orthdox magazine caliph

‑tZ-i‑o-b h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-\\-b‑w c-ï‑m-b‑n-c-¯‑n -a‑p-¸-‑tX‑m-‑sS A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ ZÀ-i-\\‑w. K-‑th-j-W-h‑p‑w a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]-c-a‑m- h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k A-h-I‑m-i \\‑n-b- \\-b-‑tc-J-b‑n-‑se _‑m-¡‑n ‑tI- b‑n \\-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b ‑te‑m-‑tI‑m- a‑w _‑m-[-I-a‑m-I‑p-‑sa-¶‑v h‑n-Z‑y‑m- {µ‑o-I‑r-X k-a‑o-]-\\-‑sa-¶-X‑v ¯-c \\‑n-e-h‑m-c-a‑p-Å Ø‑m-]- `‑y‑m-k- \\-b‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. ]‑p-c‑m-X-\\ ]‑u-c‑m-W‑n-I C-´‑y- \\-§-f‑m-b A-£-\\‑n-e, \\-f-µ, F-¶‑m A-X‑n-\\‑v A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ ‑sb-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v a‑m-{X-a‑m-W‑v. h‑n-{I-a-i‑n-e, h-Ã-`‑n F-¶‑n-h -k‑u-I-c‑y-§Ä, k‑u-P-\\‑y ]‑mT- A-X-Ã‑m-‑sX C-´‑y³ \\-‑th‑m- B-X‑n-X‑y-a-c‑p-f‑n-b-X‑v ‑te‑m-I-¯‑n- ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä, b‑q-W‑n-‑t^‑m‑w, °‑m-\\-‑s¯ ]-ä‑n-‑tb‑m, k‑z‑m-X- ‑sâ ]-e `‑m-K-¯‑p-\\‑n-¶‑p-a‑p-Å D-¨-`-£-W- ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n, ]T-‑t\\‑m- {´-k-a-c-I‑m-e-‑s¯ I‑p-d‑n-‑t¨‑m, h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-Y‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w, K-‑th-j- ]-I-c-W-§Ä A-[‑y‑m-]-I ]-c‑n- ‑t\\-X‑m-¡-‑sf-‑tb‑m, ‑tZ-i‑o-b IÀ-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. `‑m-c-X‑o-b i‑o-e-\\‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-‑sb-Ã‑m‑w {]-Ø‑m-\\‑w a‑p-‑t¶‑m-«‑p ‑sh-¨ N‑n- h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\\‑w {]‑o ‑s‑s{]-a-d‑n a‑p-X ´‑m-[‑m-c-I-‑sf k‑w-_-Ô‑n-‑t¨‑m, N-c-I³, k‑p-{i‑p-X³, B-c‑y- l-bÀ ‑sk- ¡³- c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v c‑q-]-‑s¸-«‑v h-¶ a-‑tX- `-S³, h-c‑m-l-a‑n-l‑n-c³, `‑m-k- U-d‑n h-‑sc X-c k‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c-‑s¯ ]-ä‑n-‑tb‑m ‑v-I-c‑m-N‑m-c‑yÀ, {_-Ò-K‑p-]‑v-X³, D-d-¸‑p- A-Ã. N-c‑n-{X-]-c-a‑m-b‑n C-\\‑n-b‑p‑w N‑m-W-I‑y³ F-¶‑n-§-‑s\\ ‑te‑m- h-c‑p- ‑sX-f‑n-b‑n-¡-‑s¸-«‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯-X‑p‑w I-h‑n-Ú‑m-\\-¯‑n-\\‑p a-l-¯‑m-b ‑t¯-ï- a‑n-¯‑n-¡Â k‑z-`‑m-h-a‑p-Å-X‑p- k‑w-`‑m-h-\\-IÄ \\Â-I‑n-b A-‑t\\- X‑p-ï‑v. a‑m-b {]‑m-N‑o-\\ Ø‑m-]-\\-§-‑sf- I‑w ]-Þ‑n-X-·‑m-‑sc k‑r-ã‑n-¨‑p. b‑p‑w, h‑y-à‑n-I-‑sf-b‑p‑w C‑u k-¼-¶-a‑m-b ‑s‑s]-X‑r-I‑w k‑w-c-£‑n-¡-‑s¸-S‑p- ‑tc-J A-h-X-c‑n- ¸n¡‑- p‑- I-b‑p‑w ‑t]‑m-j‑n- ¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-¶-X‑n- ‑s\\‑m-¸‑w ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑n-Z‑y‑m- `‑y‑m-k k‑w-h‑n-[‑m- \\-¯‑n-\\‑v {]-‑tb‑m-P-\\-‑s¸- S‑p-¶-X‑n-‑te-¡‑m-b‑v K-‑th-j- C-X‑n-\\-h- ¶-X‑v W‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-I-b‑p‑w, ‑sa-¨-‑s¸-S‑p- i‑y-a‑m-b ]-W‑w F-§- I‑m-W‑p-I. {]‑m-N‑o-\\ ¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w ‑th-W‑w. ‑s\\ I-‑sï-¯‑p-‑sa-¶-X‑n-\\‑v `‑m-c-X-¯‑n h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-‑sa- \\-b-¯‑n b‑m-‑sX‑m-c‑p h‑n-i-Z‑o-I- ¶-X‑v P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p-Å a‑p-‑s¶‑m- {]‑m-N‑o-\\ A-d‑n-h‑p-I- c-W-h‑p-a‑n-Ã. c‑p-¡‑w F-¶ \\‑n-e-b‑n-e-Ã, ‑sf-Ã‑m‑w b-Y‑mÀ-° i‑m-k‑v-{X-a‑m- A-l-¯‑n-‑sâ ]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b ‑sW-¶‑v h-c‑p-¯‑n-¯‑oÀ-¡‑m³ `‑m-c-X ‑tI-{µ‑o-I‑r-X k‑m-£‑m-X‑v-I‑m-c‑w F-¶ \\‑n-e- {i-a‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w, ]‑u-c‑m-W‑n-I h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k k-{¼-Z‑m-b-a‑m-W‑v b‑n-e‑m-W‑v I‑m-W-‑s¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-‑s¯ ‑s]‑m-X‑p aÄ-«‑n U‑n-k‑n-Ã-\\-d‑n ]T-\\-h‑p‑w, h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n A-h-X-c‑n- ¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-]-I-S-I-c-a‑m-b N-c‑n-{X h‑m-b-\\‑m c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v. 51

