Final Draft of BBG Class 5

PsfO{ @ xfdf| ] ;fdflhs / ;f:+ s[lts ;Dkbf 1

!= gu/kflnsfleqsf ;db' fosf] k|rlnt /Lltl/jfh / k/Dk/f @= cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] hGd tyf dT[ o' ;+:sf/sf] kl/ro lbg, #= j|taGw, k'6 axf| p ug{] tl/sf / dxTj eGg, $= ljjfx ;:+ sf/sf] kl/ro lbg / dxTj eGg, %= kb\\gfxf d]nfsf] P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] 5f6] f] hfgsf/L lbg, ^= si[ 0fhGdfi6dL, ctjf/L / cgQ/ a|tsf] kl/ro / dxTj eGg, &= :yfgLo:t/df k|rlnt dV' o nf]suLtdf xfpefp;lxt ufpg / g[To ug{ *= :yfgLo :t/df k|tlnt s'g} bO' { nfs] afhf ahfpg] cEof; ug{ (= gu/kflnsfleqsf] ;fdflhs , ;+f:sl[ ts, wfld{s tyf hfltut cj:yfsf] dxTj eGg . !)= xfdf| gu/leqsf wflds{ :ynsf] ;l+ IfKt kl/ro 2

kf7 –! hGd tyf d[To' ;:+ sf/sf] kl/ro hGd :f:+ sf/ yf¿ ;d'bfodf aRrfsf] hGd eO;sk] l5 ;T' s]/L cfdf / aRrfnfO{ ljzi] f sf]7fdf /fVg] ul/G5 . aRrfnfO{ :ofxf/ ug{sf nflu 3/sf] Pshgf dlxnf / ;l' 8gLnfO{ lhDdj] f/L k|bfg ul/Psf] xG' 5 . aRrfsf] gfO6f] 5'l§;sk] l5 kfFrf+} jf ;ftf+} lbgdf 36jf hg} f sd{ ul/G5 . pQm lbgbl] v ;fdfGo sf7] fdf cfdf / aRrf a:g kfpg] ub5{ g\\ g'xfP/ cfO;sk] l5 3/el/ ;'gkfgL 5ls{blbg] tyf aRrfnfO{ gofF n'uf nufOlbg] ub5{ g\\ / aRrfsf] gfd klg ;f]xL lbgdf g} /flvlbg] ul/G5 . o; ;d'bfodf aRrf hGdk] l5 e'6s] f] rfdn lk;]/ k|;fbsf] ¿kdf s'nb]jtfnfO{ r9fpg] rng 5 . To;nfO{ …7f;p/f k'Hg]Ú elgG5 . ha;Dd aRrfsf] gfO6f] 5'6\\b}g ta;Dd ;T' s/] Ln] 5fP] sf] / lxF8]sf] af6fd] f ;'gkfgL 5s{g] rng 5 . aRrf hGds] f] 5}6f+} lbgdf 56} L dgfpg] rng 5 . h;nfO{ …5flQaxL| Ú elgG5 . d[To' ;:+ sf/ yf¿ ;db' fodf s;}sf] dT[ od' f kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? h'6/] bj] tf /fVg] sf]7f jf ax/Ldf d[t nf; ;'tfO{ gofF n'uf nufOlbg] tyf skmg cf]9fO{ 5ftLdf lbof] afnL lx/g xfNg] sfd ul/G5 . dflg; d/]kl5 ;fFem jf /fltdf uf8g\\ ] jf hnfpg] ul/bF }g . ;feF m jf /flt uf8g\\ ] jf hnfpg] xf] eg] csf{] h'lgdf cGwf] eP/ hlGdG5 eGg] dfGotf 5 . dflg;nfO{ d;fg3f6df nh} fFbf 9lsofdf rfdn, bfn, g'g, a];f/, v';fg{ L /fvL lbG5g\\ . h;nfO{ ;fF7 elgG5 . ;f7;uF } dt[ sn] 3

ko| fu] ug]{ JolQmut ;fdu|Lx¿ ;d]t n}hfg] ul/G5 hLp cg';f/sf] vf6 pQfgf] kf/L nf; ;t' fO{ ;but ug{] :yfgdf n}hfg] ul/G5 . To;kl5 ufl] tof/ ;a}n] zj lnO{ ul/ofsf] kl/qmdf ul/G5 / zjnfO{ ul/ofleq /fvL df6f]n] k'g]{ sfo{ ul/G5 . ul/ofleq za pQ/ lbzfdf l;/fgL u/L dlxnf eP pQfgf] / k'?if eP 3f]K6f] kf/L ;t' fOG5 . o;an] f cfPsf ;a}n] dt[ snfO{ df6f] lbg] sfd ul/G5 . yf? ;d'bfodf dflg;sf] d[To' ePdf k?' if xf] eg] !) lbg, dlxnf xf] eg] ( lbg afg]{ rng 5 . rf]lvFbf rf/v'§] hgfj/ dfg]{ rng x'G5 . s;}n] s'v'/f sf6]/ df;' vfP/ rfl] vG5g\\ . rf/v'§] hgfj/ To;df ljz]ifu/L ;Ë' '/ sf6\\g] ul/G5 . d/s] f] dfG5n] fO{ gbL t/{\\g 3f8] f lbPsf] elgG5 . rfl] vg] an] fdf h]–h] kl/sf/ kfs]sf] 5 Tof] ;a} d/]sf] dfG5n] fO{ s'nb]jtf ePsf] sf7] fdf r9fOG5 . h;nfO{ lk6\\tf/ ->f4_ elgG5 . Ps k':tfsf ;a} dl/;s]kl5 hlt ufq] uf]ltof/ 5g,\\ ltgLx¿n] clxn];Dd k|ofu] u/s] f df6fsf ef8F f, 9lsof, ;'kf], rf}sL, an] gf, sf7sf r6'jf, 8Anf -8f8'÷klgof] u'G›L k/fnsf] lj8f, sn' b]jtf ;a} gbL jf vfn] fdf kmfnL ;a} gofF agfpF5g\\ h;nfO{ lkF9L pN6fn elgG5 . o; ;d'bfodf d[tssf] nf; nfO{ gbL lsgf/df hnfpg] k/Dk/f 5 hLjgsf] clGtd ;:+ sf/ cGTo]li6 ;:+ sf/ xf] h;df clUgåf/f bfx;+:sf/ u//] d[ts cfTdfnfO{ kljq agfpgs' f] ;fy} lkt[nfs] lt/ labf ul/G5 . k|f/Dedf z/L/nfO{ hdLgdf uf8\\g] jf hnfpg] rng gePsf] a'lemG5 . bfx;:+ sf/ u/]kl5 afsF L /xs] f] cl:y cjz]ifnfO{ k'gM s'g} kfqdf /fv/] e\"lddf uf8g\\ ] klg k|nrg /xs] f] kfOG{ 5 . a|taGw ;:+ sf/ ;:+ s[t efiffdf jt| eGgfn] k|lt1f a'lemG5 eg] aGw eGgfn] aGwg al' emG5. j|taGwsf] kt| Ls dflgg] hg} u|x0f ug]{ wflds{ kl| qmof klg xf.] afnssf] j|taGw k|fo afNofj:yfdf g} ul/G5, afnssf] pd/] * jif{ k\"/f ePkl5 p a|Xdros{ f] sd{ lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd dflgG5 / kf| o oxL pd]/df p:sf] jt| aGw ul/G5. To;n} ] o; sfo{nfO{ pkgog klg elgG5. jt| aGwsf] ljz]if ;\"rssf] ¿kdf /x]sf] d'08g clg hg} wf/0f kl| qmof /xs] f 5g\\ . sg' } klg lxGb\" wfld{s sfo{df em} j|taGwdf klg xf]d u/]em} clUg s0' 8df kh\" fcfhf ul/G5. o; k\"hf cGtut{ afnssf] u'?n] afnsnfO ufoqL dGq ;'gfpF5g\\, h; cGtu{t afnsn] x/s] jif{ u¿' k\"l0fd{ fsf lbg u¿' sf] d'v xg] ]{ ub{5g.\\ 4

