English for Everyone. Level 1 Beginner

FILL IN THE GAPS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES VOCABULARY ACTIVITIES FILL IN THE GAPS TO COMPLETE SAY THE SENTENCES OUT THE SENTENCES LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS 51

VOCABULARY FREQUENCY PHRASES Use frequency phrases to say how often something normally happens. HOW TO FORM USING FREQUENCY PHRASES The frequency phrase PRESENT SIMPLE FREQUENCY usually goes at the end of the sentence. FURTHER EXAMPLES FREQUENCY PHRASES LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 52

PUT THE WORDS IN ORDER SAY THE SENTENCES OUT TO FORM A CORRECT SENTENCE LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS CHECKLIST Days of the week Talking about your weekly routine Days and prepositions REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 10-14 NEW LANGUAGE SAMPLE SENTENCE UNIT TALKING ABOUT JOBS 53 USING “WORK IN,” “WORK ON,” AND “WORK WITH” TELLING THE TIME THE PRESENT SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS AND DAYS OF THE WEEK FREQUENCY PHRASES

Negatives with “to be” You make a sentence negative by using “not” or its short New language Negatives with “to be” form “n’t.” Negative sentences with the verb “to be” have Vocabulary “Not” different rules than negatives with other verbs. New skill Saying what things are not KEY LANGUAGE NEGATIVES WITH THE VERB “TO BE” Add “not” after “to be” to make the sentence negative. “Not” is added to make the sentence negative. FURTHER EXAMPLES NEGATIVES WITH THE VERB “TO BE” HOW TO FORM NEGATIVES WITH THE VERB “TO BE” The verb “to be” SUBJECT + VERB “NOT” REST OF SENTENCE takes the same form in positive and negative sentences. The only difference is adding “not.” A plural subject is usually followed by a plural noun. 54

REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER FILL IN THE GAPS TO MAKE LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN NEGATIVE SENTENCES NUMBER THE IMAGES IN THE ORDER THEY ARE DESCRIBED 55

KEY LANGUAGE NEGATIVE SHORT FORMS You can contract “You are” contracts “you are not” in to “you’re.” two ways. You can contract the subject and verb, or you can contract the verb and “not.” “Are not” contracts to “aren’t.” FURTHER EXAMPLES NEGATIVE SHORT FORMS You cannot say “I amn’t.” REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS 56

READ THE BLOG AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS USE THE CHART TO CREATE 12 CORRECT SENTENCES AND SAY THEM OUT LOUD Start with Choose a Finish with a a pronoun. negative form. noun or phrase. CHECKLIST “Not” Saying what things are not Negatives with “to be” 57

More negatives Add ‘“do not” or “does not” before most verbs New language Present simple negative in English to make them negative. This is often Vocabulary Daily activities shortened to “don’t” or “doesn’t.” New skill Saying what you don’t do KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE Put “do not” The main verb before the verb does not change. to make the negative for “I,” “you,” “we,” or “they.” After “he,” “she,” or ”it,” use “does not.” FURTHER EXAMPLES PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE HOW TO FORM PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE Use “do” or “does” with “not” followed by the base form of the main verb (the infinitive without “to”). SUBJECT “DO / DOES” + “NOT” BASE FORM REST OF SENTENCE 58

FILL IN THE GAPS USING LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND “DO NOT” OR “DOES NOT” ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Frank talks about his daily and weekly routines. KEY LANGUAGE CONTRACTED NEGATIVES In English, “do not” and “does not” are often contracted to “don’t” and “doesn’t.” FURTHER EXAMPLES PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE: SHORT FORMS 59

FILL IN THE GAPS TO WRITE EACH SENTENCE THREE DIFFERENT WAYS REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS USE THE CHART TO CREATE 12 CORRECT SENTENCES AND SAY THEM OUT LOUD 60

READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS CHECKLIST Daily activities Saying what you don’t do Present simple negative 61

Simple questions To form simple questions with the verb “to be,” you New language Simple questions change the order of the subject and verb. The answer Vocabulary Jobs and routine activities to a simple question usually starts with “yes” or “no.” New skill Asking simple questions KEY LANGUAGE QUESTIONS WITH “TO BE” To make a question In a statement, the subject using the verb “to be,” comes before the verb. put the verb before the subject. In a question, the verb moves The subject comes after the verb. to the start of the sentence. FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTIONS WITH “TO BE” HOW TO FORM QUESTIONS WITH “TO BE” “TO BE” SUBJECT REST OF SENTENCE 62

