Preserving Primacy spending to counter capabilities that debt at an unprecedented rate. To be Washington may never end up acquiring. sure, there is room for greater efficiency The Pentagon is enjoying some modest in how the U.S. government allocates success in this area in the form of the air its defense dollars, but its financial woes force’s Rapid Capabilities Office, which have little to do with military expendi allows the air force to bypass the dysfunc tures; the main culprits are the govern tional acquisition system in order to ment’s rapidly increasing debt and the procure new equipment and upgrade old expanding costs of entitlement programs. equipment more quickly. The navy has Simply put, the United States is fast followed suit, creating the Maritime approaching the time when its debt can no Accelerated Capabilities Office this year. longer be deferred to future generations. The long-term solution, however, is to fundamentally reform the system itself. Thus, it is on the domestic front where the tough choices will have to TOUGH CHOICES be made in order to defend the nation’s security and economic well-being. As During the last eight years, as a result President Dwight Eisenhower once of the Obama administration’s ineffec warned, “Our system must remain tive strategy, the United States has seen solvent, as we attempt a solution of its influence decline and the threats to this great problem of security. Else we its interests grow. As Henry Kissinger have lost the battle from within that we observed last year, “The United States are trying to win from without.”∂ has not faced a more diverse and complex array of crises since the end of the Second World War.” Given that the current challenges are both greater in scale than and dif ferent in form from those the United States encountered only a short time ago, increasing the resources devoted to national security is necessary but not sufficient. More of the same will not do. The United States must develop new military advantages, and do so faster than its rivals. None of this will be easy. During the Cold War, the United States allocated an average of over six percent of gdp to defense in order to create the shield behind which its prosperity grew to unprecedented heights. Yet despite sizable cuts in military spending, the country’s financial standing has eroded substan tially since the Great Recession, with the federal government accumulating September/October 2016 35
Return to Table of Contents TOMORROW’S MILITARY Ending mood. The mere avoidance of war no Endless War longer sufficed. Describing an inter national order “shaped by the victory A Pragmatic Military of the United States” over communism Strategy and in the just-concluded war against Iraq, the document identified oppor Andrew J. Bacevich tunities to “shape the future security environm ent in ways favorable to [the During the Cold War, the United United States].” States preferred to husband, rather than expend, its military Shaping the future—here was an power. The idea was not to fight but to enterprise worthy of a superpower defend, deter, and contain, a cold peace charged with fulfilling history’s purpose. infinitely preferable to nuclear cataclysm. Lending such expectations a semblance When U.S. policymakers strayed from of plausibility was an exalted appre this principle, attempting to unify the ciation of American military might. Korean Peninsula in 1950 or deploying By the early 1990s, concepts such as combat troops to Vietnam in the 1960s, “defend and deter” seemed faint-hearted, the results proved unhappy in the extreme. if not altogether cowardly. One army field manual from that era credited U.S. Husbanding did not imply timidity. forces with the ability to achieve “quick, To impart credibility to its strategy of decisive victory on and off the battle containment, the United States stationed field anywhere in the world and under substantial forces in Western Europe and virtually any conditions.” Once considered Northeast Asia. For allies unable to defend a blunt instrument, force was now to themselves, U.S. garrisons offered reas serve as an all-purpose chisel. surance, fostering an environment that facilitated recovery and development. Rarely has a benign-sounding Over time, regions deemed vulnerable proposition yielded greater mischief. stabilized and prospered. Pursuant to the imperative of shaping the future, military activism became the Beginning in the 1990s, however, order of the day. Rather than adhere to official thinking regarding the utility a principled strategy, successive admin of force changed radically. The draft istrations succumbed to opportunism, “Defense Planning Guidance” prepared in cultivating a to-do list of problems that 1991 under the aegis of Paul Wolfowitz, the United States was called on to solve. then U.S. undersecretary of defense More often than not, the preferred for policy, hinted at the emerging solution involved the threat or actual use of force. ANDREW J. BACEVICH is Professor Emeritus of History and International Relations at Boston Putting the chisel to work gave rise to University and the author of America’s War for a pattern of promiscuous intervention. the Greater Middle East: A Military History. After 9/11, confidence in the efficacy of American military might reached its apotheosis. With his “freedom agenda” providing ideological camouflage, President George W. Bush embraced 36 f o r e i g n a f fa i r s
Ending Endless War preventive war, initially targeting “an a new national security doctrine. In axis of evil.” U.S. military policy became doing so, it should act promptly, ideally utterly unhinged. within the first 100 days, when presi dential authority is least constrained So it remains today, with U.S. forces and before the day-to-day crush of crisis more or less permanently engaged in management consumes the ability to ongoing hostilities. In one theater after act proactively. another, fighting erupts, ebbs, flows, and eventually meanders toward some The central theme of that doctrine ambiguous conclusion, only to erupt should be pragmatism, with a sober anew or be eclipsed by a new round appreciation for recent miscalculations of fighting elsewhere. Nothing really providing the basis for future policy. ends. Meanwhile, as if on autopilot, the Before rushing ahead, take stock. After Pentagon accrues new obligations and all, in Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere, expands its global footprint, oblivious U.S. troops have made considerable to the possibility that in some parts of sacrifices. The Pentagon has expended the world, U.S. forces may no longer stupendous sums. Yet when it comes be needed, whereas in others, their to promised results—disorder curbed, presence may be detrimental. During democracy promoted, human rights the Cold War, peace never seemed advanced, terrorism suppressed—the anything but a distant prospect. Even United States has precious little to show. so, presidents from Harry Truman to Ronald Reagan cited peace as the ulti THE VALUE OF DOCTRINE mate objective of U.S. policy. Today, the term “peace” itself has all but Ever since President George Washington vanished from political discourse. warned against foreign entanglements War has become a normal condition. in his Farewell Address, doctrines have played a recurring role in guiding The next U.S. president will inherit American statecraft. In some instances, a host of pressing national security they provide an orientation for future challenges, from Russian provocations, action, specifying intentions and reorder Chinese muscle-flexing, and North Korean ing priorities. Such was the case with bad behavior to the disorder afflicting the eponymous doctrine of Truman in much of the Islamic world. Americans 1947, which committed the United will expect Washington to respond to States to assisting countries vulnerable each of these problems, along with to communist subversion, and that of others as yet unforeseen. To a consider President Jimmy Carter in 1980, which able extent, the effectiveness of that designated the Persian Gulf as a vital response will turn on whether the people U.S. national security interest, adding making decisions are able to distinguish that region to the places Washington what the U.S. military can do, what it considered worth fighting for and cannot do, what it need not do, and what thereby inaugurating the militarization it should not do. of U.S. policy in the Middle East. The Bush Doctrine of 2002, which As a prerequisite for restoring pru announced that the United States dence and good sense to U.S. policy, the would no longer “wait for threats to next administration should promulgate September/October 2016 37
Andrew J. Bacevich fully materialize” before striking, also going to war, and enjoin U.S. allies falls in this category. capable of providing for their own security to do just that. In other instances, doctrines aim to curb tendencies that have proved harmful. WAR AS A LAST RESORT In 1969, tacitly acknowledging the Vietnam-induced limits to presidential Back in 1983, Reagan assured Americans freedom of action, President Richard and the world at large, “The defense Nixon warned Asian allies to ratchet policy of the United States is based on a down their expectations of U.S. assis simple premise: The United States does tance. Henceforth, Washington might not start fights. We will never be an provide arms and advice, but not troops. aggressor.” As was often the case with And in 1984, Reagan’s secretary of “the Gipper,” words and actions aligned defense, Caspar Weinberger, spelled only imperfectly, with U.S. military out strict requirements for intervening intervention on behalf of Saddam abroad. Both the Nixon and the Wein Hussein’s Iraq in its war of aggression berger Doctrines sought to preclude against Iran offering but one example. further U.S. involvement in unnecessary Still, Reagan was right that the United and unwinnable wars. States would do well to avoid starting fights. The next president should return Today, the United States needs a to that position, explicitly abrogating doctrine that combines both functions. the Bush Doctrine and permanently At a minimum, a new national security renouncing preventive war. He or she doctrine should codify and expand on should restore defense and deterrence President Barack Obama’s admirable, if as the principal mission of U.S. forces. cryptic, dictum “Don’t do stupid stuff.” Beyond that, it should establish criteria Strong legal and moral arguments governing the use of force and clarify favor such a posture. Yet the principal the respective responsibilities of the rationale for using force only as a last United States and U.S. allies. resort—and, even then, strictly for defensive purposes—is not to uphold Such criteria will not, of course, apply the rule of law or to abide by some always and everywhere. Nor should they moral code. Rather, it is empirical. be expected to. The Ten Commandments When weighing pain against gain, and the Sermon on the Mount do not preventive war just doesn’t pay. encompass every conceivable circum stance, yet they remain useful guides Post–Cold War illusions about to human conduct. It is the absence of employing violence to shape the inter appropriate guidelines that invites stupid national order stemmed from specific stuff—as evidenced by the persistent assumptions about changes in the nature misapplication of U.S. military power of war that had ostensibly endowed the in recent years. United States with something akin to outright military supremacy. Thoroughly A new U.S. national security doctrine tested in Afghanistan and Iraq, those should incorporate three fundamental suppositions have proved utterly false. provisions: employ force only as a last Even in an era of big data, pilotless resort, fully engage the attention and aircraft, and long-range precision-guided energies of the American people when 38 f o r e i g n a f fa i r s
Ending Endless War Battle fatigue: a U.S. marine in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, June 2011 SHAMIL ZHUMATOV / REUTERS weapons, the nature of war remains bias in favor of restraint as an antidote to fixed. Today’s war managers, accessing the penchant for reckless or ill-considered battlefield imagery fed directly into interventionism, which has cost the their headquarters hundreds or thousands United States dearly while reducing of miles from the fight, are hardly better places like Iraq and Libya to chaos. No informed than the “chateau generals” more ready, fire, aim. Instead, keep the of World War I, who peered at maps weapon oiled and loaded but holstered. depicting the western front and fancied themselves in charge. War remains what SHARING THE BURDEN it has always been: an arena of chance that is exceedingly difficult to predict When the state does go to war, however, or control. As always, surprise abounds. so, too, should the nation. Since the end of the Cold War, the prevailing practice Along with prerogatives, power confers in the United States has been otherwise, choice. As the world’s most powerful reflecting expectations that a superpower nation, the United States should choose should be able to wage distant campaigns war only after having fully exhausted all while life on the home front proceeds other alternatives and only when genuinely unaffected. During the wars in Afghanistan vital interests are at stake. The point is and Iraq—the longest in U.S. history— not to specify a fixed hierarchy of interests the vast majority of Americans heeded and then to draw a line, everything above Bush’s post-9/11 urging to “enjoy life, which is worth fighting for and every the way we want it to be enjoyed.” The thing below which isn’t. That’s a losing we-shop-while-they-fight contract implicit game. Rather, the point is to restore a in this arrangement has undermined September/October 2016 39
Andrew J. Bacevich U.S. military effectiveness and under governments in return for token troop written political irresponsibility. contributions. It hires contractors to perform functions previously assigned The next administration will inherit to soldiers. The results do not comport a deeply flawed civil-military relationship with recognized standards of success or that dates back to the Vietnam War. even fairness. If winning implies achieving Nearly half a century ago, disenchant stated political objectives, U.S. forces ment with that conflict led Americans don’t win. If fairness in a democracy to abandon the citizen-soldier tradition implies shared sacrifice, then the that until then had formed the foundation existing U.S. military system is unfair. of the U.S. military system. By rescinding their prior acceptance of conscription, Meanwhile, a people substantively the American people effectively opted disengaged from their military find that out of war, which became the exclusive they have precious little say as to how purview of regulars—the “standing army” that military is used. As senior officials that the founders had warned of. and senior commanders experiment endlessly with ways of translating military As long as the United States confined might into some approximation of a itself to small-scale contingencies, such desired outcome, flitting from “shock as invading Grenada or bombing Kosovo, and awe” to counterinsurgency to or to campaigns of limited duration, counterterrorism to targeted assas such as the Gulf War of 1990–91, the sination and so on, citizens awaken to arrangement worked well enough. In the fact that they have been consigned an era of long wars, however, its short to the status of onlookers. comings have become glaringly apparent. When the invasions of Afghanistan Remedying this defective relation and Iraq produced twin quagmires, the ship will not be easy. A first step toward United States found itself requiring doing so should be to require the people more soldiers than war planners had to pay for the wars that the state under anticipated. Avenues that in the past takes in their name. When U.S. forces had enabled the country to field large go off to fight in some foreign land, taxes armies—in the nineteenth century, should increase accordingly, ending the summoning masses of volunteers to the disgraceful practice of saddling future colors, and in the twentieth, relying on generations of ordinary Americans with the draft—no longer existed. Although debts piled up by present-day members today more than enough young men of the national security elite. Should and women are available for service, the next president decide that deter few choose to sign up. Washington’s mining the outcome of the Syrian civil appetite for war exceeds the willingness war or preserving the territorial integrity of military-age Americans to fight (and of Ukraine requires large-scale U.S. perhaps die) for their country. military action, then Americans collec tively should pony up to cover the costs. To make up the difference, the state has resorted to expedients. It subjects A second step follows from the first: the less than half a percent of Americans confer on Americans as a whole the who do serve to repeated combat tours. responsibility for fighting wars that It offers blandishments to foreign exceed the capacity of regular forces. 40 foreign affairs