ljjfx ;+:sf/ kmfu'g dlxgf yf?x¿sf] ljjfxsf] ofd xf] . ljjfxdf bn' xfsf] 3/af6 ;ug' sf] ¿kdf rfdn, bfn, a;] f/, g'g, t]n, v';f{gL, bn' xLn] nufpg] r'/f kf]t,] nugufF7f] s:g] sk8f, ;Ë' '/sf] ¿kdf Pp6f sfl] kG8f] -yf?df e?' sfx] f/f_ ljjfxsf] ;'?sf] lbg k7fpg'k5{ . h;nfO{ …rfp/ k/5gÚ elgG5 . ljjfxdf s6] fn] kY[ jLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;fdfGotM b]lvg] t:jL/df nufPsf] h:tf] bf}/f ;'/jfn nufOG5 . 6fk] L ufGwL 6f]kL x'G5 ljjfxdf bn' xf, 5j} fn'jf / u'h'jf tLg}hgfn] ufhn, nfnL, kfp8/ nufpgk' 5{ . b'nxf b'nxLsf] ufpFdf k'lu;sk] l5 glhss} f] rfs] af6 :jfutsf] nflu snz afs] ]/ lax]df ufOg] uLt ufpFb} b'nxLsf] 3/;Dd hGtLsf] :jfut ul/G5 . clg b'nxfnfO{ b'nxLsf] sn' b]jtf ePsf] sf]7fdf nluG5 . ToxfF klg b'nxf / 5j} fn'jfnfO{ ufhn, nfnL, kfp8/ nufO{ cfb/ u5{g\\ . Pp6f ;fgf] aRrfnfO{ b'nxfsf] sfvdf /flvG5 h;nfO{ sf]/fjfO7fO elgG5 . df;sf] bfnaf6 ksfp/Lh:t} s'r/Ls a/Lo eGg] kl/sf/ agfOG5 . b'nxf / b'nxLnfO{ s'nb]jtfsf] sf]7fdf a;fn]/ vfgf v'jfOG5 . To;kl5 s6] flt/sf dflg;x¿n] s6] Llt/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ kf]ns] f] cfn'sf] r6gL v'jfpF5g\\ . To;nfO{ …/uHhfÚ elgG5 . s6] LnfO{ k'¥ofpg cfpg] s6] Lx¿nfO{ kbfn]xf/L elgG5 . pgLx¿sf] v'§f s6] flt/sf s]6Lx¿n] w'gk' 5{ . 3/leq ;LwF} b'nxLnfO{ bn' xfsf] s'nb]jtf ePsf] sf7] fdf nu/] bn' xLn] b'nxfsf] v'§fdf a's'jf nufpgk' 5{ . as' j' f tf/] L e'6/] , dy] L xfn]/ l9sLdf sl' 6Psf] kl/sf/ xf] . ljjfxdf b'nxf / b'nxLsf] z/L/ a's'jfn] dfln; u/]/ g'xfpg'k5{ . s'nb]jtf ePsf] sf]7fdf s]6Ln] Ps /ft latfpgk' 5{ . pm;Fu -nfsfG] bL_ b'nxLsf] :ofxf/ ug{,] efph\" jf kmk' \" x'G5 . ToxL sf]7fdf csf{] laxfg cfˆgf] dfOtLaf6 nufPsf] ;a} n'uf km'sfP/ s6] f kIfn] lbPsf] n'uf nufpg'k5{ . s]6LnfO{ /ftel/ s]6flt/sf dflg;n] uLtaf6 ufnL u5{g\\ . ctL{ pkbz] lbG5g\\ . laxfg p7g\\ ] lalQs} b'nxLn] gofF r'nfd] f cfuf] afNg'k5{ . uf]7df uP/ clnslt uf]a/ kmfNg'k5{ . wf/faf6 clnslt kfgL eg{k' 5{ . csf]{ lbg bn' xL cfˆgf] dfOtLdf cfO{ ;'/x'jf, efG;l/of gw]l/of / cfˆgf] gft]bf/nfO{ labf ugk'{ 5{ . o;/L ljjfx ;DkGg x'G5 . si[ 0fhGdfi6dLM 5

o;df s]6Lx¿ j|t a;L ;'Gb/ j/ / 3/sf] ;v' zflGtsf] sfdgf u5g{ \\ . s'g} Pp6f 3/sf] b]xf/L -wfg /fVg] df6f]sf] efsf/L_ jf leQfdf si[ 0fnLnfsf ljleGg lrq sf]/L ufpFel/sf s]6Lx¿ Ps 7fpFdf hDdf eO{ k\"hf u5{g\\ . k\"hfdf Tof] jif{ h'g kmn vfPsf] 5}g, ToxL b'O{ cf6] f kmndf l;Gb'/l6sL cfˆgf] s'nbj] tfsf] sf7] fdf /fvL Psl5g kl5 h'g 3/df ci6dLsf] nflu lrq s'lF bPsf] 5, Tof] 3/df pgLx¿ ;femf k\"hf u/L /ftel/ s[i0fsf] hGdb]lv oj' f cj:yf;Ddsf] uLt ufp5F g\\ . lrlrG8fsf] gfO6f] dfgL lrlrG8f sf6L Tof] fO{ k\"hf u/L vfgf vfG5g\\ . j|tel/ h]–h] vfOG5 Tof] ;a} Ps Ps u/L 5'6o\\ fpF5g\\ / Tof] 56' \\ofPsf] efunfO{ ljjfx ePsf] rn] Lsf] 3/df pkxf/ lbG5g\\ . h;nfO{ …lg;/fpÚ elgG5 . lrlrG8f / lbof] lnP/ ;ah} gf gbL jf vfn] fdf uO{ tLg, kfrF , ;ft cf]6f aQL afnL gbLdf aufp5F g\\ . ctaf/L ebf} dlxgfsf] klxnf] cfOtaf/ s6] fx¿ jt| a:5g\\ . s6] fx¿ j|t al;;s]kl5 cGbLsf] /f]6L cfkm}+ ksfO vfG5g\\ . of] j|t s6] fx¿ bO' {rfl] 6 a:b5g,\\ bf;] |f] ebf} dlxgfsf] aLrdf of] dxfef/tdf n8fOF x'Fbf eLdn] xtf/df Pslt/af6 dfq /f]6L ksfP/ vfPsf] k;| Ëdf al;G5 . To;/L g} of] kj{df /f6] L Psflt/af6 dfq ksfP/ vfOG5, csf]{ lbg ljjfx ePsf] r]nLsf] 3/df pkxf/ k7fOG5 . cGfQ/ of] ebf} dlxgfsf] cGtlt/ a:5g\\ . s[i0f lxF8]sf] pknIodf / ;'Gb/ >LdtL, wg bfn} t / ;G' b/ k'q kf| Kt ugs{ f] nflu s]6fx¿ jt| a:b5g\\ . ufpeF l/sf s]6fx¿ Ps 3/df hDdf eO{ kh\" f u/L Tof] lbg gfrufg klg ub{5g\\ . b;}+ b;}df yf? ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿ cfˆgf s'nb]jtfx¿nfO{ k\"hf ub{5g\\ . lkt[ lbG5g\\ . >f4 lbG5g\\ . jif{sf] Psrfl] 6 hdf/f x'/8ª' u'jf gfr ;?' x'G5 . o;df b]jL b]jtf, dfofkL| lt, k/b]z uPsf cfˆgf] nfU] gs] f] ljof]usf] uLt xG' 5 . ci6dLsf] lbg lwsf/L, jfd/Lsf] km'n, 6

ufOs{ f] b\"w r9fp5F g\\ eg] gjdLsf] lbg cfˆgf] s'nbj] tfnfO{ efn] rNnf, kfy] L ;'Ë'/, e]8f, afv|f, xfF; r9fO{ k'/fgf] s'nbj] tf x6fO{ gofF s'nb]jtf /fVb5g\\ . csf]{ ;fFem ufpeF l/sf dlxnfx¿ sn' b]jtfnfO{ gfrufg;lxt vf]nfdf aufP/ g'xfpF5g\\ . h;nfO{ lktf/ cIf/fOg elgG5 . kT| o]s hgfn] Ps b'g df;', Ps af]tn /S;L nU5g,\\ ;a} Ps 7fpdF f ld;fp5F g\\ . clg Ps hgfn] ;a}nfO{ afF8]/ vfg lbOG5 . Tof] /ftel/ j83/sf] 3/df gfrufg u/L /dfpF5g\\ . csf]{ laxfg k|To]s 3/af6 Ps af]tn /S;L hd/f lnP/ Pp6f dlxnf Pp6f k?' if j83/sf] 3/df j83/nfO{ 6Lsf nU5g\\ . ;fdl' xs gfrufg u5{g\\ h;nfO{ hd/f nufpg] elgG5 . b]jf/L÷cdcf]; -ltxf/_ o;df yf? ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf] sn' b]jtf / cfuF g, nfx/Lo, hfFtf], l9sL, 9fs] f cfuF gdf lbof] afnL, lwsf/L /f]6L, df;' /S;L vfO{ of] rf8 dgfOG5 . nIdLk\"hfsf] lbg ufO{ uf]?nfO{ ds,} g'g v'jfpg] rng 5 . ltxf/el/ cfˆgf] 3/sf] ;fdfg csf]{ 3/df lbbF g} g\\ . df3L of] yf?sf] cflys{ jifs{ f] ;'?cft klg xf] . bfh,' efO 5'l6gnfO{ klg df3L dfgk] l5 5l' 6G5g\\ . o;df jif{el/ s]–s] sfd eP cfˆgf] 3/b]lv lnP/ ;dfhsf] l;+xfjnf]sg ul/G5 . ufpsF f] j83/, cuj' f, rfs} Lbf/ kmnfdsf] ;dfg agfpg] nfx] f/, nu' f l;nfpg,] ufpFel/sf dflg; Ps 7fpdF f a;]/ 5nkmn ub5{ g\\ . lrQ ae' m] ToxL JolQmnfO{ j83/ /fV5g\\ . lrQ gae' m] csf{] rG' 5g\\ . rfs} Lbf/, kmnfdsf] ;fdfg agfpg] nfx] f/, nu' f l;pg]n] Hofnf a9fpg] / 36fpg] ;do klg Tolta]nf ul/G5 . df3 ! ut] /flt glhssf] vf]nf jf gbLdf gx' fO{ rfdn, k};f, km\"n gbLdf jf dlGb/ jf 3/df /flvPsf] 9'Ëfdf r9fO{ 3/df uP/ rfdn cfˆgf] lgwf/df 6fF;L tLgrfl] 6 b'O{ xft hf8] ]/ tLgrfl] 6 Pp6f xftn] rfdn lgsflnG5 . o;f] ubf{ jife{ l/ u/]sf] kfk gf; x'g] ljZjf; 5 . Tof] rfdn ljjfx ePsf] r]nL jf 3/df dfUg cfPsf dflg;nfO{ lbOG5 . Tof] lbg ;fgfn] 7\"nf;] Fu v'§f jf xftdf wfu] L cfzLjf{b lnG5g\\ . df3Lsf] uLt ufO{ gfrufg klg ul/G5 . gx' fO;s]kl5 ltnnfO{ cfufd] f /fvL cfuf] tflkG5 . o;f] ubf{ ltn hltsf] dl;gf] kfk klg gfz xg' ] ljZjf; 5 . 7

