SIKKIM DRAFT EIGHT FIVE YEAR DISTRICT PLAN 1990-95_merged

West District Introduction *1.1 The West District of Sikkim, with Gyalsh- way reduced the area under cultivation. ing as its Headquarters covers'a total geogra Added to this is the fact that with the in phic area of 1168 sq.km. It is bounded crease in the number of educational institu tions and the improvement in the literacy on the west by Nepal, on the east by the rate in the district, more and more people South District, on the north-eastern part are gradually leaving the rural areas in search by North District and on the South by the Darjeeling District of West Bengal. The .of better opportunities in the Government and other services in the urban areas. This District with a total population of 75,912 has resulted in the change of policy on agri culture wherein emphasis is now being given as per the 1981 Census comprises of two to high value low volume cash crops. sub-divisions, Gyalshing and Soreng and 111 l.'i The, increased developmental activities revenue blocks, which are grouped into ^^3 have brought about a general socio-economic panchaySit units. transformation throughout the district which can be clearly seen in the urban areas where 1 2 The District, whose population has modern high rise buildings ■ are gradually replacing the old traditional structures. been projected at 1,03,550 for 1990 and In view of this changing scenario the need expected to reach 1,20,900 by 1995 has for proper planning in the urban areas is undergone a complete socio economic trans being extremely felt. Gyalshing and Soreng the headquarters of the 2 sub-divisions have formation through the last few five year been put through the process of town planning and are now being covered under development plans. The hectic pace of development c^ be seen manifested in the all round economic of other bazar areas. The increase in the and social change that has taken place in urban population in the other bazars of the the District. Agriculture which was once District has also made it essential to bring the only main stay of the people of this the other towns also within the district District is now confined to the cultivable lands and the people have gone in for other under this scheme to ensure that proper forms of economic activities like business, planning and development can be taken up small scale industries and tourism. so that the existing urban areas within the 1.3 Agriculture continues to be the main district would not be converted into slum occupation of the people of the district areas. as more than 80% of the population of the district is dependent on agriculture and 1.5 In view of the large rural population allied activities such as piggery, diary, poultry and the geographical location of the district, farming and agro based industries. In the 32,600 hectares under cultivation the major industrialisation in West District is confined crops grown are maize, paddy, wheat, soya- beans, cardamom, potato, orange, ginger to village industries and small scale Industries and vegetables. In most of the areas mixed being financed by the Sidico and the National and multiple cropping is also being practiced. banks. The development of industries in The increase in developmental activities the district is. covered by the District Industry and the gradual acquisition of land for the centre, Jorethang which • is responsible for the training of rural artisans, enterpreneur- purpose of developmental programmes like ship development and establishment of small construction of schools, primary health centres, industries. The main problem being faced office buildings, veterinary dispensaries and opening of regional farms have in a 51 L

in regard to development of industries in be taken up. In -addition, under the Central Sector the Rangit Hydel Scheme (18 MW) the district is the availability of raw materials, which is under implementation would be transportation and proper marketing facilities. Power supply which was inadequate is now nearing completion. improving with a number- of Power projects being undertaken in the District. 1.7 West Sikkim with its monasteries like 1.6 The Power supply in the district was Pemayangtse, Tashiding, Dupdi, the Khechoperi earlier confined to the supply of Power from Rimbi Hydel Scheme (2x200) KW and Lake, the hot springs at Phurchachu is rek- nowned as a pilgrimage centre, and its trekking the Rothak Hydel Project. As this was inade routes from Yoksom to Zongri and Yoksok quate, Power supply was being supplemented to Tashiding is fast becoming a tourist circuit, from the Oali Hydel Project and the Lower popular with both the domestic and the foreign tourists. With the overall objective Lagyap Hydel Project in East Sikkim. The of developing the district through promotion commissioning of the Rimbi Stage II has of tourism, tourist spots like Barsey, Hilley and other area are being identified and deve added (1x500) KW of Hydel Power in the District which is being used not only to loped so that the people of West Sikkim meet the demand in the District, but also can make tourism a form of economic activity to cover some part of the South District. in addition to the age old practice of relying The Power Project now under implementation is the Kalej Khola Hydel Scheme (2 MW). on Agriculture and Animal Husbandry incomes. In the Eighth Plan work on the Rathongchu 1.8 The sectoral details in the programmes Hydel Project (30 MW) and the Purey Khola Hydel Project (2x100) KW are proposed to proposed during the Eighth Plan in respect of the district is discussed below. 52

Agriculture f 1.1 The economy of the West District cash and commercial crops suited to the is predominantly agrarian w,ith more than terrains and agro-climatic conditions of 3/^^ of the total population of the district the district. Emphasis is also being made residing in the rural areas and with more on the increased use of the fertilisers, pesti than 80% of the population dependent on cides and also improvement in the research agriculture and allied activities for their work to ensure release of a large number livelihood. There are 3 regional centres of improved varieties of seeds and plants. In the process of increasing the use of modern in the district at Gyalshing, Daramdin ^ technologies and improved variety of seeds, Hilley with one regional sub-centre at Kamling one Farmer's Training Centre has been esta and ^15 V.L.W. centres. These centres are blished in the district, in which regular train responsible for adaptive research wor , seed multiplication and extension of ings are being organised for the benefit like crop demonstration, exhibitions, distri u of the farming communities. tion of minikits, trial of crop cutting expori l.if The consistent effort made by the ment etc. The V.L.W. centres are the focal department in the field of agriculture has points for distribution of inputs lik^ resulted in the increase in food grain produc i fertilizers and pesticides to the ' tion to 37,260 tonnes during 1988-89 which In addition they are the contact points is expected to go up to ^0,300 tonnes by where a cultivator receives all the the end of the Seventh Plan period in the services like instruction in the use of ^ district. Similarly, the anticipated production sers and pesticides. of oil seeds by the end of the 1988-89 is 1.2 The district has about 32,600 3,7W tonnes. The production of ginger, under cultivation of which 3022 ^ potato, fruits and vegetables is also expected IS irrigated. The major crops groowwnn in to show a high increase. As the State has had to depend on outside sources for the district are maize, paddy, wheat, soya-b^egrn' seeds and planting materials, in the Seventh Rape and mustad \"s^seeeddss', large card Plan a lot of effort has been made to gear Potato, orange, ginger and vegetables. up the local production of these basic inputs. 7°P^ are cultivated at altitudes ranging It is therefore anticipated that by the end 300 metres to 3000 metres. I\"' of the Seventh Five Year Plan 2,390 tonnes ° the areas in the mid and low of seeds and 1,70,000 numbers of planting materials would be produced locally in the ^ixed and multiple cropping is also p approximately 16,000 hectares district. double and multiple cropping. R3 In the Seventh Plan period gs progress has been made in the j^ctjon EIGHTH PLAN far as infrastructural development, P 1.5 In the Eighth Plan the major emphasis will of seeds and planting materials, P ^ be on efforts to achieve higher productivity of cash and commercial crops, area per unit area and to increase the cropping Under H.Y.V. and improved variety . intensity. This objective is proposed to be achieved through promotion of short duration, crease in the use of P of high yielding and improved varieties of seeds and other agricultural inputs. lO c+rpc<; the limited area under cultivation, is now being given for concentration 53

and plants, increase in the use of fertilisers productivity per unit area attention will also be paid to the marketing and processing and manures, systematic plant health coverage facilities. The physical targets to be achieved and faster transfer of modem technology and the financial outlay for the district amongst the farming community. are projected in the Annexures 1 and II. 1.6 Along with the need to strive for higher 54

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DISTRICT ; WEST PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS Aimexure SIJSIo. Item Unit Eighth plan Annual plan 1 2 3 (1990-95) (1990-91) Proposed 1 Prenosed Target 1 Target 5 1. 4 8.50 8.50 PRODUCTION OF FOOD GRAINS 6.60 Rice '000 Tonnes 11.00 6.60 11.00 Irrigated 20.80 Unirrigated 8.30 20.80 8.30 Total 3.10 23.60 3.10 Wheat 23.60 3.30 Irrigated 4.40 3.30 Unirrigated 4.40 8.50 Total 4.10 33.80 4.10 42.30 Maize 11.00 Irrigated 40.40 Unirrigated 51.40 Total Other Cereals It It Irrigated Unirrigated Total FHjIses II II Irrigated Unirrigated II II Total 55 Total Foodgrains Irrigated Unirrigated Total Foodgrains (1)

SLNo. Item Unit Eighth plan Arwiexure - 1 Contd. 1 (1990-95) 1 2 3 Proposed Annual plan I 2. Target (1990-91) COMMERCIAL CROPS '000 Tonnes Proposed 1 a) Oilseeds 4 Target i) \" ii) Major Oilseeds 5 Rapeseed & Mustard \" b) Total (i) \" 3.10 2.74 3.10 2.74 3. Others \" * 2.15 1.33 a) Soybean 0.18 0.02 0.07 0.01 Sunflower 2.40 1.36 Other oilseeds 5.50 4.10 Total (11) 1.00 0.80 19.25 13.85 Total Oilseeds (a) 5.00 4.00 Other Commercial Crops 1.43 0.87 0.02 Large Cardamom '000 Tonnes 19.52 26.70 23.62 Potato \" 32.20 Ginger \" Other tubers & KhlzomaticCrops \" Minor Commercial Crops \" Total Other Commercial \" \" Crops (b) Total Commercial Crops (2) MAJOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS Fruits Citrus '000 Tonnes 4.70 4.13 4.60 2.30 Other fruits \" 9.30 6.43 Total Fruits (a) \" 56