{S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p- ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. A-X‑n-\\‑p-‑th-ï‑n k‑w-Ø‑m-\\-§-f‑p-‑sS A-[‑n-I‑m- ¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n a-‑sä‑m-c‑p `‑m-j-b‑v-¡‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-¯ c‑m-h-I‑m-i-§-‑sf X-IÀ-¡‑p-h‑m- {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p- {]‑m-[‑m-\\‑y‑w k‑w-k-‑vI‑r-X-¯‑n-\\‑v \\‑p‑w c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-‑sâ ‑s^-U-d ¯‑n {]‑m-]‑y-X-b‑p‑w IÂ-¸‑n-¨‑p \\Â-I‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. a‑m- k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\\-‑s¯ X-IÀ-¡‑p-¶- (Acce‑s‑s) X‑p-e‑y-X- {X-a-à C-´‑y-b‑n-‑se a‑p-g‑p-h³ X‑p-a‑m-I‑p‑w. b‑p‑w {S‑p-¯‑n {]‑m-]‑y- h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-Y‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w C‑u `‑m-j X-b‑p‑w (Acce‑s‑s) A-S‑n-‑t¨Â-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. \\-b-‑tc-J-b‑n-‑se C-´‑y X‑p-e‑y-X-b‑p‑w {S‑p-¯‑n ‑tI-{µ‑o-I‑r-X k-a‑o-]-\\-‑sa-¶-X‑v {]‑m-]‑y-X-b‑p‑w (A) k‑w-k-‑vI‑r-X-¯‑n-\\‑p ]‑p-c‑m-X-\\ C-´‑y-‑sb I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p X‑p-e‑y-X-b‑p‑w {S‑p-¯‑n \\Â-I‑p-¶ A-a‑n-X-{]‑m-[‑m-\\‑y‑w a‑m-{X-a‑m-W‑v. C-´‑y³ \\-‑th‑m- {]‑m-Acce‑s‑s) X‑p-e‑y- a-d-¨‑v ‑sh-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\\‑p ‑th-ï‑n °‑m-\\-‑s¯ ]-ä‑n-‑tb‑m k‑z‑m-X- a-ä‑p C-´‑y³ `‑m-j-I-‑sf-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v {´‑y k-a-c-I‑m-e-‑s¯ I‑p-d‑n- X-b‑p‑w {]-X‑n-]‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-‑sï-¶-X‑v b‑m- ‑t¨‑m, ‑tZ-i‑o-b {]-Ø‑m-\\-§Ä Y‑mÀ-°‑y-a‑m-W‑v. C-§-‑s\\ k‑w- a‑p-‑t¶‑m-«‑p-‑sh-¨ N‑n-´m[‑m-c-I- A-h ]‑mT‑y-]-²-X‑n-b‑n DÄ- k-‑vI‑r-X ]T-\\‑w \\‑nÀ-_-Ô‑n-X- ‑sf I‑p-d‑n-‑t¨‑m, A-¡‑m-e-‑s¯ ‑s¸-S‑p-¯-W-‑sa-¶‑p‑w A-¯-c‑w a‑m-I‑p-‑t¼‑mÄ \\-½‑p-‑sS \\‑m-«‑n k‑w-`‑m-h-\\-I-‑sf I‑p-d‑n-‑t¨‑m, b‑m- h‑n-j-b-§-f‑n K-‑th-j-W‑w \\‑n-e-\\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ A-d-_‑n-I‑v ‑sX‑m-c‑p ]-c‑m-aÀ-i-h‑p-a‑n-Ã. a‑m-{X- ‑t{]‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¡-W-‑sa-¶‑v I‑q- D-d‑p-Z‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b `‑m-j-I-f‑p-‑sS a-à C-´‑y³ `-c-W-L-S-\\-b‑p-‑sS S‑n ‑tZ-i‑o-b-\\-b‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑n ]T-\\‑w A-\\‑n-Ý‑n-X-X‑z-¯‑n-e‑m-I‑p- A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\-i‑n-e-I-f‑m-b P-\\‑m- \\‑n-¶‑p‑w \\-b-\\‑nÀ-½‑m-X‑m-¡-f‑p-‑sS ‑ta‑m? [‑n-]-X‑y-þ-‑tk‑m-j‑y-e‑n-Ì‑v a-‑tX-X- e-£‑y-h‑p‑w k‑z-`‑m-hp-‑w h‑y-à- c-X‑z I‑m-g‑v-N-¸‑m-S‑p-I-‑sf-]-ä‑n 464 a‑m-W‑v. C-´‑y³ ]‑u-c‑m-W‑n-I ‑t]-P‑p-Å I-c-S‑v d‑n-‑t¸‑mÀ-«‑n-‑te‑m k‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w ‑s‑s]-X‑r- 60 ‑t]-P‑p-Å A-´‑n-a d‑n-‑t¸‑mÀ- {]‑m-N‑o-\\ C-´‑y³ I-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w {]‑m-[‑m-\\‑y‑w \\Â-I‑n «‑n-‑te‑m b‑m-‑sX‑m-c‑p ]-c‑m-aÀ-i-h‑p- k‑w-k-‑vI‑m-c-¯‑n-\\‑v G-‑sd k‑w-`‑m- B-d‑v a‑p-X F-«‑v h-‑sc-b‑p-Å a‑n-Ã. h-\\-IÄ \\Â-I‑n-b _‑p-², ‑s‑sP- ¢‑m-k‑p-I-f‑n [‑mÀ-a‑n-I a‑q-e‑y-] \\ h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k k-{¼-Z‑m-b-‑s¯ T-\\‑w \\Â-I-W-‑sa-¶‑p‑w, ‑th-Z‑n-I‑v N‑p-c‑p-¡-¯‑n ‑tI-{µ l‑n-µ‑p {_‑m-Ò-W ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y- I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n-‑se ]T-\\-c‑o-X‑n K-h¬-‑saâ‑v ‑t\\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n a‑m-b‑n h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m-\\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v ‑t{]‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¡-W-‑sa-¶‑p‑w \\‑n-c-´-c-a‑m-b‑n \\-S-¶‑p-h-c‑p-¶ ‑sN-¿‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑m-{X-a-à k‑m‑w- ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k \\-b‑w h‑y- H-c‑p c‑m-{ã‑w H-c‑p ‑sX-c-‑sª- k-‑vI‑m-c‑n-I ‑tZ-i‑o-b-X-b‑n-‑te-¡‑v à-a‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. S‑p-¸‑v , G-I k‑n-h‑n ‑tI‑m-U‑v, ]‑u-c‑m-W‑n-I _‑n‑w-_-§-f‑p-‑sS H-c‑p h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k h‑y-h-Ø {]-‑tb‑m-K-hÂ-¡-c-W k‑m-[‑y- G-I-i‑n-e‑m k-a‑m-\\- H-c‑p I-c‑n-¡‑p-e‑w F-¶ G-I‑o- X-IÄ \\-b-‑tc-J h‑y-à-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-I‑p-¶ ‑tI-{µ‑o-I‑r-X I‑m-g‑v-N- I‑r-X k-a‑o-]-\\-¯‑n D‑u-¶‑p- ¸‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p-‑sS k-a‑m-l‑m-c-a‑m-W‑v ¶-X‑p‑w, h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-‑ ta-J-e-b‑n- ]‑p-X‑n-b ‑tZ-i‑o-b \\-b‑w. I-c‑n- ‑se ‑s^-U-d k-a‑o-]-\\-‑s¯ ¡‑p-e‑w ]‑mT‑y-]-²-X‑n, ]‑mT-]‑p- X-IÀ-¯‑p I-f-b‑p-¶-X-a‑m-b k‑v-X-I-§Ä F-¶‑n-h-‑sb-Ã‑m‑w A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-I k-a-{K‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y- C-\\‑n ‑tI-{µ kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-‑sâ ¯‑n-‑sâ `‑m-j-b‑m-W‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b ‑t\\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑p‑w. \\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-‑se C-´‑y³ ‑tZ-i‑o-b C-X‑v h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k h‑y-h-Ø- h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k \\-b‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n- ‑tb-b‑p‑w \\-b-k-a‑o-]-\\-§-‑sf- ¡‑p-¶-X‑v.... b‑p‑w [-\\-h‑n-\\‑n-‑tb‑m-K-‑s¯-b‑p‑w G-I‑m-ß-a‑m-I‑p-‑sa-¶‑v a‑m-{X-a-Ã, 52 52

of expBliecnitefcaocntvioenyance Nida Jabeen I guess we are all familiar with we have experienced as students infor- the disturbing repetition of complaints mal mounting while ignoring what we about education nowadays. Restless have learned as the contributors of life. students, teacher burnout, and turnover, poor test scores, failure to keep up with We believe that convention- technological changes, inadequate and al pedagogy is the natural order of equal funding, and a lack of relevance to things, perhaps the only possible struc- either the current life of students or their ture to run an educational system. future as both citizens and workers. Teaching has become just a devoir and There are a lot of issues related to these scoring has become an irrelevant thing incomplete lists of complaints which is to do for the actual life of the students, neither a single cause nor an easy solu- much less a necessity to the needs of tion. But one thing that appeals to more a larger society. Students are learning attention is how we conceive the very as the teachers had learned from their process of teaching and learning. We academic life, which is bygone. Many all have that impulse to expect a bet- institutions are not even ready to en- ter education by following the pattern gage with new concepts and experi- 53

ments in the educational system believing that it’s not worth the short. But little did they know that the results will be a marvelous substitution in the system with better reflections of the students. A teacher could change the whole system. There is no resistance to the fact that an educator is more than he/she is teaching rather they are what they manifest. As Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam said: “Teaching is the very noble profession that shapes the character caliber and future of an individual. If the people remember me as a good teacher that will be the biggest honor for me”. It is a privilege for a teacher which also burdens their responsibility towards the society. Subsequent- ly when someone can be with the students not as their teacher, but as their men- tor there goes the explicit conveyance of life. 54

Life Hamdan Hashim Life feels like a trampoline Full of ups and downs So much I intended to lean , So much I wished to dawn Life feels like a rust Waiting to be gushed out by a hose Into the edge of the dust ( it ain’t worth living a crust) Viewers , please remember, on my tomb lies your rose 55

]pXnb Imes¯ hnZym`ymkhpw, aq-ey-NypXnbpw _n³bmao³ kJm^n hnZym`ymk¯n\\v \\nÀÆN\\w sImSp¡Â Hcp {]bmkapÅ ImcyamW.v \\½Ä ]ïpapXte tIÄ¡p¶ Hcp \\nÀhN\\amWv, Hcp Ipªp Im«mfs\\ Hcp a\\pjy\\mbn Pohn¡m³ ]Tn¸n¡pI F¶X.v Cu \\nÀhN\\¯n [mcmfw sXäpIfpïv. B \\nÀhN\\s¯ hniZoIc‑ n¡p¶Xnt\\m AXsæn AXn\\pÅ t]mcmbvaIÄ ]dbp¶Xnt\\m \\n¶m s]s«¶v a\\Ênem¡m³ km[yaÃ. hnZym`ymkanÃm¯ Hcp kaql¯nepïmIp¶ {]iv\\§Ä Fs´Ãmw? AXpt]mse hnZym`ym‑ kapÅ kaql¯n\\pÅ t\\«§Ä Fs´ms¡? Ch cïpw icn¡pw a\\Ênem¡nbm hnZym`ymk¯nsâ {]m[m\\yhpw AXnsâ KpWh‑ pw AXnÃm¯Xnsâ {]iv\\§fpw a\\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡pw. AXn‑ eqsS hnZym`ymk¯nsâ bYmÀ° \\nÀhN\\¯nepw \\ap¡v F¯m³ Ignbpw. ]t£ C¶v hnZym`ymkw ]qÀ®ambpw tPmen¡v thï kÀ«n^n¡äpIÄ¡v thïn am{XamWv F¶p ]dªm Hcp sXäpanÃ. AXn\\v [mcmfw sXfnhpIÄ \\½Ä C¶pw IïpsImïncn¡p¶p. temI¯v Gähpw IqSpX hnZym`ymkapÅ kvYew GXmWv F¶v tNmZn¨m s]s«¶v a\\pjy a\\ÊnÂhcp¶ Hcp cmPyamWv Atacn¡. CâÀs\\än skÀ¨v sNbvXmepw \\ap¡v C¯c¯nsemcp dnkÄ«v In«p¶Xmbncn¡pw. ]t£ sXmenbpsS \\nd¯nsâ t]cn [mcmfw {]iv\\§Ä \\S¡p¶ Hcp kvYeamWv Atacn¡. \\½psS C´ybn Gähpw henb hnZym`ymkapÅ BfpIÄ F¶dnbn¡p¶ Hcp taJeb‑ mWv sFFFk,v sF]nFkv. ]t£ Cu taJebn hsc C¶v aX‑ ¯nsâbpw PmXnbpsSbpw t]cv ]dªp X½n XÃn \\S¡p¶XmWv 56