pgLx¿ u]hL, tf8n, ltnsf] n•', ;ª' u'/sf] df;,' l9sf/L vfG5g\\ . 3f]uL, l;›f, /S;L, hf8 vfG5g\\ . 3/ 3/df uO{ df3L dgfpFb5g\\ . jife{ l/ af]nrfn ePsf] 5g} eg] klg Tof] lbgb]lv afN] g yfN5g\\ . xfn] L ufpeF l/sf s6] f a9' fkfvfx¿ Pp6f lglZrt 7fpFdf xfl] nsf hnfp5F g\\ . xf]lnsf hnfpgsf] nflu ;nfO{ jf nfO6/sf] k|of]u ul/+Fb}g . ufgLo/L eGg] Pp6f sf7df 3if0{ faf6 cfuf] lgsfnL ToxL cfuf]af6 xf]sfnL hnfpF5g\\ . Tof] xf]lnsf lgefpg csf{] laxfg Ps 3/af6 Pshgf dlxnf nf]6fdf kfgL, ufOs{ f] b\"w, xf]lnsf hnfPsf] v/fgL, Ps dfgf rfdn, l;psf] s'rf] lnP/ xf]nLsf] uLt ufpFb} Tof] v/fgLdf rfdn kfgL 5sG{ 5g\\ . ;ah} gf ufpeF l/sf ;femf bj] tfsf] k\"hf u/L, vfgf vfO;s]kl5 dlxnfx¿ ufpFsf e›enfbdL Jofkf/L, lzIfs k;} f dfUb5g\\ . b'O{ lbg;Dd ;a}hgf ldn]/ vfG5g,\\ uLt ufp5F g\\ . Gffr efiff ;:+ s[ltsf wgL of] hftL k/Dk/fut¿kdf k/fkj\" s{ fnb]lv cfˆg} ;dfh / kl/jz] df /dfpg] tyf dgf/] ~hg ug{] ub{5 . lzsf/ ug{], gfrufg ug]{ tyf v]tLkftLdf ljz]if u/L cfj4 oL hfltsf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] cfˆg} cl:tTj tyf dfl} nstf /xs] f] 5 . dtjfnL hfltsf] ¿kdf ;d]t kl/lrt of] hflt cfˆg} 3/df agfO{ kl/sf/ vfg] / kfx'gf ;Tsf/df /dfpg] ub{5 . dgf/] ~hgsf nflu ljz]if lsl;dn] cfˆg} ufp3F / ;dfhdf gfrsf/] ug{] / dgf]/~hg lng] k|rng 5 . g]kfndf a;fa] f; ug{] sl/a Ps ;o t]O; hfthfltdWo] efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] wgL dflgg] yf¿ hfltsf] dgf]/~hgsf ;fwg tyf ;+:sl[ tsf] af/]df ;fdfGo rrf{ oxfF ul/Psf] 5 . != em'd|f gfrM emd' f| gfr yf¿ hfltdf k|rlnt Ps nfs] g[To xf] . of] gfFr vf;u/L bz+} ltxf/sf] a]nf gflrG5 . t/ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef ;df/f]x / ljzi] f sfoq{ mddf o;sf] k|ofu] hlta]nf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; gfrdf Pshgf dfbn], b'O{hgf gfRg] dlxnf / Pshgf gSsnstf{ -hfs] /_ /x]sf] xG' 5 . of] gfr vf;u/L s} nfnL, s~rgk'/, alb{of / b]pv'/Ldf a9L k|rngdf 5 . of] gfrnfO{ :yfgsf] leGgtf cg';f/ e'd/L, emd' /f, em'd/, 3d' / / w'd/f cflbn] lrlgG5 . of] gfrdf b'O{ tkma{ f6 cfnfk] fnf] u/L uLt klg ufOG5 . 8

dlxnf dlxnfsf] aLrdf / k'?if k?' ifsf] aLrdf klg of] gf+r gflrg] k|rng 5 . dfbn,] gfRg]dlxnf / hf]s/sf] k|d'v e\"ldsf /xG5 . @= ;lvof gfrM vf;u/L klZrdf yf¿x¿df ;aeGbf j9L kr| ngdf /xs] f] gfr xf,] Ú;lvofÚ . of] gfr bz+} / ltxf/df dfq} gflrP tfklg cfjZos k/s] f] an] f ;ef ;df/f]x / pT;jdf dgf]/~hgsf] nflu gflrG5 . of] gfrsf] yfngL s[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbgbl] v x'G5 . of] gfrdf k0\" f{tof si[ 0f nLnf ;DaGwL uLt ufOg] ul/G5 . s]6f / s]6L bj' } ldnL ul/g] o; gfrdf bi' 6fTdfsf] eljtJoaf6 arfpgsf] nflu Pshgf u'?jfsf] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] x'G5 . uLt l;sfpg] Pshgf d'Vo u'? -h;nfO{ yf? efiffdf Údfl] xGofÚ elgG5_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . u'?n] p7fPsf] uLtnfO{ csf{] k+lQmdf l;sfpg] Ps hgf Úk5ufl] xofÚ cyft{ \\ ;xfos u'?sf] Joj:yf klg ul/Psf] xG' 5 . dfbn ahfpg] dWo] PshgfnfO{ …cuj' f dbl/ofÚ -cuj' f dfbn_] / Pshgf Úk5j' f dbl/ofÚ -k5fl8sf] dfbn]_ sf] Joj:yf ;dt] ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] gfrsf] cEof; vf;u/L ;fFemsf] an] f vfgf vfO;sk] l5 ul/G5 . z¿' sf] lbg km;L{sf] kft xftdf lnP/ gflrG5 eg] bf>] f] lbgb]lv sl/a Ps xKtfb]lv kG„lbg;Dd ;gkf6sf] kms' f{ agfO{ gflrG5 . To;kl5 ;fgf vfn] dlGh/f -efn_ ahfpFb} gflrG5 . o; gfrdf si[ 0f nLnfsf] uLt ufOG5 eg] dgf]/~hgsf] nflu ko}+ f -k}wf/_ cg';f/ gfRg] ul/G5 . of] gfr Ps ;fn gfrk] l5 sDtLdf tLg÷kfFr;fn;Dd nuftf/ gfRg' kg{] xG' 5 . #= n¶xjf gfrM ba' } xftdf Ps jf b'O{6f n¶L lnP/ dfbnsf] tfndf gflrg] gfrnfO{ n¶xjf gfr elgG5 . gfr yf¿ ;d'bfosf] Psbd k|rlnt gfr xf] . b'O{ jf rf/hgf dfbn] tyf hf8] fbf/ ;+Vofdf gfRg]x¿ /xg] ub{5g\\ . klxn] klxn] s]6fx¿ dfq gfRb} cfPsf] o; gfr cfhef]ln cljjflxt s]6Lx¿ klg gfRg yfns] f 5g\\ . o; gfrdf uLt x'Fb}g, dfq dfbnsf] tfndf xftdf n¶L lnP/ cfsif{s 9u+ n] gflrG5 . of] gfr klg bz}+sf] an] f gfRg] ul/P tfklg ljzi] f pT;j ;df/fx] cl3kl5 klg gflrG5 . o; gfrsf nflu gfr d08nLsf] Ps hgf cuj' f / Ps hgf k5'jf /xg] ub5{ g\\ . ;fy} gfr 6fn] Lsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ g/fdf| ] x'gaf6 hf]ufpgsf nflu Pshgf u?' jf -dGq hfGg] JolQm_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] gfr klg ;lvof h:t} z¿' u/k] l5 sDtLdf klg tLg ;fn gfRg'kg]{ x'G5 . $= d'Ëx| jf gfrM 9