Annexure Contd. SIJ40. Item Unit Eighth plan Annual plan (1990-95) i990-91) 1 Proposed Proposed Target Target 1 23 4 5 I 11.80 1 21.10 b) Vegetables '000 Tonnes 0.50 9.20 1.00 15.63 Total Major Horticultural Crops (3) \" 0.120 c) Flowers Lakh Nos. 0.021 0.10 i) Cut Flowers 0.022 0.20 ii) Planting Materials \" 2.500 0.160 4. IMPROVED SEEDS 0.026 0.007 a) Production of Seeds 2.856 i) ii) Cereals '000 Tonnes 0.23 0.098 iii) 0.04 0.016 iv) Pulses \" 0.04 0.015 V) Oilseeds 0.58 2.230 vl) II 0.14 0.097 vii) Potato II 0.01 0.014 II 0.0? 0.004 b) Ginger II 2.474 i) 1.06 ii) Vegetables II 0.18 iii) 0.90 0.04 iv) Others 0.03 V) 0.15 0.37 vi) Total Seed Production (a) 1.^9 0.09 vii) 0.01 Distribution of Seeds 0.01 1 0.7? Cereals 0.55 0.?7 Pulses 0.10 0.9? Oilseeds Potato Ginger Vegetables Others Total Seed Distribution (b) 5. CHEMICAL FERTILISERS a) b) Nitrogenous (N) '000 Tonnes c) Phosphatic (P) \" \" Potassic (K) Tootal (N-hP+K)

51.No. Item Unit Eighth plan Annexure - I Contd. (1990-93) Proposed Annual plan Target (1990-91) F^ofKJsed Target PLANT PROTECTION a) Pesticides Consumption '000 Tonnes 0.011 0 009 (Technical Grade material) 19.30 16.20 b) Area Coverage '000 Hectares 22.33 13.80 8.00 7.20 AREA UNDER DISTRIBUTION OF a) Fprliiizers b) Pesticides HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES a) Rice - •000 Ha. 8.40 7.40 Total area cropped 3.47 4.94 Area under HYV 4.30 3.80 4.47 3.77 b) Wheat Total area cropped 14.23 13.83 9.03 8.38 Area under HYV 2 7-13 23.03 c) Maize Total area cropped 18.99 17.09 Area under HYV Total area under above cereals \" Total area under HYV of above ft cereals DRYLAND/RAINFED FARMING a) Development of selected Micro- watersheed (Cumulative) 1) No. of microv\\/atersheds Nos. ii) Area Covered under •000 Ha 3.00 1^00 Microwat ershed 38

S\\Jt4o. Item Unit Eighth plan Annexure - I Contd. (1990-93) Annual plan Hi) Land development '000 Ha. Proposed (1990-91) iv) Water harvesting/storage Target Proposed b) No. Target structures 0.30 c) '000 Ha. 0.10 Area covered outside 3.73 i) No. 3.73 ii) the selected microw atersheds No. 2300 '000 Tonnes 0.23 400 iii) by dryland/rainfed farming \" 0.13 0.03 practices •000 Ha. 0.08 iv) 30.70 Adoption of rainfed/dryland 33.70 29.33 10. 48.30 a) framing practices in and 3.00 0.60 b) outside the selected watershed; Seed-cum-fertilizer drill distribution Distribution of other improved agricultural tools & implements. Chemical fertilizer distribution Improved Seed distribu tion CROPPED AREAS Net Gross 11. STORAGE '000 Tonnes No. a) Owned Capacity with the b) State Government (Cumulative) Cold Storage 59

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Armexure - II I\" PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAYS District : WEST * (Rs. in Lakhs) ^ ~,iVy .•u\"V« • •• *•'i SI.No. Name of the Eighth Plan (1990-95) Of which Annual Plan Of which 1 Proposed Outlay (1990-91) Scheme/Project capital capital 3 Proposed Target 2 content content '5 4 6 1. Research & Education 1. Agriculture Research 28.80 5.00 5.30 - 2. Agriculture Education 14.00 2.80 4.20 9.50 1.40 Total (1) 42.80 7.00 1.40 ! H Crop Husbandry 7.00 - 1.10 - 1. 2. Direction & Administration 90.00 5.00 14.60 6.50 63.00 32.60 11.70 3. Multiplication & Distribution 105.00 26.60 - 4. 2.80 5. of Seeds 66.00 11.50 - 42.00 _ 8.00 - 6. Agricultural Farms 80.00 7. 20.00 4.00 17.00 0.50 8. Manures & Fertilizers 2.50 9. 13.00 - _ High Yielding Varieties 24.00 2.30 - 10. Programme 4.00 4JJ0 11. 1 7.00 Plant Protection 4.00 2.50 4.50 12. / 15.00 13. Commercial Crops 10.00 contd..2 Extension & Farmers Training 12.50 2.00 Ill Agricultural Economics 79.00 - 10.00 118.80 & Statistics 62.40 22.50 4.50 Agriculture Enginering Small & Marginal Farmer's - /! Programme Horticulture Vegetable Crops .'7 Dryland. Development Total (II) 611.50 2 2.50 Storage & Ware-housing 60 H' *■

Armexure - II SI.No. Name of the Eighth Plan (1990-95) Of which Annual Plan Of which Proposed Outlay Scheme/Project capital (1990-91) capital content Proposed Target content IV. Agriculture Marketing & 12.00 A.00 2.50 0.70 96.70 135.30 13.60 Quality Control /■ Total (l+ll+lll+IV) 608.80 61

Animal Husbandry & 9 Veterinary Servlees. ( 2.1 Animal Husbandry activities are an 2.3 Even though substantial increase has ill been noted in the production of Milk and ii important element in supplementing rural Eggs in the State in the Seventh Plan period ,: income and in bringing about improvement it is obvious that there is still scope for further improvement. The main objective i in the living standard of the people. The d' strategy so far adopted has been to bring in the Eighth Five Year Plan is therefore about the upgradation of the livestock in ! terms of higher productivity, better milk to achieve an even higher growth in the yield and provide a network of veterinary production of all livestock produces, such services to cater to the needs of the farmers. as milk, eggs, wool, meat etc. In addition it is also envisaged that assistance would Modern technology has been introduced to be provided to the unemployed educated improve the methods of breeding, feeding youth and the rural communities to provide and management, in addition to introduction of superior varieties of milch cattle and them with employment through livestock programmes for genetic upgradation of the farming. Special attention would also be animals. Similar programmes have also been paid to the SC/ST communities so that they introduced for piggery development, goat could avail of the subsidised inputs, training etc. With the aim and objective of providing farming and poultry development etc. every facility available for the improvement in the ongoing programmes in the West Dis 2.2 The Animal Husbandry infrastructure trict it is proposed that one veterinary hospital, in the District is well established with four_ two dispensaries and seven stockman centres hospitals, five veterinary dispensaries and would be setup in the District in addition thirteen stockman centres which cover prac to the existing number of hospitals, dispen tically the entire length and breadth of saries and stockman centres. This would the District. In addition, the District has help in covering the remaining areas of a sheep farm at Begha and a sheep and goat farm at Mangalbarey, one bull rearing the district which were not receiving adequate farm and a small poultry layer unit at Gyal- attention. shing. Under piggery development programme, 2.4 Under the cattle development programme one pig demonstration farm has been establish ed at Mangalbarey in addition to the pig being implemented in the district the main objective would be to increase the population farm at Gyalshing to cater to the requirements of the SC/ST and the IRDP of the exotic breed of livestock. In addition target groups. The Department had at one time brought a number of the Jamunnapari to the distribution of improved variety of type of goats into the State for the purpose cattle through Tribal and IRDP programmes, of cross breeding and improving the genetic it is envisaged that 40 frozen semen A.I. centres would be established in the District. stock of the local goats. This has not been successful as the 3amunnapari goats could The ongoing programme of distributing breed ing bulls would also continue in areas that not survive in the changed weather conditions are remote and inaccessible. Three cattle in the state. Further more in view of the demonstration units of 10 cows each is being destructive nature of the goats, who have established at Sombaray, Mangalbarey and Gyalshing to educate the farmers, provide been responsible for the destabilisation of training and also to create an awareness the steep slopes where they normally graze, of the importance of cattle development goat farming is gradually being discouraged in the District. Along with the Cattle develop- and instead rabbit farming for fur, wool and meat is being taken up. 62

ment programmes, the department has propos by providing them with breeding rams, equip ed to improve the feed distribution system ments and bank loans to increase their flock size. Veterinary services will be made available l and to increase the area under fodder cultiva i' tion so that green fodder would be available to ensure that timely attention can be availed for the livestock through out the year. Planta of by these farmers. A rabbit breeding farm :f I tion of fodder is being encouraged in the is now proposed to be setup at Rinchenpong ' district by setting up of people's nurseries where Angora Rabbits would be kept for and also by giving subsidies to those farmers the purpose of providing fur and wool. in whose land fodder cultivation is being ! taken up. 2.7 As part of the piggery development programme the existing piggery farm at 2.5 As part of the poultry development Gyalshing is being strengthened and an addi programme three day old chick rearing centres tional unit is being set up in Mangalbarey are being established at Dodak, Mangalbarey to cater to the requirement of the rural and Gyalshing where it is proposed to raise people of that area. The local variety of 20,000 chicks per year for distribution to pigs is being crossbred and improved with SC/ST and the IRDP target groups. the introduction of Berkshire and Saddleback Poultry demonstration units would also be breed of pigs. Piggery which -is very popular set up in parts of the districts to encourage in the rural areas has been given the added backyard poultry farming. Bankable poultry boost with the Government decision to distri schemes .would be initiated and unemployed bute piglets to the SC/ST and the IRDP educated youths would be selected to take target groups. up poultry farming. 2.6 The West district has two indegineous 2.8 Special attention is also being paid to improve the present slaughter houses strain of sheep known as Garpala and Baupala. at Gyalshing, Soreng and Nayabazar so as As part of the sheep and wool development to provide hygenic meat to the consumers. programmes the genetic stock of the sheep 2.9 The physical targets and financial at the Begha sheep farm is proposed to outlays may be seen at Annexure-1 and 11. be improved. Those farmers who have flocks of sheep in the higher region would be assisted 65