2016-Sept-Oct-FA-Wurst-UN_Foreign Affairs 6/27/16 3:14 PM Page 1 How to do this? While still filling the “Afascinating look at the saga of ranks of activeduty forces with self a unique organization that, selected volunteers, back up those against great odds, has kept alive the regulars with reserves that mirror American society in terms of race, ideals of the UN in the United States.” gender, ethnicity, region, and, above —Stephen Schlesinger • hc $68.50 • pb $26.50 all, class. TEL: 303-444-6684 • www.rienner.com Of course, the only way to create a military reserve that looks like the United The Herbert Scoville Jr. Peace Fellowship States is to empower the state to require invites recent college and graduate school involuntary service. The trick is to make alumni to apply for six to nine month fellowships that empowerment politically palatable. in Washington, DC, focusing on arms control, In that regard, narrowly defining the peace, and international security issues. Founded state’s authority will be essential, as will in 1987 to develop and train the next generation ensuring that, as implemented, conscrip of leaders on a range of peace and security issues, tion is equitable and inclusive: no exemp the program has awarded 168 fellowships to date. tions for the welltodo. Scoville Fellows work with one of more than two This twotiered formula—a standing dozen participating public-interest organiza- army of volunteer professionals backed tions. They may undertake a variety of activities, by conscriptionbased reserves—would including research, writing, public education, require reallocating responsibilities. and advocacy, and may attend policy briefings, Small policing actions or brief punitive Congressional hearings, and meetings with policy campaigns would remain the exclusive experts. Many former Scoville Fellows have taken purview of regulars. For anything larger prominent positions in the field of peace and or more protracted, mobilizing the more security. numerous citizen reserves would give the population as a whole an immediate The next application deadline is October 5, 2016 for the spring 2017 stake in an ongoing conflict, Washington’s semester. For complete details, see www.scoville.org or contact war thereby becoming the people’s war. (202) 446-1565 or [email protected]. Of course, history offers few assur ances that small wars stay small or that 41 campaigns designed to be brief keep to schedule. In war, all slopes are slippery. An appreciation of that fact might incentivize Americans who are subject to being called up (and their families) to pay attention to how Washington employs its regulars in the first place. To be sure, funding wars on a payas yougo basis and creating conscription based reserves would require enabling legislation. It is doubtful that today’s Congress possesses the requisite political courage to enact it. Still, there is value
Andrew J. Bacevich in articulating essential principles. practice, threats to that perimeter are This the next administration should do, coming from two directions. From the initiating a long-overdue reassessment south, waves of desperate refugees are of a broken military system. arriving on European shores. To the east lies Russia, nursing grudges. The CUTTING ALLIES LOOSE United States has rightly refrained from assuming responsibility for Europe’s The final piece of a new U.S. military refugee crisis. So, too, should it refrain doctrine should be to put an end to from assuming responsibility for Europe’s free-riding. American responsibility for Russia problem. defending others should extend only to friends and allies unable to defend Understandably, when it comes to themselves. The core issue here is not Russia, Europeans are only too happy one of affordability, although one may to resurrect a division of labor dating wonder why U.S. taxpayers and soldiers from the onset of the Cold War, when should shoulder burdens that others are it fell to the United States to carry most capable of shouldering. Rather, it is one of the load. Yet today’s Russia hardly of ultimate strategic purpose. compares to the Soviet Union of yester year. More thug than totalitarian, Vladimir Exercising global leadership is not an Putin is not Joseph Stalin reborn. The end in itself but a means to an end. Its Kremlin’s roster of client states begins purpose is not to accumulate clients and and pretty much ends with Bashar al- dependencies or to justify the existence Assad’s Syria, not exactly an asset. of a massive national security apparatus. When Obama disparaged Russia as a It is (or should be) to nurture a commu mere “regional power” after it annexed nity of like-minded nations willing and Crimea, the appraisal stung because it able to stand on their own. Sooner or hit the mark. Apart from having stockpiles later, every parent learns that there comes of essentially useless nuclear weapons, a time to let go. That lesson is no less Russia lags far behind Europe in most applicable to statecraft. relevant measures of power. Its popu lation is less than one-third that of the Europe offers a case in point. No European Union. Its economy, heavily where is free-riding more pronounced dependent on commodity exports, is and less justified. In the immediate one-ninth the size of Europe’s. aftermath of World War II, the battered democracies of Western Europe did Should it choose to do so, Europe— need U.S. protection. Today, no more. even after the British vote to leave the For Europeans, the dangers that made eu—is fully capable of defending its the twentieth century such a trial have eastern flank. The next administration all but vanished. Those that remain are should nudge Europeans toward making eminently manageable. that choice—not by precipitously with drawing U.S. security guarantees but With the good news come fresh through a phased and deliberate devo complications, of course. Chief among lution of responsibility. The sequence them is the challenge of securing a vastly might go as follows: Begin by ending expanded perimeter now encompassing the practice of always having an over two dozen nominally united, but still largely sovereign, nation-states. In 42 f o r e ig n af fai r s
Ending Endless War American serve as the supreme allied U.S. troops have become redundant or commander in Europe; nato’s next where U.S. military efforts show little military commander should be a Euro or no signs of succeeding, it should pean officer. Then, establish a schedule reduce, reconfigure, or terminate that for shutting down the major U.S. military presence altogether. headquarters in such places as Frankfurt and Stuttgart. Next, specify a date Call it the corollary to Obama’s certain for terminating U.S. member “stupid stuff ” rule. When what you are ship in nato and withdrawing the last doing isn’t needed (for example, U.S. U.S. troops from Europe. Southern Command standing ready “to conduct joint and combined full- When should Washington actually cut spectrum military operations” across the the transatlantic umbilical cord? Allowing length and breadth of South America), ample time for European publics to ring down the curtain. When ongoing adjust to their new responsibilities, for efforts, such as the never-ending war on European parliaments to allocate the terrorism, show few signs of progress, necessary resources, and for European consider alternatives. That’s not isola armies to reorganize, 2025 sounds about tionism. It’s common sense. right. That year will mark the 80th anniversary of the victory in World What are the programmatic impli War II—an eminently suitable occasion cations of maintaining a more modest for Washington to declare “mission overseas presence and curbing Wash accomplished.” But to get things rolling, ington’s penchant for interventionism? the next administration’s message to The Asia-Pacific would absorb greater Europe should be clear from day one: U.S. military attention, a trend that ready your defenses; we’re going home. would find ground forces as currently configured particularly hard-pressed to A drawdown in Europe should mark justify their existence. The active-duty just the beginning of an effort to over U.S. Army is already shrinking; it would haul the Pentagon’s global posture, grow smaller still. As U.S. forces pulled which today finds the U.S. military out of Europe and as the failure of U.S. maintaining an active presence in some military efforts to pacify the Middle East 150 countries. In that regard, the new became ever more evident, opportunities administration should revisit prevailing to trim the Pentagon’s overall spending assumptions regarding the supposed would present themselves. Here, too, pru benefits of scattering U.S. troops across dence dictates an incremental approach. the planet. Costs and benefits, rather Currently, the United States lavishes more than habit or dogma or (worst of all) on its armed forces than do the countries domestic politics, should determine with the next seven most generously where the U.S. military goes and what endowed militaries combined. Pegging it does when it gets there. Where the the Pentagon budget to merely the size forward deployment of U.S. forces of the next six offers a good place to contributes to stability—as is arguably start and would free up some $40 billion the case in East Asia—the next admin per year. The prospect of reallocating istration should affirm that presence. that tidy sum should excite the interest Yet where the evidence suggests that of liberals and conservatives alike. September/October 2016 43
Andrew J. Bacevich Yet such a cut, obliging the Pentagon misread self-restraint as weakness. to get by with a mere half-trillion dollars Reflexively opposing anything that per year, would still leave the United might jeopardize the Pentagon’s spending, States with easily the strongest military beneficiaries of the military-industrial on the planet. The competition to ensure complex will argue for redoubling efforts that it remains the strongest would pit to achieve permanent military domi the world’s best navy against the world’s nance. Leaders of the armed services, best air force, a race that should spur for their part, will remain preoccupied innovation. Goodbye, carrier battle with protecting their turf and their groups and piloted aircraft. Hello to a share of the budget. new generation of weapons that are more precise, more lethal, and more All will argue that safety lies in survivable—and better suited to a doing more and trying harder, leaving strategy of defense and deterrence. intact inclinations that have warped U.S. policy since the end of the Cold A TIME TO CHANGE War. In all likelihood, however, more of the same will only make matters worse, Come November, “America First” may at considerable cost to Americans and reemerge as a central theme of U.S. to others.∂ policy. Once thought to have been permanently discredited by the events of World War II, the phrase is today making a comeback, with Donald Trump, the Republican presidential candidate, employing it to signal his own predis position when it comes to foreign affairs. Depending on how officials interpret that sentiment, the American people and the world at large may welcome or deplore its revival. Yet whoever wins the election and whatever proclivities he or she brings to office, it will be incumbent on the next administration to undertake a critical appraisal of the country’s recent military disappointments. Formulating a new national security doctrine offers an essential step toward fulfilling that solemn duty, but only a preliminary one: the implications of such a doctrine will take years to play out. In the meantime, proponents of the status quo will mount a fierce counter attack. Die-hard interventionists will insist that adversaries are likely to 44 foreign affairs
SPONSORED SECTION Graduate School Forum Showcase: Adapting to a Changing Global Landscape Flying cars. Super viruses. The Internet of Things. Cold Fusion. New innovations emerge constantly. They know no borders; and, they bring new challenges and new opportunities. How will these shifts transform the landscape in which As you evaluate graduate schools, consider how we live and work? How will future leaders adapt? What you can build a solid foundation on the past, prepare context does history provide for the changes underway? for the present, and be ready to adjust to the future. What areas are new in their curriculum? On what International affairs and public policy professionals challenges and opportunities do their faculty focus? are distinguished by their flexibility and adaptability. How do they foster an atmosphere where learning and Even if they cannot predict the future, their inter- transformation can occur? disciplinary training provides tools to navigate and understand transformation. International affairs and public policy graduates master underlying principles of an ever-changing world, The leading schools of these disciplines blend broad even as they explore drivers of future change. Join us. preparation in critical thinking, analysis, communica- tions, management, and teamwork with deep regional, By Carmen Iezzi Mezzera cultural, economic, and policy expertise. Students learn Executive Director, Association of Professional to collaborate with different kinds of people, just as Schools of International Affairs (@apsiainfo) they must in the workplace. ForeignAffairs.com/GraduateSchoolForum
SPONSORED SECTION Contents Georgetown University, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 SFS: Approaching 100 Years of Service to the World Joel S. Hellman Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 There’s Nothing Traditional About an Internationally Focused Graduate Degree from the Middlebury Institute Lyuba Zarsky Thunderbird School of Global Management at Arizona State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Thunderbird Difference Allen J. Morrison UC San Diego, School of Global Policy and Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Asia Expertise: Uniting Students & Faculty Victor Shih University of Kent, Brussels School of International Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Advanced International Studies in the Capital of Europe with World Leading Academics and Experienced Practitioners Tom Casier University of Denver, Josef Korbel School of International Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Ideas with Impact: Policy-Relevant Research in Action Deborah Avant University of Washington, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Engaging the New World of International Affairs Stakeholders Jennifer Butte-Dahl Texas A&M University, The Bush School of Government and Public Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Understanding and Dealing with Global Change Raymond Robertson Ritsumeikan University, Graduate School of International Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Best University to See the Changing International Relations of the Asian Pacific Firsthand Masahisa Koyama Boston University, Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Adapting to a Changing Global Landscape at the Fredrick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University Bob Loftis National University of Singapore (NUS), Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Preparing for the Asian Century Kishore Mahbubani Yale Jackson Institute for Global Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Create Your Own Path to Global Leadership Allison Cordell 2
SPONSORED SECTION Syracuse University, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Power of a Skills-and-Scholarship Mix David M. Van Slyke The Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Sparking Innovation in Energy Allison Archambault Sciences Po, Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Study to Know, Know to Understand, Understand to Act. Enrico Letta University of Minnesota, Humphrey School of Public Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Training Future Leaders to Advance the Common Good in a Diverse and Changing World Eric Schwartz NYU School of Professional Studies, Center for Global Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Transnational Security: Examining Today's Risks and Tomorrow's Emerging Threats in a Strategic Context Mary Beth Altier Diplomatic Academy of Vienna, Vienna School of International Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Vicissitude and Permanence in Face of a Changing Global Landscape Markus Kornprobst The University of Texas at Austin, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Preparing Modern Policy Entrepreneurs for the World Arena Angela Evans Central European University, School of Public Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Offering a Global Learning Environment at the Frontier of Pressing Public Policy Debates Wolfgang Reinicke Stanford University, Ford Dorsey Program in International Policy Studies (IPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 The Intersection of Global Policy and Innovation Kathryn Stoner Seton Hall University, School of Diplomacy and International Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Finding Pathways to Peace Andrea Bartoli The Fletcher School at Tufts University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 To the White House and Back: Bringing National Security Experience to the Classroom Michele L. Malvesti European University at St. Petersburg, International Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Focus on Eurasia Ivan Kurilla Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3