ImWp¶X.v hnZym`ymkapÅ {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p- WXv. hnZym`ymk¯nsâ Hcp Hcp kaql¯n Pohn¡m³ ¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n aqe[\\amWv [mÀ½nI aqeyw. hfsc kpJIcambncn¡pw {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p- AXnÃm¯ hnZym`ymkw F¶XmWv hnZym`ym‑ ¯‑n {]‑m-]‑y-X-b‑p‑w sImïv kaql¯n\\v k¯nsâ kmaqly]camb (Acce‑s‑s) X‑p-e‑y-X- t\\«apïmhnÃ. adn¨v B ] Hcp t\\«w. ]t£, C¶s¯ b‑p‑w {S‑p-¯‑n {]‑m-]‑y- T\\w sImïv kaql¯n hnZym`ymkw sImïv CXv X-b‑p‑w (Acce‑s‑s) Xn·IÄ hfÀ¯m³ am{Xam‑ km[yamtWm? F®n¸dª X‑p-e‑y-X-b‑p‑w {S‑p-¯‑n Wv km[n¡pI. XoÀ¨bmb‑ cmPy§Ä Hs¶Sp¯p ] {]‑m-]‑y-X-b‑p‑w (A) pw \\½psS hnZym`ymk cntim[n¨p t\\m¡q. hn‑ X‑p-e‑y-X-b‑p‑w {S‑p-¯‑n taJeIÄ Agn¨p ] Zym`ymkapÅhcmWv hn‑ {]‑m-Acce‑s‑s) X‑p-e‑y- WntbïXpï.v hnZy Zym`ymkanÃm¯htc¡mÄ DÅbmfpw CÃm¯bm‑ IqSpX {]iv\\§Ä X-b‑p‑w fpw X½nepÅ A´cw krãn¨psImïncn¡p¶X.v AhcpsS kz`mh¯n \\à hnZym`ymkapÅ Hcp mSv F§s\\ s]cpamdW‑ \\n¶v hyàamIWw. tUmÎÀ Xsâ ap¼n sat¶m C¶v hnZym`ymk B cq]¯nepÅ Hcp hcp¶ tcmKnsb Abmf‑ {]{Inbbn e`n¡p¶nÃ. hnZym`ymk taJe, psS AdnhnÃmbva F§s\\ F¶p am{Xaà hnZym`ym‑ Asæn hnZym`ymk NqjWw sN¿mw F¶v a\\ kanÃm¯ AYhm \\½Ä Icn¡pew XoÀ¨bmbpw Ênem¡n AhnsS s]cpam‑ a\\Ênem¡p¶ hnZym`ym‑ DïmtIïnbncn¡p¶p. dp¶p AXpt]mse¯s¶ kanÃm¯ BfpIfpsS CSb‑ a\\pjys\\ a\\pjy\\ Hcp h¡o AbmÄ Xsâ n s]cpamtdïX,v AhtcmSv mbn Xncn¨dnbm\\pw ap¼n tIkn\\p thïn kwkmcnt¡ïXv, Ahsc FhnsS Ft¸mÄ F´v hcp¶ HcmfpsS I¿n kzoIcnt¡ïXv, Ahsc F§s\\ sN¿Ww F¶ \\n¶v X\\n¡v IqSpX ^okv amt\\Pv sN¿p¶Xv, XpS§nb Adnhpw FÃmhÀ¡pw In«p¶ Xc¯nte¡v B Imcy§Ä hnZym`ymkw In«p¶ cq]¯nemI‑ tIkns\\ sImïpt]mIp¶p. Ipdª BfpIfnemWv Ww. Cu cq]¯nte¡v ssI¡qen¡pthïn hÀ¡v IqSpX \\nehmc¯n hnZym`ymks¯ amäm³ sN¿p¶ t]meokpImcpa‑ ImWp¶X.v AXn \\n¶v \\ap¡v IgnbWw. pïv.­ CXns\\ms¡ Np¡m³ a\\ÊnemIp¶Xv hnZym`ym‑ Ct¸mgs¯ hn±ym`ym‑ ]nSn¡p¶ a{´namcn ] k¯n Ft´m H¶v \\ k¯n in£n¡pI eÀ¡pw Hcp hnZym`ymkha‑ ãs¸«n«pïv F¶mWv F¶pÅXv FSp¯p If‑ nà F¶pÅXpw F{Xtbm AYhm, hnZym`ymk¯n‑ ªn«pï.v kXy¯nÂ, kXyamWv. hnZym`ymk‑ eqsS a\\pjy³ t\\tSï in£ Int«ï kvYe¯v sa¶Xv ]Wapïm¡m\\ bYmÀ°amb aqey§Ä in£bpw A\\ptamZ\\w pÅ Hcp amÀKw am{Xambn C¶v \\ãs¸SpIbmWv e`nt¡ï­ kvYe¯v amdp¶pï.v Npcp¡¯n ] F´psImïv CXv \\ A\\ptamZ\\hpw In«p¶ dªm B[p\\nI temI¯v ãs¸Sp¶p F¶pÅXmWv cq]¯nte¡v \\½psS hnZym`ymkw F¶v ]db‑ a\\Ênemt¡ïX.v [mÀanI hn±ym`ymk taJe amt‑ p¶Xv ]Wapïm¡m\\pw hnZym`ymk¯nsâ A`mham dïXpï.v am\\pjnI kÀ«n^n¡äpIfpïm¡m\\ aqey§sf apdpsI ] papÅ Hcp ^mÎdn am{Xam‑ nSn¨n«pÅ Hcp hnZym`ymk W.v a\\pjyXztam a\\pjyt\\ knkväw \\ap¡v AXymhi‑ yamWv F¶p Npcp¡w. 57

Im¯ncn¸n³ \\mfpIÄ apl½Zv- ssI^v- Rms\\¶ ]qhns\\ sXm«v XtemSn \\o, F¶nse CXfpIsf at\\mlcþ amw hÀ®§fm¡n \\o Ft§ms«¶nÃmsX bm{Xbmbn \\o. s]mSp¶s\\sb¶nXfpIÄ hmSn XpS§nbnXm. \\o X¶tbm À½IÄ Abhnd¡n Rm\\nXm \\n¶nse ]qÀ® N{µs\\ Im¬Ibmbv. \\n³ \\Kv\\ t\\{X§Ä F³ ta\\nbn ]Xnª \\mÄ, ad¡phm³ IgnbnsÃm cn¡epw ie`ta.. Imesa{X ]d¶I¶mepw icn, \\n\\¡mbv- Rm\\nXmsb³ hkXnbn Im¯ncn¸q. Im¯ncn¸n³ \\mfpIÄ F{XXs¶bmbmepw £oWnX\\mbn Rms\\mcn¡epw aS§pInÃ. 58

DZym\\w klv-d F³ ]n AsXmcp DZym\\ambncp¶p ]q¡Ä¡v hÀ®§Ä ]eXv I®©n¸n¡p¶ at\\mlmcnXbn A§n§mbn Nn{Xie`§Ä NnXdn¡nS¡pw A£c Iq«§Ä¡nSbneqsS Rm³ A¼ct¸msS \\S¶p. Ipªnfw ImäpIÄ kzmKXtamXn F§v \\nt¶m Hcp amemJ h¶v aµlmkt¯msS Fsâ ssIIÄ ]nSn¨m ]qt´m«¯neqsS ]Xps¡ ]d¡m³ ]dªp NndIpIfnÃm¯ Rms\\§s\\ ]d¡m³? Npïnse sNdp]p©ncn hmSmsX Ahs\\s¶ \\nÀ_Ôn¨p ]eh«w, Rm\\hnsS hoWpcpïp Ipªp amemJ¡p«nIÄ Fs¶ amSnhnfn¨p hm\\nXn sasà Rm³ ]mdn XpS§n F\\n¡v NndIpIÄ apf¨ncn¡p¶p ]Xnsb F³ NndIpIÄ ZrVambn C¶v Rm³ ]d¡p¶Xv A§v Zqsc am\\w t\\m¡n Nncn¨psImïmWv. 59

adnbw ^nZ 'ssk-\\q....B I-«³ C-t§-Sp-t¯m ' epw sl-Uv-sk-äp-am-bn A-h-cp-sS a-IÄ B-bn-j ]-Xn-hv t]m-se, A-Xn-cm-hn-se X-s¶ D-½-d-t¡m-em-bn-se Nm-cp-I-tk-c-bn ]-{X-an- ap-ä-t¯-¡n-d-§n-h-¶p . ssk- \\-¯ Sm³ h-cp-¶ ]-¿-s\\-bpw t\\m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm- Wv A-e-hn-¡. km-[mc-W t]m-se ho-Sv sh- a-¡-sf t]m-se ¡p-I F-¶ B-{K-l-hp-am-bn c-ïv hÀ-j-t¯-¡v Iu-am-c {]m-b-¯n I-S I-S-¶-Xm-Wv t\\m-¡n A-t±-lw. F-¶mÂ, 30 hÀ-jw a-cp-`q- an-bn Po-hn-¡m-\\m-bn-cn-¶p A-t±- h-fÀ- l-¯n-sâ hn-[n. F-{X s]-s«-¶m- Wv hÀ-j-§Ä I-S-¶p-t]m-b-Xv, A-bmÄ Nn-´n-¨p-¡q-«n. Nn-´-I-fp- sS C-S-bn-te-¡v ssk-\\-¯ kp-sse- am-\\n-bp-am-bn I-S-¶v h-¶p. 'ssk-\\p, a-¡Ä F-hn-sS?' 'Ip-«yÄ D-d-¡-¯n-em-¶v tXm- ¶-Wv' ssk-\\-¯ ]-d-ªp. 't\\-cw H-cp-]m-Sv sh-fp-¯-tÃm, C-\\n-bpw F-Wo-¨n-tÃ' 'BÀ-¡-dn-bm... A-aÀ C-¶-se ] m-Xn-c-¡m tI-dn h-¶-Xv. B-bn-j In-S-¶- t¸m H-cp-]m-Sv ssh-In-¶v tXm-¶-Wv'. Cu-c-ïp hÀ-jw Iq-Sp-t¼mÄ In-«n- bn-cp-¶ eo-hn-\\v \\m-«n h-¶m Ip-Spw-_-hp- am-bn-«v sN-e-hn-Sm³ In-«p-¶-Xv h-f-sc Ip-d-ª k-a-b-am-bn-cp-¶p. C-¶n-t¸mÄ kw-km-cn-¡m³ k-a-b-ap-ïv. kw-km-cn-¨n-cn-¡m³ B-fn-Ã. `m-cy- bp-sam-¯v ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bn-se Ip-«n-I-fn-se am-ä-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v kw-km-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p A-bmÄ. ho-Sn-sâ A-I-¯p \\n-¶v c-ïv sN-hn-bn- 60