bz+} cfpg' eGbf sl/a Ps dlxgf cl3bl] v cEof; ub{} gflrg] gfr / xftdf sf7sf] dË' f| -n¶L_ lnP/ gflrg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ dË' |xjf gfr elgPsf] xf] . o; gfrdf bO' { b]lv dfly hf]8f ;+Vofdf dfbn]x¿ /xg] ub{5g\\ . To:t} xftdf d'Ë|f lnO{ gfRgx] ¿ klg hf]8f ;+Vofdf b'O{ eGbf dfly /xg] ub5{ g\\ . dfbn] / gfRg]x¿sf] clwstd\\ ;V+ of tfl] sPsf] x'Fb}g . t/ hf]8f ;+Vofdf x'g' h?/L xG' 5 . dfbn] / gfRg]x¿ lk7\\o\"df do/' sf] KjfvF , lhpdf /+uLlj/+uL a'z6{ jf sldh, b'a} sfvLdf /ftf] ;KsL, 6fpsfd] f kmG' gf nufOPsf] 6f]kL, gf8Ldf km'Ggf nufOPsf] sG7L, 3fF6Ldf km'Ggf nufOPsf] uGofnf, sDd/df 5f]6f]vfn] wft] L, sDd/df 7\"nf] vfn] k]6Ldf pg]sf] 33+' ? / uxgfx¿ nufPsf xG' 5g\\ . o; gfrnfO{ Jojl:yt / dofl{ bt agfpgsf nflu Ps hgf gfr 6fn] L kd| 'v / Ps hgf ;xfos x'g] ub5{ g\\ . pgLx¿ gfr6f]nL ;b:ox¿sf] /v] b]v ug{] ub{5g\\ . gfr l6dnfO{ b'i6fTdfaf6 arfpgsf nflu sDtLdf Pshgf u'?jfsf] Joj:yf ;dt] ul/Psf] xG' 5 u?' jfn] gfRg] l6dnfO{ dGqn] ;fh]sf] Njfª, hn vfg lbg] ub5{ g\\ . of] gfr klg ;lvofh:t} u/k] l5 sDtLdf tLg ;fn gfRg' kg{] x'G5 t/ ljhf]8 jif{df of] gflrG5 . gfr z¿' ug{'eGbf klxn] u'?jfn] b'i6fTdf tyf b]jL b]jtfnfO{ olt jif{ gfRg] eg]/ jrgj4tf u/]sf] x'G5 . jrgj4tf cg';f/ gfRg g;s]df e\"t lk;fr / b}jL nfUb5 eGg] dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 . %= x'b{jf gfrM Psbd hf]lznf] eP/ sf]nfxnk\"js{ uLt / gT[ osf] tfndf dgf]/~hgfy{ gflrg] Ps ljz]if yf¿ nf]s gT[ onfO{ x'bj{ f gfr elgG5 . o; gfrdf Pshgf gfRg], Ps hgf dfbn] / Pshgf xf:o snfsf/ - ;fª] \\of_ /xg] Joj:yf 5 . o; gfrdf cfnfk] fnf] b'O{ 6fn] L aLr uLt ufOG{ 5 . Ps kIf uLt ;?' jft - p7fg_ ug{] xG' 5 eg] csf]{ kIf p;n] p7fPsf] uLtnfO{ bfx] fG] ofP/ ufpg] ul/G5 . o; gfrdf pk|mL pk|mL gt{sx¿ gfRb5g\\ . o; gfrdf eujfg\\ >L /fdn] /fj0fdfly ljho k|fKt u/]sf] v'l;ofnLdf eJo¿kdf bj] tfsf] ;lrq j0fg{ u/L gfrsf] sd{ ul/G5 . k|foM ;a} yf¿ ;d'bfodf o;sf] nfs] lk|otf eP tfklg ljz]if afFs], albo{ f / s}nfnLdf o;sf] kr| ng 5 . ^= d3f6} f -df3L_ gfrM yf¿x¿sf] ;a}eGbf 7\"nf] rf8 tyf gofF jif{sf] ¿kdf /xs] f] df3] ;+qmflGtdf of] gfr ul/G5 . o; gfr o'jf o'jtLx¿ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ug]{ ub{5g\\ . o; gfrdf Pshgf dfbn] / b'O{ hgf;Dd gfRg] -gt{sL_ /xG5g\\ . o;df s]6f / s6] Lsf] bO' { kIf xG' 5 / uLtsf] bfx] f]/L rNg] ub5{ . d3f6} f gfr a/3l/ofsf] 3/af6 z'¿ eP/ ufpsF f ;a} ls;fgsf] 3/df gflrG5 . gfr]afkt gfr 6f]nLn] k|Tos] 3/af6 rfdn, vfg]s'/f / 10

blIf0ff lng] ub{5g\\ . o; gfrdf ufOg] uLtdf vf; u/L s]6f / s]6L aLrsf] dfof k|Lltsf] ;j+ fb /x]sf] x'G5 . o; gfrdf s]6Lx¿ Ps} 8]«;df /xG5g\\ eg] s6] fx¿ klg e/;s Ps 8]«;df cfpg] ub5{ g\\ kf| oM cfhsn s6] fx¿ 8]«;df geP klg s6] Lx¿ rflxF clgjfo{ ¿kdf 8«];df x'G5g\\ . of] gfr lbp;F f] / ;feF msf] a]nf gflrG5 . Pp6} ufpdF f ljleGg ;d\"x agfO{ of] gfr gflrG5 . a'9fkfsfx¿ ;d]t cfˆgf] ;d\"x agfO{ gfr]/ dgf]/~hg ug{] ub5{ g\\ . &= asf{ gfrM yf¿ ;d'bfodf P]ltxfl;s dxTj /fVg] o; gfrdf dxfef/tsf] syf j:t'nfO{ ;d6] ]/ gflrg] ul/G5 . cGo gfrsf] tn' gfdf o; gfr 6f]nLdf ;ae} Gbf a9L ;b:ox¿ /xg] ub{5g\\ . ;ah} gf k?' if dfq /xg] o; gfr 6f]nLdf ;o eGbf a9L jf ;f] sf] xf/fxf/Ldf gfRg]x¿ /xg] ub{5g\\ . of] gfr w]/} lbg;Dd gflrG5 . To;n} ] klg o;nfO{ jsf{ gfr elgPsf] xf.] of] gfr klg ljzi] f u/L bzs+} f] an] f g} ul/G5 . of] gfr ;a} ufpFdf ;lhn} ug{] lxDdt ul/bF }g . o; gfr ug{sf nflu cfly{s ef/ a9L, tGq dGqsf] k|z:t 1fg, w]/} ;b:o / kl| ta4tfsf] h¿/t kb{5 . ;fy} yf¿ dxfef/t syfsf] 1fg x'g' klg h¿/L xG' 5 . o; gfr ;DkGg ugs{ f nflu k|d'v u'?jf -dV' o_ dGq ug{] JolQm_ / ;xfos u'?jf -;xfos 6'gfdg' f hfGg] JolQm_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xG' 5 . dfbn]x¿ Pshgf cu'jf, Pshgf k5j' f x'gs' f ;fy} cGo w]/} ;xfos dfbn] klg x'G5g\\ . gfRg]x¿ klg k'?if / dlxnfsf] klx/gdf b'O{ yl/sf x'G5g\\ . o; gfrdf dlxnf kIfn] ›fk] bLsf] e\"ldsf lgefpF5g\\ . gfRg] qmddf ;aeGbf j9L hfl] vd klg o;} kIfnfO{ /xs] f] xG' 5 . gfRg] qmddf b'i6fTdfn] ;aeGbf klxn] o;} kIfnfO{ cfqmd0f ub{5 . o; gfr gfRg] qmddf nfdf] 7\"nf] afF;sf] vfaF f] 78\\ofO{ To;dfly nf]xf]6f em'08\\ofOPsf] xG' 5 . of] gfFr yf¿ ;d'bfoaf6 lj:tf/} nf]k x'Fb} uO/xs] f] 5 . o; gfrdf sDtLdf b'O{ a9Ldf rf/ hgf;Dd dfbn] clgjfo{ xG' 5 . o; gfr ;fu;Fu} yf¿ u?' jfx¿n] /fu] efu] / e\"t lkzfrn] u:| t ljdf/Lx¿nfO{ emf/kmfs ug{] / k6] , 6fpsf,] sDd/, d[uL, Hj/f] nufotsf /f]ux¿nfO{ lgsf] kfg]{ ub5{ g\\ . gfr ;fu;fu} pkrf/ u/fpgs] f] klg o;df eL8ef8 /xG5 . bfªsf] gf/fo0fk'/, hNxfj} f ufpdF f dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] o; gfr Psbd nfk] sf] glhs ku' ]sf] 5. klxn] kf| oMh;f] af? a;f]af; ePsf] lhNnfdf o; gfr gflrg] eP klg clxn] Pp6f dfq} ufpdF f ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . plxn] Pshgf yf¿ JolQm h+undf bfp/f ug{ uPsf] a]nf kf08jx¿nfO{ gfrs] f] bv] ]/ kl5 l;sf] ub}{ yf? ufpFdf gflrg] rng rns] f] bfª 3/ ePsf asf{ gfrsf ;+ofh] s rG›ks| fz yf? atfp5F g\\ . kf08jx¿s} gfrsf] l;sf] dflgg] x'gfn] o; gfrdf dV' o kfqsf¿kdf kfFr kf08j, eLd, ch'{g, ›fk] bL, s'?Ifq] nufotnfO{ agfOg] ul/G5 . *= s73f]/L gfrF M 11