SPONSORED SECTION Joel S. Hellman Dean Walsh School of Foreign Service Georgetown University SFS: Approaching What are the unique strengths of the SFS 100 Years of Service graduate program? to the World SFS offers eight different master’s programs, from our How does SFS prepare graduate students for thematic programs in international affairs and diplo- changes around the world? macy, global human development, and security studies to five regionally focused programs. This means that The SFS Centennial is quickly approaching in 2019, and at SFS, students get the best of both worlds: smaller, we have been thinking deeply about how to update our intensive cohorts of like-minded students and faculty approach for the 100 years ahead. Some things remain working on particular topics housed within a larger the same, even as international concerns have shifted graduate school with the convening power to bring in from maritime trade to issues like global warming and the most influential figures in international affairs. We terrorism. As ever, SFS offers an intensive graduate edu- are constantly evolving. We have added new initiatives cation, delivered by faculty who are both top scholars to strengthen our engagement with China and India. and, due to Georgetown’s ideal location in Washington, We have launched a new Executive Master’s Program D.C., engaged practitioners with personal experience together with the McDonough School of Business to facing complex problems. At SFS, students get to look at the interactions between international politics deepen their understanding of key global issues from a and global business. We are expanding the graduate multi-disciplinary perspective and to put into practice offerings of our innovative Science, Technology and what they are learning through internships and direct International Affairs program. engagement with decision-makers and practitioners. How will the Centennial benefit the graduate How is the 100 year history of SFS relevant to program at SFS? today’s graduate students? The Centennial is, of course, an opportunity to rethink Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign what and how we teach, but also to ask the SFS com- Service was established in 1919, immediately after munity to reinvest in what has made us the top-ranked the First World War, because of the need to adjust to graduate program in international affairs. We will a changing world. It was the first school of international be reaching out to our network of alumni—who are affairs in the United States, predating the creation of leaders in government, diplomacy, private industry, the U.S. State Department Foreign Service. The School humanitarian relief, and multilateral organizations drew its name, rather, from the broader idea behind its across the world—to ask them to provide even more founding: building peace through a better understanding opportunities for our students and graduates. In the of the world and a desire to serve the rapidly changing years approaching the Centennial, we will engage an global landscape. This early vision prepared students extraordinary range of leaders to come to SFS to work for challenges in both the private sector and the public with students and celebrate this remarkable milestone. sector. A passion for service, then and now, is central to the identity and mission of our school. sfs.georgetown.edu | [email protected] | 202 . 687 . 5696 4
SPONSORED SECTION Professor Lyuba Zarsky Joint MBA & MA in International Environmental Policy Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey There’s Nothing the analytics of governing common resource spaces. Traditional About an Second is a spirit of entrepreneurship: proac- Internationally Focused Graduate Degree from tive innovation, creative problem solving, flexibility, the Middlebury Institute and adaptation. Many young professionals want to establish their own businesses or organizations, while As the pace of global change continues to accelerate, others work in large companies and government and how important is it for international profession- intergovernmental agencies. All are seeking new als to nurture skills and capacities that move solutions to deepening problems. Development and beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries? environmental organizations are also increasingly seeking new business models to deliver sustained Global problems and solutions are remarkably similar in social benefits. Entrepreneurial innovation is essential. their underlying economic, political, and organizational structure. They are multifaceted problems that require Third is steely commitment: a capacity and will- interdisciplinary research to understand them, and ingness to treat obstacles as learning opportunities. multisector collaborations to nudge them in positive Cross-cutting interdisciplinary knowledge enables directions. To work effectively in a global context, profes- professionals to more effectively search for and manage sionals must cultivate both broad and deep disciplinary technical, analytical, and organizational solutions. knowledge, as well as hard and soft analytical and communication skills. Given economic globalization, How should graduate programs adapt to ensure international professionals must also be familiar with the they remain both fundamentally sound and rele- basics of global markets and the global political economy. vant in addressing emerging global challenges? In some fields, such as sustainability management and international education management, the demand for One effective adaptation we’ve embraced at the savvy international professionals is propelling whole Middlebury Institute is to create opportunities for new disciplines, creating a blend of traditional business, students to merge traditional disciplines through joint finance, science, policy, and management studies. degree programs—for example, combining an MBA with an environmental science or policy degree. More What advice do you have for the aspiring than a “green” MBA, this type of joint degree program international professional who wants to make a equips students with traditional and emerging business difference? What tools will this student need to skills as well as breadth and depth in the economic have an impact in their field in the years ahead? and scientific challenges of global resource manage- ment. Another adaptation is to provide structured and Three sets of tools are key. The first is collaboration and supervised opportunities for students to apply academic cooperation. Professionals in, for example, the impact concepts in real-world, on-the-job contexts. Whether investing field, must continually hone their capacity working as consultants for clients, developing their own to work with, listen to, learn from, and negotiate with businesses, or conducting publishable field research, people from a range of professional, cultural, and students encounter actual global challenges—and socioeconomic backgrounds. Language and intercultural the practical, day-to-day solutions that they demand. competence can be especially useful, as can studies in These immersive learning opportunities, combined with skillful mentoring by both professional and academic supervisors, often create a natural bridge to profes- sional positions after graduation. www.miis.edu | [email protected] | 831 . 647 . 4166 5
SPONSORED SECTION Allen J. Morrison CEO and Director General Thunderbird School of Global Management The Thunderbird We focus on attracting people who give the school Difference its signature diversity. At every level of the school, it gives us the tools to take on new challenges that emerge What do students need to prepare for careers in in business, government, and cultures around the world. today’s rapidly changing world? Our degree offerings also reflect Thunderbird’s We embrace volatility and uncertainty at Thunderbird response to an evolving world economy. and our promise since coming into being in the years following World War II has always been to prepare our Are Thunderbird’s new specialized master’s students to be leaders in environments of ambiguity. degrees a response to changes in business? Dealing with change, uncertainty, and the unexpected is at the core of what we teach at Thunderbird. In many ways, yes—but it also is a return to what Thunderbird did for decades and the degree that built One of the challenges for students today, for the school’s reputation. What Thunderbird offers today anyone who wants to boost his or her opportunities is a degree that reflects the needs of an uncertain and in an international career, is finding a way to stand out. volatile global marketplace that is changing faster How can you differentiate yourself, find your niche, and than ever. achieve your ambitions? When Thunderbird merged with Arizona State In looking at a career in global management, by University in 2014, the decision was made to return definition you are looking for something different. to offering the degree that established Thunderbird’s That’s what Thunderbird provides - starting with two global reputation, the Master of Global Management. degrees that are specialized, the Master of Global A joint MBA-MGM degree is available in partnership Management and the Master of Arts in Global Affairs with ASU. & Management, and that also includes our top-ranked programs for executive education. In a marketplace for talent that is now well-stocked with MBA graduates, multinational corporations, From the people with whom you study, to the faculty export/import businesses, government and NGOs from whom you learn, to the global settings in which are all eager to explore opportunities with graduate experiential learning happens, a Thunderbird experi- students who offer something different—this is what a ence is different from what you can get anywhere else. Thunderbird experience and degree have always offered. We invite you to ask our alumni and judge for yourself. Today, more than ever, we believe that it is much What has the school done to adjust to the new more than a piece of paper demonstrating academic challenges in the global marketplace? achievement. Our students and alumni will tell you that the cross-cultural, hands-on, practical global experience Thunderbird has always been an innovator driven by that happens at Thunderbird is life changing— and it the people it attracts—a diverse group of students, is something that will only happen here. faculty and staff who operate in a collaborative envi- ronment shaped by a shared mission. T-birds swear to an oath when they graduate, one that was created by Thunderbird students and focuses on being ethical agents of change. www.thunderbird.asu.edu | [email protected] 6 602 . 978 . 7100 or 800 . 457 . 6966 (US)
SPONSORED SECTION Victor Shih Associate Professor School of Global Policy and Strategy UC San Diego Asia Expertise: political outcomes can use it. It would be great to have Uniting Students & students work on the data. And for students interested Faculty in Chinese politics, it’s a great way to apply methods they learn in class to something that can be rewarding. At the School of Global Policy and Strategy, you successfully debated the Chinese economy UC San Diego sits at the cusp, if you will, of would be in crisis—and you did it with Asia—ties are closer than we think. How is International Affairs and Public Policy master’s teaching here helpful to your work? students. Why is it valuable to work closely with students? The density of exchanges between UC San Diego and academia in China is impressive. For that, we must I learned a lot about the financial industry when I thank our 21st Century China Program. Additionally, worked for The Carlyle Group before UC San Diego, we have a close relationship with Fudan University and I’m grateful to be able to pass that knowledge through the Fudan-UC Center on Contemporary onto students. It was a pleasure to collaborate with China, also based at the School of Global Policy and the students on the debate, and I learned a great deal Strategy. We are now well known in China as a pre- from them. At the same time, it’s important to provide mier place to exchange ideas on economic policies opportunities for them to challenge themselves in a and political economy. substantively interesting way. We had a lot of fun. Explain about the power of the new degree You’ve created a niche with some of your being offered, the Master of Chinese Economic research, connecting the effects of elite politics and Political Affairs. What’s the importance of on financial policy in China. What are some of offering this degree? your key findings? Given our all-encompassing strength on China studies, For some reason, the literature on financial policies we can offer students a comprehensive and in-depth and outcomes assumed that institutional factors drove curriculum on many different aspects of China. Our the outcomes. But when I talked to bankers in China, coverage of China is better than some of the more everyone told me that banking policies were highly traditional powerhouses of China studies. At the politicized. It’s a good niche because very few people same time, we also offer a rigorous quantitative focus think about the connections. Now most people know and courses on general public policies, international that politics is in command in banking policies in China. relations, and international political economy. I firmly believe that the School of Global Policy and Strategy is the best place in the world to get a master’s degree on China studies. Your quantitative database on Chinese elite politicians has recently been expanded. What is its potential for students in the classroom? We have made a huge amount of progress on the data- base, and anyone interested in the effect of networks on gps.ucsd.edu | [email protected] | 858 . 534 . 5914 7
SPONSORED SECTION Dr. Tom Casier Academic Director Brussels School of International Studies University of Kent Advanced International We are also introducing a new secondary special- Studies in the Capital ization in Foreign Policy, which will complement all of of Europe with World our degrees and allow students the opportunity to link Leading Academics their chosen specialization to theory and give a greater and Experienced breadth of study within contemporary themes. Due to Practitioners the nature of the subject, our curriculum is constantly evaluated and developed to reflect the rapidly changing What makes BSIS different from comparable world of international relations. institutions offering advanced postgraduate teaching? Are internships integral to your degrees? While being an integral part of the University of Kent, a Our focus is academic; but by being in Brussels and top 20 UK university, we give students an opportunity exposing students to the wealth of opportunity in the to study international affairs in a city where key deci- city, internships can enhance the learning experience. sions are made on a daily basis, be it on the refugee There are many exciting experiences for students within crisis or the deployment of troops on NATO’s eastern NGOs, think-tanks or larger organizations such as the borders. Students have the opportunity to special- European Parliament. It’s also important to factor in ize in two subjects within their degree—an MA in the huge number of seminars, conferences, public International Migration with Human Rights Law, for lectures and guest speakers that occur on a daily example. Although our focus is on international studies, basis—students are spoiled for choice. we link back to how this integrates with the EU and the EU’s relationship with the outside world e.g. through Achieving a balance between the theoretical and the our degree in EU External Relations. practical is at the heart of what we do. One example is our module on Negotiation and Mediation; in order to How does your teaching adapt to the solve international conflicts, the combination of theory changing world? and practice is essential, and this module blends these two to equip students with these skills. EU Migration Our teaching is developed and enhanced annually by Law is another module which provides students with a the introduction of new modules which integrate the sound grounding in the law governing regular migration specialist knowledge of our academic staff with the within the European Union, as well as an opportunity changing world order. For instance, this year we are to undertake an internship at the EU Rights Clinic and introducing new modules in African politics and Middle put their theoretical knowledge to use. Eastern politics. This will enhance our curriculum in many of our MA degrees, particularly Conflict and How does this prepare students for life after BSIS? Development. The exposure to the world of international studies in a city like Brussels is what really sets our School apart. Our links within the field mean that students are able to network with influential players which in turn leads to job opportunities not only in Brussels but also further afield. We present students with the necessary skills to make a career in international affairs a possibility. www.kent.ac.uk/brussels | [email protected] | +32 2 . 641 . 1721 8