¯p-¶ ]q-t´m-«-¯n-te-¡v Hm-Sn-¡-b-dn-b A-hÄ 'bm t{_m... Rm³ C-s¸m F-¯pw.. A-hn-sS-bp-Å G-ä-hpw `w-Kn-bp-Å tdm-km-sN-Sn- H-c-©p an-\\p-Sv ' bp-sS H-cp 't¢m-kv C-\\-^v' F-Sp-¯v Ìm-ä-kn- epw tÌm-dn-bn-epw Xn-cp-In-¡-b-än. \\-à Iym-] t^m-Wn-eq-sS A-e-ap-d-bn-«v t]mÀ-¨n v-j-\\v th-ïn Kq-Kn-fpw ]-c-Xn t\\m-¡n. ti-jw \\nÀ-¯n-bn-« _p-Å-sä-Sp-¯v A-aÀ ]p-d-t¯-¡n- B-sc-bpw I-ïn-sÃ-¶ a-«n ho-«n-\\-I-t¯-¡v d-§n. tIm-em-bn {]-Xn-a-I-sf-t¸m-se-bn-cp-¶ X-s¶ I-b-dn-t¸m-bn. tIm-em-bn-en-cp-¶ A-e-hn- c-ïv ]m-h-I-sf I-ï `m-hw t]m-ep-a-h³ \\-Sn- ¡-bpw `m-cy-bpw ]-c-kv-]-cw t\\m-¡n \\n-¶-X-Ãm- ¨n-Ã. ho-«n-te-¡v km-[-\\w hm-§m-\\pw D-½-sb- bpw s]-§-sf-bpw sIm-ïv t]m-Im\\pw h-ïn sX H-¶pw an-ïn-bn-Ã. th-W-sa-¶v ¹-kv Sp I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ ]-d-ª-Xm- Wv. sN-dp-¸w ap-X-te Ip-«n-I-fp-sS B-{K-l-§Ä- ¡v A-e-hn-¡ bm-sXm-cp -hn-[-¯n-epw X-S-Êw \\n-¶n-cp-¶n-Ã. A-§-s\\ hm-§n-sIm-Sp-¯-Xm- Wv _p-Å-äv. B-h-iy-§-sfm-s¡ Rm³ sN-bv-Xv sIm-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv, F-¶n-«pw F-s¶-b-hÀ ]-cnKWn-¡p-¶n-Ã-tem, A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Nn-´-I-fn ]-e tNm-Zy-§-fp-apb-cp-¶p-ïm-bn-cp-¶p. kp-sse-am-\\n-bp-sS N-ïn am-{Xw _m-¡n-bp-Å ¢m-Êp-am-bn ssk-\\- ¯ A-Sp-¡-f-bn-te-¡v t]m-bn. ap- ä-¯v sN-dn-b Im-täm-Sv Iq-sS Nm-ä a-g s]-¿p-¶p. ]-e Nn-´-IÄ am-dn-am-dn-bp- ¶p-sï-¦n t]m-epw H-¶n-\\pw D-¯-c-an-Ã-m- X-e-bp-I-bm-Wv Ae- hn-¡. ]p-d-¯v a-g-¡v i-àn-tb-dp-I-bm-Wv, Im-äm-ªp-ho-ip-¶p- ïv. F-¦n-epw C-sXm- ¶pw B a-[y-h-b-k-v I-s\\ _m-[n-¡p-t¶bn-Ã. 61

LoST Farhan VP Drifting through the blind meadow, Pitchness filled the air, Eariness daunted across, So much I longed for a pair, The moon kept shifting paces, Through the misty clouds, Just like my unstable feet, Which kept edging towards sick mazes, The tall grey leaves swept through my ankles, Making a screech I shall never forget, After long did I fall, In to the well I shall never forget. 62

63

F-©n-\\o-b-dn-§v tem-Iw Ajvan jm a-\\‑p-jy P‑o-h‑n-X‑w I‑q-S‑p-X k‑u-I-cy-{]-Z-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-¶-X‑v F-©‑n- \\‑o-bÀ-a‑mÀ B-‑sW-¶ I‑m-cy-¯‑n A-{X XÀ-¡-a‑p-ï‑m-I‑n-Ã. ]‑p-X‑n-b I-‑sï-¯-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w \\‑nÀ-a‑n-X‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-W‑v a-\\‑p-jy P‑o-h‑n-X‑w I‑q-S‑p-X k‑u-I- cy-{]-Z-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑p-‑sI‑m-ï‑p-X-‑s¶ ‑te‑m-I-¯‑v F-©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ-a‑mÀ- ¡-p-‑Å {]‑m-[‑m-\\y‑w ‑sN-d‑p-X-Ã. C-´y-b‑n-‑se a‑n-I-¨ F©‑n\\‑o-b-d‑m-b‑n I-W- ¡‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v F‑w h‑n-‑ti‑z-i‑z-c-¿-‑sc-b‑m-W‑v. A-‑t±-l-¯‑n-‑sâ P-·-Z‑n-\\-a‑m-b ‑sk-]‑v-ä‑w-_À 15 \\‑m-W‑v C-´y-b‑n F©‑n\\‑n-‑tb-g‑v-k‑v Z‑n-\\‑w B-N-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. k‑z-X-{´ C-´y-b‑p-‑sS B-k‑q-{X-W-¯‑n-‑sâ ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v F-¶-d‑n-b-‑s¸-S‑p-¶ F‑w h‑n-‑ti‑z-i‑z-c-¿ B-[‑p-\\‑n-I ‑s‑sa-k‑q-c‑n-‑sâ i‑n-e‑v-]‑n I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v. ‑s‑sl-Z-c‑m-_‑m-Z‑v \\-K-c-‑s¯ ]‑p-\\À \\‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\\‑m-b‑n \\‑n-‑tb‑m-K‑n-¡-‑s¸-« k-a‑n-X‑n-b‑n {]- [‑m-\\ F³-P‑n-\\‑o-bÀa‑m-c‑n H-c‑mÄ h‑n-‑ti‑z-i‑z-c-¿ B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. c‑m-Py-¯‑n- ‑sâ {]-[‑m-\\ \\‑nÀ-a‑n-X‑n-Ifnse-Ã‑m‑w ‑taÂ-‑t\\‑m-«‑w h-l‑n-¨-X‑n-\\‑m c‑m-Py‑w A-‑t±-l-‑s¯ `‑m-c-X‑v c-X‑v-\\ \\Â-I‑n B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ‑sN-b‑v-X‑p. F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v ]-e-X-c-¯‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. ‑te‑m-I-‑s¯ \\‑nÀ-½‑n- ¡‑p-¶ k‑n-h‑n F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n‑w-K‑v, h‑nÀ-N‑z ‑te‑m-I‑w \\‑nÀ-½‑n- ¡‑p-¶ I-¼y‑q-«À F©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ, ‑te‑m-I-‑s¯ _-Ô‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ C-e-‑t{Î‑m-W‑n-I‑v B³-U‑v I-½y‑q-W‑n-‑t¡-j³ F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v, ‑te‑m-I-¯‑n-‑sâ D‑uÀ-Ö-a‑m-W‑v C-e-{Î‑n-¡Â F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v, ‑te‑m-I-‑s¯ N-e‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ ‑sa-¡‑m-\\‑n-¡Â F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v. ¹-k‑v S‑p h‑n-\\‑p ‑ti-j‑w `‑q-c‑n-`‑m-K‑w h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-I-f‑p‑w X‑n-c-‑sª-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ ‑ta-J-e-I-f‑n H-¶‑m-W‑v F-©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n‑w- K‑v. I‑q-W‑p-‑t]‑m-‑se F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-IÄ D-‑sï-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p I-f‑n-b‑m¡‑m-d‑p-‑sï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B-[‑p-\\‑n-I P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-§‑n-‑sâ-b‑p‑w ‑sS-I‑v-t\\‑m-f-P‑n-b‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w {]-k-à‑n G-‑sd-b‑m-W‑v. ]-e ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ H-g‑n-ª‑p I‑n- S-¡‑p-¶‑p-‑sï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨ ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-I-f‑n C-ã i‑m- J-I-f‑n {]-‑th-i-\\‑w I‑n-«-W-‑sa-¦‑n D-bÀ-¶ F³-{S³-k‑v d‑m-¦‑v e-`‑n-‑t¨ a-X‑n-b‑m-I‑q. 64

_‑n-‑sS- ¡‑n-\\‑v ‑sh-d‑p-‑sX A-U‑v-a‑n-j³ e-`‑n-¨‑n-«‑v I‑m-cy-a‑n-Ã, I-c‑n-bÀ c‑q-]‑o- I-c-W-¯‑n {]-‑tXy-I {i-² X-‑s¶ A-d‑n-b-W‑w. I-W-¡‑n-‑s\\ a‑m-b‑m-‑te‑m-I-¯‑v N‑n-eÀ h‑n-e-k‑p- ‑t¼‑mÄ I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-f‑p-I-f‑p‑w ‑sh-Å‑w I‑p-S‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v ]-X‑n-h‑v. ] T-\\-I‑m- e-¯‑v a‑m-{X-a-Ã, \\‑n-Xy P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-‑se H‑m-‑tc‑m k-µÀ-`-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w I-W-¡‑n-‑sâ {]‑m-[‑m-\\y‑w h-e‑p-X‑m-W‑v. K-W‑n-X i‑m-k‑v-{X-¯‑n-‑se A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ X-X‑z-§Ä D-d-¡‑m-¯-X‑p‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-‑se ‑sX-ä‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-W‑v I-W-¡‑v _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«mI‑p-h‑m³ I‑m-c-W‑w. F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-§‑n C‑u I-W-¡‑n-‑sâ I-f‑n AÂ-]‑w I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-W‑v. F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v F-¶-X‑v F-®-a-ä -h‑n-j-b-§Ä ]T‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v a‑m-{X-a-Ã, `‑u-X‑n-I P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n- ‑sâ [‑mÀ-a‑n-I ]T-\\-a‑m-W‑v. C-´y³ F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑v \\‑m-e‑v h‑n-[-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v D-Å-X‑v. 1þ IITs & NITs C-h‑n-‑sS, A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ k‑u-I-cy-§Ä h-f-‑sc a‑n-I-¨-X‑m-W‑v. \\-à Iy‑m-¼-k‑p- IÄ, \\-à ‑tl‑m-Ì‑v-e‑p-IÄ, \\-à ‑s‑se-{_-d‑n-IÄ, \\-à e‑m-_‑p-IÄ, \\-à I-W-I‑v-ä‑n-h‑n-ä‑n- IÄ, ^‑m-¡Âä‑n-IÄ c‑m-Py-‑s¯ G-ä-h‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨-X‑m-W‑v. A-[y‑m-]-\\-¯‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑m-‑tTy-X-c {]-hÀ-¯-\\-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b A-\\‑p-`-h-§-f‑p-ï‑v. h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ {]-‑th-i-\\ ]-c‑o-£-I-f‑n- ‑se G-ä-h‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨ d‑m-¦‑p-I‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-¡‑m-U-a‑n-I-‑vk‑n a‑m-{X-a-Ã, ]‑m-‑tTy-X-c {]-hÀ-¯-\\- §-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-X‑m-b-X‑v k‑v-t]‑mÀ-S‑v-k‑v, k‑w-K‑o-X‑w, a-ä‑p ‑sh‑m-‑t¡-j-W ‑tI‑m-g‑v-k‑p‑w C-h‑n-‑sS h‑n- Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ-¡‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. 2 þ a-ä‑p K-h¬-‑saâ‑v C³-Ì‑n-äy‑q-«pIÄ ( A-^‑n-e‑n-‑tb-ä-U‑v ‑tÌ-ä‑v b‑q- W‑n- ‑th-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-k‑v ) C-h‑n-‑sS, A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ k‑u-I-cy-§Ä h-f-‑sc a‑n-I- ¨-X‑m-W‑v. \\-à Iy‑m-¼-k‑p- IÄ, \\-à ‑tl‑m-Ì-e‑p-IÄ, \\-à ‑s‑se-{_-d‑n-IÄ, \\-à e‑m-_‑p-IÄ, \\-à I-W-I‑v-ä‑n-h‑n-ä‑n- 65