I Annexure - I DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & VETY. SERVICES District : WEST PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS SlJNo. Scheme Unit Target for 1990-93 Target for 1990-91 Animal Health & Vety. Services; Nos. 1 1 Nos. 2 1 1. Establishment of Hospitals Nos. 7 2 2. Vety Dispenary 2.00 0.30 Nos.Cin lakhs) 2000 3. Stockman Centres 10,000 а. Cases to be treated Nos. 0.30 3. Castration 1.30 1000 Nos.Cin lakhs) 3000 б. Vacination against Anthrax, 4 Nos. 0.02 H-S. Swine fever & Foot & 380 Mouth disease. Nos. 20 1000 0.10 10 7. Destruction of stray dogs. Nos.Cin lakhs) 2900 100 3000 Cattle Development Nos. 30 Nos. 300 1. Mo. o1 (KS, Centres Nos. 2. Artificial Insemination Nos. 3. Production of crossbred female Nos. 3 1 Natural Services. 0.63 0.13 Nos.Cin lakhs) 3. Replacement of breeding bulls 14 12 Nos. 1 20 6. Distribution of cows Nos. contd...2 III. Pduitry Development: Nos. 100 Nos. 100 1. Establishment of Dairy old chick 64 rearing Centres. 2. Pullet Production At farmers level Bank loan (1000 layers Broilers) a. Quail Centre. IV- Piggery Develapment; 1. Breeding boar distribution 2. Establishment of bankable projects. I

SI.No. Scheme U nit Target for 1990-93 Annexure - I Contd. Nos. 3. Piglets Production Target for 1990-91 V. Feed & Fooder Development; 1. Total grazing grounds dev. 3000 600 2. 3. Distributioin of chaff cutter Meet. 40 8 4. Nos. 100 10 3. Distribution of fodder plants. Lakhs. 20 3 VI. M.T. 20 3 1. Distribution of fodder seeds. M.Ton. 30 10 VII. Distribution of Livestock feed. 1. Nos. 2. Sheep Wool & Goat Development : 3. Nos. 300 123 4. Establishment of Rabbit farms. Nos. 30 3. Nos. 20 4 6. Extension & Training ; Nos. 20 4 7. Imparting farmer training Nos. 20 4 8. Stockmen Training Nos. 20 4 VIII. Calf Rallies Nos. 30 10 1. Exhibition. Nos. 20 4 IX. Farmers field day. Nos. 1. Livestock Show. X. Nos. 1. Stockman Training in A.I. XI. Screeing of films. Nos. 1. Investigation & Statistics; Livestock Production & Survey. Nos. 10 Meat Processing & Slaughter House : Construction of modern slaughter house. Other Livestock Development ; Equine breeding farm. Dairy PevelopmCTt Programme : Milk Collection Centre contd...3 63 I I.

51.No. Scheme U nit Annexure - 1 Contd, Xil. Veterinary Research ; Target for 1990-95 Target for 1990-91 1. 2. Broiler Production in lakhs 0.4G 0.1 G 3. F.M.D. Vaccination in lakhs. No. Disease Investigation Wing DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & VETY. SERVICES Annexure - District : WEST PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAYS S\\JNo. Name of the Scheme/Project Eight Plan Of which capital Annual Plan Of which capital 1990-91 009. 1990-95 Content Content 031. 101. Extension & Training 12.00 - 1.80 - 102. - 0.30 - 103. Direction & Administration 2.00 3.60 20.D0 4.50 3.00 104. Vety. Services & Animal Health 24.00 8.00 3.00 2.00 105. 2.60 2.00 106. Cattle & Buffalo Development 30.00 10.00 5.10 2.00 107. 5.00 2.00 100. Poultry Development 20.00 - Ill Sheep & Wool Development 17.50 10.00 - 113. 4.65 - 195. Piggery Development 34.00 - 0.60 - 190. - 0.75. Other Livestock & Poultry - - 0.30 1.00 800. Feed & Fodder Development 31.00 5.00 - Insurance of Livestock & '^oultry 4.00 - Meat Processing 5.00 58.00 Ad.ninistrative/lnv. & Statistics. 2.00 Assstance to A.H. Cooperatives Investigation in Public Section & Other Undertaking. Other Expenditure (Vety. Research) Total 181.50 27.20 12.00 66 1

Forests 3.1 The West District with its total geogra reserved forests is still good, but now with phical area of 1168 sq.kms. has ^93 sq.kms. the Government policy of opening out this under reserve forest which constitutes almost. remote area, the condition of the forest k2.k percent of the total geographical area may not be the same, until and unless exten of the State. Part of the area is snowbound sive efforts are made to preserve the forest while a major portion is covered by alpine from external interference. scrubs and pastures and the rest is under 3>A With the aim and objective of trying Khasmal and Gorucharan forests also exists to preserve the natural forest and also to over a small area. Even as maximum efforts improve the degenerated forest the territorial are being made to maintain the ecological divison of the Forest Department in the balance through massive afforestation progra District is divided into two \"Sub-divisions mmes, the growth in population and their at Gyalshing and Soreng and four territorial dependence on the. forest for the purpose ranges at Yoksam, Gyalshing, Soreng and of housing, fuel wood, fodder etc. has resulted in continuing pressure being applied on the Sombarey. forest resources. In spite of the fact that 3.5 As increasing emphasis is being made in the Seventh Plan period a massive affores on the preservation of the forest wealth tation programme has been taken up, a similar effort has to be made in the Eighth Plan afforestation programmes are being taken in addition to the maintenance of the covered up by the Department through its territorial area. social forestry and soil conservation wings' 3.2 In West Sikkim the altitude ranges of the Department. An inventory of the from 360 metres above sea level at Nayabazar •up to the alpine forests in the upper Himalayas. forest resources in the District has also been completed in collaboration with the The heavy rainfall during the monsoons allows ample scope for taking up afforestation Forest Survey of India. With the objective of covering the maximum area through affore programmes. However, the biotic interference station programme, nurseries are being esta for the purpose of fuel wood and fodder collection has restricted the afforestation blished at different altitudes and areas to rear seedlings for the afforestation progra programme to a certain extent. The develop ment programmes that have been undertaken mmes. ° by the Government with the aim and objective of opening out the remote and inaccessible 3.6 In the Eight Five Year Plan emphasis -areas and providing essential services to will be given for reafforestation of those areas which had been damaged by forest the people of those areas, have brought fires like Begha, Kechuperi and the area about development in the district but have above Felling which were badly damaged also exposed some of the forest land to by fire in 1973, Besides the fire damaged areas priority is also being given to those b'otic interference. areas which were being used as public coupes 3.3 This is very much evident as most to cater to the fuel wool requirements of of the reserve forest areas in the district the public. The social forestry afforestation are damaged due to the biotic interference programmes would be confined to taking up afforestation programmes in the Gorucharan for fuel wood and fodder. In the remote areas of Labdag-Karzi the condition of the and Khasmal areas where besides taking up plantation of fast growing species suited 67 1

to the local conditions, fodder plantations programmes, proper survey and demarcation * would also be taken up on a largescale to would be conducted to detect and prevent meet the bonafied public requirements- encroachment in the reserved forest areas. Public participation would also be availed off by taking up afforestation programmes 3.7 The programmes to be implemented in . those private lands which were not fit and their corresponding financial provisions for cultivation. In addition to the afforestation are indicated in the Annexure 1 and II. DEPARTMENT OF FOREST Annexure - I PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS District: WEST Sl.NO. Item U nit Proposed Proposed Target for ! 2 target for 1 Eighth five 1990-91 1 year plan 1 a) 1 b) 1990-95 c) 1 d) 3 45 i i) Plantation of quick ii) growing species ! e). Economic & Commercial l i) Plants ii) 1 Social Forestry i Aff otestation: : Including plantations Hac - - under various CSS etc. Hac. Hac. 1500 240 Trees planted 2550 400 Nos.(lakhs) Trees survived Nos. (lakhs) 121.50 19.20 Productions of (Cum) - - some selected (Cum) - - Forest product. Timber F uelwood District wise target for 7th plan were not fixed. 68

DEPARTMENT OF FOREST Annexure PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAYS DISTRICT : WEST SI. NO. Name of the schemes/Project. Proposed outlay Of which Proposed Of which capital for Eighth plan * capital Annual Plan content 1990-95 1990-91 1 content. 6 outlay 2 3 4• •5 1. Demarcation survey of settlement 37.50 - 7.50 - 41.00 5.00 - 2. Buildings 180.00 41.00 24.00 87.50 12.00 - ! 3. Rehabilitation of fire 35.00 - 3.00 - 15.00 - 1.60 1 - 12.50 - 2.50 1 damaged areas 4.00 0.80 1 - 1 i 4. Rural fuelwood programmes ! 5. Area oriented fuelwood/fodder l projects (C.S.5.) 1 i . Establishment of silvipastoral farms (C.S.5.) : 7. Aesthetic forestry a. Orchid sanctuary b) Avenue plantations 69

Land Use & Environment 4.1 The large scale soil erosion caused peri, Hee Bermiok, Bega Mukrong, Berfok by cultivation in the higher slopes, the conti Chingthang, Chakung, Rangsang, Okery Tikpur, nuing development activities, the increasing Timberbong, Dodak Burikshop, Seneck Tashi- demand for land for cultivation purpose ding and Chumbung where such measures and the heavy monsoon rainfall have resulted have been taken up and it is assumed that in disturbances to the land structure of in a matter of time these areas would be some of the areas in the State. Added to well stablised. Besides the soil conservation this is the fact that some of the major river measures been adopted in the water shed system like the Tista and the Rangit originate areas, schemes pertaining to afforestation in the higher ranges of the State. This under and soil conservation are also being taken lines the urgency of preserving the catchment up in other parts of the districts to protect areas and for taking up soil conservation some of the agricultural land from soil erosion and landslides. The continuing developmental measures to ensure the stability of these activities have also contributed to the ecolo areas. It is therefore in accordance with gical damages in some parts of the district the recommendations of the high level team of the Planning Commission that Soil eind for which soil conservation measures are Water conservation measures are being based on the Water Shed principal. As recommended being taken up. 30 water shed areas have been identified and a series of measures pertaining to affores 4.3 In the Eighth Plan it is envisaged that a detailed soil survey investigation would tation, protective works, terracing garland be taken up in an area spreading over 1800 plantation etc. are being taken up to protect hac. so that it would be possible to identify these catchment areas. schemes to be taken up in these areas. The physical and financial details for the West 4.2 In West Sikkim eleven numbers of water sheds have been identified at Simchen Kecho- district can be seen in Annexure I and II 70