SPONSORED SECTION Dr. Deborah Avant Sié Chéou-Kang Chair and Director, Sié Chéou-Kang Center for International Security and Diplomacy Josef Korbel School of International Studies University of Denver Ideas with Impact: nonviolent strategies that are used by non-state actors Policy-Relevant affect violence in armed conflict. Our collaboration Research in Action with diverse groups opens channels of communication, allows for real-time responses to policy inquires, and What is unique about the research conducted at facilitates dynamic programmatic changes that respond the Sié Center? to rapid shifts in global politics. The Sié Center at the Josef Korbel School of In another important research project, the Center International Studies fosters research to advance global partners with research institutes in Norway, South peace and security that is innovative in many ways. Africa, and Nepal for a global effort to study how inter- Our efforts focus on emerging security challenges. As national norms and local dynamics combine to create the twenty-first century unfolds, international armed innovations in peacebuilding. We also have ongoing conflict is on the decline, while other forms of organized data collection projects on nonviolent and violent and interpersonal violence have spread. Our research campaigns and outcomes (NAVCO), social conflict provides rigorous analysis of this violence and the vari- (SCAD), corporations and human rights (CHRD), ous ways and groups that affect it, all with an aim to private security (PSM), and women’s participation in enable better governance and foster peace. protests (MicroMob). Our research is connected with the wider world. How are students involved in the Sié Center’s We engage cooperatively and respectfully with the activities? range of ideas, approaches, and actors in the broader global politics arena. We actively involve policymakers, Students are an integral part of our team. The Sié practitioners, and the public—from identifying research Fellowship program was established when the Center questions to translating findings into meaningful con- was founded. Each year, the program selects 10 tributions to the public discourse. leadership-bound MA students as Sié Fellows. They receive a free-tuition scholarship to the Josef Korbel A significant part of our research is collaborative; we School, have the chance to conduct research with have projects that include all eight of our full-time fac- faculty, and take advantage of a host of other mentor- ulty. Three staff members, three postdoctoral scholars, ing, ethics training, cohort building and networking and more than 35 MA and PhD research assistants also opportunities. Sié Fellows emerge from the program work on various initiatives at the Center. We are proud as budding global leaders. to be a team that is driven to improve lives through path-breaking, rigorous, and practice-oriented research Faculty regularly co-author with their students on mitigating and promoting alternatives to violence. and co-present with them at major academic confer- ences. PhD students serve, with the managing editor, as the production team for the newest ISA journal: the Journal of Global Security Studies (JoGSS), which is edited at the Center. What are some of the new research initiatives at the Sie Center? The Sié Center was one of five research institutes to receive a $1 million, two-year grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York in 2014 as part of its efforts to inform critical global issues with accessible expert analysis. Our project seeks to understand how different www.du.edu/korbel | [email protected] | 303 . 871 . 2544 9
SPONSORED SECTION Jennifer Butte-Dahl Director Master of Arts in Applied International Studies Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies University of Washington Engaging the New civil society. The MAAIS curriculum gives students a World of International solid understanding of this rapidly changing world and Affairs Stakeholders a multidisciplinary perspective on the pressing chal- lenges facing international affairs practitioners today. What distinguishes your master’s in applied international studies (MAAIS)? Why study in Seattle? Our mid-career program is designed for professionals The city of Seattle is a thriving center of business and looking to broaden their global perspective and more culture strategically located on the Pacific Rim, with effectively engage with governments, international deep historical ties to Asia. The joint ports of Seattle and nongovernmental organizations, foundations, and and Tacoma represent the third-largest port system in companies to tackle critical global challenges. We North America, and Washington State is a top trading leverage the deep area expertise of the 107-year old partner for countries around the world. Our region is Jackson School of International Studies, as well as the also home to major multinational actors, including innovation and global engagement of stakeholders in Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon, and Starbucks, as well and around Seattle, to curate a curriculum that is both as influential philanthropic organizations such as the relevant and distinct. Our faculty dive into the politi- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the largest private cal, social, economic, historical and cultural drivers of foundation in the world. The area boasts a robust non- international policy and decision-making. Courses cover profit community, including the headquarters of PATH the making of the modern world, views from the global and World Vision, and a strong military presence that south, international legal foundations, technology trends, includes the Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard. energy and the environment, religion and politics, inter- national migration, and much more. Students graduate A distinct MAAIS feature is the Civic Council, made with a nuanced understanding of how the world works, up of corporate, nongovernmental, political and secu- practical skills applicable to all international affairs sec- rity sector figures from companies and organizations tors, and powerful professional connections. directly influencing global policy and decision-making. Civic Council members bring their expertise and diverse Why is a multidisciplinary approach to interna- perspectives to the MAAIS program through special tional affairs important? lectures, field visits, simulations and client projects. This collaboration offers significant networking opportuni- The international affairs arena is changing, reflecting ties and helps our students stay current and develop economic, political, and societal influences at work valuable skills. in the world at large. Diplomats are no longer the sole representatives of their nation abroad. There Who should apply? is an expanding community of stakeholders outside of government now engaged in finding solutions to The MAAIS program is designed to meet the needs pressing global issues. To be effective, international of global mid-career professionals. We offer two affairs leaders need to understand what is happening options: a full time 10-month program and a part outside of their industries and organizations at the time two-year program. Prospective students hold a intersections of government, the military, business and bachelor’s degree and have a minimum of five years of professional experience. appliedinternationalstudies.uw.edu | [email protected] | 206 . 221 . 8577 10
SPONSORED SECTION Dr. Raymond Robertson Professor and Helen and Roy Ryu Chair in Economics and Government The Bush School of Government and Public Service Texas A&M University Understanding and a professional client. Clients have included the World Dealing with Global Bank, USAID, the United Nations Development Program, Change CYBERCOM, the State Department, and the CIA. The Bush School opened its doors on the Texas A&M How have Bush School graduates been doing in University campus in 1997. The University’s service and the job market? leadership ideals, which reflect those of our namesake, George H.W. Bush, are a guiding force in our instruc- The Bush School employs faculty and career services tion. We offer a high-quality and affordable education staff who are connected and resourceful. They assist for those who desire careers in public service and students with their internship and employment international affairs. searches, empowering them with contacts and guidance. Students pursue career options in federal How does the Bush School help students agencies and government contractors, local and state understand the changing global landscape? government, corporate and nonprofit organizations, think tanks, and international organizations. And they The Bush School offers an extensive curriculum that consistently gain employment in relevant fields at a prepares students for an array of careers in interna- rate of 85% or higher within six months of graduation. tional fields. In my own specialization of international development and economic policy, we offer courses What attracted you to the Bush School? in international economic development, international trade, gender, famines, field research methods, state The combination of talented academics and accom- building and state failure, and the economic devel- plished practitioners was attractive, as was Texas opment of China, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin A&M’s global reach. And there is a phenomenal America. The School also has an extensive curriculum culture of academic and professional excellence that in our national security and diplomacy track, includ- makes each day exciting. I’m teaching small classes ing courses covering international relations theories, with opportunities for interaction inside and outside intelligence, civil wars, American foreign policy and the classroom, and the School continues to expand its diplomacy, as well as critical regional areas. opportunities for both students and faculty. There is incredible support for research and high expectations Understanding global change requires studying for students and faculty alike, creating a challenging the reality of policy implementation and the theory and rewarding environment. The Bush School is a great behind it. A number of our faculty have had outstand- place to work and learn. ing careers in government, including a former director of the U.S. Agency for International Development, I was also impressed that students receive a quality a former U.S. ambassador, and a former CIA chief education at a reasonable cost. Our tuition/fees are of counter-intelligence. Academic faculty include among the lowest of APSIA schools (under $12,000 Fulbright Scholars, recipients of major international per year before scholarship) and all students earn grants, and authors publishing in the most prestigious merit aid. I enjoy being part of a school that offers its and influential presses and journals. students unlimited potential without burdening them with substantial debt. We emphasize skills, substance, and theory in our teaching. Our premiere hands-on research experience is a capstone project where student teams work for bush.tamu.edu | [email protected] | 979 . 862 . 3476 11
SPONSORED SECTION Masahisa Koyama Dean and Professor Graduate School of International Relations Ritsumeikan University The Best University to See foundation focused on an emerging Asian economy the Changing International interlinked with Japan and China. Relations of the Asian Pacific Firsthand How is your institution keeping competitive in the face of new challenges? How is your curriculum adapting to the changes in the world and preparing for the future? Kyoto, Japan has geographical features attracting stu- dents from the world. Kyoto is a rich culture with many In looking at Asian region, the Association of Southeast World Heritage sites. Japan is considered a peaceful Asian Nations (ASEAN) has sustained high economic and safe country. And Asia is an emerging region, growth under the political stability, peaceful relations, politically and economically. Two-thirds of students and economically developed and emerging power, China. and one-fourth of faculty are not Japanese, which Being held in spotlight, however, faces issues of territorial shows that our GSIR at Ritsumeikan Univeresity is a disputes and middle income trap caused by an aging soci- highly globalized academic institute in Japan. Students ety. Japan is also not immune to these growing concerns. could learn International Relations and multidisciplinary courses under in a learning environment of peace, In this dynamic change seen in Asia and the global- freedom and innovation. ized world, our Graduate School of International Relations (GSIR) has strengthened our research and educational The second advantage of GSIR is that we offer a capacity by launching the Global Cooperation Program Dual Master’s Degree Program (DMDP with American (GCP, English-based) and the Global and Japanese University SIS, for example) and many internship Perspectives Program (GJP, English and Japanese mixed) opportunities such as UN Volunteer in Bonn for qualified to attract international students who are interested in students; they aim at enhancing students’ international international politics and economics, as well as cultural mobility to acquire a diversified way of thinking and studies from Asian and Japanese perspectives. more professional skills. These experiences could contribute to nourish global citizenship for student We enrich our teaching staff by recruiting foreign pursuing an international career. scholars and experienced practitioners in the fields of diplomacy, development finance, and journalism. Lastly, we offer a world-class education and research The newly launched “Professional Training” course opportunity to work alongside a distinguished academic aims at supporting foreign students to understand staff that includes diversified practitioners with rich field Japanese ways of economic development, politics and experiences. We assign students to the most relevant diplomacy, business management, and culture and academic supervisor in line with their research topic. traditions through seminars and field visits. Another course named “Development Strategies” focuses on We accept prospective students, including gov- a progressed ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) as ernment officials from Asian countries supported a regional economic integration mode, and discusses by Japanese government scholarships, so that both the economic and political interdependency among domestic and international students can interact ASEAN, China, and Japan. The curricula is conducted easily and exchange their ideas for establishing an by Dean Koyama who has rich expertize of develop- international network for the future, valuable assets ment finance and wants to provide an academic forum for soft diplomacy. which enhances interaction between international and Japanese students. We have constructed an academic www.ritsumei.ac.jp/gsir/eng | [email protected] | +81 75 . 465 . 1211 12
SPONSORED SECTION Ambassador Bob Loftis Professor of the Practice of International Relations Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies Boston University Adapting to a unanticipated negative effects. We want our students Changing Global to consider the challenges confronting policy makers, to Landscape at the recognize that sometimes there are no “right” answers, Fredrick S. Pardee and to know that that life cannot be reduced to bumper School of Global sticker slogans. Improving the human condition is only Studies at Boston possible with a strong ethical base. A second change University requires all students to have a grounding in international negotiations: there is no challenge facing us today that How is your curriculum adapting to the changes can be solved by any country or institution alone. We in the world and preparing for the future? are also putting a renewed emphasis on quantitative analysis. Good decisions are made on the basis of good The key to understanding, thriving in, and improving a information, and our students will be well-equipped to world that is changing in rather unpredictable ways is understand what is relevant and what is not. the ability to see how seemingly disparate events and trends influence each other. Our curriculum is designed How is your institution keeping competitive in to give our students a solid foundation in international the face of new challenges? diplomacy and negotiations, international economics, quantitative analysis, global governance, and research Pardee has two unique features. The first is a strong design. Graduates will be able to discern the interplay interdisciplinary faculty, including world-class experts of different factors, such as shifting centers of economic on international relations, history, political science, development, the role of religion, and the rise of non- sociology, international security and regional studies. traditional actors and how they influence the direction The second is the hearty collaboration between tradi- of world events. With this strong foundation, students tional academics and professors of the practice. Our will be able to delve more deeply into their particular students work with professors who have spent their areas of interest. When they graduate, our students careers in studying and writing on the key issues of will have the specialized knowledge they need with our times and with professors who come from careers the broad vision to put it into perspective. To do well, in diplomacy, intelligence and the military, benefit- both depth and breadth are required. ting from their experiences in policy formulation and implementation. We also offer experiential learning, where students, both individually and in groups, take on projects and research opportunities for real world clients. Indeed, two of our recent graduates were hired to implement recommendations from their graduate research papers. We expect our students to approach their studies with these practical applications very much in mind. What new issues/areas in your curriculum will address these changes? One of the changes we are most excited about is introducing a strong component on ethics throughout our curriculum. Decisions and policies have conse- quences, and even well-intentioned actions can have bu.edu/pardeeschool | [email protected] | 617 . 353 . 9349 13