IÄ. IIT, NIT ‑sb A-‑t]-£‑n-¨‑v ‑s¹-b‑v-k‑v-saâ‑v K‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-‑s¯-¡‑mÄ I‑q-S‑p-X ‑s‑sk-‑² h-f-‑sc I‑p-d-h‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. ‑tI-c-f-¯‑n-‑se B-Zy- m Ô‑n-I I‑m-cy-§-f‑m-W‑v F-¶‑p‑w k‑n-e-_-k‑p-IÄ ‑s¯ K-h¬-‑saâ‑v F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v ‑tI‑m-f-P‑v ]-e-X‑p‑w A-Xy‑m-[‑p-\\‑n-I k‑m-‑t¦-X‑n-I h‑n-Zy-‑sb a‑p- F-¶-d‑n-b-‑s¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v K-h¬-‑saâ‑v ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑v g‑p-h-\\‑m-b‑p‑w DÄ-‑s¡‑m-Å‑m-¯-X‑m-W‑v F-¶-X‑n-\\‑p H‑m-^‑v F-©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n‑w-K‑v X‑n-c‑p-h-\\-´-]‑p-c‑w (1939) ]‑p-d-‑sa \\-½‑p-‑sS k‑z-´‑w F-©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ-a‑m-‑sc h‑mÀ- B-W‑v. B-Zy-‑s¯ K-h¬-‑saâ‑v F-b‑v-U-U‑v ‑s¯-S‑p-‑t¡-ï c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p-Å d‑n-kÀ-¨‑v ‑skâ-d‑p-I- F©‑n\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑v S‑n-‑sI-F‑w F©‑n-\\‑o- f‑p-‑sS A-`‑m-h-h‑p‑w k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-‑te-¡‑v B-h-iy-a‑m-b b-d‑n-M‑v ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑v ‑sI‑m-Ã‑am Wv (1958). c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p-Å-h-‑sc DÂ-¸‑m-Z‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-‑sX ‑t]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑p‑w h-e‑n-b ]-c‑m-P-b-a‑m-W‑v. \\y‑q-UÂ-l‑n 3 - H‑m-‑t«‑m-W-a-k‑v b‑q-W‑n-‑th-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\-a‑m-b H-c‑p I-¼-\\‑n \\-S-¯‑n-b ]T-\\- ¯‑n 1,50,000 F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-I-f‑n C-h‑n-‑sS, ]-W-a‑m-W‑v F-Ã‑m‑w. A-S‑n- ‑sh-d‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑v i-X-a‑m-\\‑w a‑m-{X-a‑m-W‑v H-c‑p ‑tk‑m-^‑v-ä‑v- Ø‑m-\\ k‑u-I-cy-§Ä IIT ‑sb-¡‑mÄ a‑n-I-¨-X‑m- -‑sh-bÀ A-‑sÃ-¦‑n ‑s{]‑m-U-Î‑v a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑n‑w-K‑v I-¼- W‑v. ]‑m-‑tTy-X-c {]-hÀ-¯-\\-§Ä A-h‑n-‑sS-b‑p-ï‑v. \\‑n-b‑n-‑te-¡‑v ‑tb‑m-Ky-c‑m-b-hÀ. ‑sh-d‑p‑w G-g‑v i-X- F-¶‑m a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w A-h‑n-‑sS ]-W-h‑p- a‑m-\\‑w h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ-¡‑v a‑m-{X-a‑m-W‑v I‑r-Xy-a‑m-b a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-‑s¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. ‑s¹-b‑n-k‑v-saâ‑p-IÄ a‑n- F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n-M‑v ‑sh-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-I-‑sf G-‑sä-S‑p-¡‑m³ I-¨-X‑m-W‑v. \\-à I-¼-\\‑n-IÄ ‑tP‑m-e‑n h‑m-K‑v-Z‑m-\\‑w {]‑m-]‑v-X‑n-b‑p-Å-hÀ. C-´y H-c‑p hÀ-j-¯‑n 1.5 ‑sN-¿‑p-¶‑p. a‑n-ey¬ F-©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ-a‑m-‑sc ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. C-X‑v b‑p-F-k‑n-‑sâ-b‑p‑w ‑s‑sN-\\-b‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w I-W-¡‑p- 4 þ a-ä‑p ‑s‑s{]-h-ä‑v ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-IÄ IÄ H-¶‑n-¨‑p I‑q-«‑n-b‑m a‑m-{X‑w I‑n-«‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. C-{X h-e‑n-b k‑w-Jy-b‑n F©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ-a‑mÀ C-´y- C-‑t¸‑mÄ C‑u ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-IÄ K‑p-c‑p-X- b‑n D-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w A-X‑v I‑r-Xy-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑n c-a‑m-b A-h-Ø-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v, A-hÀ k‑m-[‑m-c-W- C-´y-b‑v-¡‑v D-]-‑tb‑m-K-‑s¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ A-‑sÃ-¦‑n b‑m-b‑n \"‑sX‑m-g‑n e-`‑n-¡‑m-¯\" F©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ-a‑mÀ A-h-‑sc ^-e-{]-Z-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑n D-]-‑tb‑m-K-‑s¸-S‑p- F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡-‑s¸-S‑p-¶ F©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ-a‑m-‑sc k‑r- ¯‑m³ C-´y-b‑v-¡‑v I-g‑n-b‑m-‑sX ‑t]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p- ã‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. (F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p-a-Ã, A-h-c‑n ]-e-c‑p‑w) Å-X‑v \\-½‑p-‑sS h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k k-{¼-Z‑m-b-‑s¯-b‑p‑w A-hÀ _‑n-cp‑Z-§Ä \\Â-I‑p-¶‑p, ]-‑t£ ‑th-ï- c‑m-Py-‑s¯-b‑p‑w ]-c‑m-P-b-a‑m-W‑v. {X F-©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n‑w-K‑v I-g‑n-h‑p-I-‑tf‑m k‑m-‑t¦-X‑n-I ‑s‑sh-Z-K‑v-[y-‑ta‑m \\Â-I‑p-¶‑n-Ã. C³-{^‑m-k‑v-{S-I‑v- k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-‑sâ {]-‑tb‑m-P-\\-¯‑n-\\‑m-b‑n N-d‑p-IÄ N‑n-e-‑t¸‑mÄ a‑n-I-¨-X‑m-W‑v, N‑n-e-‑t¸‑mÄ ‑s{]‑m-^-j-W-e‑p‑w [‑mÀ-a‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑n \\‑n-e- \\‑n-e-h‑m-c-‑t¯-¡‑mÄ X‑m-‑sg-b‑m-W‑v. h‑n-‑se {]-i‑v-\\-§Ä ‑s‑sI-I‑m-cy‑w ‑sN-¿‑m³ F©‑n- -\\‑o-bÀ-a‑mÀ-¡‑v D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-a‑p-ï‑v. R‑m³ P‑o-h‑n- I‑p-d-ª k‑v-tI‑m-d-‑p-Å, i-c‑m-i-c‑n-‑tb‑m X-¯‑n H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v a‑p-‑t¶‑m-«‑v ‑t]‑m-b‑n-«‑p-‑sï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w, A-‑sÃ-¦‑n i-c‑m-i-c‑n-b‑n X‑m-‑sg-‑tb‑m D-Å F©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ-a‑mÀ a‑m-{´‑n-I-‑tc-¡‑mÄ I‑p-d-h-‑sÃ- hnZymÀ°nIÄ-¡‑v F©‑n-\\‑o-bÀ B-I‑m-\\‑p-Å ¶‑v R‑m³ C-‑t¸‑m-g‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-c-W‑w, A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ k‑z-`‑m-h k-h‑n-‑ti-j-X-If‑n-Ã‑m-¯ A-hÀ a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w F-Ã‑m {]-i‑v-\\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w ]-c‑n- N‑n-e h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ, A-h-c‑p-‑sS a‑m-X‑m-]‑n-X‑m-¡- l‑m-c‑w D-Å-h-‑tc‑m A-‑sÃ-¦‑n \\‑n-§Ä-¡‑v ]-c‑n-l‑m- f‑p-‑sS \\‑nÀ-_-Ô -{]-I‑m-c‑w A-hÀ F©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n- c‑w \\Â-I‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-h-‑tc‑m B-W‑v. H-c‑p a‑p-d‑n-b‑n- M‑v F-S‑p-¯‑n-«‑v A-X‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑m-‑sX \\‑nÀ-¯‑n e‑n-c‑p-¶‑v A-h-‑sc N‑p-ä‑n-¸-ä‑n H-¶‑v I-‑t®‑m-S‑n-¡-W‑w, ‑t]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. F-©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n‑w-M‑v F-¶ C‑u-‑sb‑m-c‑p ]‑p-d-¯‑v H-c‑p ]-c‑n-[‑n-h-‑sc F©‑n- \\‑o-b-d‑n-§‑n-‑s\\ ‑s{]‑m-^-j-W ‑tI‑m-g‑v-k‑n-‑s\\ h-f-‑sc h-e‑n-b c‑o- B-{i-b‑n-¡‑m-¯ h-f-‑sc I‑p-d-¨‑v I‑m-cy-§Ä a‑m-{X- X‑n-b‑n A-X‑v _‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. ‑ta \\‑n-§Ä I-‑sï-¯‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑q-‑sh-¶‑v F-\\‑n-¡‑v D-d-¸‑v \\Â-I‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p‑w. C-´y³ F-©‑n-\\‑o-b-d‑n‑w-K‑v {]‑m-‑tb‑m- 66