Annexure - I DEPARTMENT OF FOREST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LAND USE & ENVIRONMENT CELL)- District: WEST SI.No. Item Unit Proposed (in Hectares) Target for Proposed Eighth five Target for year plan 1990-91 1990-95 12 34 5 2402 Soil and Water Conservation 1800 250 5566.50 1110 001 Direction and Administration 125 18 101 4 Soil Survey and Testing 102 Survey and Investigation 4 103. Soil Conservation 3 Soil Conservation in Watershed areas 800 3 Land Reclamation and Development Development of. Perennial Water Sources Other Expenditure Training 7491.50 ha. 1378 h. + 57 Km. (fencing)-!-'11' km. (fencing) 71

Annexure - 11 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LAND USE & ENVIRONMENT(FOREST) PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAYS District : WEST (Rs. in lakhs) 5l.No. Name of the Scheme/Project Proposed outlay Of which Proposed Of which for eighth plan capital Annual Plan Capital 199G-95 content 199G-91 content outlay. 12 34 56 2402 Soil and Water Conservation • GG1 Direction & Administration 5.GG - G.67 1G1 12.6G 1.76 Soil Survey and Testing 361.GG 4 Survey and Investigation (LU&E) 1G.GG - 1G2 Soil Conservation - 6G.15 4 Soil Conservation in Watershed areas - 5 Land \"Reclamation and Development 8GG Development of perennial water source 1.5G Other expenditure 3 Training - - - 3B0.6G 64.G8 - 72 I

Rural Development 5.1 Rural development has been accorded 5.3 The construction of rural roads had earlier been confined to village roads, which higher priority by the Government in its were mere footpaths passing through the effort to mount an effective attack on poverty. village or connecting different villages. A number of programmes have been identified The rural bridges that were being constructed and taken up by the Government as part were the log bridges and the foot suspension of its strategy to alleviate poverty among bridges constructed over the streams and which are providing clean drinking water, the rivers failing on the path of the village rural sanitation, construction of rural roads roads. Besides the village roads, the Depart and bridges and various beneficiary oriented ment have in the Seventh Plan also taken programmes under the IRDP as part of the up a number of jeepable roads in the rural strategy to generate employment. areas. Log bridges have been replaced by R.C.C. and steel bridges. In the Eighth Plan the West District all the 119 villages the Department would be taking up the district have been categorised as construction of 120 km of village roads of vviillllaaggeess iinn ssoo flaarr aass tthhee ssuuppppllyy and 2 km of jeepable road at an estimated problem clean drinking water is concerned, in cost of Rs.25 lakhs. In addition 8 Suspension Foot Bridges, 20 R.C.C. bridges and 'tS Steel view of the dvjifj-fxiVc.uljtx tLevirriaaiiini,, tLhnee dQilsStTa3nncCe0 Bridges would also be taken up at a total of the villages from the nearest water source cost of Rs.l35 lakhs. haonudseah'oslpdisn viinew tohfe thveilflaacgtesthaitn thSeikiknidimvidaurael 'cccaatttteerie^d—. A la\"rp number of iD-r'iijnikiiKinnge Wwaatteerr 5.4 The increase in the population and schemes have been taken up through the the rise in the literacy standard of the people years to cover as many villages as possible in the rural areas have brought about an iith clean drinking water by tapping the nearest sources available. The schemes were awareness to improve hygiene and sanitation. originally taken up using alkathene pipes, The Departmental programme of constructing which was subsequently changed to G.I. low cost sanitation systems for the household pipes. Chlorine water treatment filter tanks and the community is therefore gaining were also inclu ed as part of the scheme wide popularity. This scheme is now being with the aim and objective of providing continued and also extended to cover the .whaeter-v,illOuaccgcecusuircmewlni^ctceh- souafife ilooadaniidnnee c(dljeeefafinicciiedennrcciyynkiniignn primary and junior schools. water hadW-k led to-t-^ a_ l1 arge number of 5.5 The District has 43 Panchayat units oases et goitre in the District. Iodised salt constituted as per the Panchayat Act of • pow being encouraged and used to combat 1982. The Panchayat members are mainly mineral deficiency, in the District, this the.u.. total, 119. ^ \"vi\"lalaggfebs,, 69 villagesLJi:5LIiL-L, responsible for the planning and development ' of the areas falling within their jurisdictions. nut of +r>tal I IQ villages The Panchayats were given the authority have been fully covered under the programme of recommending nominees for undertaking f providing clean drinking water and i+U various developmental construction works villages are partially covered. Schemes have falling within their jurisdictions and were also responsible for monitoring the progress bvielelnagespreaplasroe.d Sutpoplycovoefr drtihnekinrgemawiantienrg t6o of the various developmental activities. nil the villages in the District is envisaged The 3awahar Rojgar Yojana which has recently to be completed in the Eighth Plan. 73 I

been adopted in the country has given added of the remotest- areas of the district like responsibilities to the Panchayats. Under the new policy the Panchayats are being Karji and Tashiding. Under the IREP pro provided with funds to take up schemes gramme the 2 sub-divisions Soreng and Gayzing pertaining to Indira Awas Yojanas, Social have been identified for special attention. Forestry, maintenance of created assets In Soreng in the first phase seven revenue blocks were covered wherein programmes and creation of durable assets within their related to conservation of energy like planta tions, improved chullas, bio-gas plants, solar areas. In view of importance being given energy schemes etc. were taken up. Approxi to the Jawahar Rojgar Yojana, much greater mately 80 hectares have been covered under attention will have to be paid to this scheme the IREP plantation programme in the 7 in the Eighth Plan. revenue blocks at Soreng, wherein fast growing species have been taken up for plantation 5.6 Development of new and renewable to meet the fuel wood requirements of the sources of energy has been receiving special public of the area. The second phase to cover the remaining ^2 revenue blocks is attention in the district. In view of the now under implementation. Gayzing which popularity of the scheme amongst the rural is the second sub-division to be identified population so far 201^ improved chullas have been set up in the district with 75 is now being surveyed and a project paper bio gas plants. Under solar energy 9 water is being prepared. The physical targets and heaters, 8 solar cookers and 25 photo voltaic financial outlays proposed for the 8th Five street lighting have been completed with Year Plan may be seen at Annexure I & 6 of these projects being taken up in some II. 74

department of rural development Annexure-I PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS DISTRICT r WEST SI. ITEM U nit Eighth Plan Annual Plan No. (1990-95) Proposed Target (1990-91) Proposed Target 1. a) Direction & Administration - - b) - - _ c) • Residential Building - Non-Residential Building 15 - No. of villages - 2. Rural Water Supply villages for partially/fully covered No. of villages 6 4 3. Augmentation a) Rural Water Supply Scheme 2 Rural Roads & Eoot Bridges Nos. SFB 8 2 Km. RCC 20 2 Bridges Steel 48 10 120 46 b) Roads V/R Nil J/R 2 312 ** 1875 3 1919 2 4. Rural Sanitation Nos. Nos. 12 312 a) House hold sanitary latrines Nos. 1875 b) Institutional sanitary latrines Nos. c) Bathing Cubicles d) Soakage pits * 5. NRSE/IREP Nos, 300 50 Biogas 70 30 a) Bio mass Nos. 1250 b) Improved Chullas Nos. 5000 c) 75

rii_ DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Annexure-ll PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAY (Rs. in Lakhs) DISTRICT:WEST SI. Name of Project/Scheme Eighth Plan Of which Annual Plan Of which (1990-95) No. Proposed Capital (1990-91) Capital Outlay Proposed (1) (2) Content Outlay Content (3) (4) (5) (6) 1. a) Direction & Administration 7.00 - 1.50 - b) - c) Residential Building 12.50 3.75 - Non-Residential Building - 6.25 2.50 - 2. Rural Water Supply 197.00 67.00 - 88.00 — a) Partially covered/fully covered villages - Augmentation b) 25.00 Rural Water Supply scheme - 3. Rural Roads & foot bridges 135.00 28.00 - Bridges 25.00 - a) - b) Roads 2.00 - 4. Rural Sanitation 12.60 - 2.10 - 0.90 - 0.20 - a) House tiold sanitary latrines 2.10 —\\ 0.30 - b) Institutional sanitary latrines 0.60 - 0.10 - c) Battling cubicles d) Soakage pits 5. NRSE/IREP ' 15.00 3.00 - a) 2.20 - Biogas 7.00 - - !■ b) c) Bio mass 0.80 6. a) Improved Ctiullas - b) c) 1.25 d) - e) Gram Panctiayat 153.75 30.75 - 25.00 - Zilla Panctiayat 10.00 - Training & Sammelans - 5.00 1.63 Construction of Zilla Panchayat Bhavan \"I completioi^/of spill over works / State Institute of Rural Development 76

Education 6.1 Education has been accepted as the 2. Enrolment Total spring board towards the socio economic ^1759 progress of any society. The policy guidelines Enrolment (Stagewise) envisaged under the New Education Policy Pre-primary 13922 for spreading education and providing the 2S5U Class 1 - V 1183 basic necessary facilities to every nook Class VI-VIII 293 and corner of the State have also been clearly Class IX-X Class Xll 23011 outlined. The State Government have taken Total : up a number of- programmes to bring about adequate spread of educational facilities 3. Teachers and improve the literacy standards of the No. of Teachers people. 1. School mothers 108 6.2 The programmes envisaged are; 786 2. Primary Teachers (General) 196 1.0 Extension of pre school education faci- 253 3. Primary Teachers (Language) lities. if. Graduate Teachers (General) 24 5. Graduate Teachers (Language) 14 2.0 Opening of lower primary schools. 19 Upgradation of lower primary schools 6. Head Masters (Sec.School) 1 to primary schools. 7. Post Graduate Teachers (General) 8. Post Graduate Teachers (Language) 2 3.0 Upgradation of primary school to junior 9. Principals (Sr. Sec. School) ® 1403 high school. Total: 3.0 Establishment of Sub-divisional Educa 4. Teacher Pupil Ratio tion Office. iTit 6.0 9 olidation of physical facilities 6.4 Literacy Scenario in existing schools. According to 1981 census the West 7.0 Purchase of text books. (Geyzmg) District had a literacy rate of 8.0 Non-Formal education. of1t.05«r literacy rate 9.0 Work experience. 6.3 Education profile (West District)-1989. were 33.20% and 13.04% respecatnidvelfyemaalzes 1. Institutions Category Numbers I 1. Lower Primary School (90-^10)=100 22.20 By the endaveorfagteheof7th43.p9l5an%, atnhde 2. Primary Schools 3. Junior High School 67 anticipated literacy rate of the district 't. Secondary School 27 5. Sr. Secondary School lif is estimated at 35% as indicated under column 02 (6) in the table below. The target of projected Total : 210 literacy rate of 50% proposed to be achieved by 1-995 is given under column .(8) literacy rate. 77