REWRITE THE SENTENCES AS QUESTIONS LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND INTONATION SIMPLE QUESTIONS CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION The tone of the voice usually rises at the end of a simple question in English. The tone falls at the end of statements. The tone goes up at the end of questions. SAY THESE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS 63

KEY LANGUAGE QUESTIONS WITH “DO” AND “DOES” For questions without the verb “to be,” start the question with “do” or “does.” Add “do” to questions Add “does” to The main verb is with “I,” “you,” “we,” questions with in its base form and “they.” “he,” “she,” and “it.” (the infinitive without “to”). FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTIONS WITH “DO” AND “DOES” HOW TO FORM QUESTIONS WITH “DO” AND “DOES” “DO” / “DOES” SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB REST OF SENTENCE FILL IN THE GAPS IN THE QUESTIONS USING “DO” OR “DOES” 64

REWRITE THE QUESTIONS, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER REWRITE THE SENTENCES SAY THE SENTENCES OUT AS QUESTIONS LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS CHECKLIST Jobs and routine activities Asking simple questions Simple questions 65

Answering questions When answering questions in English, you can often New language Short answers leave out words to shorten your response. These short Vocabulary Jobs and routines answers are often used in spoken English. New skill Answering spoken questions KEY LANGUAGE SHORT ANSWERS When the Question uses “to be.” question uses the You don’t need to repeat “a doctor” in your answer. verb “to be,” use “to be” in the short Question uses “do.” answer. If the question uses “do” or “does,” so does the short answer. The rest of the sentence is implied. FURTHER EXAMPLES SHORT ANSWERS Question uses “does.” LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Maria Kowalski goes for a job interview. 66

MARK THE CORRECT REPLY ANSWER THE QUESTIONS, TO EACH QUESTION SPEAKING OUT LOUD CHECKLIST Jobs and routines Answering spoken questions Short answers 67

Asking questions Use question words such as “what,” “who,” “when,” New language Open questions and “where” to ask open questions that can’t be Vocabulary Question words answered with “yes” or “no.” New skill Asking for details KEY LANGUAGE OPEN QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB “TO BE” The question word goes at the beginning of the question. It is usually followed by the verb “to be.” The question word goes The question is “open” at the beginning. because it can’t be answered “yes” or “no.” FURTHER EXAMPLES OPEN QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB “TO BE” CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE 68

VOCABULARY MATCH THE QUESTIONS TO QUESTION WORDS THE CORRECT ANSWERS FURTHER EXAMPLES FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE QUESTION WORDS WORDS IN THE PANEL 69

KEY LANGUAGE OPEN QUESTIONS USING “DO” AND “DOES” With most verbs “Do” or “does” follows the question word. other than “to be” you use the The question word Main verb changes question word goes at the beginning. to its base form. followed by “do” or “does” to make a question. HOW TO FORM OPEN QUESTIONS USING “DO” AND “DOES” QUESTION WORD “DO / DOES” SUBJECT VERB + OBJECT FURTHER EXAMPLES OPEN QUESTIONS USING “DO” AND “DOES” FILL IN THE GAPS TO COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS 70

REWRITE THE SENTENCES, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE MARK THE QUESTIONS YOU HEAR CORRECT ORDER Ben talks about his life as a student. SAY THE QUESTIONS OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL 71

READ THE EMAIL AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS USE THE CHART TO CREATE 12 CORRECT SENTENCES AND SAY THEM OUT LOUD Start with a Choose the correct Choose a Finish with the main question word. form “do” or “does.” pronoun or name. verb and object. 72

REWRITE THE SENTENCES, FILL IN THE GAPS TO CORRECTING THE ERRORS COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS CHECKLIST Question words Asking for details Open questions REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 15-19 NEW LANGUAGE SAMPLE SENTENCE UNIT NEGATIVES WITH “TO BE” 73 PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE SIMPLE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS OPEN QUESTIONS WITH “TO BE” OPEN QUESTIONS USING “DO” AND “DOES”