`ptKm-f-¯n-sâ kv-]µ\\w sj_n \"Mathematics is not about numbers, equations, computations or algo- rithms. it is about understanding\" -William paul thurston. h-f-sc-¨p-cp-¡-¯n im-kv-{Xw F-¶m a-\\p-jy³ {]-]-©-s¯ ]-än A-dn-ª Im-cy-§-fm-Wv, im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ `m-j-bm-Wv K-Wn-X- im-kv-{Xw. im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ cm-Ún-bm-Wv K-Wn-X- im-kv-{Xw. A-t¸mÄ cm-Pm-hv B-cm-sW-¶v \\n-§Ä tNm-Zn-¨m 'A-h³ H-cp ]p-en-bm-Wv' F-¶v ]-d-ªm A-h-\\v hm-ep-sï-¶À-°-an-Ã-tÃm F-¶v Xn-cn-¨p tNm-Zn-t¡-ïn-h-cpw. {]-i-kv-X A-ta-cn-¡³ K-Wn-X-im-kv-{X-Ú³ hn-Ãyw t]mÄ tXÀ-̬-sâ H-cp hm-N-Iw Rm³ ap-I-fn F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv F-sâ F-gp-¯n-sâ `w-Kn-¡p th-ïn am-{X- a-Ã. F-sâ hn-j-b-¯n-sâ B-sI Xp-I-bpw ap-I-fn F-gp-Xn-b hm-N-I-§-fn-ep- ïv. kv-^-Sn-Iw kn-\\n-a-bn-se Nm-t¡m-am-jpw A-t±-lw ]Tn-¸n-¨ K-Wn-X-hpw F-{X-ta A-c-kn-I-am-sW-¶v _ º º º D-¯-cw ]-d-ª hn-ZymÀ-°n-bn \\n-¶pw {]-I-S-am-Wv. \\m-emw ¢m-kv h-sc I-W-¡v Iq-«p-I-bpw Ip-d-bv-¡p-I-bpw l-cn-¡p-I- bpw sN-bv-X an-Sp-¡-\\m-b hn-ZymÀ-°n F-t´, A-Sp-¯ ¢m-Ên x F-¶v Im-Wp- 67

2030 ‑te-¡‑p-Å k‑p-Ø‑n-c h‑n- K-Wn-X-]-c-am-bn ssI-Im-cyw sN-¿p-t¼mÄ I-k-\\ A-P-ï-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-‑s¸- F-t´ A-Xn-{X _p-²n-ap-«p-Å-Xm-bn. S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n A-Xv þ K-Wn-X-s¯ \\-½Ä k-ao-]n-¨ {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-a‑m-b‑n co-Xn-bpw A-Xv \\n-§-fn-te-¡v F-¯n-¨ B-sf- _-Ô-‑s¸-S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n bpw _-Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n sN-dn-sbm-cp D-Zm-l-c-Ww ]-d-bmw. {S‑p-¯‑n {]‑m-]‑y-X-b‑p‑w (Acce‑s‑s) \\n-§-fp-sS I-¿n Ip-d-¨v anTm-bn-IÄ In-«n, F-{X-sb-®w F-¶-dn-bm-¯-Xn-\\m Rm³ X‑p-e‑y-X-b‑p‑w A-Xn-s\\ X F-®w F-¶v hn-fn-¨p. ho-ïpw Ip- d-¨p an-«m-bn In-«n A-h-bp-sS F-®w Y B-Wv. t¼mÄ hn-bÀ-¡p-¶-sX-¶v ]-e-t¸m-gpw F-s¶ F-¦n B-sI anTm-bn-I-fp-sS F-®w X+Y, anTm- A-Ûp-X-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-ïv. (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2 bn-I-fp-sS F-®-¯n-sâ Kp-W-\\-^-ew X x Y. F-¶v Im-Wm-sX ]Tn-¡p-I-bpw ]m-Sn-\\-S-¡p-I- bpw sN-bv-Xn-«v F-´n-\\m-bn-cp-¶p Rm-\\-Xv ]Tn- C-hn-sS X t\\-bpw Y tb-bpw \\n-§Ä ¨n-cp-¶-Xv F-¶v ]-d-ªv s\\-Sp-hoÀ-¸n-« ]-e-sc- `-b-s¸-«n-à Im-c-Ww X F-´m-sW-¶pw, Y bpw I-ïp-ap-«n-bn-«p-ïv. F-´m-sW-¶pw A-hn-sS \\-S-¶ K-Wn-X-{In-b F-´m-sW-¶pw \\n-§Ä hy-à-am-bn a-\\-Ên-em- I-W-¡n-sâ am-sj-¶v ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ ¡n-b-Xn-\\m-em-Wv. ap-XnÀ-¶ ]-e B-fp-I-fpw c-l-ky-am-bn tNm-Zn- ¨n-«p-ïv, F-´m-Wv am-tj B ssk-\\pw tIm- C-Xp-t]m-se \\-½p-sS ap-¶n-ep-Å kp-sa-Ãmw F-¶v. {]-iv-\\-§-sf K-Wn-X-¯n-sâ `m-j-bn-te-¡v am- äp-I am-{X-am-Wv K-Wn-X im-kv-{X-ÚÀ sN-¿p- F-Ãm-¯n-\\pw H-cp-¯-c-ta DÅq. tI- ¶-Xv. D-bÀ-¶ X-e-¯n k-¦oÀ-W-am-b {]-Xn- h-ew Nn-e K-Wn-X {In-b-IÄ-¡p-a-¸p-dw K-Wn-X- `m-k-§-sf hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡m³ k-¦oÀ-W-am-b im-kv-{Xw B-i-b-§-fp-sS (Concept) k-am-lm- K-Wn-X-{In-b-IÄ B-h-iy-am-Wp-Xm-\\pw. c-am-Wv. {]-]-©-¯n-se F-Ãm X-c-¯n-ep-Å {]-Xn-`m-k-§-sf-bpw A-Xv DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨p-sIm- C-\\n C-hn-sS-bp-Å ssh-cp-²yw F-´m- tï-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. k-¦oÀ-®-am-b {]-iv-\\-§-sf sW-¶p-sh-¨m k-¦oÀ-W-am-b B-i-b-§-sf h-f-sc \\n-Êm-c-am-bn ssI-Im-cyw sN-¿p-¶p. ]-än Nn-´n-¡m-\\pw a-\\-Ên-em-¡m-\\pw ]-äp-¶ `u-Xn-I im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ B-[p-\\n-I A-Sn-¯-d- ]-e B-fp-I-fpw K-Wn-X-{In-b-I-fp-sS ap-¶n bm-b B-t]-£n-I kn-²m-´-¯n-te-¡v sF³- ap-«p-a-S-¡p-¶p. {]-iv-\\-§-sf K-Wn-X `m-j-bn-te- Ìo³ F-¯n-t¨À-¶-Xv ip-² K-Wn-X-¯n-eq-sS ¡v am-äp-hm-\\pw A-Xn-s\\ \\nÀ-²m-c-Ww sN-¿m- B-bn-cp-¶p. \\p-ap-Å A-dn-hn-Ãm-bv-a am-{X-am-Wv A-h-cp-sS {]-iv-\\w. A-Xv Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-cn-l-cn-¨m k-aq- C-hn-sS H-cp a-dp-tNm-Zy-ap-ïv, {]-]- l-¯n-ep-Å X-Xz-Nn-´-I-sc-Ãmw h-en-b K-Wn-X ©-¯n-se {]-Xn-`m-k-§Ä \\n-§Ä am-Xr- im-kv-{X-ÚÀ B-bn Xo-cp-¶-Xm-Wv. `m-j-bn hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ a-\\p-jy-\\v F-fp-¸-¯n a-\\-Ên-em-Ip-t¼m-gpw A-h-sb ap³-Km-an-I-fm-b `q-cn-]-£w K-Wn-X- im-kv-{X-Ú-cpw h-en-b X-Xz-Nn-´-I-cm-bn-cp-¶p F-¶-Xv F-Sp-¯p- ]-d-tb-ï h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv. ]p-Xn-b Im-e-L-«-¯n K-Wn-X-im-kv-{X-Ú- cp-sS h-en-b A-`m-h-hpw hn-cÂ-Nq-ïp-¶-Xv \\-½p-sS sX-äm-b Nn-´-I-fn-te-¡v Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. tI-h-ew tNm-Zy-t¸-¸-dn-se D-¯-c-§Ä I-sï- ¯p-¶-Xn am-{Xw H-Xp-§p-¶-Xn-\\p ]-I-cw Rm³ ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xv F-´v F-¶v tNm-Zn-¨m Xo-cm-hp-¶ {]-iv-\\-ta C-hn-sS-bp-Åq. 68