SI. Person State District State District State District 6.7 Abstracts of proposed schemes with No. 1981 1981 1990 1990 1995 1995 total outlays and capital contets: 23.62 55 35 65 50 33.20 65 45 75 60 (Rs.in Lakhs) 13.04 35 25 45 35 1. Persons 34.05 SI. Schemes 1990-95 Of which 1990-91 Of which No. 2. Males 43.95 capital capital 3. Females 22.20 1. Provision of Pre- 6.5 As the literacy rate throughout the Primary Centres 117.00 82.50 18.20 10.50 state cannot be uniform there are a lot 2. Provision of Primary of imbalances/disparties from area to area, Schools 260.00 85.00 52.50 12.25 between urban and rural, between male and 3. Assistance to Non- female and among different communities. Therefore, concerted, .efforts have been Govt. Primary and made and would still have to be made to monastic and special identify the low literacy segments and to schools 12.00 - 2.50 - uplift it to the extent possible by providing • necessary educational and physical facilities. 4. Provision of Junior High School 368.00 108.00 58.60 16.70 5. Purchase and Publication of Text Books 30.00 - 7.00 - 2.00 - 6.6 Enrolment Achievement and Targets 6. Non formal Education 12.50 - I.JO - 7. Work Experience 9.00 - 141.80 38.00 The achievements as regards enrolment Sub Total: 808.50 275.50 \\ at the pre-primary, primary and junior high 8. Upgradation of standards (middle) school stages during 1989-90 and of admn. including projected enrolment targets proposed to be achieved by 199^1-95 and 1990-91 are establishment of sub- detailed below: divisional office 127.00 22.00 30.00 480.00 9. Clearance of backlog of / 100.00 physical facilities 480/00 130.00 271.80 SI. stage Achievement Proposed Target 607.00 502.00 1515.50 777.50 No. 1989-90 1994-95 1990-91 Sub Total: Total: 1. Pre-Primary stage 2671 3600 3400 Physical and financial targets of first Boys 3100 2800 2088 6700 6200 seven schemes have been projected for the Girls 4759 four districts with in the over all physical Total and financial size of the state plan of the 2. Primary Stage 7666 10000 8700 Boys 8600 6200 elementary education sector but physical 6256 15600 and financial target for scheme No.8 upgrada- Girls 13922 13600 Total tion of standards of district administration 3. Junior High(middle) stage including establishment of sub-divisional Boys 1627 2800 2200 educational offices and of scheme No.9 2200 1500 clearance of the backlog of physical facilities Girls 1227 5000 3700 have been projected in accordance with Total 2854 the actual requirement. Provision of pre- primary, primary and middle level educational facilities during eighth plan - 1990-95. 78

Scheme No.l: Provision for pre-primary Considering all above mentioned require centre: • ments, a total outlay of Rs.260. lakhs is needed for provision of Primary level education. * Outlay earmarked for the 1990-91 At present there are 200 nos. of pre- primary centres attached to primary schools annual plan is Rs.52.50 lakhs including Rs. 12.25 and primary sections of junior high, secondary lakhs for capital. and senior secondary school. During the 8th plan • 7 pre-primary. Scheme No.3: Assistance to Non Government centres are proposed to be established for Primary, Monastic and Special which 7 posts of school mothers will be School: created. The old pre-primary centres and An outlay of Rs.l2 lakhs is proposed to be given as grant in aid to Non Govt. the new ones will be consolidated with essen primary, monestic and special schools during the 8th plan. During 1990-91 an amount tial physical facilities i.e. furniture , teaching, learning materials , library books, toys and of Rs.2.50 lakhs is earmarked. play equipments. As most of the pre-primary (Rs. in Lakhs) classes are being run in unsatisfactory class rooms/accommodations, it is proposed to SI. Sub-Schemes Proposed Outlay construct 110 class rooms of the size of No. 1990-95 1990-91 30'x20' at the cost of Rs.75,000 per class room. The total requirement of funds for 1. Sanskrit Pathshalas 5.00 1.00 2. Monastic Schools 7.00 1.50 tahpepoiensttmaebnlitshmoefnt socfho7ol premotphreirmsa,ry pcreovnitsrieosn, 12.00 2.50 Total: of physical facilities and construction of 110 class rooms is of the order of 126 lakhs. The outlay for 1990-91 annual plan is Rs.18.20 lakhs including Rs.10.50 lakhs for capital. Scheme No.2: Provision of Primary School: Scheme No.4: Provision of Junior High School: Presently there are 157 primary schools As against 108 upper primary schools including Lower primary in which 7022 children in the district, there are only 28 junior high ^chihlidorKen ''eVnrr'o^lnled in primary exscclhuodoilnsg, school and 16 middle sections in secondary SSeeccoonnddaarryy sscchhoooohk°°7^^'' ^^^^\"dary and senior and senior secondary schools. Since 18 primary schools have attained the optimum growth I,,d,dppaarrattaodode o2p1enllooww7er T■h\" e P8ti^-hm^^aplrlayan istchiosoplsropaonsd- 7rlaisss V) and akr^ primary to primary sch.ools and have minimum of 15 students in class V A 7-7 li_anaiio aaopDpooiinntt 6633 pnrriimmaarrvy tteeaacchheerrss ^^e\"mquriieresd.T °^^TlTaeyacohfersR. sT.6o5 plraokvhidse wfoourldthebier and do not have middle section and junior high schools in the neighbourhood (with in In addition these primary schools will a radius of 2 km) these schools need upgrada- he equ ppe with essential physical facilities tion to junior high school by adding middle provi e un er operation blackboard projects at a c°st of Rs.iio lakhs. In all, 106 class stage to them. Therefore 90 teachers and rooms wi be constructed at a cost of Rs.85 18' peons have to be appointed at the cost of Rs.l80 lakhs. To equip these new and lakhs at the rate of Rs.80,000 per class old schools Rs.80 lakhs would be needed room. for providing physical facilities. In addition to above, each junior school will be provided a six roomed school building at the cost of Rs.l08 lakhs (d Rs.6 lakhs per building. Outlay earmarked for 1990-95 would be Rs.368 lakhs out of which Rs.l08 lakhs will be for capital. The annual Plan 79

1990-91 is Rs.57.60 lakhs out of which Rs.16.20 Scheme No.8: Expansion and Strengthening lakhs will be for capital. of District Education Office: Scheme No.5: Purchase and Publication of The detailed break up for expansion and strengthening of District Education Text Books: Office for 8th Plan 1990-95 is as under: An outlay of Rs.30 lakhs is required for this district for the purpose of purchase, 1. Strengthening ol Rs.60.00 lakhs administrative set up publication, procurement and distribution Rs. 9.00 lakhs 2. Provision of physical Rs.22.00 lakhs of books during 8th plan 1990-95 and Rs.7 Rs. 36.00 lakhs facilities (equipments) Rs.l27.00 lakhs lakhs for the 1990-91 annual plan. 3. Provision of residential Scheme No.6:. Non-Formal Education: and non-residential bldgs. Since the objectives of non formal Establishment of sub-divn. education is to supplement the efforts of the formal education system to ensure fulfil Education Office ment of the national commitment of universal- Total; ising elementary education the- entire system 15 to be systematically implemented during During 1990-91 Annual Plan period an outlay of Rs.30 lakhs including Rs.6 lakhs the 8th plan according to the revised pattern formulated to cater to the heads of school for capital would be required. dropouts, working children and specially Scheme No.9: Clearing of the backlog of girls, taking full advantage of CSS and CPS physical facilities: provisions. There is a very heavy backlog of physi During the 8th plan 1990-95, 250 nos. cal facilities i.e. school buildings, staff quar of centres are proposed to be opened targetted ters, hostels, furnitures, electrification, to cover 2500 nos. at a cost of Rs.12.50 water supply, toilets and play grounds in lakhs. For 1990-91 annual plan 50 centres, addition there is also a backlog of funds targetted to cover 500 Nos., at a cost of required for annual maintenance of buildings, play grounds and funds for minor/special Rs.2 lakhs is earmarked. repairs of various types of buildings. During Scheme No.7: Work-experience: the eighth plan 1990-95 provision of funds in a phased manner is indicated below: To encourage students of the primary and middle stage to undergo work experience Rs. in Lakhs in activities which would be of immediate utility to the schools such as improvement 1. Construction of school bldgs. 150.00 110.00 of school environment, manufacture, improve 2. Construction of teachers quarters materials and equipments used in school 50.00 and social services such as construction 3. Provision for supply of furnitures Provision for water supply and 5.00 of playgrounds, approach road, protective 10.00 walls and repair and renovation of school electrification U5.00 buildings, during the Eighth Plan 1990-95 an outlay of Rs.9 lakhs is projected, with 5. Construction of toilets 110.00 ifSO.OO 1990-91 Annual Plan provision of Rs.l lakh. 6. Construction of playgrounds 7. Provision for minor/special repairs to different types of school buildings Total: 80