SPONSORED SECTION Professor Kishore Mahbubani Dean Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, NUS Former Singapore Ambassador to the UN Preparing for the How will the curriculum be different? Asian Century Our distinguished faculty will expose students to the The 21st century will be the Asian century. This was the latest debates in international affairs, from both a theo- main theme of my book, The New Asian Hemisphere: retical and practical point of view. Crucially, students The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East. Recent will be offered the chance to immerse themselves in developments—America's “pivot” to Asia, the Trans- the study of Asian societies through a rich menu of Pacific Partnership trade deal, China’s “One Belt, One courses, many providing an Asian perspective on major Road”, and more ominously, maritime disputes in the global developments. Our MIA students, I am certain, East and South China Sea—remind us of the imperative will add to the “buzz” in the School, by debating these of understanding the region's dynamics for future global perspectives critically and energetically. Like their fellow prosperity. The Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy MPP, MPM and MPA students, the MIA students will (LKY School), which is without peer in Asia, is uniquely have the chance to undertake practical fieldwork in positioned to prepare future leaders for this new era. other Asian countries. Our students have met Aung For over a decade, it has trained students from Asia San Suu Kyi in Myanmar and former President Susilo and other parts in the world in three flagship public Bambang Yudhoyono in Indonesia; they also have policy programmes, Master in Public Policy (MPP), ample opportunities to engage the many distinguished Master in Public Administration (MPA) and Master visitors to the School, who have included Kofi Annan, in Public Management (MPM). In August 2017, it will Paul Volcker and Amartya Sen. launch its newest program, the Master in International Affairs (MIA). What is the advantage of getting a National University of Singapore (NUS) degree? Why has the LKY School launched a new Master in International Affairs program? NUS is now ranked #1 in Asia and #12 in the world in the latest QS World University Rankings. Committed As power shifts from West to East, there is a growing individuals aspiring to an international career in policy, demand to understand the perspectives of Asia's new business, consulting, or academia can count on receiv- powers. Located in the heart of the region, the LKY ing an outstanding education—which is rigorous and School offers an unmatched vantage point to provide relevant to their needs—in international affairs from these perspectives. Its international faculty has deep a leading global university. They will leave the LKY expertise on China, India, ASEAN, the US, and other School with a top-rank degree and a global network of Asian-Pacific powers. The student body is global too, fellow graduates who will remain invaluable contacts with 80 percent drawn from countries in Asia and throughout their careers. other parts of the world, including China, India, ASEAN, Europe, and America. Few institutions can match this cosmopolitan learning environment. lkyspp.nus.edu.sg | [email protected] | +65 6516 . 8004 14
SPONSORED SECTION Allison Cordell, MA `16 Consultant in the Anti-Money Laundering practice Deloitte Transactions and Business Analytics LLP Create Your Own Path How did you spend the summer between your to Global Leadership first and second years of the MA program? Yale Jackson Institute for Global Affairs’ MA occupies I interned at the Ukrainian chapter of Transparency a unique place among international affairs graduate International, a leading anti-corruption NGO, and was programs. Each candidate pursues an individualized based in Kiev. The internship offered me an invaluable course of study, taking advantage of resources from opportunity to research the anti-corruption reforms across the university. For students, this is a remarkable that were passed after Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity. opportunity to study with renowned Yale faculty from all It was an incredible opportunity to be in the country disciplines. Seminars with Senior Fellows--practitioners during such a critical period in its democratic devel- from the public and private sector--round out the rich opment. A Yale alumnus and the Jackson Institute’s offerings from which students may choose. Our small career advisor helped me secure the position, and the size and approach create a dynamic atmosphere as Jackson Institute provided grant support that enabled students become a resource to each other and a window my three-month stay in Kiev. I applied the experience to the diversity and complexity of the global affairs field. during the following semester when I wrote a seminar paper about anti-corruption policy in Ukraine. Tell us a little about yourself. Any special faculty mentors? After graduating from college, I served in the Peace Corps in Guatemala. My primary role was to advise Many Jackson Institute professors and senior fellows municipal authorities on how to be more efficient and offered me a superb education in the classroom, office transparent, and I also hosted a local television show hours, and round table events. Casey King, a faculty about healthy cooking using low-cost ingredients. The member at the Jackson Institute, mentored me begin- experience was life-changing and set the stage for all ning in my first semester at Jackson. Professor King not of my career and academic pursuits that have followed. only introduced me to the anti-money laundering field, but he also has served as a regular source of advice on Jackson offers a highly flexible curriculum. How both academic and career matters. did you tailor your academic experience to meet your interests and career goals? How did your MA degree prepare you for your current role? My academic interests include violence prevention, countering organized crime, and anti-corruption poli- The master's program gave me valuable hard skills in cies. The flexible Jackson curriculum allowed me to statistics, economics, and a foreign language (Russian). take courses across the university that taught these A good education is broader than providing specific interdisciplinary topics through different lenses. In addi- skills, and Jackson's research seminars prepared me tion to Jackson's core classes, I studied anti-corruption to approach analytical projects with confidence that at Yale Law School, global social entrepreneurship at I can find answers about topics that are new for me. the School of Management, and data analysis at the Graduate School's statistics department (and that is just to name a few highlights of my time at Yale). jackson.yale.edu | [email protected] | 203 . 432 . 6253 15
SPONSORED SECTION David M. Van Slyke Dean Louis A. Bantle Chair in Business-Government Policy Maxwell School, Syracuse University The Power of a Skills- real-world application of how theory and practice are and-Scholarship Mix complementary and reinforcing. David M. Van Slyke became dean of the Maxwell Imagine a student interested in humanitarian aid School on July 1, following 12 years on the faculty. A and conflict resolution, whose professors not only recognized expert on public-private partnerships and hold appointments in economics, political science, and government contracting, Van Slyke has worked with geography, but are also former heads of international senior leadership in China, India, Peru, Singapore, aid organizations—such as the World Food Program. and Thailand, and has advised the World Bank, the Imagine that student attending classes in Syracuse U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Office of Management and and at the UN; learning firsthand from visiting leaders Budget, and the Government Accountability Office. of international NGOs; immersing herself in language, politics, and culture through a university regional How does the Maxwell School approach the center; and experiencing a global internship specifi- needs of today’s IR student? cally designed around her career interests. We have students on that path every year, and students building The attributes IR professionals need most are adapt- similarly rich programs in international development, ability and breadth. The world is changing and careers security studies, foreign service, sustainability, and change with it. many other fields. Maxwell’s answer is an interdisciplinary MAIR And you can still finish our MAIR in 16 months that is grounded in the social sciences, is attuned and start your new career. It’s a remarkably complete to substantive and regional interests, and integrates degree on a condensed schedule—really, all the degree transferrable management and finance skills born of most IR professionals will ever need. our #1-ranked MPA. It’s a powerful hybrid for training the next generation of international leaders. What is your proof that this approach to an IR education pays off? Plus, the world-class scholars in Maxwell’s social science departments provide the IR program’s theo- The easy answer is that our alumni get great jobs in retical and conceptual content. Add to that Syracuse diverse sectors. More than 90 percent have field- University’s broad programming, 32 research institutes, relevant jobs within months of graduating. seven regional centers, and a neighboring SUNY campus focused on environmental policy. Opportunities are But the real proof is something distinctively Maxwell. nearly boundless. When you talk to Maxwell alumni, you find they share a commitment to making a difference in the world. How does this diversity impact students? Grounded in the social sciences and management and policy skills, they have a heartfelt connection to how Much of the core curriculum—statistics, economics, their work and careers matter. They appreciate the management, and evaluation—is applicable across difference they can make in the world, and rise to it. sectors, policy areas, and organizational type and tailored to the international context. Many Maxwell professors are former practitioners, bringing strong global experience and leadership that shapes their engagement with students. In addition to the mix of social science, management, and policy analysis concepts, we require a global internship, providing maxwell.syr.edu/paia | [email protected] | 315 . 443 . 4000 16
SPONSORED SECTION Allison Archambault President, EarthSpark International Johns Hopkins SAIS Alumna Sparking What would you say to someone planning to Innovation study at Johns Hopkins SAIS? in Energy Actually, I have a friend who was recently accepted into How did your experience at Johns Hopkins SAIS the school’s Master of Arts in Global Policy program prepare you for your current role? and I am thrilled for her. I have told her, and would tell others, that she is headed to a school that has truly Disrupting the status quo in energy infrastructure is earned its reputation for being a leader in the field a big—but necessary—task. My nonprofit organiza- of international affairs. I know she will be afforded tion develops business models that bring clean and incredible opportunities to gain new perspectives, affordable energy services to populations that have meet great people, and learn concrete skills that never before had electricity. Energy intersects with will serve her throughout her career. I would also finance, policy, community engagement, international encourage newly admitted students to embrace the relations, technology, and a million other things. My school’s welcoming and engaged global community, studies deepened my thinking about infrastructure to leave their comfort zones, and to make the most of planning and financial modeling and informed my their time as a student—whether they are studying in thinking of these adjacent issues. When it comes to Washington, DC, Europe, or China—because school successful execution, it really comes down to getting goes by far too quickly. all of the details right, and Johns Hopkins SAIS is great for helping lay the groundwork for managing The Johns Hopkins SAIS alumni network is all of those details. known for being a close-knit community. How do you stay involved? What advice would you share with someone interested in studying I really appreciate the school’s strong sense of international affairs? community and return to campus to attend events whenever I can. I’ve also been fortunate to recruit Whether you’re interested in working on Wall Street student volunteers for my organization, including or building a social enterprise from the ground up, I one volunteer who spent seven months working on would encourage prospective students to explore a solar electrification project in Haiti. In fact, the what they care about and how their studies will help volunteers have been so enthusiastic about their them achieve their career goals. Second, I would rec- studies that one of my colleagues ended up applying ommend gaining meaningful work experience before to the school! I have also enjoyed staying in touch starting graduate school. Finally, I would advise that with former professors and classmates who work prospective students speak with current students, on similar issues and seeing them at events around faculty, and graduates of their top choice schools. DC and the world. Everyone I met at Johns Hopkins SAIS was really open to answering my questions and very supportive. Their enthusiasm for the institution was a great motivator in my choosing to apply. www.sais-jhu.edu | [email protected] | 202 . 663 . 5700 17 EUROPE • WASHINGTON • CHINA
SPONSORED SECTION Enrico Letta Dean Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA), Sciences Po Former Prime Minister, Italy Study to Know, world’s most prominent international actors and Know to Understand, over 2000 PSIA students for a series of debates Understand to Act. on the Agenda for the future UN Secretary General. Our students were also at the epicenter of the first What encouraged you to take up the edition of the Youth & Leaders Talks, held in April position as Dean of the Paris School of 2016 and which saw selected student speakers take International Affairs (PSIA) at Sciences Po to the stage, after several weeks of professional in September 2015? training, to share their own very personal interpreta- tions and experiences of Crossing Borders. Through PSIA is today recognized as one of the world’s leading these events and more, PSIA’s students are in fact professional schools of international affairs, and with already actors contributing to a changing world, my 25 years of experience in European politics and both present and future. public affairs I was eager to contribute to such an outstanding community, in a multilingual environment What is your vision for PSIA in the years that is indeed designed to prepare for our world’s to come? changing landscape. PSIA truly manages to combine both theory and practice, and from my perspective, Our aim in the coming years is to ensure that PSIA this is essential to best train tomorrow’s leaders continues to nurture ever richer and more diverse and change-makers at a national and international opportunities offered to our community to study, level. Bringing together brilliant students from more learn and act in a meaningful way in a highly com- than 100 countries and world-renowned faculty and plex global environment. At PSIA, students can practitioners, PSIA has created a space that fosters design their very own course of study thanks to dialogue, understanding and, most of all, action for our programs, which are both highly specialized the 21st Century. but also flexible. We provide the most up to date combinations of expertise to our student community, What new projects and innovations did you preparing them for tomorrow’s challenges as they instigate during your first year as Dean? pursue their careers across continents. One pillar of PSIA’s strategy in the coming years will be to PSIA was already a highly successful school when I further develop the support we provide to outstand- joined as Dean. One priority was to further develop ing students from the emerging world. They already the school as a platform for public debate, building represent 30% of our student body, but still many on the strong existing foundation of over 100 high- more could join PSIA, the beating heart of global level events already offered each year. Working with affairs in Continental Europe. a dedicated team of 40 students, we launched the annual Youth & Leaders Summit in January 2016, which welcomed over 2 days more than 40 of the www.sciencespo.fr/psia | +33 1 . 45 . 49 . 50 . 50 18
SPONSORED SECTION Eric Schwartz Dean Humphrey School of Public Affairs Training Future Leaders What is new in your curriculum to address to Advance the Common these changes? Good in a Diverse and Changing World We are continually adapting our curriculum to respond to new challenges. This fall, we launched our Master The Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Human Rights (MHR) degree, which builds on the of Minnesota is uniquely positioned to impact complex University of Minnesota’s extraordinary tradition of global challenges that demand innovative and effective scholarship, service, and training in human rights issues. approaches. Guided by a dynamic curriculum, and with It is an interdisciplinary program that provides a solid the support of a globally engaged faculty, Humphrey grounding in diverse, substantive, and methodologi- School students are trained for careers in foreign policy, cal approaches to human rights issues, and it draws global affairs, international development, and human on faculty expertise ranging from nongovernmental rights and humanitarianism. organization (NGO) management to critical human rights studies and global public policy. In addition How is your curriculum adapting to changes in to coursework, students gain real-world experience the world and preparing students for the future? through internships and capstone projects with local, national, and international human rights organizations. The world needs visionaries to address daunting and varied global challenges involving diplomacy, conflict How does the Humphrey School expand its prevention and management, humanitarian response, global impact? global migration, human rights, food security, climate change, and poverty and inequality. The Humphrey Through our global connections, faculty scholarship School is constantly adapting its offerings to best influences and informs policy issues around the nation train students to address these issues. Our curricu- and the world, and internships provide students real- lum combines core courses in policy analysis with an world experiences. array of academic offerings, and opportunities to learn from practitioners. The Master of Public Policy (MPP) • A new partnership with the Washington, DC-based degree program includes a Global Policy concentration Stimson Center, one of the country’s most highly with specializations in U.S. foreign and international regarded global policy think tanks, creates opportunities security policy, international development policy, and for student internships and research projects. global human rights and humanitarianism. A sepa- rate Master of Development Practice (MDP) degree • Through his research, publications, and openGlo- program prepares students for careers focused on balRights blog, Associate Professor Jim Ron works international development, and our new Master of to bring the perspectives of the Global South to the Human Rights (MHR) degree prepares students to international human rights discussion and debate. work as human rights professionals engaged in global challenges as practitioners, researchers, policy analysts, • Professor Anu Ramaswami leads a network of and advocates. The MS in Science, Technology, and scientists, industry leaders, and policy makers on Environmental Policy (MS–STEP) includes focus on ways to build smart, healthy, and sustainable cities global issues that shape economic development, envi- around the world and has collaborated closely with ronmental sustainability, human health, and well-being. the United Nations system on these issues. • Global Policy faculty have advised members of Congress and the Administration on a broad range of issues, from international humanitarianism to nuclear non-proliferation. hhh.umn.edu | [email protected] | 612 . 624 . 3800 19