CâÀhyq apl½Zv- lm^nkv, Pnlm³ dÒm³, lnjmw sI kn R‑mbd‑mg‑vN D¨b‑v¡‑v hc‑p¶‑sX´‑mW‑v? ‑tl‑mÌ a‑pd‑nb‑n 'I‑q«‑pI‑mc‑p‑w, S‑o¨Àa‑mc‑p‑w'. k-‑vI‑qf‑n‑s\\ I‑pd‑nN‑v a‑pi‑nª‑nc‑p¶‑t¸‑mg‑mW‑v Iy‑m¼k‑n‑sâ k‑wk‑mc‑n¡‑p‑t¼‑mÄ BZya‑mb‑v FÃ‑mhc‑p‑w ] ‑sX‑m«S‑p¯‑pÅ {K‑uï‑n I‑p«‑nIÄ db‑p¶X‑v k‑z´‑w I‑q«‑pI‑m‑sc X‑s¶b‑mW‑v. If‑n¡‑p¶X‑v Iï‑Xv. Ahc‑p‑sa‑m¯‑v I‑pd¨‑p N‑neÀ S‑o¨Àa‑m‑scb‑p‑w I‑q«¯‑n ]db‑p¶‑pï‑v. kab‑w I‑qS‑nb‑m‑te‑m F‑s¶‑mc‑p N‑n´. d‑qa‑n‑sâ ]‑pd¯‑nd§‑nb‑t¸‑mÄ l‑nj‑ma‑p‑w Pnlm‑\\ 2. k-‑vI‑qf‑n Gäh‑p‑w ‑t]S‑nb‑pÅ pa‑pï‑v ‑t]‑mÌ‑mb‑n \\‑n¡‑p¶‑p. Ah‑scb‑p‑w I‑mcy‑sa´‑mW‑v? I‑q«‑n X‑m‑sg ‑sN¶‑v k‑m‑td‑mS‑v ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨ ‑tij‑w '³I‑n Gäh‑p‑w ‑t]S‑n S‑o¨À AS‑n¡‑v¶X‑m' R§Ä {K‑uï‑n‑se¯‑n, Ahc‑pa‑mb‑n CS] C§‑s\\b‑mW‑v ‑sa‑m¯¯‑n FÃ‑mhc‑p‑w gI‑m³ X‑pS§‑n. H‑m¬‑s‑se³ ¢‑mk‑pIÄ¡‑v ]dª‑p ‑sh¨X‑v. ‑tl‑m‑whÀ¡‑pI‑sf ‑t] ‑tij‑w k-‑vI‑qf‑n‑se¯‑nb AhÀ¡‑v S‑nb‑pÅ a‑sä‑mc‑p I‑q«c‑pa‑pï‑v. I‑q‑sS ]T‑n¡‑p¶ k-‑vI‑qf‑n‑s\\¡‑pd‑nN‑pÅ A`‑n{]‑mb§f‑p‑w I‑p«‑nIf‑p‑sS ‑t]c‑v ]dªhc‑pa‑pï‑v. N‑n´If‑p‑w F‑s´Ã‑ma‑m‑sW¶‑v ‑tIÄ¡‑m\\‑mb‑n Ah‑tc‑mS‑v I‑pª‑pI‑pª‑p 3. k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mI‑m³ aS‑nb‑p‑tï‑m.. ‑tN‑mZy§Ä ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p. ad‑p]S‑nIÄ F´‑mW‑v I‑mcW‑w? hf‑sc ckIca‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. BZy‑w k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mI‑m³ ‑s]‑mX‑p‑sh FÃ‑mhÀ¡‑p‑w X‑pd¶‑v k‑wk‑mc‑n¡‑m³ Hc‑p h‑n½‑nã‑w Dï‑mb‑nc‑p‑s¶¦‑ne‑p‑w CS‑s]Se‑pIÄ Hc‑p I‑w^ÀS‑v ‑tk‑mW‑n‑se¯‑nb‑t¸‑mÄ ]‑n‑s¶ X‑pd¶ a\\‑tÊ‑m‑sSb‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p Ahc‑p‑sS {]X‑nIcW‑w . Hc‑p]‑mS‑v kab‑w k‑wk‑mc‑n¨‑nc‑p¶‑t¸‑mÄ AhÀ¡‑n‑t§‑m«‑v ]e IYIf‑p‑w I‑mcy§f‑p‑w ]db‑m\\‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. R§Ä ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p 1. k-‑vI‑qÄ F¶‑v ‑tIÄ¡‑p‑t¼‑mÄ BZya‑mb‑n a\\Ê‑n‑te¡‑v 69

Cãa‑m‑sW¶‑mW‑v ]dªX‑v. I‑mcW‑w, X‑n¦f‑mg‑vN, AX‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p HäbS‑n¡‑pÅ ] ‑te‑m¡‑vU‑u¬ Ig‑nª‑v X‑nc‑n¨‑p k-‑vI‑qf‑n‑te¡‑v ec‑p‑sSb‑p‑w ad‑p]S‑n. I‑mcW‑w, R‑mbd‑mg‑vN Ibd‑nbX‑tà DÅ‑q, FÃ‑mhÀ¡‑p‑w k-‑vI‑qf‑n Ah[‑n Ig‑nª‑v k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mI‑m³ X‑me‑v] X‑s¶b‑nc‑n¡‑m\\‑mW‑v Cã‑w. cya‑nà F¶‑mW‑v ]db‑p¶X‑v. ']‑n. S‑n b‑pÅ Z‑nhka‑mW‑v Gäh‑p‑w Cã‑w' C{Xb‑p‑w ]dª‑p 4. H‑m¬‑s‑se³ ¢‑mÊ‑m‑tW‑m H‑m^‑v-s‑se³ Ig‑nª‑n«‑v Hc‑p IÅ N‑nc‑nb‑pï‑v. ¢‑mÊ‑m‑tW‑m Cã‑w? I‑mcW‑w? 'H‑m¬‑s‑se³ ¢‑mÊ‑v- ‑t_‑md‑mW‑v, I‑q«‑pI‑mc‑p‑sS 9. Gäh‑p‑w Cãa‑pÅ S‑o¨À? I‑mcW‑w? I‑q‑sSb‑nc‑p¶‑v ]T‑n¡‑m\\‑mW‑v XmXv]cyw'. 'AS‑n¡‑m¯, ‑tl‑m‑whÀI‑v Xc‑m¯ H‑m¬‑s‑se³ ¢‑mÊ‑pIf‑n {i²‑n¡‑m³ S‑o¨‑sd'b‑mW‑v FÃ‑mhÀ¡‑p‑w Cã‑w. I‑pd¨‑p ‑t] Ig‑nb‑p¶‑nà F¶X‑p‑w Hc‑p {]i‑v\\a‑mb‑n À¡‑v ¢‑mÊ‑v- S‑o¨d‑mW‑v Gäh‑p‑w {]‑nb‑s¸«X‑v. I‑p«‑nIÄ ]db‑p¶‑pï‑v. I‑p«‑nI‑tf‑m‑sS‑m¸‑w h‑n‑tij§Ä ]¦‑p‑sh¡‑p¶ S‑o¨Àa‑m‑scb‑p‑w Cãa‑mW‑v. 5. k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mI‑p¶X‑v ‑sI‑mï‑v F‑s´¦‑ne‑p‑w D]‑tb‑mK‑w D‑tï‑m? 10. h‑o«‑n c‑m{X‑n ]T‑n¡‑p‑t¼‑mg‑pÅ ]T‑n¡‑m‑w, I‑q«‑pI‑m‑sc I‑mW‑m‑w, ]‑n‑s¶ ] A\\‑p`h‑w. c‑n]‑mS‑nIf‑n‑se‑m‑s¡ ]‑s¦S‑p¡‑m‑w. h‑o«‑n 'A\\¡‑v ]T‑n¡‑m³ CãÃ. ¶‑me‑p‑w D½ N‑o¯ If‑n¡‑m³ Bc‑pa‑nÃ‑m¯X‑p‑sI‑mï‑v k-‑vI‑qf‑n ]db‑mX‑nc‑n¡‑m³ _‑p¡‑n ‑t\\‑m¡‑n Cc‑n¡‑p‑w'. ‑t]‑mI‑m³ Cã‑s¸S‑p¶hc‑p‑ap‑ï‑v. '‑sI‑m‑td ]T‑n¡‑m³ ï‑mh‑p‑w, C‑w¥‑oj‑p‑w aeb‑mfh‑p‑w ]T‑n¡‑p‑w, ]‑n‑s¶ A\\‑nb‑sâ 6. k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mI‑m³ aS‑nb‑p‑tï‑m? H¸c‑w Cc‑p¶‑v If‑n¡‑p‑w'. k‑z‑ta[b‑m ]T‑n¡‑p¶ I‑mcW‑w? I‑p«‑nIÄ hf‑sc I‑pdh‑mW‑v. ‑sI. P‑n I‑p«‑nIÄ¡‑v k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mI‑m³ aS‑nb‑p‑sï¶‑mW‑v ]dªX‑v. h‑o«‑n 11. ‑sa‑m‑s‑s_ ‑t^‑m¬ AU‑n£³ D‑tï‑m? Cc‑n¡‑m\\‑mW‑v AhÀ¡‑v I‑qS‑pXe‑nã‑w. k-‑vI‑qÄ Pubg, Pes, Freefire, Clash of clans X‑pS§‑n I¯‑n¡W‑sa¶‑v B{Kla‑pÅhc‑pa‑pï‑v C‑u A‑t\\I‑w ‑sKb‑na‑pIÄ If‑n¡‑p¶hc‑mW‑v ] I‑q«¯‑nÂ. `‑qc‑n`‑mK‑w I‑p«‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w k-‑vI‑qf‑n ec‑p‑w. aeb‑mf‑w, l‑nµ‑n, C‑w¥‑oj‑v `‑mjIf‑n‑se ‑t]‑mI‑m³ X‑o‑sc aS‑nb‑nÃ‑m¯hc‑mW‑v. I‑mÀ«‑qW‑pIÄ Ø‑nca‑mb‑n I‑mW‑p¶hc‑pa‑pï‑v. k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mb‑m B‑sIb‑pÅ k¦S‑w 7. ]T‑n¡‑m³ X‑me‑v]cya‑pÅ h‑njb‑w ? ‑t^‑m¬ D]‑tb‑mK‑n¡‑m³ ]ä‑m¯X‑m‑sW¶‑mW‑v Cãa‑nÃ‑m¯ h‑njb‑w? I‑mcW‑w? Ahc‑p‑sS ]£‑w. ]T‑n¡‑m³ X‑me‑v]cya‑pÅ h‑njba‑mb‑n ] ec‑p‑w ]dªX‑v aeb‑mfa‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ‑s]‑s«¶‑v 12. k-‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑v I‑n«‑nb‑nc‑p‑s¶¦‑n a\\Ê‑ne‑m¡‑m\\‑p‑w ]T‑n¡‑m\\‑p‑w aeb‑mfa‑mW‑t{X F¶‑v ‑tX‑m¶‑nb I‑mcy‑w? Ff‑p¸‑w, IYIf‑mW‑tÃ‑m. C‑w¥‑oj‑p‑w 'Hc‑mg‑vN a‑pg‑ph³ ]‑n. S‑n ]‑nc‑oU‑v', IW¡‑pa‑mW‑v Cãa‑nÃ‑m¯ h‑njb§f‑mb‑n '‑t^‑m¬' A§‑s\\ Hc‑n¡e‑p‑w \\S¡‑m³ ]db‑p¶X‑v.k_‑vPÎ‑v Cã‑s¸S‑mX‑nc‑n¡‑m³ k‑m[yXb‑nÃ‑m¯ I‑mcy§f‑p‑sS Hc‑p I‑mcWa‑mb‑n S‑o¨Àa‑mc‑p‑sS ‑t]c‑v ] \\‑oï e‑nÌ‑v X‑s¶b‑pï‑v. ]T‑n¡‑m\\‑m‑tW‑m dªhc‑pa‑pï‑v. If‑n¡‑m\\‑m‑tW‑m Cã‑sa¶‑v ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑t¸‑mÄ If‑n¡‑m‑s\\¶‑v Hc‑p `‑mhhyXy‑mkh‑pa‑nÃ‑m‑sX ] 8. k-‑vI‑qf‑n ‑t]‑mI‑m³ Gäh‑p‑w aS‑n dªhc‑pa‑pï‑v. ‑tX‑m¶‑p¶ Z‑nhk‑w GX‑v? Cã‑vSa‑pÅ Z‑nhk‑w GX‑v? 13. k-‑vI‑qf‑n Gäh‑p‑w Cãa‑nÃ‑m¯ I‑mcy‑w? 70 70