Health 7.1 With the commitment to achieve \"Health 3. Ambulance 1 No. 3.00 for All\" by the year 2000 A.D. the target Total: 30.00 for establishing one PHC for every 20,000 7.3 Under the programme to consolidate the Rural Health infrastructure, the P.H.S.C. population and onq, PHSC for every 3,000 at Dentam is being upgraded to a fulfledged population would have been achieved ir Primary Health Centre. The construction the district by the end of the 7th Plan. of the P.H.C. building at Reshi is also being The West District with a population density taken ud along with the residential quarters of 6^ persons per sq. km. has one 50 bedded for which a sum of Rs.25.00 lakhs has been District hospital at Gyalshing, 6 Primary proposed. In the remaining 5 P.H.Cs, where there is a shortage of residential accommo Health Centres and 37 Primary Health Sub dation, an outlay of Rs.10.00 lakhs has been Centres. In the 13 revenue blocks which proposed for the construction of the staff have been identified as ITDP areas 8 Primary quarters. Health Sub Centres have been established at Okharey, Magnamkarzi, Ribdi-Bharang, Kongri Zeel-Hatidunga, Melli-Aching, Karmatar, Dethang. Some of the major health 7A In addition to the 5 P.H.S.Cs already problems identified in the district are diarr established in the l.T.D.P. areas of the district, it is proposed to set up 3 P.H.S.C. at an hoea and dysentry, gastroentritis, worm infes tation followed by Tuberculosis and I.D.D. estimated cost of Rs.15.00 lakhs. As some 7 2 In Eighth Five Year Plan the 50 of the P.H.S.C. which have been established u* j<jed District Hospital at Gyalshing is nroDOsed to be upgraded to a 100 bedded are functioning in private buildings, it is hosoital\" Sophisticated medical equipments proposed to undertake the construction of uldaddbietioninasltasltleadff apnodsteMde.diAcaltotSaplecioaultilsatys 12 P.H.S.Cs in the Eighth Plan at an estimated ^ 17.S.60.50 lakhs has been proposed for cost of Rs.76.80 lakhs. TTie programmes ® upgradation of the hospital and construc- envisaged in the Eighth Plan to consolidate the Rural Health infrastructure are indicated below:- t^^^piotfedquaratnedrs.thTehe fsitnaafnfciaplropiomspeldictatoiobnes .ue purchase of equipments is indicated on Rs. in Lakhs 15.00 Sl. Items Fin ancial No. implication Man^PS:^ 1. Additional 2 ANMs per PHC 12 Rs.in Lacs '+ Nos. ^.50 2. —yg^cialists 2 Nos. 2. Ambulance l(Reshi 3 Nos. 2,00 b g.d.m-o^ 1 No. 1 No. 12.00 PHC) 0.60 )staff Nurses 2 Nos. 1.25 d) Lab. Technicians 1 No. 3. 1 KVA Generator per PHC 6 e) O.T. Sister 1 No. 't. 50 MA - X-Ray Plant l(Soreng 1 No. f) Ward Attendant PHC) 0.20 g) Generator Operator h) Or. Accounts Clerk 5. Sintex water tank(500 litre i) Registration Clerk capacity) 8.55 81

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAYS FIVE YEAR DISTRICT PLAN (1990-95) DISTRICT: WEST Sl.No. Name of Scheme Revenue Capital Total 1. District Hospital 30.00 60.50 90.50 2. Primary Health Centres (PHC) 13.55 35.00 48.55 3. Primary Health Sub-Centre (PHSC) 15.00 76.00 91.80 58.55 172.30 2 30.85 Total ' V, 82

:-'rv,v, - r- Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes. 8.1 As part of the strategy to improve Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe commu the socio-economic conditions of the Scheduled nities; Tribes, a large number of welfare programmes 8.2In the Eighth Plan it is proposed to consoli have been taken up covering educational date and strengthen the existing Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Welfare Department snd all aspects of socio-economic development with the primary objective of identifying the areas inhabited by the Scheduled Caste The West District whose total population and Scheduled Tribe and also to prepare a proper data on them taking into considera ^ per the 1981 Census was 75,912 had a tion the areawise population of the living standard of the people, the activities involved tribal population of 15,071 and Scheduled in and also to identify the welfare and benefi Caste population of 3,53^- as per the Census ciary oriented schemes that could be under report. The Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled taken in the different areas. Tribe population are mainly rural based 8.3 The programmes that are being undertaken by the Department mainly relate to award relying almost entirely on agriculture, agro of educational stipends, economic programmes like agricultural and agro based development based activities and small scale house hold schemes that are both beneficiary and area industries. With the aim and objective ot oriented. In addition the Scheduled Caste irnprovine the socio economic status of the and Scheduled Tribe Welfare Department Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe in coordinate with the other sectors in taking up beneficiary oriented welfare programmes State, the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Welfare Department was established. for the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes. department inspite of its small infrastruc- 8.'^The financial implication on the programm ^\"^re has been responsible for coordinating es envisaged is indicated in the Annexure. activities of the various departments of the State Government, to ensure that port of the . State plan fund is utilised for the benefit of the Scheduled Caste and Sch duled Tribe population. Schemes relating Agriculture, Agro based small scale industries have been - in various parts of. the district as P^*\" . the programme to improve the socio-ev^on condition of the people belonging to xntr 83

DEPARTMENT OF SCHEDULED CASTES/TRIBES Armexure - I District : WEST PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS Code No Major Heads/Minor Heads Eighth plan District Annual Plan District of Development 1990-91 1990-95 Proposed Outlay Proposed outlay 2225-01 WELFARE OF SCHEDULED CASTE (Nos) (Nos ) (Nos ) (Nos) 01-227 Educational Schemes: 20,146 4,029 3300 660 245 40 8 (i) Pre-matric Students Scholarship 49 2 28,641 10 (ii) Post-Matric Students Scholarship 5,728 52 (iii) Public School Students Scholarship 01-102 Economic Development - Beneficiaries 280 28 4778 946 200 40 ^ WELFARE OF SCHEDULED TRIBES 28,641 5,728 6 1 1,220 104 21 02-227 Eduational Schemes : 50 244 560 10 1 (i) Pre-matric Students Scholarship 3 (ii) Post-matric Students 112 (iii) Public School Students Schollarhip 1 02-102 Economic Development - Beneficiaries 02-3 Tribal Area Development - Villages 84 I

DEPARTMENT OF SCHEDULED CASTES & SCHEDULED TRIBES District: WEST Annexure - H PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAY Code No. Major Head/Minor Eighth Five West District Annual Plan West Heads of Development 2225-01 Year Plan (1990-95) (1990-91) Pro 001 posed Outlay 01-227 Proposed outlay 01-102 01-1 Welfare of Scheduled Caste 15.00 3.00 2.55 0.51 Direction Administration 118.50 23.70 17.40 3.48 02 Educational Scheme 0.23 001- 6.50 a65 1.14 Economic Development 6.00 1.00 1.T3 02-227 6.16 5.40 02-102 Welfare Board 37.00 36.60 6.65 0.46 02-2 183.00 27-00 Welfare of Scheduled Tribes 2.70 2 Direction & Administration 13.50 2.28 3 Educational Scheme 6.00 30.18 1.00 Economic Development 6.50 102.99 1.50 Welfare Board 21.68% 26.00 Research & Training 83.00 Tribal Area Programme 475.00 Total 10055 Precentage Distribution 85 I

Fisheries 9.1 Fisheries development in Sikkim has near Tashiding and other streams within been restricted to development of inland fisheries only in view of the geological position the district would be extensively surveyed of the State. However, the innumerable to see whether these could be used for Rive rivers, streams, and lakes within the State rine fishery and stocking of Trout seeds. have made development of inland fisheries Paddy ciim fish cultivation with carp finger- ideally suitable to the area. Fish Seed produc lings would also be taken up on a larger tion farms have been set up in the district scale with the cooperation of the willing at Soreng, Gyalshing and Yoksom. The scheme farmers. of promoting fish production in paddy field 9.3 The Department proposes to renovate with carp fingerlings has been undertaken the lake at Uttarey so that the lake could on an experimental basis and has proved be used not only as a fish culture farm but also for the purpose of Angling and other to be successful. sports associated with Fisheries. Other pro grammes envisaged is the setting up of a 9.2 Promotion of Fisheries in the District fish seed farm at Rothak and a Chinese hat is primarily to provide a supplementary chery at Soreng and the distribution of Fishing source of income to the villages. As part of the promotion programme envisaged Fish equipments like Nylon thread and lead sinker seeds from the production farms would be to some of the local fishermen. The outlays distributed for culture in private ponds, under Fisheries for the West District can areas along the river Rangeet and Lodongchu be seen in Annexure I & IC ■X V. 86 M II -•

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES Annexure - 1 PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS District : WEST SIJMo. Item U nit Eighth Plan Annual Plan 1 2 3 (1990-95) 1. Proposed (1990-91) T arget Proposed 2. T arget k 3. 5 4. Fish Production < Tonnes a) Inland b) Marine II iG.-bb 25.25 /' 11 Fish Seed Production - 3.0 0.3 a) Fry . b) Fingerlings 1 .Lakhs 18.0 Fish Seed Farm 6.0 0.5 Water Area II 4 4.0 a) Nursery Nos. 3.8 b) Rearing Hectare 33.5 j II II 87

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIES Annexure - I PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS Item and. Unit Unit 7th plan DISTRICT ; WEST 1985-90 8th Five Year 1990-91 Annual Actual Achievements Plan (1990-95) Plan Proposed Proposed Target Target. 1. No. of units assisted Nos. 25 40 8 2. No. of persons employed Nos. 300 800 120 3. Production (Amount) Rs. In lakhs 130.00 200.00 40.00 4. No. of artisans assisted Nos. 80 80 25 'Nos 100 - 100 20 5. Entrepreneurship Development Programme Annexure - II DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIES PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAY District : WEST GRs. In lakhs) SJMo, Name of the Schemes 8th Five year plan 1990-91 proposed outlay 1. DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE, JORETHANG proposed 2. Training to Rural Artisan 6.00 outlay. 3. 1.50 Entrepreneurship Development Programme 4.00 1.00 Information and Publicity 2.00 0.50 12.00 3.00 90

Irrigation 11.1 The Irrigation facilities in the State mainly being utilised by the farmers for prior to the^ establishment of the Irrigation the purpose of obtaining double and multiple Department mainly consisted of private irrigation channels constructed by the farmers cropping from their lands and more so for who took advantage of the. stream water the purpose of vegetable cultivation during flowing down the hill side and also the heavy the dry season. The additional irrigation rainfall during the monsoons. With the esta facilities envisaged to be created by the blishment of the Irrigation Department under end of the Seventh Plan in the district is the Rural Development in the Sixth plan, minor irrigation channels were constructed, anticipated to be 71^50 hac. tapping the water from the streams and 11.3 The important schemes proposed to be taken up during the Eighth Plan in the the excess rain water during the monsoons. District are Reshi to Mangalbare,y MIC, 11-2 In the West District of the 32600 extension of Sombarey-Daramdin MIC . and under cultivation, 3022 hac. have been Augmentation of Rinchenpong storage scheme. with irrigation facilities excluding In addition it is also proposed to renovate the Kuccha channels and restore the old, and irrigation channels constructed defunct irrigation channels. The proposed thpmselves. The Irrigatiionndivfiadcuiallitifesarmearres financial and physical targets for the West District can be seen in Annexures I & II. 91