SPONSORED SECTION PHOTO: NYUSPS/MARK MCQUEEN Mary Beth Altier Clinical Assistant Professor NYU School of Professional Studies Center for Global Affairs Transnational Security: Many students in the MS in Global Affairs Examining Today's have served in the military or will return Risks and Tomorrow's to service after graduation. How is their Emerging Threats in a perspective integrated into the Transnational Strategic Context Security concentration? You lead the MS in Global Affairs concentration in At the NYUSPS Center for Global Affairs, I have encoun- Transnational Security. What does this concen- tered students from all branches of the military. These tration cover, and to what careers does it lead? students have helped direct counterterrorism drone strikes in the Horn of Africa, have served on the front The concentration in Transnational Security runs the lines in Iraq, and have taken part in counter-insurgency gamut from conventional interstate threats to sub-state operations and reconstruction in Afghanistan. The mili- threats including civil war, terrorism, insurgency, and tary’s perspective permeates much of the Transnational organized crime, in addition to environmental threats Security concentration and the presence of current or including climate change; infectious disease; and food, former members of the military in the classroom pro- water, and energy security. Students grapple with the vides operational and strategic insight in our classroom implications of the Iranian nuclear agreement, Russia’s discussions. At the same time, I find service members actions in Ukraine, the rise of ISIS, the refugee crisis, a are enthusiastic about the opportunity to step back proliferation of failed states, intelligence reform, drug and critically examine larger international security and and human trafficking, homegrown radicalization, foreign policy issues apart from day-to-day operational and post-conflict reconstruction. We discuss how security issues or other tasks. technology and globalization alter the conduct of war and challenge norms from cyber to nonlinear warfare, One example is our course, Security Sector to unmanned weapons, and terrorists’ use of social Governance and the Rule of Law. It examines best media, encryption, and the Dark Web. practices for rebuilding the military and police in post-conflict and post-democratization contexts Employers find our students possess not only the as well as continued oversight and reform of these academic knowledge and analytic skills necessary to organizations in developed democracies. We discuss excel, but also the practical experience and connections the structure of the military and the police, the role in their field. Graduates work as intelligence analysts or of private military companies, security sector reform officers in the military or at US government agencies (or in and transitional justice initiatives, the reintegration similar organizations in their home countries). Our alumni of ex-combatants, countering violent extremism, and are employed as intelligence or political risk analysts in community relations (or “winning hearts and minds”). the private sector at organizations such as Kroll, RANE, In my experience, those who have a military or law Morgan Stanley, and AIG. Others are on the front lines enforcement background are drawn to this course and of counterterrorism, monitoring and analyzing terrorist the larger concentration because it contextualizes their behavior on the Internet and Dark Web for companies experiences and provides a bridge to additional career such as Dataminir and Flashpoint. Many put their skills to opportunities within the military or in civilian sectors. use as research analysts for think tanks, NGOs, or the UN. 15 Barclay Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10007 20 www.sps.nyu.edu/cga | 212 . 998 . 7100
SPONSORED SECTION Markus Kornprobst, PhD Chair of International Relations Diplomatic Academy of Vienna Vicissitude and courses that address how the interplay of domestic Permanence in Face and international forces shapes processes ranging from of a Changing Global democratisation to ethnic violence, and from religious Landscape sectarianism to revolutions. We have numerous courses that deal with how states and the international steer- Teaching and research at the Diplomatic Academy of ing mechanisms they have put into place succeed or Vienna (DA), the Vienna School of International Studies, fail to manage crises. Regional expertise has always are shaped by an interdisciplinary approach to embrace been important to us. Our area studies course offer- the complex elements of international affairs; they rest ings, including courses on the Middle East and Russia, on multidisciplinary pillars (international relations, proceed from a thorough analysis of domestic affairs international economics, international and European to the international policies states pursue. law, and history) and reflect changes in the world while preserving the tradition of the DA as an outstanding In the DA’s mission statement, reference is academic institution of international affairs. Since 1754, made to preparing talented men and women for the DA has had strong institutional and professional international careers and positions of leadership. ties to diplomacy and international affairs on a national, How do you keep your curriculum competitive in European, and international level. The emphasis on the face of new developments in world politics and proximity to the practical world is a key element and the employability of your graduates? of studying at the DA. In addition to its longstanding one-year Diploma Programme, the DA offers a Master Our graduates are very successful on the job market. of Advanced International Studies (MAIS) programme, Our strategy for ensuring this success is threefold: First, a Master of Science in Environmental Technology our curriculum provides students with interdisciplinary and International Affairs, and a PhD Programme in breadth. They learn how to make sense of international Interdisciplinary International Studies, all aimed at phenomena in scientifically rigorous fashion by combin- preparing young people for international careers and ing clues from Economics, History, Law, and Political leading positions in their chosen field. Science. Second, our curriculum makes it possible for students to examine areas in depth that are of major You’ve held the Chair of International Relations interest to them such as international development, at the DA since 2009; since then the world international security, and diplomacy. Recent Masters has witnessed the Arab Spring and the Syrian theses, for example, include studies on sustainable bloodshed, major challenges for the European development goals, cybersecurity, and e-diplomacy. Union such as the Greek crisis and the refugee Third, we put strong emphasis on language training crisis, an expansive Russian Foreign and Security (especially official UN languages) and skills, which Policy, to name just a few. Where do you set adds further to the competitiveness of our students priorities in the DA’s curricula to reflect these on the job market. changes, e.g. by introducing new issues/areas? In order to understand our evolving world, we constantly adapt our existing courses and course offerings. To use the examples you mentioned above, we have several www.da-vienna.ac.at | [email protected] | +43 1 . 505 . 72 . 72 x120 21
SPONSORED SECTION Angela Evans Dean Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs The University of Texas at Austin Preparing Modern intellectual boundaries and to examine and appreciate Policy Entrepreneurs the importance of diversity of thought, politics, race, for the World Arena gender, geography and socioeconomics. Energized by ideas and enriched by diversity, our students can enter any job in the world arena with the knowledge and practical experience to be “at the table” when policy is formulated. How is your curriculum addressing the most What role does location play in pressing global issues today? preparing students for careers in today’s global environment? Is there a benefit The LBJ School has a unique legacy of tackling the being in Texas? most complex policy problems of our day by creating innovative approaches that make a difference not just Location matters when choosing where to study within the walls of academia, but also in the public the public sphere, and there is no better place in and social dialogue of our world. Our curriculum is the nation to see real-life policy implications than agile, geared towards a shifting global landscape Austin, Texas. This dynamic capital city provides a and identifying new challenges as they emerge. We complete governmental learning laboratory where adapt our programs so that our students acquire innovations are occurring at a rapid pace in key policy the skills and expertise to move directly into the areas such as trade, natural resources, security, global arena and to make substantive contributions development, technology and immigration. The LBJ to policy debates. School shares the vast resources of the University of Texas at Austin, a Tier I research university, It is critical that our students anticipate the impli- providing us with interdisciplinary richness. And cations of blending national and world policies. We our students have the ability to study and work in build analytic skills to develop policy that transcends Washington, DC, where we recently opened our borders, and we teach the power of interdependencies new LBJ Washington Center. With a population of among international intelligence, aid, security, health, over 27 million, the longest foreign border in the diplomacy, development and research. U.S. and close proximity to Mexico, Central and South America, Texas is a powerhouse, serving as How do you teach students a global perspective a gateway to diverse international and global policy to problem solving? communities. The world and its challenges are at our doorstep at the LBJ School in Austin. Policy analysis and high quality research inform prob- lem solving. The LBJ School prides itself in advancing scholarship that does not focus on one methodology or discipline, but rather fosters an approach that exposes the cycle and context of policy, including analysis frameworks, recurring tensions around persistent policy debates and the creation of feasible options ready for implementation. We teach our students to stretch lbj.utexas.edu | [email protected] | 512 . 471 . 3200 22
SPONSORED SECTION Wolfgang Reinicke Founding Dean School of Public Policy Central European University Offering a Global What changes have there been to SPP’s Learning Environment curriculum to address the changing public at the Frontier of policy environment? Pressing Public Policy Debates We are a new school and so are constantly innovating and changing our programs. In what ways does SPP’s curriculum prepare students for the future? In 2015–16, for example, we offered two elective courses on scenario planning—partly responding to There is a severe crisis in public policy today. Policy- demand from our students who wanted to become makers seem incapable of addressing compelling public more familiar with this important tool. In Spring 2016, policy problems—problems that revolve around issues the school’s Global Policy Academy organized an espe- such as the distribution of resources, identity, income cially timely course on Migration Policy in a European inequality, and migration. This school was established Context that included visits to the International Centre to provide students with the knowledge and the skills for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), the EU that are required to meaningfully engage with these Fundamental Rights Agency in Vienna, and a refugee and other public policy issues and to ensure that policy reception center in Hungary. interventions do not do more harm than good. We are introducing more courses related to media All three of SPP’s master’s programs are firmly and journalism, security, human rights, and develop- grounded in the policy world. Students enrolled in ment, and are focusing more on South America, the the two-year MPA program, for example, are required Middle East, India, and China. We emphasize gender to complete a series of Skills For Impact modules on and conflict sensitivity and rights-based approaches topics such as policy writing, negotiations, and pre- in our pedagogy. sentations—all skills they will need to be effective in the policy world. What do you think is SPP’s competitive edge? SPP provides a truly global learning environment. SPP is truly a global institution. Our curriculum is not Our students come from six continents and more than grounded in the traditions of any one political system. 60 countries. They bring diverse perspectives to the classroom. Their presence also enables our students to We also compete with other public policy schools by build transnational networks that will help them have offering relatively low tuition and generous scholarships. an impact in their home countries and throughout their There are new scholarship programs for students from careers. Diversity is also a central way of developing many regions of the world. CEU also has scholarship emotional intelligence and the understanding that programs for Roma students, and students from Syria policy-makers cannot impose top-down solutions but whose studies were disrupted by the war. must instead engage a broad array of stakeholders. Our location in Budapest places us geographically and politically at the frontier of pressing debates relat- ing to the role of government, the media, and regional and international influences, while simultaneously sitting at a bridging point between East and West and North and South. spp.ceu.edu | [email protected] | +36 1 . 327 . 3110 23
SPONSORED SECTION Dr. Kathryn Stoner Faculty Director, Ford Dorsey Program in International Policy Studies Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law The Intersection of governance, security, international economic policy, Global Policy and and related issues. Innovation Our students tell us that they chose our program What are the distinguishing features of the in order to get a firm grounding in analytical and Ford Dorsey Program in International Policy quantitative skills. Core quantitative courses include Studies (IPS)? calculus-based statistics, econometrics, international trade or international finance and microeconomics or We are a small program (25 students per year), which cost-benefit analysis. Our student must also undertake helps create a strong sense of community and common a depth of study in one of the five areas of program- purpose. At the same time, we are embedded in a matic concentration, which include: Democracy and great research university. Students are able to take full Development, Energy and Environment, Global Health, advantage of the wide range of classes across Stanford International Political Economy, and International Security while completing IPS’ core curriculum. and Cooperation. Our model is also different from that of our com- IPS graduates leave the program with a range of petitors. We believe the best solutions to international skills including those in quantitative analysis, policy policy problems should come from a range of per- writing, decision-making, and negotiation. Additionally, spectives and disciplines, rather than the traditional since students are able to take classes in different disciplines of economics or political science. Our departments and schools at Stanford, many also obtain students can take classes almost anywhere at Stanford, skills in finance, computer science, and management, including the Graduate School of Business, Stanford among other fields. Law School, the School of Education, and Stanford’s very popular d.School. As a result, we have a distinctly Who are leading faculty members in your interdisciplinary approach to the study of global policy program? challenges and solutions. One of the biggest strengths of our program is our Lastly, the IPS program includes a heavily subsi- ability to draw on faculty not just from within our pro- dized spring break trip, a funded summer internship gram, but from around Stanford. A student can study between the first and second years of the program, and a security and conflict with James Fearon in the Political second-year practicum exercise where students provide Science Department or democratic development with real-world policy recommendations for clients like the Larry Diamond at the Hoover Institution, as well as World Bank, the United Nations High Commissioner Francis Fukuyama at the Freeman Spogli Institute for for Refugees, and the US Department of State, to name International Studies at Stanford. In addition, former but a few. This past spring break, students traveled to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice teaches in our India and met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. And program, as do two former US Ambassadors Michael last year, they met with Aung San Suu Kyi in Myanmar. McFaul and Karl Eikenberry (Russia and Afghanistan, respectively). In this way, we are able to combine theory and practice in our classes. What skills do students obtain in your program? The IPS curriculum provides students with rigor- ous preparation to address problems in diplomacy, ips.stanford.edu | [email protected] | 650 . 725 . 9075 24