yf¿ ;d'bfosf] ljlrq gfrsf] ¿kdf klxrfg sfod u/s] f] o; gfrdf af;F sf] 3f8] fsf] cfsf/ agfO{ To;nfO{ gts{ x¿n] cfˆgf] sfwF df le//] dfbnsf] tfndf gfRg] ub{5g\\ . of] gfr z'¿ uge'{ Gbf klxn] u?' jfx¿ ljleGg yl/sf kh\" fkf7 u/L anL r9fpg] ub5{ g\\ . ;fy} o; gfrdf gfr 6f]nL htf htf hfG5 p;sf] k5fl8 k5fl8 u?' jf clgjfo{ ¿kdf lxF8g\\ ' kg{] xG' 5 . yf¿ hfltdf lgs} kr| lnt cj:yfdf /x]sf] of] gfrsf] pb\\ej ef/tsf] d›f;sf] t+hf}/ lhNnfaf6 ePsf] dflgG5 . of] gfr klg vf; u/L bz}+sf] an] f gflrG5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef ;df/f]x / pT;jdf klg gflrg] ul/G5 . gfr 6f]nLdf b'O{ jf rf/ hgf dfbn] / 5 of cf7sf] ;V+ ofdf gfRg]x¿ xG' 5g\\ . o; gfrdf ;a} dfbn] / gfRgx] ¿ k?' if /x]sf x'G5g\\ . o;df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /xFb}g . xfn of] gfr klg lj:tf/} nfk] xg' ] cj:yflt/ 5 . dxTj kb\\gfxf d]nfsf] Pl] txfl;s dxTjsf] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L s[i0fhGdfi6dL kl/ro ef› ci6dLsf] lbgdf si[ 0f hGdfi6dL -cli6DsL_ dgfpg] ul/G5 . cli6DsL kjs{ f] cl3Nnf] /flt efn] af:ge' Gbf klxn] ld7f] ld7f] kl/sf/ agfP/ b/ vfOG5 . cli6DsL j|t a;s] f] lbg g'xfO wj' fO u/L ef]s} a;L 3/sf] bx] /L jf leQfdf ;]tf] r'gf nufP/ ;kmf;U' 3/ agfOG5 To;kl5 si[ 0f eujfgsf] rl/q lrq0f xg' ] u/L ljleGg lsl;dsf hLj hgfj/, kY[ jL, rG›, ;\"o{ gbL, sdnsf] kmn\" , ?v j[If, dflg;sf] lrq, 8f]nL cflb agfP/ b]x/LnfO{ lrql} rqn] ;hfOG5 . ;fFemsf] lem;ld;] a]nfdf j|tfn'x¿ ;kmf;U' 3/ eO{ gofF klx/gdf ;lhP/ ctjf/L kl/ro c6jf/L si[ 0fhGdfi6dL kl5sf] ef› z'Sn kIfsf] klxnf] cfOtaf/sf] lbg dgfpg] ul/G5 . c6jf/L kj{sf] cl3Nnf] lbg efn] gaf:b} b/ vfO;Sg' kb{5 . of] kj{ ef› z'Sn kIfsf] klxnf] cfOtaf/ dgfOG5 of] kfFr 12

efO kf08jsf dflxnf] efO -e]jf_ n] yf¿ /fhf bu+ Lz/0fsf] /fHonfO{ b:' dgaf6 arfPsf]n] eLdsf] ;Ddfg tyf v;' LofnL kj{sf] ¿kdf dgfOG5 c6jf/L kj{df Pp6f /f6] L Psfkl§af6 dfq ksfOG5 / cGo /f]6Lx¿ klg ksfOG5 . o; kjd{ f ;aeGbf klxnf k\"hf ubf{ ej] f -eLd eujfg_ sf] k\"hf x'G5 To;kl5 vfg'eGbf klxnf Ps 6k/L 5'§} /fvL To;df kmnkm\"n bxL /flvG5 c6jf/Lsf] ef]lnkN6 j|tfn'x¿ g'xfO wj' fO u/L eft t/sf/L ksfpF5g\\ . vfgf vfg'eGbf klxn] 6k/Ldf eft t/sf/L cfˆgf rn] La6] Lx¿sf] gfddf 5'6o\\ fpg] ul/G5 . ToxL 6k/Ldf 5'6o\\ fPsf] vfg]s'/fnfO{ cuf| ;g elgG5 vfglkg ;s]kl5 cu|f;gsf] gfddf 5'6o\\ fPsf] /f]6L, kmnkm\"n, bxL, eft t/sf/L cfˆgf r]nLx¿nfO{ lbg hfg] rng 5 . o;nfO{ cuf| ;g eG5g\\ . bf];f| ] lbg laxfg p7]/ g'xfO{ 3/eGbf aflx/ uf]7df lnkkft] u/L vfgf agfpg] ul/G5 cfˆgf] efusf] vfgf klxnf cfufd] f / kl5 e]jfnfO{ 5'6\\ofO;sk] l5 cfkm\"n] vfg] ub{5g\\ . cl3Nnf] lbg e]jfsf] nflu 5'6\\ofPsf] /f6] L / bf];|f] lbg -kmåf/_ sf] lbgsf] ej] fsf] nflu 5'6\\ofPsf] vfgf h;nfO{ cu|f;g elgG5 pQm cu|f;g cfˆgf lbbL jf alxgLnfO{ lbg hfg] ub{5g\\ . dxTj cgQ/ at| kl/ro cgQ/ kj{ cgGt rt'b{zLsf] lbg dgfpg] ul/G5 cgQ/sf] lbg k'?ifx¿ jt| a:g] ub{5g\\ laxfg g'xfO ufpeF l/sf k?' ifx¿ Ps7fpdF f hDdf eO{ wfuf]sf] cgQ/ efUF g] -Ps lsl;dsf] wfuf] af6\\g] sfo{_ sfd ub5{ g\\ cgQ/sf] wfufd] f !$ cf]6f ufF7f] agfO{ kfv/' fdf afWF g] ub{5g\\ ;fFem gfrufg u/L /dfOnf] ub5{ g\\ laxfg g'xfO cgQ/sf] wfuf]nfO{ ufOs{ f] b'wdf wf]P/ ;s' fO{ !$ jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg] ub{5g\\ csf{]jif{ k'gM k'/fgf] cgQ/ wfuf] / gofF cgQ/ wfuf] kfv'/fdf afFWg] ul/G5 Ps k6s cgQ/ j|t a;k] l5 !$ jif{;Dd clgjfo{ jt| a:g'kb5{ . :yfgLo:t/df k|rlnt d'Vo nfs] uLt / gT[ o != ;hgf of] uLt 3/eGbf aflx/ sfd ug{ hfFbf jf sg' } v';LofnL kj{df klg dgnfO{ cfgGb lbgsf nflu nfdf] :j/ df ufpg] ul/G5 . ljzi] f u/L rt} j}zfvb]lv ebf} dlxgf;Dd ufpg] rng /xs] f] 5 . 13

uLt M h]7 c;f/ sxL dlxgf/]==P vt] LkftLs lbgjf . cl/xf] /rL /rL /L 5t/L lag}xf,] gxL t lkxf lehjf] .. cnxL af;F sf6L wlgof /]====P=== d} sldof l;t}a' cl/xf] /rL /rL 5t/L lag}a' t'lxg s] cf]åi} f' dg} f @= d}gf uLt jg hËndf 3fF; bfp/f sf6g\\ hfFbf jf v/ ags; sf6\\g hfFbf ufpg] ul/G5 . of] klg nfdf] :j/df ufOG5 of] uLtdf d}gf eGg] y]uf] k|of]u xG' 5 uLt M c/L d}gf 55555 af/a/lbo+ fd ;tvnj' f tfn /L dg} f k|sl[ ts] ;G' b/tf nu}7f d}of hfn /L dg} f | c/L dg} f sf7Lk6\\of sgf{ xdf/ ;fdb' flos jGjf/L d}gf oLx 7fpsF ljsf; sgf{ nufO{ tg dg /L d}gf .. c/L d}gf ;lxbgs] gfp+d agn 8u/ rfs] pBfg /L d}gf . ;d[4L cf] ljsf;d gu/s] Wofg /L d}gf #= anfxf sg' f uLt of] uLt ufpFsf o'jfo'jtLx¿ ldn/] ufpsF f] s'g} v'nf 7fpdF f anfxf -lkª_ agfO{ ;lemkv hDdf eP/ vN] bf -anfxf em'Nbf_ ufpg] u5g{ \\ . uLt M sfsf df]/ slxx} /] rf/L cf]/ vlDxof xf] gfO{ . /fd bfbf df/] bl/x+} /] pk/ a/]/jf xf] gfO{ .. srl/s agjd u/tf lx/f]ngf xf], gfO{ . /fd ;a ldnL uf]rg anfxf em\"n hfO{ xf] gfO{ .. lkª af/albo{ f uf}/j | #& -sIff–^_ $= uof ax] gf uLt 14

of] uLt v]tLkftL ug{] ;dodf kfgL kfgs{ f nflu ufpsF f dlxnfx¿n] k?' ifsf] klx/gdf v]tLkftL u/]sf clego u/L ufpg] u5g{ \\ . of] uLt ufPkl5 kfgLsf bj] tf OG› eujfg\\ v';L x'G5g\\ / kfgL a;f{pF5g\\ eGg] hgljZjf; /xs] f] 5 . uLt M lemnldn vl6of /]===== ;t/Ë uf]+b/L xf] nfgL b]j b/L /=] b'n}+rf ax' ldns] a7} xL+ .. gf d} lkod uËf hn klgof /]==== d} lkm/tf 3'd}a' . gf dO{ lkpF d/' f{x'/f{ dv/' f /]== gfxL xf] dO{ lkod .. ;'gf] ;'gf] ujsL ls;gjf /]==== ;'gf/] ] df]/ lagtL xf] . hnlb;] kgLof k7fcf] x//] vt] L s/jL .. %= a}7fj} f uLt of] uLt c;f/, ;fpg dlxgfdf wfg /fk] fOF ubf{ yf¿ dlxnfx¿n] ufpg] u5g{ \\ . of] uLtdf ÚgfO{Ú eGg] y]uf] /x]sf] 5 uLt M t'x lkxf h}7f] /]=== blvg agl] hof xf] gfO{ . /fd df]/nfu gfgL b]xf] l6sn' L ahl/of xf] gfO{ .. dydf/] lehn /]== dysxL+ l6s'nL xf] gfO{ /fd lkxjf lehn k?b]z xf] gfO{ .. ^= cli6DsLs uLt of] si[ 0f hGdfi6dLsf] /fltdf hfu/fd a;]sf] an] fdf ;fdl\" xs ¿kdf ufpg] ul/G5 . o;df ;l[ i6sf] af/]df zAbx¿ l;h{gf ul/Psf xG' 5g\\ . uLt M klxnt l;/Lhn /L hnyn w/tL . bf];/ t l;/Lhn /L s'zsxL bfj .. lt;/t l;/Lhn /L ;axF' lbptf. rf/Lsfg] lbpFtf h] km'njf nun} | 15

