body systems flipbook

Body Systems Flipbook Sri Pisupati 4A

Integumentary System Integumentary system function: to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids and protect against disease. Key terms: 4 diseases/abnormal conditions derm/o-skin 1. Basal cell carcinoma is a form of cancer that affects the kerat/o- cornea mitotically active stem cells in the stratum basale of the xer/o- dry epidermis. xanth/o- yellow 2. A melanoma is a cancer characterized by the uncontrolled erythr/o- red growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the pedicu/o- lice epidermis. onych/o- fungus 3. Eczema is an allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy myc/o- fungus patches of skin that resemble rashes. pil/o- hair 4. Acne is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of lip/o- fat the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (oil glands), such as rhytid/o- wrinkle the face and back. albin/o- white

Integumentary System 10 vocabulary words 1. abrasion- scraping away top layer skin 2 related health careers 2. cicatrix- scar 1. Dermatologists study the functions of the skin, and 3. comedo- collection of hard sebum the correlation between skin pathologies and disorders 4. contusion- injury of other organs in the body. 5. cyanosis- bluish tint to skin 2. Plastic surgeons perform operations that change the 6. depigmentation- loss of natural skin pigment appearance or look of a part of a patient's body and 7. diaphoresis- profuse sweating they also perform reconstructive surgeries of patients 8. ecchymosis- skin discoloration that have injuries in a severe accident or who have birth 9. erythema- redness of skin defects. 10. hirsutism- excessive body hair growth

Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal system function: The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. Key terms: 4 diseases/abnormal conditions my/o-muscle 1. Tendons are thick cords that join your muscles to your bones. When myel/o- bone marrow tendons become irritated or inflamed, the condition is called tendinitis. oste/o- bone 2. Swelling inside your wrist causes the compression in carpal tunnel cost/o- rib syndrome. It can lead to numbness, weakness, and tingling on the side of crani/o- skull your hand near the thumb. Pexy- surgical fixation 3. The ends of these bones are covered with protective tissue called chondr/o- cartilage cartilage. With osteoarthritis, this cartilage breaks down, causing the arthr/o- joint bones within the joint to rub together. plegia- paralysis 4. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint kinesi/o- movement pain and damage throughout your body.

Musculoskeletal System 2 related health careers 1. An orthopedic surgeon is a surgeon who has been educated and trained in the diagnosis and preoperative, operative, and postoperative treatment of diseases and injuries of the skeletal system. 2. A physical therapist is a health professional that addresses and treats people young and old that have trouble moving the way they should be able to. 10 vocabulary words 1. flexion- body movement by muscle action 2. hematopoiesis- production of blood cells in bone marrow 3. osteoblasts- bone forming cells 4. meatus- opening into a bone 5. tuberosity- site of muscle and ligament attachment 6. fontanel- incomplete bone formation 7. articulation- union of 2 or more bones 8. diarthrosis- freely movable joints 9. spondylitis- inflammation of back bones 10. sequestrum- death of bone

Nervous System Nervous system function: The nervous system has 3 main functions: sensory, integration, and motor. Sensory. The sensory function of the nervous system involves collecting information from sensory receptors that monitor the body's internal and external conditions. Key terms: 4 diseases/abnormal conditions neur/o- nerve 1. Motor neurone disease is the name for a group of diseases that encephal/o- brain affects particular nerves known as motor nerves, or motor neurons. myel/o- bone marrow 2. Cerebral palsy is a condition in which the ability to control muscles is ambul/o- to walk reduced due to nervous system damage before, during or after birth. -esthesia- sensation 3. Epilepsy is a long-term brain condition where a person has mening/o- meninges repeated seizures. psych/o- mind 4. Alzheimer's disease attacks brain cells and neurotransmitters, concuss/o- shaken affecting the way your brain functions, your memory and the way you behave. It is also the most common form of dementia.

Nervous System 2 related health careers 1. Neurological Surgeon is a medical doctor who operates on the nervous system, including the brain, spinal column and nerves. 2. Neuroradiologist is someone who diagnoses diseases of the nervous system through radiology and angiography, like X-rays, MRI and CT scans. 10 vocabulary words 1. neuron- nerve cell 2. synapse- gap between neurons 3. neurotransmitters- chemical messengers that cross synapses 4. dendrite- branches that receive signals 5. neuroglia- cells that support neurons 6. axon- extension of neuron 7. astrocyte- cell that transports water from capillaries 8. brainstem- joins cerebrum and spinal cord 9. cerebellum- coordinated muscle movements 10. meninges- protect the brain and spinal cord