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES Annexure - II PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAY DISTRICT:WEST Sl.No. Name of Projects/Schemes Eighth Plan Of which Annual Plan Of which (1990-95) (1990-91) 1 2 Proposed Capital Capital Outlay Proposed 1. Direction and Administration Content Outlay Content 2. 3 3. Extension & Training 4 5 6 tx. Beneficiary Oriented Scfiemes * 5. Survey & Researcti - « 6. 7. Trout Fish Seed - - 8. 9, Crap & cat fish seed - - ■ - - 10. - Conservation 0.50 - 0.15 - Mahseer Propagation 0.50 0.10 Office Accomodation 2U.00 - 2.00 2.00 F.F.D.A. 15.50 5.00 3.00 5.05 15.00 2.45 2.45 12.00 - - - 3.55 - - - - 6.00 - 1.00 - Total . 51.55 30.55 10.70 7.45 88

1; Industries 10.1 Industrialisation in Sikkim is directed In addition to the cottage industries centred towards establishment of \"clean industries\" on the traditional lines the State Khadi that do not disturb the environment and cause pollution. In the West District the and Village Industries Board have set up 2 Centres at Dodak Burikhop and Begha industries that have been established are for the production of woollen garments popu mainly related to house hold cottage industries, larly known as 'Rari' and . 'Lukuni'. Khadi small scale industries financed by the Sikkim Bhandar Centres have also been opened Industrial Development & Investment Corpora in Soreng and Gyalshing catering to the tion and nationalised b.anks. more common activities related to Khadi 10.2 The Directorate of Handicrafts and Handlooms have opened 2 Centres at Pelling & Village Industries. and Okarey where training is imparted to 10.3 The District Industry Centre at 3ore- selected candidates in the production of thang coordinates the activities in the district traditional carpets and wood crafts. Apart related to training of. rural artisans, enterpre- from the training given to the selected train neurship development, information and publi ees, these Centres are also producing artifacts city, establishment of small industries with based on traditional lines for public sale, financial help from the local banks and the ftie trainees from these Centres have on marketing of the products of the rural artisans completion on their training opened small and the cottage industries.. Under the guidance Centres financed by the Sikkim Industrial of the District Industry Centre, a number Development & Investment Corporation of small industries have been opened in the District. The financial outlay and the where the trainees themselves have gone various programmes envisaged for the district in for the production of traditional crafts. are indicated in the Annexures I & II, V I 89 •V 4' , In ■k\" ' - .iiiJiWk,

DEPARTMENT OF MINOR IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAYS DISTRICT : WEST Code No. Name of the Scheme/Project' Eighth Plan West District 1 104000000 Proposed Outlay 1 IV. IRRIGATION & FLOOD CON f ROL 223.00 01 MINOR IRRIGATION 800.00 jf 103 Surface Water 40.00 I 800 Diversion Schemes 100.00 3.00 2^.00 11 001 Other Expenditure 13.00 3.00 003 i) Lift Irrigation 13.00 1 032 ii) Command Area Di^velopment 10.00 ^ iii) Strengthening of Surface & Ground 73.00 11 23.00 ~ water organisation (30:30) 23.00 : IV.) Encouraging Irrigation Ihrouijh 10.00 6.00 1 use . of Water/Energy - 11 General J11 Direction & Administrative . i) Construction of Office & Godowns 1 11 Investigation tvlachinery & Equipments j1 1 i 1\\ 11\\ 1t 11 i 11 11 Total 1,090.00 291.00 i ' 1 92

Annexure-ll DEPARTMENT OF MINOR IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL PROPOSED FINANCIAL OUTLAY (Rupees in Lakhs) DISTRICT : WEST 1 1 Code No. Name of Project/Scheme Eighth Plan Of which Annual Plan Of which Remarks (1990-93) Proposed Capital (1990-91) Capital Outlay Proposed Content Outlay Content 12 3 43 67 104270200 iV. IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL 1 Minor Irrigation : 01 Surface Water 103 Diversion Schemes 223.00 223.00 . 43.00 43.00 800 Other Expenditure (i) Lift Irrigation 40.00 38.00 01.20 - - - - \\ (ii) Command Area Development 3.00 - 0.80 - - \\ (iii) Strengthening of Surface & Ground Water Organisation (30:30) - - (iv) Encouraging Irrigation through 3.00 1.33 use of Water Energy General 001 Direction & Administration 10.00 - 1.60 - - 003 6.00 - 1.44 - - 032 Investigation Machinery & Equipments ~ ~ total of minor IRRIGATION 291.00 263.00 31.37 43.00 - 104271100 FLOOD CONTROL ^ DRAINAGE ' 01 Flood Control 103 Civil Work (LTank Protection Schemes) 33.00 33.00 3.00 3.00 - 3.00 1 TOTAL OF ItOOD CON 1 ROL AND 33.00 33.00 3.00 30.00 DRAINAGE GRAND TOIAL OE 104000000 346.00 318.00 36.37 95

SIKKIM NORTH DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 01 regional divisions •^/^t'ochunq I iunlhonq ungJhong I TinQbc^q jntjlha SinqhiW \\Slna<!hil Hee Gyafhqto « 1.4.1. 1 TISTA UPPE1 VALLEY 1.4.1 2 NOPEHERN forested HILLY 1.4. 1.3 REGION northern HILLS AND ICE-CAPS

North District Introduction 3. Demographic Features : Divergence Physical Feature : The North District occupies in geographical features, difficult mountain the most strategic position among the four terrain, steep escarpment, harshness of Districts of Sikkim. It is surrounded by two living conditions have influenced the pattern international boundaries namely, the vast of settlement in the area and the way of stretches of the Tibetan plateau in the living. North and East and the Kingdom of Nepal in the West. The high serrated, snow capped Out of 54 revenue blocks 51 blocks spurs and peaks crowned by Kanchenjunga form the most attractive part of the natural are found to be inhabited. Mangan, the District beauty of the District. Headquarter in the only town in the District. The District has a total geographical As per 1981 population census, the area of ^226 Sq. Kms. which constitutes district has only 26455 population with 14,784 about 60 per cent of the total area of the males and 11,671 females. This constitutes State. About 66.88 per cent of the area about 8.63 per cent of the total population in the district is either perpetually snowbound of the State, although area under this district {35AT) or covered with shrub pastures and rocky barren areas of Alphine zone (31.^%) accounts for 6096 of the total of the State Reserve Forest area accounts for about area. The number of females per hundred males is only 79, which is lowest compared 20.65 per cent, leaving hardly 12.^^7 per to other districts of Sikkim. More than 5096 cent of total land for habitation and cultiva of the population are tribal of Lepcha and tion. These areas are mainly in the lower Bhutia community with rice, maize and ranges where the District Headquarters wheat as their staple food. Out of 51 inhabited Mangan is located and scattered over Lachen villages, in 35 villages, tribals are in majority. and Lachung valleys. The projected population of the district for 1990 is 36430. The population of the 2. Rain Fall : The entire District is district is likely to reach 42520 by the year subject to heavy rainfall and it varies from 1995. 1000 mm to 5000 mm with varying intensities mainly during the period May to September. In general, the villages are small to The 'liver Teesta originates from the Zemu the extent that about 68.83 per cent villages are having population less than 500. The Glacier in the District and flows from North rate of urbanisation is very low with only 2.95 per cent of the population live in the to South. Main watersheds identified in only town Mangan. the district are as follows : Only 29.74 per cent of the population are literate as per census. The female literacy River 8a3in Catchment Pick Elevation (Metres) is as low as 16.78 per cent. Are^ km 2) discharge Highest Lowest rate catchment point (cur- seecs) Lachen Chhu 1879 5250 8600 1525 4. Economic Classification of Population: 2655 7230 Lachung Chhu 949 5300 1525 Rang Rang Chhu 272 998 SInghIk or 8590 760 The District is economically the most backward Talung 832 3744 District of Sikkim. Practically, no industry 910 has been established so far. However, Blankets and Carpets are manufactured in small 97

scale as part of the household sector. Agricul In fact, there is not a single industrial unit ture is the main stay in which most of the set up employing 20 or more people on a population are engaged for their livelihood. regular basis and/or employing capital on As per last 1981 census, ^^6.68 per cent plant & machinery worth Rs. 20 lakhs or people have been classified as main worker more. The District has been declared as of which 63.^1 per cent are engaged in cultivation or as agriculture labourer. The \"no industry\" district by Govt. of India. main workers in the household industry accounts As per Department of Industries, there for only 1.08 per cent and remaining have are about 112 establishments provisionally registered as household industry. The distribu- been classified under other workers. tion of these establishments are as follows: 5. Infrastructural Base: a) Agriculture : As per Agriculture Census Establishments No. 1980, there were 15272 hectares of land 1. Rice 4 4 in 1^771 operational holdings. Out of 15272 2. Bakery 3 3. Knitting 1 hectares, 1512 hectares were not available 4. Dairy 19 10 for cultivation. The culturable waste, fallow 5. Bamboo Craft 9 1 land other than current fallow and other 6. Furniture 16 1 uncultivated area excluding fallow land 7. Rug M.ahufacturing 5 accounts for 113 hectares, 788 hectares, 8. Tailoring 1 and 373 hectares respectively, leaving only 9. Weaving Unit(Lepcha) 19 1 12486 hectares as net cultivated area. 10. Fabrication 3 11. Carpentry 10 Gross cropped, area is estimated at 2 12. Dry Cleaning 1 (182.562%6) hehcatvaeresbeoefn whfiocuhnd ontloy 1b0e80 irhreicgtaatreeds. 13. Carpet Weaving tMhaeizceeriesaltshewhlearrgeeasst Csianrgdleamcoromp igsrtohwen laamrgoensgt 14. Cheese(Cold Drink) 1 .■ single cash crop in the district. This district 15. Saw Mill 1 31.16/o) in terms of area andshaprreod(uacbtoiuont 16. Blanket Weaving of Cardamom in the State. Area under various 17. Wood Work 18. Coment Ityland crops estimated is as under : 19. Automobile repairing unit 20. Grinding Mill SI. Name of Crop (Area Hectares) Total From the above, it may be seen that No. Irri Unirri- gated gated C.arpeL, wi^aviug are Lilt most predominant household industry as per provisional registrations. This accounts 1. Rice 1080 _ 1080 for 57 out of a total of 112 establishments. 2. Wheat 11 However, actual number of units in operation 3. Maize ~ 11 4. Millet 4098 4098 are very low. Recently, a plant for manufactur 288 5. Potato 288 24 ing cheese has, however, been established. 24 30 6. Ginger 30 c) Power : The district has enormous 6574 7. Cardamom 6574 10 hydel potential. There are as many as four 10 8. Orange 178 main watersheds identified besides the Teesta 178 9. Other Fruits River which has enormous potential for b) Industry :The Industrial develooment generating hydel power. Erection of one in the district is very poor. small and two mini-micro hydel power plants namely at Mayanchu (4 MW), Lachen ( 100 KW) and Lachung (200 KW) are already in hand With the power Deptt. A 1200 MW capacity 98