rf/Lsf]g lbptF f kmn' jf nu}n . ;axF' lbptf h] lnxn km'n af; .. &= asLd{ f/ asdf/ dxfef/t syf;uF ;Dalwt 5 . of] c6jf/L kjb{ ]lv b;F};Dd ufpg] nf]s uLt xf]. of] uLt ufpbF f dfbn -d'›f_ ahfpg] ul/G5 . o;df kfFr efO kf08j / ;o efO sf}/jsf] lardf ePsf] o'4sf] rl/q lrq0f ul/Psf] xG' 5 uLt M aa] '/L lagf Ps emdsL p/fcf,] lagf al' bs kfp t'df/L, wgklt 3g /] ;'ugsxL 7f}/, lx/bfaO; df]tL b]p/] ax'/, dudf]tL z/0f lnxa'+ t'xf/ gfpF bl] v w/d bj] L aGwg af . /fhf lh/hf]wg sx ha nfu, ;s'g dfdf hf]/f] /] pkfo, -sf}g ljlw df/L k~rf] efO_ /fhf b'/lb:6n w/d;] rnf,] kfrF f] kf08f] /fhf cft} f/ .. sf}/j Ox bg' ' efO{ b'x'F ;Fu d';]nt efO{ - d}+ s}; e}g hf?] pkfo _ /fhf b/' lb:tn w/d;] rnf] kfrF f] efO{ kf08f] /fhf cft} f/ . -kfg eft ;s'gL xdf/L h] vfcf,] kf08fs] a]/ ;u' f d/L hfO_{ /fhf b'/lb:tn w/d;] rn kfrF f] kf08f] /fhf cft} f/ .. ;lvof uLt of] uLt cli6DsLsf] uLtdf ;lv/ y]uf] hf8] ]/ ufOg] uLt xf] b;dF} f cljjflxt yf¿ oj' tLx¿ ufpFsf] a83/ jf dxtfafsf] cfFugdf ;fd\"lxs ¿kdf gfRbf ufpg] u5{g\\ . k'?ifx¿ dfbn ahfpg] / oj' tLx¿ xftdf dlh/f -d'h'/f_ lnP/ gfRbf of] uLt ufOG5 . uLt M sfh] hf;' t} a}7L la;}7o\\ f ;lv/==== df/] nfu hf;' etsL etf}/f l/emf .. 16

t/ w/n cu'gL pk/ w/n sy'gL / . ;lv/ hf;s' cfuL a/n udfud .. (= sgf}6L uLt of] uLt gfrufg ubf{ ufpg] nf]suLt xf] . o; uLtdf /fhf ua' fa{ fsf] a]6L w/d 3]o/L tyf b]jL bj] tfx¿sf] af/]df j0fg{ ul/Psf] x'G5 . uLt M xfx+ f/ /fhf t u'? afas a6] L w/d lwo/Lof x/f lk/tL b]vgf lwP/L /] rnL cfo .. xfx+ l/ 9fn t efh] } ejfgL, ef]h} zL/dfy . x/] . cla/ /ªusxL n]a} ;ktf l;u+ f/ .. !)= hNdf}6L uLt of] uLt gfrufg ubf{ ufpg] uLt xf] . o;df ;[li6sf] af/d] f aofg ul/Psf] 5 . uLt M xfxf/] klxn t a/;] 9'09L /] s'lx/ . ca b}of rfl} b; lk/7L 90' 8L /] s'lx/ | xfFxf/] bf];/ t a/;] ufa] /fs] /]v ca bo} f snh'u 3]/n ld/tL ejg .. sd' |f uLt !!= of] yf¿ ;dfhdf nfs] lko| gfr gr'jf uLt xf] . of] uLtsf] y]uf] cl/ x]=== eGg] /x]sf] 5 . af/albo{ f uf}/j -sIff–^_ | #( uLt M cl/ x}. k?' if k/n d]rL cf] sf]zL kl5 dxfsfnL . bz] ljsf; s/s nfu ls hfuf] xf] ufr] fnL .. 17

cl/ x.} pQ/ lxdfn kjt{ jf 8fkmÞ xf] d'gfn grgf . blvgd ;G' b/ km}6jf wfgs afn sn' gf .. !@= dfFu/ of] yf¿ hfltx¿sf] ljjfxsf] a]nfdf ufpg] uLt xf.] o;nfO{ ef]hxf uLt klg elgG5 . uLt M b]j b]j do/ df]/ ls dy l;/ kluof dO{ rnL h}a ls wgL / laofx .. bj] bj] do/ df/] ls cu sxL c+luof dO{ rnL ha} ' ls wgL / ljofx .. dy l;/ kluof xf] do/L wl' dn xf]O{ u}n . wf]aLof ;] do/L ls nfgf] /L w'jfO{ .. !#= d3ft} f 5fq] mf uLt yf¿ hfltx¿sf] ;a}eGbf dxfg kj{ df3Ldf gfrufg ubf{ ufOg] uLtnfO{ d3ft} f 5fq] mf uLt elgG5 . uLt M df3 nx}nL 9fu] e6] s/nL /] xf . k\"/vf h] lbxn cflzif h] xdf/ ;lvo xf] . dxtfs] f] cugf rd]nL km'nf ?vjf /] xf dxtf] h] lnxxL rd]nL km'nf af; ;lvo xf] .. ;G] b'/f 5tn kflg 3ft ;lvo xf] . ;fnL tl' xg nx] gf sns s/d sl;g jf . du/fuf8L ufpF aGjf x'O{gf 7fpF, afasL ;u/jfdf d'l/of nxfg u}nL xf . kjT{ jd hg} f sns 8u/f sl;g af, 8g} f k:gf g} xf] ;fnL s};] p/L hfpF . !$= 3d' ? 18

of] klg df3L kj{df ufOg] uLt xf]. ufpFsf ls;fgx¿ a83/, dxtfjf cyjf sg' } 3/sf] cfFugdf cfuf]sf] wg' L afn]/ p;sf] jl/kl/ a;]/ dfbn ahfpFb} hfu/fd a;]/ ufpg] u5{g\\ . uLt M 3'd? wd' ? s] af;] a;'lnof . gfu ;/:jtL ofb u'? .. hfl] uof ei] f wf/L /fjg cfj} l;tf lh s] s'ltofd lel5ofg dfu] . !%= pkms uLt -wdf/_ Okms uLt sflQs dlª;\\ / dlxgfb]lv kmfug' ;Dd ufOg] ul/G5. o; uLtnfO{ wdf/ tyf clgof uLt klg elgG5. o; uLtnfO{ 8km / dfbnsf] tfndf ufOG5 . uLt dgd+] ;f]r+' s/d nfu] cfu s]lx /] nufpF abgfd] xf] . b'Mv sxL bfxn d}g' d} x/] . nx} ]/d ef}hL l/;fgL xf] .. efh} L ljrf/L df/] sfg} ] s/] b]of . s/d]d nfun cfuL xf] .. dgd] ;f]r== cfu. sl] x /=] abgfd] xf] . wdsL 3df;n d}g' lj/5L t/ la/5L eOn kts' f/ xf] | la/5L larf/f df/] sf}g] s/] b]of s/dd] nfun cfuL xf] .. cfˆg} efiff, ;+:sl[ t, rfnrng, rf8jf8, wd{ / ;:+ sf/ ePsf] yf¿ hflt g]kfnsf] e\"ldk'qsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . cflbdsfnbl] v a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf xg' fn] of] hftLnfO{ cflbjf;Lsf] ;1+ f lbOPsf] xf] . k'vf{ hfltsf] ¿kdf lrlgg] of] hfltsf] cfˆg} ljzi] f lsl;dsf] dfl} nstf / klxrfg /x]sf] 5 . 19

