinary system diseases /disorders 1.anuria:Anuria is when the kidneys stop producing urine. The condition is usually the result of disease or damage to the kidneys. 2.diuresis: the increased or excessive production of urine. 3.dysuria: is discomfort or burning with urination, usually felt in the tube that carries urine out of your bladder (urethra) or the area surrounding your genitals (perineum). 4.enuresis:Nighttime loss of bladder control, or bed-wetting, usually in children. Healthcare careers: 1.dialysis technician: they work together with a doctor or nurse to provide patient care to people with permanent kidney failure (end-stage renal disease). 2.urologist:They are physicians who specialize in the genitourinary tract—the kidneys, urinary bladder, adrenal glands, urethra and male reproductive organs—and male fertility. Labeled system:

Reproductive system Key terms cervic/o:neck sapling/o:eustachian tube ov/o:ovum(eggs) orchid/o:testis,tesicle oophor/o:ovary men/o:menses,menstruation mamm/o:breast gynec/o:female,women colp/o:vigina prostat/o:prostate gland Function of reproductive system To produce egg and sperm cells. To transport and sustain these cells. To nurture the developing offspring. Vocab 1.sperm:Sperm is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction. 2.gametes:a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. 3.gonads:an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary. 4.seminiferous tubules: any of the coiled thread like tubules that make up the bulk of the testis and are lined with a layer of epithelial cells from which the spermatozoa are produced 5.testes:The testes are two oval-shaped male reproductive glands that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. 6.ovaries:One of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are made. 7.ova:a female gamete 8.follicles:are small sacs filled with fluid that are found inside a woman's ovaries. They secrete hormones which influence stages of the menstrual cycle and women begin puberty with about 300,000 to 400,000 of them. 9.ovulation:is the release of an egg from one of a woman's ovaries. After the egg is released, it travels down the fallopian tube, where fertilization by a sperm cell may occur. 10.zygote:a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Reproductive system disease/disorders 1. candidiasis:A fungal infection typically on the skin or mucous membranes caused by candida. 2.cervical cancer:A malignant tumor of the cervix, the lowermost part of the uterus. 3.cystocele:A bulge of the bladder into the vagina 4.eclampsia:A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure. Healthcare careers 1.gynecologist:are doctors who specialize in women's health, with a focus on the female reproductive system. 2.surgical technician:technologists may transport patients to surgery. Surgical technologists, also called operating room technicians, assist with operations. They prepare operating rooms, arrange equipment, and help doctors during surgeries. Labeled system (men and women)