hydel project for construction by National Secondary 05 Sr. Secondary 01 Hydel Power Corporation near Mangan over 132 the Tista river is also under construction. ID Enrolments Boys Girls Total present, there is no power plant Stage in operation except the Lachen mini micro hydel unit in the district and requirement Pre-primary 778 727 1505 is met wholly from Lower Legyap Hydel 2137 1766 3903 project. Once the above mentioned plants Class 1 - V are commissioned, the district will not only Class Vl-Vlll 448 495 943 meet its own requirements but also feed Class IX-X 161 103 264 other parts of the State. Class Xl-Xll 37 08 45 Rural electrification has shown remar Total 3561 3099 6660 kable progress in the district as compared f) Medical and Public Health : The district is equipped with the district hospital, three to other districts of the State. As many Primary Health Centres and eighteeTi Sub- centres. Population per Doctor is worked as 42 blocks (villages) out of 51 have already out to 3779 as on 31.3.1987. been electrified by 31st March, 1988. g) Animal Husbandry : This sector plays d) Roads : Development of surface commu a pivotal role in the economic life of the ndeicvaetlioopnmeisnt anof esthseentidalistirnicptu.t Afosr peecrono1m9oicl households in the district. Using the data caepnpsruosa,cheodnly by29 pavcilclaagesroa(d5s8..86T%h)is cocuolvderebde of livestock Census 1982, it has been estima ted to have 2.44 numbers of Cattle, 2.75 about 66.61% of the population of the district. number of .Sheep and 2.95 number of bovine The district being strategically placed, the animals per household in the district. There construction of roads is being undertaken are 2 Veterinary Hospitals and four Dispensaries bv the Govt. of Sikkim and also by Border in the District. Roads Organisation. As on 31.3.1988, of metalled road, 60 kms. of water bound Tourism : The District has enormous tourism (Gravel) road and 14 kms. of earthern road potential. The high serrated, snow capped have been constructed by the Government. spurs and peaks crowned by Kanchenjuhga The Border Roads Organisation has constructed about 124 km. of roads in the district. form the most attractive features in the • e) Education : 1981 Population Census natural beauty of the Districts. Besides recorded only 29.74 per cent of the population the beautiful landscape, it has a number as literates. The female literacy ^as a of hot springs, ancient monuments and places low as 16.78 per cent., The .present statu of Archaeological interest. The District being strategically located, restrictions as regards institutional facilities avaiiaoi have been imposed particularly for international and enrolment of students are as under tourists, which stands in the way of effective (i) No. of Institution Number development of tourism. Category 61 During the year 1987-88, about 27 Preliminary 24 375 international tourists visited the district. 14 There are seven hotels and six Dak Bunglow Lower Primary for accomodation in the District. Primary 3r. High School 99

Agriculture 1. Of the four districts in Sikkim, the for producing cash and commercial crops North District has the largest geographical including production of off season vegetables, laarneda abvuatilawbilteh floerastagrciuclutlitvuarteed pluarnpdo.se Thies large cardamom, seed potato, fruits, etc. about 16,000 hectares of the total geographical This area has also large number of medicinal area of 7,09,600 hectares. The net cultivated 12,if86 hectares, whAigcrhicuhlatsuranlowCenisnucsreawsaeds plants distributed most in the wild. Hence, North Sikkim has immense scope for the to 15,000 hectares. development of Agriculture depite limitation North District has the most rugged of irrigation and cultivated area for developing area with very steep hillslopes with adverse agriculture in proper prospective. The foremost agro-climatic situation. Crops are grown from altitudes ranging from 760 to as high step to be undertaken involves formulation as 3,600 metres above mean sea level. The rainfall is monsoon based and rainy season of area specific land use plans to suit the commences from 3une and ceases by the end of October. However, pre-monsoon showers typical agro-climatic situation of different in the months of April, May and winter rains in the months of January and February altitudes. The important crops grown in the a1r,e000notmmuncotommo5n,0.00Themmr.ainfSanlolwfvaalrliesdufrrionmg area include maize, rice, wheat, barley, winter months at high altitudes are normal millet and buckwheat in cereals; large carda fheiagthuroer.ganTihce mastotielrs caornetenqtu,itleow aicnidNicitrowgietnh mom and ginger in spices; orange and apple saon,dis phaorsephoarlusso, daenfd.clmeend,iumm imn.cp'ootans'hunlen,: infruits, and cabbage, radish, beans and like copper and zinc and tracp I ili.kxea„boo„ro.sn v&erymporloy.b.dneen„utmdueT'h'e: sn^hcrKw.::! and cucurbits in vegetables. The area under pulses and oilseed crops are more or less water's'cfurc'eirr. ^ar:t~ negligible, though scope exists for area increase under these crops. IS negligible. About 1,900 hector total cultivated area is irrigated. The crops ideally suited to various ecological regions include the above mentioned tropicaTlheatcullotwievartedaltiatruedaes fatlnls/fr crops and also fruit crops like peach, plum, at high altitudes. Based on ^'^P®''3ture pear, banana, guava and lime and lemon zoning, it is feasible to grow at lower hills, double-crops t • turmeric and garlic in spices; cauliflower, turnip, carrot, chilli and peas in vegetables; and monocrops at high altitudes. ^ \"^id-hills rape & mustard soyabean and sunflower in Inspjte of rugged topography, • oilseeds and rajma, ricebean, urd and field ebicloiltoyg^icaanld beancdkowwamrednnetss isof v^etrhye acrceTmju pea in pulses. There is good scope for growing non-traditional crops like straw-berry. Aspara gus, apricot, walnut, cherry, avocado, etc. The cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants has also some scope in North Sikkim. North Sikkim has the largest area under large cardamom, but of late, crop has deteri orated due to diseases &; pests problems and unfavourable weather condition. Hence, an urgent need is there to improve and rejuvenate these crops through appropriate technical programmes. In the 7th Plan, the terminal year production targets of food grains, oilseeds, cash and commercial crops, vegetable and 100

fruits are anticipated to be achieved almost made in the propagation of planting materials in full. Tfie production level anticipated by the end of 7th Plan is 15,890 tonnes locally. in respect of foodgrains and 1,120 tonnes During the 7th Plan, the training in the case of oil seeds. of farmers and farm women were also given However, scope exists for stepping considerable importance and some progress Has been made in the direction. But in consi up production of oilseeds with the development deration of actual need for such training of processing units. In the case of commercial crops like large cardamom, potato, ginger, the progress could be considered negligible. etc. production level of 10,260 tonnes is likely to be achieved. However, the production This was due to absence of farmers training of potatoes has gone up against the 7th plan target. The production target of large centres exclusively for North District. cardamom could not be realised due to cons During the 7th Plan period, no infrastructures in terms of establishment^ traints imposed by\" unfavourable climate of new farms, construction of residential and non-residential buildings and construction and incidence of diseases and pests in greater of office buildings were undertaken excepting magnitude. In the production of vegetables, establishment of a few new V.L.W. Centres. A few cardamom Research farm was established the 7th Plan targets would be exceeded the level of production being 3,000 tonnes at Kabi to take up adaptive research for during 1989-90. The production targets of cardamom development. fruits have also been fully realised with During the 8th Plan period, the above mentioned programmes will be given exception of apples. The apple orchards have special importance along with enhanced been completely wiped off by scab disease. uses of manures, fertilizers, pesticides, soil correctives and improved seeds of better During the 7th Plan, concerted varieties. The programmes like soil and water conservation, training of farmers efforts were made to step up production and farm women, adaptive and minikit trials of seeds of various crops locally. The achieve and soil testing will be given due importance. ment in this regard has been quite encouraging. In addition to this, proper physical infra structures will also be provided to regional The anticipated production of seeds by the farms and V.L.W. Centres including establish end of 1989-90 is Q-,S^O quintals. For the ment of one farmers training centre, three progeny orchards' and one seed potato farm. production of seed materials, the biggest It is also envisaged to establish one research farm for medicinal and aromatic plants. constraint has been the absence of scientific storage facilities. The introduction and promo The 8th Plan targets and proposed tion of area increase under high yielding outlay for various programmes for the North varieties have also received due priority District are given in Annexure I & II. during the 7th Plan, as a result of which, the anticipated area coverage under HYV is 6,500 hectares by the end of 1989-90. Significant progress has also been 101

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANNE^OJ RE - I PROPOSED PHYSICAL TARGETS & ACHIEVEMENTS DISTRICT : NORTH 5.No. Item U nit Eighth Plan Annual Plan (199D-95) Proposed (1990-91) T arget Proposed Target PRODUCTION OF FOODGRAINS Rice '000 2.70 2.20 Tonnes 2.70 2.20 Irrigated U nirrigated Total Wheat 5.10 4.20 5.10 4.20 Irrigated U nirrigated Total Maize 8.50 7.40 8.50 7.40 Irrigated U nirrigated 3.10 2.30 3.10 2.30 Total 1.00 0.80 Other Cereals 1.00 0.80 Irrigated 2.70 2.20 U nirrigated 17.70 14.70 20.40 16.90 Total Pulses Irrigated U nirrigated Total Total Foodgrains Irrigated U nirrigated Total Foodgrains (1)