efiff ;:+ sl[ tsf wgL of] hftL k/Dk/fut¿kdf k/fk\"j{sfnb]lv cfˆg} ;dfh / kl/jz] df /dfpg] tyf dgf/] ~hg ug{] ub{5 . lzsf/ ug,]{ gfrufg ug{] tyf v]tLkftLdf ljz]if u/L cfj4 oL hfltsf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] cfˆg} cl:tTj tyf df}lnstf /x]sf] 5 . dtjfnL hfltsf] ¿kdf ;dt] kl/lrt of] hflt cfˆg} 3/df agfO{ kl/sf/ vfg] / kfxg' f ;Tsf/df /dfpg] ub{5 . dgf]/~hgsf nflu ljzi] f lsl;dn] cfˆg} ufp3F / ;dfhdf gfrsf]/ ug{] / dgf]/~hg lng] k|rng 5 . gk] fndf a;fa] f; ug]{ sl/a Ps ;o t]O; hfthfltdWo] efiff, ;:+ sl[ tsf] wgL dflgg] yf¿ hfltsf] dgf/] ~hgsf ;fwg tyf ;+:sl[ tsf] af/] df ;fdfGo rrf{ oxfF ul/Psf] 5 . != emd' |f gfrM emd' f| gfr yf¿ hfltdf kr| lnt Ps nfs] gT[ o xf] . of] gfFr vf;u/L bz+} ltxf/sf] a]nf gflrG5 . t/ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef ;df/f]x / ljz]if sfo{qmddf o;sf] k|of]u hlta]nf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; gfrdf Pshgf dfbn,] bO' {hgf gfRg] dlxnf / Pshgf gSsnstf{ -hfs] /_ /x]sf] xG' 5 . of] gfr vf;u/L s} nfnL, s~rgk'/, alb{of / b]pv'/Ldf a9L k|rngdf 5 . of] gfrnfO{ :yfgsf] leGgtf cg;' f/ e'd/L, em'd/f, emd' /, 3'd/ / wd' /f cflbn] lrlgG5 . of] gfrdf b'O{ tkm{af6 cfnfk] fnf] u/L uLt klg ufOG5 . dlxnf dlxnfsf] aLrdf / k?' if k'?ifsf] aLrdf klg of] gf+r gflrg] k|rng 5 . dfbn], gfRg]dlxnf / hfs] /sf] k|d'v e\"ldsf /xG5 . @= ;lvof gfrM vf;u/L klZrdf yf¿x¿df ;aeGbf j9L kr| ngdf /x]sf] gfr xf], Ú;lvofÚ . of] gfr bz}+ / ltxf/df dfq} gflrP tfklg cfjZos k/s] f] a]nf ;ef ;df/f]x / pT;jdf dgf]/~hgsf] nflu gflrG5 . of] gfrsf] yfngL s[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbgbl] v xG' 5 . of] gfrdf k0\" f{tof si[ 0f nLnf ;DaGwL uLt ufOg] ul/G5 . s]6f / s]6L b'j} ldnL ul/g] o; gfrdf b'i6fTdfsf] eljtJoaf6 arfpgsf] nflu Pshgf u?' jfsf] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] xG' 5 . uLt l;sfpg] Pshgf d'Vo u?' -h;nfO{ yf? efiffdf Údfl] xGofÚ elgG5_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xG' 5 . u?' n] p7fPsf] uLtnfO{ csf]{ k+lQmdf l;sfpg] Ps hgf Úk5ufl] xofÚ cyf{t\\ ;xfos u?' sf] Joj:yf klg ul/Psf] xG' 5 . dfbn ahfpg] dWo] PshgfnfO{ …cuj' f dbl/ofÚ -cuj' f dfbn_] / Pshgf Úk5'jf dbl/ofÚ -k5fl8sf] dfbn]_ sf] Joj:yf ;dt] ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] gfrsf] cEof; vf;u/L ;fFemsf] a]nf vfgf vfO;sk] l5 ul/G5 . z¿' sf] lbg km;L{sf] kft xftdf lnP/ gflrG5 eg] bf>] f] lbgb]lv sl/a Ps xKtfb]lv kG„lbg;Dd ;gkf6sf] km'sf{ agfO{ gflrG5 . To;kl5 ;fgf vfn] dlGh/f -efn_ ahfpFb} gflrG5 . o; gfrdf si[ 0f nLnfsf] uLt ufOG5 eg] dgf]/~hgsf] nflu k}+of -k}wf/_ cg';f/ gfRg] ul/G5 . of] gfr Ps ;fn gfrk] l5 sDtLdf tLg÷kfFr;fn;Dd nuftf/ gfRg' kg{] x'G5 . #= n¶xjf gfrM b'a} xftdf Ps jf b'O{6f n¶L lnP/ dfbnsf] tfndf gflrg] gfrnfO{ n¶xjf gfr elgG5 . gfr yf¿ ;db' fosf] Psbd k|rlnt gfr xf] . b'O{ jf rf/hgf dfbn] tyf hf8] fbf/ ;V+ ofdf gfRg]x¿ /xg] ub5{ g\\ 20

. klxn] klxn] s6] fx¿ dfq gfRb} cfPsf] o; gfr cfhef]ln cljjflxt s]6Lx¿ klg gfRg yfn]sf 5g\\ . o; gfrdf uLt x'Fbg} , dfq dfbnsf] tfndf xftdf n¶L lnP/ cfsif{s 9u+ n] gflrG5 . of] gfr klg bzs}+ f] a]nf gfRg] ul/P tfklg ljzi] f pT;j ;df/f]x cl3kl5 klg gflrG5 . o; gfrsf nflu gfr d08nLsf] Ps hgf cuj' f / Ps hgf k5'jf /xg] ub{5g\\ . ;fy} gfr 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ g/fdf| ] x'gaf6 hfu] fpgsf nflu Pshgf u?' jf -dGq hfGg] JolQm_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] gfr klg ;lvof h:t} z'¿ u/k] l5 sDtLdf klg tLg ;fn gfRgk' g]{ xG' 5 . $= d'Ë|xjf gfrM bz+} cfpg' eGbf sl/a Ps dlxgf cl3bl] v cEof; ub}{ gflrg] gfr / xftdf sf7sf] d'Ëf| -n¶L_ lnP/ gflrg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ dË' x| jf gfr elgPsf] xf] . o; gfrdf b'O{ b]lv dfly hf8] f ;V+ ofdf dfbn]x¿ /xg] ub{5g\\ . To:t} xftdf d'Ë|f lnO{ gfRg]x¿ klg hf]8f ;V+ ofdf b'O{ eGbf dfly /xg] ub5{ g\\ . dfbn] / gfRg]x¿sf] clwstd\\ ;V+ of tfl] sPsf] xF'b}g . t/ hf]8f ;V+ ofdf xg' ' h?/L x'G5 . dfbn] / gfRg]x¿ lk7\\o\"df do/' sf] KjfFv, lhpdf /+uLlj/u+ L a'z6{ jf sldh, b'a} sfvLdf /ftf] ;KsL, 6fpsfd] f km'Ggf nufOPsf] 6f]kL, gf8Ldf km'Ggf nufOPsf] sG7L, 3fF6Ldf km'Ggf nufOPsf] uGofnf, sDd/df 5f]6f]vfn] wft] L, sDd/df 7n\" f] vfn] k]6Ldf pg]sf] 33+' ? / uxgfx¿ nufPsf xG' 5g\\ . o; gfrnfO{ Jojl:yt / dof{lbt agfpgsf nflu Ps hgf gfr 6fn] L k|dv' / Ps hgf ;xfos x'g] ub5{ g\\ . pgLx¿ gfr6fn] L ;b:ox¿sf] /v] b]v ug{] ub{5g\\ . gfr l6dnfO{ b'i6fTdfaf6 arfpgsf nflu sDtLdf Pshgf u'?jfsf] Joj:yf ;dt] ul/Psf] xG' 5 u'?jfn] gfRg] l6dnfO{ dGqn] ;fhs] f] Njfª, hn vfg lbg] ub{5g\\ . of] gfr klg ;lvofh:t} u/k] l5 sDtLdf tLg ;fn gfRg' kg]{ x'G5 t/ ljhf]8 jif{df of] gflrG5 . gfr z'¿ ug'{eGbf klxn] u'?jfn] b'i6fTdf tyf b]jL bj] tfnfO{ olt jif{ gfRg] eg]/ jrgj4tf u/s] f] x'G5 . jrgj4tf cg';f/ gfRg g;sd] f et\" lk;fr / bj} L nfUb5 eGg] dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 . %= x'b{jf gfrM Psbd hfl] znf] eP/ sfn] fxnkj\" {s uLt / gT[ osf] tfndf dgf]/~hgfy{ gflrg] Ps ljz]if yf¿ nf]s g[TonfO{ x'b{jf gfr elgG5 . o; gfrdf Pshgf gfRg], Ps hgf dfbn] / Pshgf xf:o snfsf/ - ;fª] \\of_ /xg] Joj:yf 5 . o; gfrdf cfnfk] fnf] b'O{ 6fn] L aLr uLt ufOG{ 5 . Ps kIf uLt ;?' jft - p7fg_ ug{] x'G5 eg] csf{] kIf p;n] p7fPsf] uLtnfO{ bfx] fG] ofP/ ufpg] ul/G5 . o; gfrdf pk|mL pk|mL gts{ x¿ gfRb5g\\ . o; gfrdf eujfg\\ >L /fdn] /fj0fdfly ljho k|fKt u/]sf] vl' ;ofnLdf eJo¿kdf b]jtfsf] ;lrq j0f{g u/L gfrsf] sd{ ul/G5 . kf| oM ;a} yf¿ ;d'bfodf o;sf] nf]slk|otf eP tfklg ljzi] f afsF ,] albo{ f / s}nfnLdf o;sf] kr| ng 5 . ^= d3f6} f -df3L_ gfrM yf¿x¿sf] ;ae} Gbf 7\"nf] rf8 tyf gofF jif{sf] ¿kdf /xs] f] df3] ;+qmflGtdf of] gfr ul/G5 . o; gfr oj' f oj' tLx¿ ;+oQ' m ¿kdf ug{] ub5{ g\\ . o; gfrdf Pshgf dfbn] / bO' { hgf;Dd gfRg] -gt{sL_ /xG5g\\ 21

