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Home Explore ยุทธศาสตร์การบริหารอปท.ยุคโลกาภิวัฒน์

ยุทธศาสตร์การบริหารอปท.ยุคโลกาภิวัฒน์

Published by J มากสาระ, 2022-02-07 06:46:18

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¥»š›«µ­˜¦r„µ¦¦·®µ¦šo°Š™É·œ¥»‡Ã¨„µ£·ª´˜œr Strategic Management for the Globalization of Local Government ›Áœ« Á„nŠÁ„¸¥¦˜·¥´  ª¦¦–µ¦´˜œr °«´ ªÁ—µµ¥š» ›r ®‡ª– ¼Á¡È ¨³ ­¤Á‹˜œr ¡œ´ ›»Ã‰¬·˜ Tanet Kengkeatchai, Wannarat Atsawadechachanyuth, Hakuan Choopen and Somjet Pantukosit ®¨„´ ­¼˜¦¦´“ž¦³«µ­œ«µ­˜¦r—»¬‘¸–´ ”·˜ ¤®µª·š¥µ¨¥´ Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸¦µ¤Š‡¨¦´˜œÃ„­·œš¦r Doctor of Public Administration Program, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin š‡´—¥n° š‡ªµ¤ª·µ„µ¦Á¦ºÉ°Š¥š» ›«µ­˜¦r„´ „µ¦¦·®µ¦š°o Š™·Éœ¥‡» 脵£·ª˜´ œr ÁžÈ œŠµœª·µ„µ¦š¸É„¨nµª™¹Š‡ªµ¤­µÎ ‡´ …°Š„µ¦¦·®µ¦š°o Š™·ÉœÄœ¥»‡Ã¨„µ£·ª˜´ œr ץčo¥»š›«µ­˜¦rÁžÈ œÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š¤º°Äœ„µ¦¦·®µ¦ Ĝ…–³š¸É脞´‹‹»œ´ ¤¸ Áž¨É¸¥œÂž¨ŠÁžÈ œ°¥µn Фµ„ ®µ„š°o ЙɷœÄ—­µ¤µ¦™ž¦´˜ª´ Ä®­o °—‡¨°o Š„´ „¦³Â­Ã¨„µ£·ª˜´ œrŗo ‹³­nŠŸ¨Ä®oš°o Йɷœ œÊœ´ ­µ¤µ¦™¡•´ œµ˜œÁ°ŠÂ¨³Â…nŠ…œ´ ŗÄo œ°œµ‡˜ ĜšµŠ˜¦Š…µo ¤®µ„š°o ЙɷœÄ—Ťn˜¦³®œ„´ ¨³Å¤n¡¦o°¤¦´„¦³Â­ 脵£ª· ˜´ œ°r ¥µn Ц¼oÁšµn šœ´ ‹³Á„·—ž´®µ˜µ¤¤µ¤µ„¤µ¥‹œšµÎ Ä®Åo ¤­n µ¤µ¦™—µÎ ¦Š‡ªµ¤ÁžÈœš°o Š™œ·É °¥Ån¼ —°o ¥µn ФœÉ´ ‡ŠÂ¨³¥ŠÉ´ ¥œº —Š´ œÊœ´ „µ¦„µÎ ®œ—¥š» ›«µ­˜¦r¨³„µ¦¦·®µ¦š°o ЙɷœÄ®o¤¸ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡Â¨³ž¦³­·š›·Ÿ¨ ­µ¤µ¦™šÉ¸‹³­œ°Š˜°˜n° ‡ªµ¤ ˜°o Š„µ¦…°Šž¦³µœ°¥µn ŠšŠÉ´ ™¹Š ÁžÈœ›¦¦¤ °¥µn Š¥Š´É ¥œº Ĝ¦·š…°Š„µ¦¤¸­nªœ¦nª¤£µ‡ž¦³µœšµŠ„µ¦Á¤º°Š ¨³…°o ‹µÎ „—´ —µo œš¦´¡¥µ„¦„µ¦¦·®µ¦£µ¥ ʄo ¦³Â­‡ªµ¤Áž¨É¸¥œÂž¨Š ¥‡» 脵£·ª˜´ œr š¸É„µÎ ¨Š´ šª¸‡ªµ¤Á…¤o …œo °¥µn Š ˜n°ÁœÉº°ŠœÊœ´ „¨µ¥ÁžÈœÁ¦Éº°ŠšÉ¸šµo 𵥇ªµ¤­µ¤µ¦™…°ŠŸ¼o ¦·®µ¦š°o Š™·Éœš¸É‹³˜°o ŠÁŸ·°¥µn Ц¼oÁšnµšœ´ ˜¨°—‹œž¦´Áž¨¸É¥œ „¦³ªœš«´ œr„µ¦¦·®µ¦‹—´ „µ¦Ä®o­µ¤µ¦™„µo ªŸµn œ°»ž­¦¦‡˜nµŠ Ç —ªo ¥‡ªµ¤¤œ´É ċ¤º°°µ¸¡ ‡Îµ­Îµ‡´ ¥š» ›«µ­˜¦r „µ¦¦·®µ¦š°o Š™·Éœ ¥‡» 脵£·ª˜´ œr Abstract The article on “Strategic Management for Globalization of Local Government” intends to pin point the importance of the local administration in the era of globalization by using strategic management as a tool. In the meantime, if any local government can adapt to the current globalization and rapid changes in the world, it will contribute to local development and can compete in the future. By contrast, if a local government does not recognize the changes that come with globalization, then inevitably there will be serious consequences. Therefore, Strategic Management for Globalization of Local Government, will be able to meet the needs of the people bringing about a fair and sustainable outcome. Through the context of people’s participation and the limits of local resources, the changes in globalization become a challenge for local administrators to cope with but can keep up the pace with those changes confidently and professionally. Keywords: strategic management, local government, globalization  ($8 +(5,7$*( -2851$/ 7PM  /P  .BZ\"VHVTU  6RFLDO 6FLHQFH DQG +XPDQLW\\





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