Vocabulary AROUND TOWN 74

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Talking about your town When you talk about things, you can use “there New language “There is” and “there are” is” for one and “there are” for more than one. Vocabulary Towns and buildings “There isn’t” and “there aren’t” are the negatives. New skill Describing a town KEY LANGUAGE “THERE IS” AND “THERE ARE” Use “there is” to talk about one thing (singular). Use “there are” to talk about more than one (plural). FURTHER EXAMPLES “THERE IS” AND “THERE ARE” FILL IN THE GAPS USING SAY THESE PLURALS “THERE IS” AND “THERE ARE” OUT LOUD 76

LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND FILL IN THE GAPS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES KEY LANGUAGE “THERE IS NOT” AND “THERE ARE NOT ANY” Add “not” to make a Add “not any” to make a singular sentence negative. plural sentence negative. You can shorten You can shorten “is not” to “isn’t.” “are not” to “aren’t.” CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORD IN EACH SENTENCE 77

ANOTHER WAY TO SAY LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN “THERE AREN’T ANY” NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER THEY ARE DESCRIBED You can use “are no” instead of “aren’t any.” It means the same thing. This is the contracted form of “are not.” FURTHER EXAMPLES “ARE NO” FILL IN THE GAPS USING “ARE” AND “AREN’T” 78

READ THE EMAIL AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS LOOK AT THE PICTURE, THEN SAY EACH SENTENCE OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS CHECKLIST Towns and buildings Describing a town “There is” and ”there are” 79

Using “a” and “the” Use the definite article (“the”) or indefinite article New language Definite and indefinite articles (“a,” “an”) to talk about things in specific or general Vocabulary Places in town terms. Use “some” to talk about more than one thing. New skill Using articles KEY LANGUAGE “A / AN / THE” Use “a” because you are talking about your work in general, not the specific place where you work. Use “a” to talk about a thing Use “the” because you are talking about in general. Use the specific building where you work. “the” to talk about a place, person, or thing that you and the listener both know about. FURTHER EXAMPLES “A / AN / THE” Use “the” to talk about a particular doctor. Use “a / an” to talk about jobs. Use “an” before words that start with a vowel. Use “a” with “is there” Use “the” to talk about a particular bank. and “there is.” CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE 80

KEY LANGUAGE “A / SOME” You can only use Use “a” and “an” to Singular. “a” and “an” for talk about one thing. singular nouns. Use “some” for plurals. Use “some” to talk about more than one thing. Plural. FURTHER EXAMPLES “A / SOME” FILL IN THE GAPS WITH REWRITE THE SENTENCES, “A” OR “SOME” CORRECTING THE ERRORS 81

KEY LANGUAGE QUESTIONS WITH “A / ANY” Use “a” to find out if there Use “any” to find out if there is one of something. is one or more of something. FURTHER EXAMPLES QUESTIONS WITH “A / ANY” CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH QUESTION REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER 82

KEY LANGUAGE SHORT ANSWERS Short for: “Yes, there is a hotel in the town.” When answering questions in English, you don’t have to repeat all the words from the question. Short for: “No, there aren’t any hotels in the town.” FILL IN THE GAPS WITH LOOK AT THE MAP AND SHORT ANSWERS ANSWER THE QUESTIONS, SPEAKING OUT LOUD CHECKLIST Places in town Using articles Definite and indefinite articles 83

Orders and directions Use imperatives to tell someone to do something. New language Imperatives They are also useful to give a warning, or to give Vocabulary Directions directions to someone. New skill Finding your way KEY LANGUAGE IMPERATIVES To make the imperative, use the base form of the verb (the infinitive without “to”). The base form of the verb “to stop.” FURTHER EXAMPLES IMPERATIVES REWRITE THE INFINITIVES AS IMPERATIVES 84

KEY LANGUAGE MARK THE DIRECTIONS THAT LEAD YOU TO GIVING DIRECTIONS THE CORRECT PLACES ON THE MAP 85

VOCABULARY DIRECTIONS FILL IN THE GAPS USING DIRECTIONS 86

KEY LANGUAGE NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE Add “don’t” or “do not” before the verb to make an imperative negative. FURTHER EXAMPLES NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE REWRITE THE SENTENCES LISTEN AND MATCH THE AS NEGATIVE IMPERATIVES DIRECTIONS TO THE PLACES CHECKLIST Directions Finding your way Imperatives 87