Special Senses System Special Senses system function: The principle function of the special sensory receptors is to detect environmental stimuli and transduce their energy into electrical impulses. These are then conveyed along sensory neurons to the central nervous system, where they are integrated and processed, and a response is produced. 10 vocabulary words 4 diseases/abnormal conditions 1. neuron- nerve cell 1. Blindness is a general term to describe a general 2. sensation- process of detecting a stimulus lack of vision. It may also refer to a loss of vision that 3. perception- process of integrating, organizing and cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. interpreting sensations 2. Deafness, hearing impairment, or hearing loss is a 4. adaptation- response to a continuous stimulus partial or total inability to hear. 5. exteroceptors- receptors near the body surface 3. A cataract is a clouding area over the front part of 6. visceroceptors- receptors within visceral organs the eye an area that is normally transparent. It can 7. proprioceptors- provide information about body affect either one eye or both eyes movement 4. Ptosis is a condition in which one or both of a 8. merkel disks- disk shaped nerve endings child’s upper eyelid droops. It is caused by a poorly 9. cerebellum- coordinated muscle movements developed levator muscle. 10. meninges- protect the brain and spinal cord

Special Senses System 2 related health careers 1. Optometrists examine the eyes and other parts of the visual system. They also diagnose and treat visual problems and manage diseases, injuries, and other disorders of the eyes. 2. Otolaryngologists are trained in the medical and surgical treatment of hearing loss, ear infections, balance disorders, ear noise (tinnitus), nerve pain, and facial and cranial nerve disorders. Key terms: irid/o- iridescent -cusis- hearing problem -opia- the eyes ot/o- ears tympan/o- eardrum ophthalm/o- eye -metry- measure

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular system function: The main function of the cardiovascular system is therefore to maintain blood flow to all parts of the body, to allow it to survive. Veins deliver used blood from the body back to the heart. 10 vocabulary words 4 diseases/abnormal conditions 1. arteries- large blood vessels that carry blood away from 1. An arrhythmia/dysrhythmia can bring on an the heart uneven heartbeat or a heartbeat that is either 2. Veins- blood vessels that carry blood to the heart too slow or too fast. 3. capillaries- join arterioles and venules 2. In people who have Marfan syndrome, 4. endothelium- innermost layer of epithelial cells connective tissue lacks strength because of its 5. arterioles- smaller branches of arteries unusual chemical makeup. 6. venules- gather blood into veins 3. Coronary artery disease is when plaque 7. valves- prevent blood backflow in veins builds up and hardens the arteries that give 8. aorta- largest artery in the body your heart vital oxygen and nutrients. 9. venae cavae- oxygen deficient blood flows through 4. Aortic stenosis is when aortic valve narrows 10. systemic circulation- blood circulation for the whole body and slows blood flow from your heart to the rest of your body.

Cardiovascular System Key terms: cardi/o- heart angi/o- vessel hem/o, hemat/o- blood Brady- slow Tachy- fast thromb/o- blood clot -emia- pertaining to blood leuk/o- white erthyr/o- red arteri/o- artery 2 related health careers 1. Experienced surgeons can obtain additional qualifications in order to get a specialist cardiology job. They perform major operations on hearts, major blood vessels, veins and arteries. 2. An Invasive Cardiologist job involves everything in a Non-Invasive Cardiologist job description, and they are also trained in cardiac catheterization and other minor surgeries. This is a diagnostic procedure used to locate blocked arteries in the heart.

Respiratory System Respiratory system function: The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. This system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood. Common problems include allergies, diseases or infections. Key terms: 4 diseases/abnormal conditions bronch/o- heart 1. Asthma is defined as a common, chronic respiratory condition cyan/o- vessel that causes difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the airways. laryng/o- blood 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an umbrella term that -oxia- slow encompasses several respiratory illnesses that cause oxy- fast breathlessness, or the inability to exhale normally. pleur/o- blood clot 3. Emphysema is a serious respiratory disease, which is another pneum/o- pertaining to blood form of COPD. Those who suffer from emphysema have trouble pulmon/o- white exhaling air from their lungs. thorac/o- red 4. With the ability to develop in any part of the lungs, this cancer is trache/o- artery difficult to detect. Most often, lung cancer develops in the main part of the lungs near the air sacs.

Respiratory System 2 related health careers 10 vocabulary words 1. An RPFT has the option of working within a hospital, in a 1. larynx- voice box pulmonary laboratory outside the hospital, in a doctor’s office, 2. trachea- windpipe and or in dedicated business practice. 3. bronchi- passages from trachea to lungs 2. Respiratory therapists help people who suffer from chronic 4. lungs- responsible for respiration respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis and emphysema. 5. alveoli- manage the movement of gases between air People who have had heart attacks or who have sleep and blood disorders and infants who are born prematurely might also 6. mucus- protective secretion need respiratory therapy to help them breathe more easily. 7. breathing- passing air in and out of the lungs 8. inspiration- breathing in 9. pleura- covers lungs and lines of thoracic cavity 10. sinuses- cavities or air spaces in bones

Digestive System Digestive system function: The digestive system is responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and repair itself. The six primary processes of the digestive system include: Ingestion of food. Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes. Key terms: 4 diseases/abnormal conditions cholecyst/o- gallbladder 1. Peptic Ulcer Disease is an open sore in the lining of the enter/o- intestine stomach or upper part of the small intestine. hepat/o- liver 2. Stomach flu/gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach gastr/o- stomach and upper part of the small intestine. or/o- mouth 3. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to long-lasting -pepsia- digestion inflammation in the digestive tract. chol/e- bill, gall 4. Constipation is difficult or infrequent passage of stool. If proct/o- rectum you have bowel movements less than three times a week, you likely are constipated.

