Cell Transport by Valentina Mercado

LEC L TRANSPTRO VALENTINA MERCADO

Contents 1. Passive transport 3-7 1.2 Simple Diffusion 3 1.3 Osmosis 4-5 1.4 Facilitated Diffusion 6 - 7 2. Active transport 8-9 2.1 Sodium/Potassium Pump 8 2.2 Exocytosis 9 2.3 Endocytosis 9 2

Passive Transport Simple Diffusion Cell transport is what regulates what goes in and out of a cell, there are two types of cell transport: passive and active transport. One of the types of passive transport is simple diffusion, which is a process in which molecules can pass through the membrane without any help. High concentration In simple diffusion, the molecules pass from a high Phospholipid bilayer concentration to a low concentration passing through Low concentration the phospholipid bilayer and Inside of the cell into the inside of the cell. With all of this, the purpose is Equilibrium to achieve a balance between the molecules that are inside Phospholipid bilayer and outside of the cell. This is Inside of the cell called Equilibrium. 3

Passive Transport Osmosis Cell transport is what regulates what goes in and out of a cell, there are two types of cell transport: passive and active transport. Another type of passive transport is Osmosis, which is the diffusion of water. There are three types of Osmosis: Hypertonic, Hypotonic, and Isotonic. NaCl NaCl NaCl Hypertonic NaCl A hypertonic environment is H2O when the water inside of the NaCl cell is mostly normal, while on the outside is mostly salty. In H2O this environment, the cell shrinks. H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O NaCl Sodium chloride molecule NaCl H2O H2O H2O NaCl H2O H2O Cell wall NaCl H2O H2O NaCl Water molecule H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O NaCl H2O H2O NaCI NaCl NaCl H2O H2O H2O NaCl Sodium chloride molecule H2O Hypotonic H2O H2O H2O A hypotonic environment is the opposite of a hypertonic NaCl NaCl NaCl H2O H2O environment, meaning that in a H2O hypotonic environment the water H2O H2O NaCl Cell wall inside the cell is mostly salty, and on the outside is mostly normal. In NaCl NaCl H2O Water molecule this environment, the cell brusts. NaCl NaCl H2O H2O NaCl NaCl H2O H2O NaCl H2O NaCl H2O H2O NaCl H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O 4

Passive Transport Osmosis Cell transport is what regulates what goes in and out of a cell, there are two types of cell transport: passive and active transport. Another type of passive transport is Osmosis, which is the diffusion of water. There are three types of Osmosis: Hypertonic, Hypotonic, and Isotonic. NaCl H2O NaCl NaCl NaCl H2O NaCl H2O H2O NaHC2IO 2 Isotonic NaCl NaCl An Isotonic environment NaCl Cell wall is when the water stays H2O NaCl the same on the inside H2O NaCI H2O and outside of the cell. NaCl NaCl Sodium chloride molecule HO H2O NaCl NaCl H2O H2O Water molecule H2O H2O NaCl 5

Passive Transport Facilitated Diffusion Cell transport is what regulates what goes in and out of a cell, there are two types of cell transport: passive and active transport. The last type of passive transport is Facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is when molecules move through the membrane using the help of transport proteins. Protein channel Carrier protein There are two types of transport proteins: Carrier Proteins, and Protein channels. Phospholipid bilayer Inside of the cell Carrier protein Carrier Proteins: A carrier protein is a type of transport protein that changes its shape in order to let a molecule pass through. 6

Passive Transport Facilitated Diffusion Cell transport is what regulates what goes in and out of a cell, there are two types of cell transport: passive and active transport. The last type of passive transport is Facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is when molecules move through the membrane using the help of transport proteins. Protein channel Protein Channel: A protein channel is a type of transport protein that is shaped like a type of tunnel that allows molecules to enter or exit the cell. 7

Active Transport Sodium/Potassium Pump Cell transport is what regulates what goes in and out of a cell, there are two types of cell transport: passive and active transport. A Sodium/Potassium Pump is a type of active transport, meaning it needs energy (ATP) to be performed. The Sodium/Potassium Pump is basically a protein that pumps sodium ions out of the cell for every potassium ion that is moved into the cell. The process kind of works like this: K Potassium Molecule 1 K Potassium Molecule 2 KK Sodium Potassium Pump K Sodium Potassium Pump Phospholipid bilayer Na Phospholipid bilayer Na Na Na Na Inside of the cell Inside of the cell Na Sodium Molecule Sodium Molecule Sodium Molecule Sodium Molecule Na Na 3 4 Na Sodium Potassium Pump Na Na Na Sodium Potassium Pump KK K Phospholipid bilayer Phospholipid bilayer Inside of the cell K Inside of the cell Potassium Molecule K 8 Potassium Molecule

Active Transport Endocytosis & Exocytosis Cell transport is what regulates what goes in and out of a cell, there are two types of cell transport: passive and active transport. Endocytosis and Exocytosis are types of active transport. 1 Endocytosis: Endocytosis is the process when a molecule is too big to enter the cell, so the molecule is engulfed by the cell membrane in order for it to enter. 2 Exocytosis: Exocytosis is when the cell forms a vesicle around unwanted particles and pushes them out of the cell. 9