Joining sentences “And” and “but” are conjunctions: words that join statements New language Using “and” and “but” together. “And” adds things to a sentence or links sentences Vocabulary Town, jobs, and family together. “But” introduces a contrast to a sentence. New skill Joining sentences KEY LANGUAGE USING “AND” TO JOIN SENTENCES Use “and” to join two “There’s” is the same as “There is.” sentences together. You can drop the second “there’s” when you join sentences using “and.” FURTHER EXAMPLES USING “AND” TO JOIN SENTENCES REWRITE THESE STATEMENTS AS SINGLE SENTENCES USING “AND” 88

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE PLACES MENTIONED IN EACH “AND” STATEMENT KEY LANGUAGE USING A COMMA INSTEAD OF “AND” For lists of more than You can use a comma Use another comma two items, you can to replace “and” in a list. before the “and.” use commas instead of “and.” Keep the “and” between the final two nouns. MARK THE SENTENCES THAT USE COMMAS AND “AND” CORRECTLY 89

KEY LANGUAGE USING “BUT” TO JOIN SENTENCES Use “but” to join a positive and a negative statement. You can use “but” to add something negative to a positive sentence. You can use “but” to add something positive to a negative sentence. MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS REWRITE EACH PAIR OF STATEMENTS AS A SINGLE SENTENCE 90

CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORD IN EACH SENTENCE LOOK AT THE TABLE, THEN SAY “AND” AND “BUT” SENTENCES OUT LOUD CHECKLIST Town, jobs, and family Joining sentences Using “and” and “but” 91

Describing places Use adjectives to give more information New language Adjectives about nouns, for example to describe Vocabulary Place adjectives and nouns a person, building, or place. New skill Describing places KEY LANGUAGE USING ADJECTIVES Adjectives are usually placed before the noun they describe. Adjectives are the same Adjectives are the same for male and female nouns. for singular and plural nouns. VOCABULARY ADJECTIVES 92

REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER OTHER WAYS TO USE ADJECTIVES READ THE PASSAGE AND CIRCLE SEVEN ADJECTIVES Sometimes, adjectives can be put in different places in a sentence. You can put the adjective at the end of the sentence after the verb “to be.” The adjective usually comes before the noun. You can replace the noun with a pronoun. 93

FILL IN THE GAPS TO WRITE EACH SENTENCE THREE DIFFERENT WAYS VOCABULARY PLACES AND SCENERY 94

READ THE POSTCARD AND CORRECT THE INCORRECTLY SPELLED WORDS SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS 95

KEY LANGUAGE USING QUANTITY PHRASES English has many Use “some” when there is more than one, different phrases but you don’t know exactly how many. for quantities when the exact number Use “a few” for is not known. a small number. Use “lots of ” for a large number. FURTHER EXAMPLES USING QUANTITY PHRASES LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER THEY ARE DESCRIBED 96

WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT THE IMAGE USING “A FEW,” “SOME,” OR “LOTS OF” LOOK AT THE TABLE, THEN SAY SENTENCES OUT LOUD USING “A FEW,” “SOME,” AND “LOTS OF” CHECKLIST Place adjectives and nouns Describing places Adjectives 97

Giving reasons Key language “Because” Vocabulary Places and jobs Use the conjunction “because” to give a reason New skill Giving reasons for something. You can also use “because” to answer the question “Why?” Use “because” before This is you give the reason. the reason. KEY LANGUAGE USING “BECAUSE” This is the main clause. FURTHER EXAMPLES LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 98

FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASES IN THE PANEL CHECKLIST Places and jobs Giving reasons “Because” REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 21–26 NEW LANGUAGE SAMPLE SENTENCE UNIT USING “THERE IS” AND “THERE ARE” 99 ARTICLES USING “ANY” AND “SOME” IMPERATIVES JOINING SENTENCES USING ADJECTIVES USING “BECAUSE”

Vocabulary AROUND THE HOUSE 100