Digestive System 2 related health careers 1. Oncologists are specialists in surgical and non-surgical treatment of cancers. Many cancers occur in the digestive tract, from tumors of the throat and stomach to lethal pancreatic cancers. 2. Hepatologists are specialists in liver conditions, often working collaboratively with surgeons or oncologists to provide care before and after transplants, tumor removal, or other procedures. 10 vocabulary words 1. mucosa- inner lining of cells 2. submucosa- second layer of cells 3. serosa- visceral peritoneum 4. mesenteries- double sheets of membrane 5. peristalsis- waves of contraction 6. segmentation- in small intestine 7. amylase- enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates 8. mastication- act of chewing 9. rugae- large folds in the mucous membrane 10. pepsin- a proteolytic enzyme

Urinary System Urinary system function: The urinary system, also known as the renal system, produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys. The kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood. Urine travels from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder. Key terms: 4 diseases/abnormal conditions -cele- hernia 1. Blood in the urine is called hematuria. Blood may -lysis- breakdown color the urine various shades of pink, red and brown. nephr/o- kidney 2. Cloudy urine may appear cloudy for a variety of ren/o- kidney reasons, some of which are not harmful, such as -uria- urine foaming of the urine that occurs temporarily when -pexy- surgical fixation urinating rapidly. -ectasis- dilation, expansion 3. Dysuria can include infection, inflammation, or other pyel/o- renal pelvis conditions of the urinary tract or reproductive system. 4. Frequent urination, also known as urinary frequency, is a condition in which you feel the need to pass urine more often than usual.

Urinary System 2 related health careers 1. Urologists provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women. They may diagnose and treat urologic disease, cancers, deformities and injuries. 2. Nephrologists provide medical management to patients with kidney disease. They also provide care to kidney transplant patients and people with kidney failure, treating the latter with dialysis. 10 vocabulary words 1. kidneys- filter urine 2. ureters- connect kidney to bladder 3. urinary bladder- stores urine 4. urethra- releases urine out of body 5. renal pelvis- base of the kidney 6. nephron- tubes that filter blood 7. glomerulus- ball of capillaries 8. diuretics- increases fluid 9. creatinine- waste in blood to check kidney function 10. aldosterone- puts water back into blood from adrenal

Reproductive System Reproductive system function: The reproductive system has four functions: to produce egg and sperm cells, to transport and sustain these cells, and to nurture the developing offspring. Key terms: 4 diseases/abnormal conditions cervic/o- cervix 1. Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally salping/o- uterine tube lines the uterus grows somewhere else. It can grow on the ov/o- egg ovaries, behind the uterus, on the bowels, or on the bladder. orchid/o- testicle 2. Gynecologic cancer is any cancer that starts in a oophor/o- ovary woman’s reproductive organs. men/o- menses 3. Interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder condition resulting mamm/o- breast in recurring discomfort or pain in the bladder or gynec/o- woman surrounding pelvic region. colp/o- vagina 4. Polycystic ovary syndrome happens when a woman’s prostat/o- prostate ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal.

Reproductive System 10 vocabulary words 1. ovaries- eggs are produced 2 related health careers 2. oviduct- transports egg from ovary to uterus 1. Gynecologists are doctors who specialize in women's health, 3. uterus- “the womb” with a focus on the female reproductive system. They deal with a 4. vagina- muscular tube from cervix to uterus wide range of issues, including obstetrics, or pregnancy and 5. cervix- narrow end of uterus childbirth. 6. vas deferens- sperm travels through 2. Andrologists have the medical specialty that deals with male 7. urethra- transports semen and urine out of body health, particularly relating to the problems of the male 8. epididymis- semen is stored reproductive system and urological problems that are unique to 9. testes- produces sperm men. 10. penis- transfers sperm and excretes urine

Works Cited “Medical Professions.” Integumentary System, theintegumentarysystematitsfines.weebly.com/medical-professions.html. “Medical Professions.” Skeletal System, connortodd.weebly.com/medical-professions.html. Weedmark, David. “List of Careers in Neuroscience.” Work, 12 Feb. 2019, work.chron.com/list-careers-neuroscience-11583.html. “What Is Otolaryngology?” Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 4 Dec. 2015, www.entcolumbia.org/about-us/what-otolaryngology. “Cardiology Job Types: Different Types of Cardiologist.” Cardiac Output, 25 Aug. 2013, www.cardiac-output.co.uk/types-of-cardiology-job/. “Respiratory Therapist.” ExploreHealthCareers.org, 3 Jan. 2019, explorehealthcareers.org/career/allied-health-professions/respiratory-therapist/. Decker, Fred. “What Medical Careers Are in the Digestive Fields?” Work, 9 Nov. 2016, work.chron.com/medical-careers-digestive-fields-8377.html. Greenwood, Beth. “Medical Careers Involved With the Urinary System.” Work, 9 Nov. 2016, work.chron.com/medical-careers-involved-urinary-system-22621.html.