SPONSORED SECTION Andrea Bartoli, Ph.D. Dean School of Diplomacy and International Relations Seton Hall University Finding Pathways (GAAMAC). Dr. Borislava Manojlovic traveled to the to Peace Basque Country last year to present government offi- cials with her research team’s recommendations for How is Seton Hall University’s School of post-conflict development. And Dr. Martin Edwards Diplomacy and International Relations adapting led a team in analyzing public opinion of the UN. its curriculum to changes in the world while Experiences like these positively contribute to student preparing for the future? development by allowing them to engage actors in a way most students and academic institutions can only We are passionate about working together to find discuss in the classroom. ways of restoring stability and security in our world. The School of Diplomacy offers a graduate degree Are there others ways in which Seton Hall is specialization and an online certificate in Post-Conflict staying competitive in the current academic State Reconstruction and Sustainability. Many of our environment? instructors and guest lecturers can explore through first-hand experience what’s behind a crisis, as well We see a greater interest in accelerated, online pro- as what can be done to avoid, manage and resolve grams that will upgrade the skills professionals are conflict. Seton Hall University is also a leader in seeking in order to advance their careers or to pursue global health studies and health management. We a more focused professional path. To meet these were inspired to combine these two strengths into demands, we developed online courses and 15 credit a certificate program in Global Health Management certificate programs that get students to their academic that looks at what is going on in the world today in goals faster. We are launching an Executive M.S. degree terms of infectious and chronic diseases, for example, in International Affairs structured with the needs of and teaches our students how to address these chal- mid-career professionals in mind and anticipate the lenges. The program also allows us to tap into one of launch of a new Certificate in Global Studies that will the benefits of our location just outside of New York empower teachers to infuse classroom learning with City—our connections to leading health profession- a greater focus on international affairs. Good things als, area hospitals, and international organizations, are happening here. such as the UN. How is the School responding to changes in the world outside of the classroom? As a whole, our community revels in the opportunity to contribute to the greater good. We view students as partners in mutual learning, and are proud to be addressing global issues together through student- faculty research teams. For example, I have been working with a team of students to advance the mis- sion of Global Action against Mass Atrocity Crimes Diplomacy.shu.edu | [email protected] | 973 . 275 . 2514 25
SPONSORED SECTION Michele L. Malvesti Professor of Practice in International Security The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Tufts University To the White House Fletcher class enrollment is split 50% male and and Back: Bringing female. You teach courses on National Security National Security Decision-Making and International Cyber Experience to the Conflict, and you also teach a course titled Classroom “Women in National Security.” How do you take your experiences of being a woman in this field Michele L. Malvesti (F ’00 and PhD ’02) returned to her and translate them into the classroom? alma mater in January 2016 as a full-time Professor of Practice in International Security. Prior to enrolling as a As with other members of the Fletcher community, student 18 years ago, she worked as a terrorism analyst I have been fortunate to work in organizations that in the intelligence community, and after receiving her were team-oriented, had a shared sense of mission, Doctor of Philosophy and a Master of Arts in Law and fostered trust under conditions of high stress. My and Diplomacy, Malvesti went directly to the White national security colleagues valued those teammates House, where she served in the Office for Combating who were committed to duty and excellence—regardless Terrorism on the National Security Council staff for of gender. That said, women continue to encounter situ- more than five years. ational and institutional obstacles in this field, and I am dedicated to fostering an honest dialogue on these very How have your experiences on the National Security real challenges. One of the issues we tackle as a team in Council staff and in the intelligence community that particular course is the importance of valuing and prepared you for the world of academia? leveraging diversity—in worldview, nationalities, cultures, and, yes, gender—in exercising leadership and effecting While working in Washington, I acquired collaborative, change. This approach aligns with the Fletcher School’s policy-specific skills for addressing global challenges. mission of preparing the world’s leaders. Fletcher faculty members like to fuse knowledge with practice in the classroom, so I often incorporate case As a Fletcher graduate and now professor, what studies and real-world examples from my time in aspects of the Fletcher community do you value, and government throughout my courses. At Fletcher, we’re what advice would you have for recent graduates? preparing students to define pressing global problems and use interdisciplinary approaches to help solve them. With students and faculty from more than 70 countries, If I can help students expand their problem-solving we often refer to The Fletcher School as a “mini UN.” We toolkit and adapt it to an increasingly complex, unpre- have a culturally rich and intellectually diverse student dictable world, then I have helped achieve our goal. body and faculty, and I value the unique perspectives that each individual brings to learning inside and outside our classrooms. The Fletcher community is defined by a shared commitment to creating positive global impact, so my advice to our graduates is to continue making a difference in your chosen field, remain open to working in new areas based on changing contexts, and never, ever give up. Fletcher.Tufts.edu | [email protected] | 617 . 627 . 3040 26
SPONSORED SECTION Ivan Kurilla Professor of History and International Relations IMARES program Academic Director International Programs European University at St. Petersburg Focus on Eurasia “historical politics” within our MA degree program in Russian and Eurasian Studies (IMARES program), European University at St. Petersburg is among as well as international relations, security and terror- the top research universities in social sciences ism, and culture and social issues. We discuss the and humanities in Russia. It is sometimes most recent changes and trends at regular IMARES compared with Formula 1 racing. What makes workshops and guest lectures. your university so different? Until recently, most of our international students had European University at St. Petersburg (EUSP) is not chosen intensive programs that led to an MA degree a typical Russian university. It is a private graduate within one year. Starting this academic year, we are school that attracts some of the best scholars and lead- proudly opening two new two-year Master’s degree ing experts from Russia and abroad. We produce top programs. One is in Russian and Eurasian Studies research in humanities and social sciences and teach (IMARES Plus). The second one focuses specifically on talented graduate students interested in studying Russia Energy Politics, Energy Security and Energy Relations and Post-Soviet space. The 3:1 student/professor ratio in Eurasia (ENERPO Plus). Students now can choose ensures individual guidance and personal attention to if they prefer to spend two years in St. Petersburg to each of our students. Our international community of learn or improve their knowledge of Russian language, professors, administrators, and students make us the do their internships or conduct in-depth research. most cosmopolitan of Russian universities. Your international students spend intensive and St. Petersburg is arguably the most beautiful city in interesting time in St. Petersburg. What about Russia, full of cultural and academic attractions, living their career perspectives after graduation? its vibrant life on the edge between Russia and Europe. Our students take full advantage of its unique archives We are proud to meet our alumni from different and libraries and excellent theaters and museums. countries working in their governments and in NGOs, academia, and business. EUSP gives them an excellent The situation in the world, and especially foundation for a career that requires a multicultural in Eurasia, has been changing rapidly in competence and international experience. The life recent decades. This also means new and study in Russia and the knowledge of Russian challenges for universities who prepare language are an essential competitive edge over future experts in international relations. other graduates. How EUSP maintains up-to-date expertise at its International Programs? Our first Master’s degree program for international students in English started 18 years ago. Since then, we amend our curriculum in accord with the latest geopolitical changes and scholarship development every year without exception. As a History Professor, I can tell that the importance of history as a political tool and as a bone of contention in numerous “culture wars” had highly increased in the Post-Soviet space as well as in the whole world. We study history and eu.spb.ru/international | [email protected] | +7 812 . 386 . 76 . 48 27
SPONSORED SECTION Directory Boston University National University of Singapore (NUS) Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy bu.edu/pardeeschool lkyspp.nus.edu.sg [email protected] [email protected] 617 . 353 . 9349 +65 6516 . 8004 Central European University NYU School of Professional Studies School of Public Policy Center for Global Affairs spp.ceu.edu 15 Barclay Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10007 [email protected] www.sps.nyu.edu/cga +36 1 . 327 . 3110 212 . 998 . 7100 Diplomatic Academy of Vienna Ritsumeikan University Vienna School of International Studies Graduate School of International Relations www.da-vienna.ac.at www.ritsumei.ac.jp/gsir/eng [email protected] [email protected] +43 1 . 505 . 72 . 72 x120 +81 75 . 465 . 1211 European University at St. Petersburg Sciences Po International Programs Paris School of the International Affairs (PSIA) eu.spb.ru/international www.sciencespo.fr/psia [email protected] +33 1 . 45 . 49 . 50 . 50 +7 812 . 386 . 76 . 48 Seton Hall University The Fletcher School at Tufts University School of Diplomacy and International Relations Fletcher.Tufts.edu Diplomacy.shu.edu [email protected] [email protected] 617 . 627 . 3040 973 . 275 . 2514 Georgetown University Stanford University Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service Ford Dorsey Program in International Policy Studies (IPS) sfs.georgetown.edu [email protected] ips.stanford.edu 202 . 687 . 5696 [email protected] 650 . 725 . 9075 The Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs www.sais-jhu.edu [email protected] maxwell.syr.edu/paia 202 . 663 . 5700 [email protected] 315 . 443 . 4000 Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Texas A&M University The Bush School of Government and www.miis.edu Public Service [email protected] 831 . 647 . 4166 bush.tamu.edu [email protected] 979 . 862 . 3476 28
SPONSORED SECTION Directory (continued) Thunderbird School of Global Management University of Minnesota at Arizona State University Humphrey School of Public Affairs www.thunderbird.asu.edu hhh.umn.edu [email protected] [email protected] 602 . 978 . 7100 or 800 . 457 . 6966 (US) 612 . 624 . 3800 UC San Diego The University of Texas at Austin School of Global Policy and Strategy Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs gps.ucsd.edu lbj.utexas.edu [email protected] [email protected] 858 . 534 . 5914 512 . 471 . 3200 University of Denver University of Washington Josef Korbel School of International Studies Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies www.du.edu/korbel [email protected] appliedinternationalstudies.uw.edu 303 . 871 . 2544 [email protected] 206 . 221 . 8577 University of Kent Brussels School of International Studies Yale Jackson Institute for Global Affairs www.kent.ac.uk/brussels jackson.yale.edu [email protected] [email protected] +32 2 . 641 . 1721 203 . 432 . 6253 About APSIA The Association of Professional Schools of International Visit APSIA.org to discover what you can do with Affairs (APSIA) brings together the leading graduate an APSIA degree, learn about hiring APSIA students programs dedicated to professional education in and alumni, register for admissions events around the international affairs. Members have demonstrated world and online, and find fellowship and scholarship excellence in multidisciplinary, policy-oriented inter- information. national studies. Association of Professional Schools APSIA strengthens members and affiliates by sharing of International Affairs (APSIA) information. It promotes international affairs educa- www.apsia.org | [email protected] tion through online and in-person events and supports 202.559.5831 employers in finding highly-qualified personnel. THIS SPONSORED SECTION IS ALSO AVAILABLE ONLINE AT ForeignAffairs.com/GraduateSchoolForum 29
eNBEOWOK FOREIGN AFFAIRS ANTHOLOGY SERIES Brexit and Beyond The shocking vote for ‘Brexit’ on June 23 is only the latest twist in a long and complex story. At Foreign A airs, we’ve been following these debates closely for generations and are delighted to o er readers a guide to the subject that is as comprehensive as it is timely. - Gideon Rose, Editor Get the Anthology at ForeignA airs.com/BrexitandBeyond ALSO AVAILABLE ON
ESSAYS No country is better positioned than the United States to lead in the twenty-first century. But it is worth remembering that our indispensable role in the world is not inevitable. —Joseph Biden Building on Success The Return of Europe’s Nation-States Joseph R. Biden, Jr. 46 Jakub Grygiel 94 From Political Islam to INTS KALNINS / REUTERS Muslim Democracy How to Fix Brazil 102 Rached Ghannouchi 111 Eduardo Mello and Matias Spektor China’s Infrastructure Play 58 121 Gal Luft America’s Brewing Debt Crisis Parting the South China Sea Mira Rapp-Hooper Robert Litan 68 Keeping Europe Safe David Omand The Strategic Costs of Torture Douglas A. Johnson, Alberto Mora, 76 and Averell Schmidt Venezuela on the Brink 133 83 Lisa Viscidi
Return to Table of Contents Building on Success Opportunities for the Next Administration Joseph R. Biden, Jr. The next administration will take the reins of American foreign policy in a world that is more complex than at any point in our modern history, including the twilight of the Cold War and the years that followed the 9/11 attacks. But it is also the case that despite the proliferation of threats and challenges—some old, some new—by almost any measure, we are stronger and more secure today than when President Barack Obama and I took office in January 2009. Because of our investments at home and engagement overseas, the United States is primed to remain the world’s preeminent power for decades to come. In more than 40 years of public service, I have never been more optimistic about America’s future—if only we continue to lead. THE FOUNDATIONS OF POWER From the outset, our administration has been guided by the belief that the foundations of U.S. global leadership reside first and foremost in our dynamic economy, peerless military, and universal values. We have built on these core strengths by expanding and modernizing the United States’ unrivaled network of alliances and partnerships and embedding them within a wider international order of rules and institutions. Having inherited a deep economic recession, our administration first sought to steer an economy in collapse through an arduous recovery. In doing so, we have reestablished our standing as the world’s strongest and most innovative major economy, undergirded by the rule of law, thefinestresearchuniversities,andanunparalleledcultureofentrepreneur ship. Smart investments coupled with American ingenuity have also made the United States the epicenter of a global energy revolution, both in renewables and in fossil fuels. JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., is Vice President of the United States. 46 foreign affairs