. o;df s6] f / s]6Lsf] bO' { kIf x'G5 / uLtsf] bf]xf]/L rNg] ub{5 . d3f}6f gfr a/3l/ofsf] 3/af6 z'¿ eP/ ufpsF f ;a} ls;fgsf] 3/df gflrG5 . gfra] fkt gfr 6f]nLn] k|To]s 3/af6 rfdn, vfg]s'/f / blIf0ff lng] ub{5g\\ . o; gfrdf ufOg] uLtdf vf; u/L s]6f / s]6L aLrsf] dfof kL| ltsf] ;j+ fb /x]sf] xG' 5 . o; gfrdf s6] Lx¿ Ps} 8«];df /xG5g\\ eg] s6] fx¿ klg e/;s Ps 8]«;df cfpg] ub{5g\\ kf| oM cfhsn s6] fx¿ 8]«;df geP klg s6] Lx¿ rflxF clgjfo{ ¿kdf 8]«;df x'G5g\\ . of] gfr lbpF;f] / ;fFemsf] an] f gflrG5 . Pp6} ufpdF f ljleGg ;d\"x agfO{ of] gfr gflrG5 . a9' fkfsfx¿ ;d]t cfˆgf] ;d\"x agfO{ gfr]/ dgf/] ~hg ug{] ub{5g\\ . &= asf{ gfrM yf¿ ;d'bfodf P]ltxfl;s dxTj /fVg] o; gfrdf dxfef/tsf] syf j:t'nfO{ ;d]6]/ gflrg] ul/G5 . cGo gfrsf] tn' gfdf o; gfr 6f]nLdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ /xg] ub5{ g\\ . ;a}hgf k?' if dfq /xg] o; gfr 6f]nLdf ;o eGbf a9L jf ;f] sf] xf/fxf/Ldf gfRg]x¿ /xg] ub5{ g\\ . of] gfr w]/} lbg;Dd gflrG5 . To;}n] klg o;nfO{ jsf{ gfr elgPsf] xf.] of] gfr klg ljz]if u/L bzs}+ f] a]nf g} ul/G5 . of] gfr ;a} ufpdF f ;lhn} ug]{ lxDdt ul/bF }g . o; gfr ug{sf nflu cflys{ ef/ a9L, tGq dGqsf] kz| :t 1fg, w]/} ;b:o / kl| ta4tfsf] h¿/t kb5{ . ;fy} yf¿ dxfef/t syfsf] 1fg x'g' klg h¿/L x'G5 . o; gfr ;DkGg ug{sf nflu kd| 'v u'?jf -d'Vo_ dGq ug]{ JolQm_ / ;xfos u'?jf -;xfos 6g' fdg' f hfGg] JolQm_ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xG' 5 . dfbn]x¿ Pshgf cu'jf, Pshgf k5j' f xg' 'sf ;fy} cGo w/] } ;xfos dfbn] klg x'G5g\\ . gfRg]x¿ klg k?' if / dlxnfsf] klx/gdf b'O{ yl/sf x'G5g\\ . o; gfrdf dlxnf kIfn] ›fk] bLsf] e\"ldsf lgefpF5g\\ . gfRg] qmddf ;aeGbf j9L hf]lvd klg o;} kIfnfO{ /xs] f] x'G5 . gfRg] qmddf bi' 6fTdfn] ;aeGbf klxn] o;} kIfnfO{ cfqmd0f ub5{ . o; gfr gfRg] qmddf nfdf] 7\"nf] af;F sf] vfFaf] 78o\\ fO{ To;dfly nf]xf6] f em'08\\ofOPsf] xG' 5 . of] gfFr yf¿ ;d'bfoaf6 lj:tf/} nf]k x'Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . o; gfrdf sDtLdf b'O{ a9Ldf rf/ hgf;Dd dfbn] clgjfo{ xG' 5 . o; gfr ;fu;Fu} yf¿ u'?jfx¿n] /fu] efu] / e\"t lkzfrn] u:| t ljdf/Lx¿nfO{ emf/kmfs ug{] / k]6, 6fpsf], sDd/, du[ L, Hj/f] nufotsf /fu] x¿nfO{ lgsf] kfg]{ ub5{ g\\ . gfr ;fu;fu} pkrf/ u/fpg]sf] klg o;df eL8ef8 /xG5 . bfªsf] gf/fo0fk'/, hNxf}jf ufpdF f dfq ;Lldt /xs] f] o; gfr Psbd nfk] sf] glhs ku' ]sf] 5. klxn] kf| oMh;f] af? a;fa] f; ePsf] lhNnfdf o; gfr gflrg] eP klg clxn] Pp6f dfq} ufpdF f ;Lldt x'g ku' s] f] 5 . plxn] Pshgf yf¿ JolQm h+undf bfp/f ug{ uPsf] a]nf kf08jx¿nfO{ gfrs] f] b]v/] kl5 l;sf] ub}{ yf? ufpFdf gflrg] rng rn]sf] bfª 3/ ePsf asf{ gfrsf ;+of]hs rG›ks| fz yf? atfpF5g\\ . kf08jx¿s} gfrsf] l;sf] dflgg] x'gfn] o; gfrdf dV' o kfqsf¿kdf kfrF kf08j, eLd, ch{g' , ›f]kbL, s'?Ifq] nufotnfO{ agfOg] ul/G5 . *= s73f]/L gfFrM 22

yf¿ ;db' fosf] ljlrq gfrsf] ¿kdf klxrfg sfod u/s] f] o; gfrdf af;F sf] 3f8] fsf] cfsf/ agfO{ To;nfO{ gts{ x¿n] cfˆgf] sfwF df le//] dfbnsf] tfndf gfRg] ub{5g\\ . of] gfr z¿' ug'e{ Gbf klxn] u?' jfx¿ ljleGg yl/sf k\"hfkf7 u/L anL r9fpg] ub5{ g\\ . ;fy} o; gfrdf gfr 6f]nL htf htf hfG5 p;sf] k5fl8 k5fl8 u?' jf clgjfo{ ¿kdf lxF8g\\ ' kg{] xG' 5 . yf¿ hfltdf lgs} kr| lnt cj:yfdf /x]sf] of] gfrsf] pb\\ej ef/tsf] d›f;sf] t+hf}/ lhNnfaf6 ePsf] dflgG5 . of] gfr klg vf; u/L bz}s+ f] an] f gflrG5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef ;df/f]x / pT;jdf klg gflrg] ul/G5 . gfr 6f]nLdf bO' { jf rf/ hgf dfbn] / 5 of cf7sf] ;V+ ofdf gfRg]x¿ x'G5g\\ . o; gfrdf ;a} dfbn] / gfRg]x¿ k?' if /x]sf xG' 5g\\ . o;df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /xFbg} . xfn of] gfr klg lj:tf/} nf]k x'g] cj:yflt/ 5 . :yfgLo k|tlnt s'g} bO' { nfs] afhf != dfbn -dGb/f_ yf¿ hfltx¿sf] kd| v' afhf dGb/f - dfbn_ xf] . h;nfO{ kf| oM l8x/' f/ b]ptfsf] yfg ePsf] sf7] fdf em'G8fP/ /flvG5 sf7, 5fnf, 5fnfsf] 8f/] L / b'j}kl§sf] efu v/L nufP/ agfPsf] x'G5 . @= al;of -afF;'/L_ 3/eGbf aflx/ sfdsfh ug{ hfbF f, ;hgf dg} f uLt ufpFbf, uLt;uF w'g ;dfof]hg ugs{ f nflu al;of -af;F '/L_ ahfpg] ul/G5 . af;F sf] dl;gf 9f]uL| df 7fpF 7fpdF f dl;gf] Kjfn kf/L xO' uL| sf] Psfkl§ cln 7'nf] Kjfn agfO{ sf7sf] lasf{] nufP/ agfOG5 of] afhf cf7] n] kms' ]/ ahfpg] ul/G5 . #= dlh/f sf;F wftn' ] ags] f] xG' 5 . h;df km'Ggf ePsf] 8f/] L nufPsf] x'G5 o;nfO{ Ps cfkf;df 7fS] sfP/ ahfOG5 $= s:tf/ sf7, kmnfdsf] dl;gf] /8 / kftnf] j[Qfsf/ dl;gf] kftfn] ags] f] xG' 5 xftsf] cfn+} fdf /fvL Ps cfk;df 7fS] sfP/ / xNnfP/ ahfpg] ul/G5 . 23

%= r6\\vfn} L of] sf7nfO{ tf5L kGy' cfsf/sf] agfO{ / b'O{cf6] f p;sf] kftnf] efudf Kjfn hf8] ]/ agfOG5 . ^= lkË|L of] ;–;fgf s6] fs6] Låf/f cfksf] vf]ofa] f6, df6fa] f6, wfgsf] 8fF7 cflbaf6 agfOG5 lkË|L ahfP/ dgf/] ~hg lng] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . of] cf]7n] km's/] ahfOG5 gu/kflnsfleqsf] ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] dxTj gu/kflnsfleqsf] ;f+ :sl[ ts cj:yfsf] dxTj efiff ;:+ s[ltsf wgL dflgg] yf¿ hfltsf] oL ;:+ sf/x¿ lj:tf/} nf]ksf] af6f]df nDss] f] b]lvG5 . kv' fx{ ¿n] rnfpFb} cfPsf] rng / k/Dk/fnfO{ cfhsf oj' f k':tfn] vf;} Wofg glbFbf yf¿ ;+:s[lt ;s+ 6df k/]sf] xf] . k9] nv] s] f lzlIft o'jfx¿ cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltsf] hug] f{ ug'{ eGbf klg klZrdf ;+:s[ltnfO{ a9L c+ufn]sfn] yf¿sf] ;+:s[lt ;+s6df k/]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . cfˆgf] klxrfg, cl:tTj / clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf hu]gf{ ug'{ k'vf{sf] dfq x}g o'jf k:' tsf] klg bfloTj / stJ{ o xf] . cfhsf oj' f ju{ o;kl| t ;r]t geP yf?sf] klxrfg ;s+ 6df kg]{ lglZrt 5 gu/kflnsfleqsf] wflds{ cj:yfsf] dxTj gu/kflnsfleqsf] hfltut cj:yfsf] dxTj xfd|f gu/leqsf wflds{ :ynsf] ;l+ IfKt kl/ro 24

25