Building on Success And we are seeing the results of a revitalized economy—in sustained job growth, a shift from outsourcing to insourcing, and a renewed consensus that the United States is once again the best place for businesses to invest worldwide, with the consulting firm A. T. Kearney ranking it now four years running as the top destination for foreign direct investment. This vibrant economy is essential to sustaining our unrivaled mili tary. We continue to outpace our competitors, spending more on our overall defense than the next eight countries combined. We have the most capable ground forces in the history of the world and an unmatched ability to project naval and air power to any corner of the globe. And thanks in no small part to our efforts to bolster U.S. special operations forces, enhance our cyberspace and space capabilities, and invest in unmanned systems and other game-changing technologies, we’re well positioned to maintain our qualitative edge for years to come. This is part of a layered defense that has only grown stronger with our laser focus on homeland security, making our borders safer, improving securityand inspections at ports, and strengthening screening procedures at airports. Our intelligence and law enforcement professionals are coordinating at an unprecedented level among themselves and with partners around the world, foiling countless would-be attackers. And with U.S. assistance, our partners are now reciprocating by sharing more information, such as passenger records, enhancing security while protecting civil liberties. This speaks to another reality: America’s greatest strength is not the example of our power but the power of our example. More than anything, it is our adherence to our values and our commitment to tolerance that sets us apart from other great powers. I have no doubt that future generations of Americans will be proud of the way we have doubled down over the last seven and a half years to uphold basic human dignity by banning torture, calling for a more enlightened immigration system, expanding opportunities for women, and defending the rights of the lgbt community at home and abroad. This is not only the right thing to do; it is also the right strategy, because our commitment to defend what is best in us inspires others to stand with us. That’s vital, since our unrivaled network of allies and partners—from our core democratic alliances in Europe and Asia to our growing partnerships in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East—multiplies our ability to lead. It’s how we mobilize collective September/October 2016 47
Joseph R. Biden, Jr. action to address just about every major challenge, from the Islamic State (or isis) to Ebola to climate change. Equally critical has been our commitment to strengthening the open international system, embracing the time-tested approach that spurred America’s rise in the previous century. The United States built the basic architecture of the international order after the devastation of World War II, and it has served us and the world well ever since. That’s why we have invested so much energy to defend and extend the rules of the road, signing historic arms control and nonproliferation agreements and leading worldwide efforts to lock down nuclear materials, expand trade, protect the environment, and promote new norms to address emergent challenges at sea and in cyberspace. As a result, no country is better positioned than the United States to lead in the twenty-first century. But it is worth remembering that our indispensable role in the world is not inevitable. If the next administration chooses to turn inward, it could very well squander the hard-earned progress we’ve made not just over the past seven and a half years but also over the past seven decades. Although the next president will be confronted with innumerable issues, four tasks loom large: seizing transformative opportunities on both sides of the Pacific, managing relations with regional powers, leading the world to address complex transnational challenges, and defeating violent extremism. PACIFIC OPPORTUNITIES The next president should deepen U.S. engagement with the most dynamic regions of the world by seizing possibilities on both sides of the Pacific, starting right here in the Western Hemisphere. Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean have an outsize impact on our domestic security and prosperity, and in the twenty-first century, the Western Hemisphere should figure prominently among our top foreign policy priorities. We’re already seeing the returns of a renewed focus on the region. Because of the way President Obama and I have prioritized improving relations with our neighbors, including the opening to Cuba, the United States’ standing in the hemisphere has never been higher. The next administration should build on this momentum to strengthen the security and prosperity of people throughout the Americas. The table is set to deepen cooperation with Canada and Mexico, capitalize on renewed 48 foreign affairs
Building on Success ties with Argentina, sustain unprecedented engagement with Central America, and expand our partnerships with regional leaders such as Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. Challenges surely remain, including undocumented immigration, drug trafficking, widespread corruption, and fragile democratic insti tutions, but today the region is defined more by opportunities than crises. The opportunities include the possibilities for stronger trade and in America’s greatest strength vestment, greater energy integration, is not the example of our and a more peaceful hemisphere in which the United States helps end long-running power but the power of our conflicts, as we have done in Colombia. Indeed, for the first time in history, it’s example. possible to imagine a hemisphere that is middle class, democratic, and secure from the northern reaches of Canada to the southern tip of Chile. On the other side of the Pacific, we’ve recharged our engagement with Asia. The next administration will inherit treaty alliances with Australia, Japan, the Philippines, and South Korea that are the strongest they’ve ever been. It isn’t always easy to explain on a bumper sticker, but it’s common sense that the United States is wealthier and safer because the world’s advanced democracies are in our corner. It’s also true that being the principal security provider in Asia doesn’t come for free. But we should never underestimate the extraordinary economic costs to the American people if Asia devolved into conflict—something that is far more likely to occur in the absence of sustained U.S. leadership there. The next administration will be charged with continuing to expand our network of relationships beyond our core alliances, building on the historic opportunities we’ve created to support the democratic transition in Burma (also called Myanmar), deepen ties with Vietnam, manage relations with China, expand the strategic partnership with India, and work with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to advance a rules-based order. And because Asia is home to half the world’s population and many of the world’s fastest-growing markets, we simply cannot afford to ignore the economic opportunities there. That’s why securing the Trans-Pacific Partnership remains a top priority for our administration. The 12 economies of the tpp account for 30 percent of global trade, 40 percent of global gdp, and 50 percent of projected global economic September/October 2016 49
Joseph R. Biden, Jr. growth. Thanks to U.S. leadership, the deal includes provisions that will raise international standards for the protection of workers’ rights, the environment, and intellectual property. Absent these rules, the region will likely witness a race to the bottom in the form of weak, low-standard regional trade agreements that exclude the United States. This deal is as much about geopolitics as economics: when it comes to trade, maritime security in the South China Sea, or nuclear nonpro liferation in Northeast Asia, the United States has to take the lead in writing and enforcing the rules of the road, or else we will leave a vacuum that our competitors will surely rush to fill. MANAGING REGIONAL POWERS Indeed, in nearly every part of the world, the United States contends with regional powers that have an enormous capacity to contribute to the international order—or to undermine it. Much will rest on how America chooses to lead. Nowhere is this truer than in our relationship with China. The United States and China are the world’s two largest economies, so our fates are inescapably intertwined. President Obama and I have sought to define this relationship through enhanced cooperation and responsible competition. We have found common ground with Beijing and made historic progress to address such global challenges as climate change, pandemic disease, poverty, and nuclear proliferation. At the same time, we have stood firm on such issues as human rights, intellectual property, and freedom of navigation. This balancing act will only grow more difficult in the context of China’s economic slowdown and the worrying steps Beijing is taking to reverse course on more than three decades of economic reform and opening up to the world. As a result, the next administration will have to steer a relationship with China that encompasses both breakthrough cooperation and, potentially, intensified competition. And sometimes, as when facing the mounting threat from North Korea, cooperation and competition with China will coexist. The notion that it will be all one or the other is shortsighted and self-defeating. The same is true with regard to Russia, with which the United States should continue to pursue a policy that combines the urgent need for deterrence, on the one hand, with the prudent pursuit of tactical cooperation and strategic stability, on the other. Russia’s illegal attempt to annex Crimea and its continued aggression in eastern Ukraine violate 50 foreign affairs
“Through Duke’s public policy school I’m discovering new pathways I didn’t even know existed where I can have real impact.” Amy Bowen, MPP’17 U.S. Army, Tillman Scholar PHD IN PUBLIC POLICY Conduct Research That Matters Balancing depth in a discipline and focus in a policy subject area, and offering individualized mentoring from leading scholars. MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY Lead Innovation in Public Policy Providing outstanding preparation for dynamic careers as analysts and leaders in government, nonprofits and corporations worldwide. MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY Build Capacity in Developing Countries Equipping graduates to foster social, political, and economic growth through a self-designed course of study. GENEVA PROGRAM ON GLOBAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE (SUMMER) Learn from Top Global Policy Practitioners Providing unparalleled access to UN and other major global health, humanitarian and environmental institutions through a unique combination of a summer internship and an intensive course. sanford.duke.edu Rigorous Analysis, Inspired Action
Oxford University Press, 2015 Oxford University Press/Hurst,2016 Yale University Press, 2016 Oxford University Press/Hurst,2016 Oxford University Press/Hurst,2014 Oxford University Press/Hurst,2014 Cornell University Press, 2015 Oxford University Press/Hurst,2012 Forthcoming Books from CIRS Arab Migrant Communities in the GCC Gateways to the World: Port Cities in the Persian Gulf Edited by Zahra Babar Edited by Mehran Kamrava Oxford University Press/Hurst, 2016 Oxford University Press/Hurst, 2016 Transitional Justice in the Middle East Inside the Islamic Republic: Social Change in and North Africa Post-Khomeini Iran Edited by Chandra Sriram Edited by Mahmood Monshipouri Oxford University Press/Hurst, 2016 Oxford University Press/Hurst, 2016 The Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) at Georgetown University-Qatar is a premier research institute devoted to the academic study of regional and international issues through dialogue and exchange of ideas, research and scholarship, and engagement with scholars, opinion makers, practitioners, and activists. To contribute to the existing body of knowledge on issues related to the Persian Gulf region and the Middle East, CIRS sponsors empirically-based research initiatives and publishes original books in these areas. cirs.georgetown.edu
Building on Success foundational principles of the post–Cold War order: sovereignty and the inviolability of borders in Europe. In response, we have rallied our allies in Europe and elsewhere to impose real costs on Moscow, making clear that this pressure will continue until Russia upholds its commitments under the agreements reached in Minsk aimed at ending the conflict. Meanwhile, the combination of our $3.4 billion European Reassurance Initiative and nato’s new forward deployments in Poland and the Baltics will strengthen our European allies and provide a bulwark against further Russian aggression. For years, we’ve also encouraged Europe Sometimes, cooperation to spend more on defense and to diversify and competition with its energy supplies in order to reduce its susceptibility to coercion. Now we’re China will coexist. starting to see progress on these fronts. And the next administration should redouble the United States’ commitment to strengthening nato and our partnership with the eu, even as London and Brussels negotiate their ongoing relationship. Investing in the core institutions of the West does not require reverting back to simplistic Cold War thinking, however. The United States should remain open to cooperation with Russia where our interests overlap, as we demonstrated with the Iran nuclear deal, as well as with the New start agreement on nuclear weapons. It is also difficult to envision how the war in Syria will ultimately end without some modus vivendi between Washington and Moscow. And as new military technologies raise the stakes of miscalculation and escalation, we will need functional and stable channels with Russia to clearly communicate our intentions and maintain strategic stability. There’s an appealing moral clarity in dividing the world into friend and foe. But in reality, progress in international affairs so often demands working with those with whom we do not see eye to eye. That’s why our administration seized the possibility to move beyond three decades of conflict with Iran to lock in a nuclear agreement. Tehran is neither a friend nor a partner. But our willingness to break taboos and engage the regime directly, combined with our success in mobilizing unprece dented international pressure on Iran to negotiate, peacefully removed one of the greatest threats to global security: the specter of Iran gaining a nuclear weapon. One year on, the deal speaks for itself: the agreement is working. Iran has verifiably removed two-thirds of its centrifuges, shipped out September/October 2016 51
Joseph R. Biden, Jr. of the country 98 percent of its low-enriched uranium (enough for about ten nuclear weapons), removed the core of its plutonium reactor at Arak and filled it with cement, and provided international inspectors unprecedented access to its entire nuclear supply chain to ensure compliance. The deal blocks every pathway through which Iran might seek to develop nuclear weapons, while opening up the possibility for further engagement withTehran down the road if the regime moderates its behavior. Tearing up the deal now, as some have proposed, would leave Iran’s nuclear program unconstrained, increase the threat to Israel and our partners in the Gulf, turn the international community against the United States, and sharply raise the prospect of another major war in the Middle East. Critics of engagement should remember that the nuclear deal was never meant to resolve all our problems with Tehran. Engaging Iran need not come at the expense of our ironclad commitments to our allies and partners in the Middle East, including Israel. The United States has retained all the means necessary, including targeted sanctions, to hold Iran accountable for its ballistic missile activities, support for terrorism, and human rights violations, and we are committed to working with our allies and partners to push back against Iran’s destabilizing behavior. TACKLING TRANSNATIONAL CHALLENGES Transnational threats such as pathogens, environmental disruptions, computer viruses, and malicious ideologies don’t respect borders. Even in simpler times, isolationism never offered more than a false sense of security. And now, more than ever, we cannot wall ourselves off from these dangers or sit back and wait for others to solve the world’s problems for us. As the columnist Thomas Friedman aptly wrote, “If you don’t visit a bad neighborhood, it might visit you.” We’ve learned that true security requires finding solutions that span borders, as when we rallied the world to address the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014. In the face of a terrifying disease, we resisted hysterical calls for quarantines and travel bans and instead followed the science. We drew on all our strengths, from our military to our health- care and development professionals. And with tireless diplomacy, we brought the world along with us to provide urgent, coordinated assistance that ultimately saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Beyond Ebola, we have made significant investments and built new partnerships to fight hiv/aids, turn the tide against malaria, and improve 52 foreign affairs
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