'S‑o¨À XÃ‑p¶X‑v ³I‑n X‑o‑sc CãÃ', 71 '‑t\\‑m«‑v ‑sN¡‑n§‑p‑w ‑tl‑m‑whÀ¡‑p‑w ]‑n‑s¶ If‑n¡‑m³ h‑nS‑m¯X‑p‑w CãÃ'. X‑pS§‑n k-‑vI‑qf‑n‑s\\¡‑pd‑n¨‑v 'I‑mcya‑mb‑n«‑v' I‑p‑td I‑pdh‑pIÄ AhÀ¡‑v ]db‑m\\‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. 14. k-‑vI‑qf‑n hc‑p¶X‑v ‑sI‑mï‑v ‑sSI‑vÌ‑v_‑p¡‑ne‑pÅXÃ‑m‑sX F‑s´¦‑ne‑p‑w ] T‑n¡‑p¶X‑mb‑n ‑tX‑m¶‑p¶‑p‑tï‑m? I‑mcya‑mb‑n«‑v ]db‑m³ BÀ¡‑p‑w H¶‑pa‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑nÃ. F¦‑ne‑p‑w ]‑m«‑p ] T‑n¨hc‑p‑w, k-‑vI‑qf‑n \\S¡‑p¶ ]c‑n]‑mS‑nIf‑n ]‑s¦S‑p¡‑p¶hc‑p‑w C‑u I‑q«¯‑ne‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ‑tN‑mZy§Ä ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p X‑pS§‑p‑t¼‑m‑tg¡‑p‑w AhÀ¡‑n‑t§‑m«‑v ] db‑m³ ]e IYIf‑pa‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ¢‑mÊ‑n‑se I‑q«‑pI‑m‑sc¡‑pd‑n¨‑v, S‑o¨Àa‑m‑sc I‑pd‑n¨‑v, h‑o«‑pI‑m‑sc I‑pd‑n¨‑v \\‑qd‑v \\‑qd‑v h‑m¡‑pIf‑mWhÀ¡‑v. \\‑nj‑vIf¦a‑mb N‑nc‑n‑tb‑m‑sS AhÀ hc¨ ]S§Ä I‑mW‑n¨‑p X¶‑v 'C‑sX§\\ï‑v ' F¶‑v ‑tN‑mZ‑n¡‑p‑s¼‑m 'AS‑n‑s]‑mf‑n Bb‑n¡‑tÃ‑m'¶‑v X‑nc‑n¨‑p ] db‑p‑t¼‑mÄ Ahc‑p‑sS a‑pJ¯‑p ‑sXf‑nb‑p¶ Hc‑p k‑t´‑mja‑pï‑v, AX‑n‑s\\‑mc‑p {]‑tXyI `‑wK‑nb‑mW‑v. 'Hc‑p IYb‑pa‑nÃ‑m¯' Hc‑p]‑mS‑v IYIÄ AhÀ¡‑v ]db‑m\\‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ‑tU‑mÎd‑mh‑m\\‑p‑w, F©‑n\\‑obd‑mh‑m\\‑p‑w, S‑o¨d‑mh‑m\\‑p‑w, ^‑pS‑v_‑mÄ If‑n¡‑mc\\‑mh\\‑p‑w IfÎd‑mh\\‑p‑w ‑t]‑me‑ok‑mh‑m\\‑p‑w B{K‑ la‑pÅ Hc‑p]‑mS‑v I‑pª‑p {]X‑n`I‑sf Iï‑p. X‑nc‑n‑sI Iy‑m¼Ê‑n‑te¡‑v \\S¡‑p‑t¼‑mÄ H¶‑p X‑oÀ¨b‑m¡‑n. P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑se‑t¸‑m‑sg¦‑ne‑p‑w a‑pj‑nª‑nc‑n¡‑p‑t¼‑mÄ, HcÂ]‑w k‑t´‑mj‑w ‑thW‑sa¶‑v ‑tX‑m¶‑p‑t¼‑mÄ \\½‑sf¡‑mÄ {]‑mb‑w I‑pdªhc‑pa‑mb‑n CS]gI‑pI, AhÀ‑s¡‑m¯‑v X‑mg‑v¶‑v ‑sI‑mS‑p¡‑pI, AX‑ hÀ¡‑p‑w \\½Ä¡‑p‑w k‑t´‑mj‑w e‑`n¡‑p‑w. 71

Øm\\w k³l I_oÀ Ipªp¶mÄ apX 'BZy'sa¶v a\\Ên P]n¸n¨p. 'Ahkm\\t¯'Xv Fs´¶dnbmsX Pohn¨ncp¶t¸mÄ Ipªdnªnà 'BZyw' Hcp\\mÄ Xs¶ ssIhnSpsa¶v. temIw apgph³ 'BZys¯' Nqïn¡m«n ]pIgv¯n t{]mÕmln¸n¨t¸mÄ 'Ahkm\\w Ft¸mtgm Bcpadnbm¯ iq\\yXbnte¡v hgnamdn. 'BZy's¯ kpJhntij§Ä Bthit¯msS tNmZn¨dnªt¸mÄ 'Ahkm\\w' AhnsS hnXp¼n t\\m¡n. BZyambn lrZb¯n sIm¯nsh¨ B tamlw Fs¶t¶¡pambn CÃmXmbt¸mÄ B Ipªp lrZbw at®mSp tNÀ¶p. 72

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hnZymÀ°n cm{ãobw F¶ an' '¨ t\\ct¼m¡v Cbmkv skbv\\n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w A[‑y‑m]Ic‑p‑sSb‑p‑w ‑t\\X‑rX‑z¯‑n ‑sI«‑n¸S‑p¯ c‑mP‑ya‑mW‑v C´‑y. Hc‑p k‑ma‑ql‑nI h‑njb¯‑n I‑mc‑y£aa‑mb CS‑s]S \\S¯‑n e£‑y‑w I‑mW‑p¶X‑n\\‑pÅ ‑s‑s[jW‑nI ]‑mT§Ä AhÀ¡‑v ]IÀ¶‑p I‑n«‑nbX‑v ]‑mTi‑meIf‑n \\‑n¶‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. k‑z‑mX{´‑yk‑ acI‑me¯‑v c‑mP‑y‑s¯ Ie‑meb§f‑p‑w h‑nZ‑y‑meb§f‑p‑w ]Å‑n¡‑qS§f‑p‑saÃ‑m‑w {I‑nb‑mßI kac c‑oX‑nIf‑ne‑q‑sS P‑oh³ ‑tI{µa‑mb‑n a‑md‑nbX‑v A¯c‑w ‑t_‑m[‑y§f‑p‑sS ^ea‑mb‑n«‑v I‑qS‑nb‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ]‑mÞ‑nX‑yh‑p‑w c‑m{ã‑ob‑t_‑m[h‑p‑w Hc‑p‑t]‑m‑se k‑t½f‑n¨ BN‑mc§f‑ne‑q‑sSb‑mW‑v kac§f‑p‑sS h‑nh‑n[ c‑oX‑nIÄ P\\ kl{k§f‑n‑te¡‑v h‑y‑m]‑n¨X‑v. k‑z‑mX{´‑ykac I‑me‑w a‑pX k‑zX{´ C´‑yb‑p‑sS hÀ¯a‑m\\I‑me‑w h‑scb‑pÅ c‑m{ã‑ob- k‑ma‑ql‑nI ‑s‑s[jW‑nI a‑p‑t¶ä§f‑n c‑mP‑y‑s¯ Ie‑meb§Ä A\\Â]a‑mb ]¦‑v hl‑n¨X‑mb‑n I‑mW‑m‑w. AX‑mbX‑v, C´‑yb‑n‑se I‑y‑m¼k‑v c‑m{ã‑ob¯‑n\\‑v k‑z‑mX{´‑ykac Nc‑n{X‑t¯‑mf‑w X‑s¶ ]g¡a‑p‑sï¶‑p k‑mc‑w. ]‑s¯‑m¼X‑m‑w \\‑qä‑mï‑n‑sâ a²‑yI‑meL«‑w a‑pX C´‑yb‑n ]‑mÝ‑mX‑y k{¼Z‑mb¯‑ne‑pÅ B[‑p\\‑nI kÀÆIe‑mi‑meIÄ Ø‑m]‑nXa‑mb‑n«‑pï‑v. GX‑mï‑v X‑pS¡ I‑me‑w ‑sX‑m‑t« I‑y‑m¼k‑pIf‑n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n c‑m{ã‑obh‑p‑w Dï‑mb‑nc‑p¶X‑mb‑n Turmoil and transition : High‑ er education and student politics in india F¶ ]‑pk‑vXI¯‑n ^‑ne‑n¸‑v BÂ_‑m¨‑p‑w G‑sU‑zÀU‑v jÂk‑p‑w A`‑n{]‑mb‑s¸S‑p¶‑pï‑v. F¶‑m he‑nb ‑tX‑mX‑n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n a‑p‑t¶ä¯‑n‑sâ {] X‑n^e\\§f‑pï‑mbX‑v _‑wK‑mf‑n h‑n`P\\I‑me‑s¯ k‑z‑tZi‑n a‑qh‑vsaâ‑ne‑q‑sSb‑mW‑v. 1903 U‑nk‑w_d‑n h‑n`P\\ _‑nÃ‑pIÄ ‑s]‑mX‑ph‑n AhXc‑n¸‑n¡‑s¸«X‑v a‑pX a‑mk‑v ‑s]ä‑oj\\‑nM‑v, Ihe{]k‑wK§Ä, D]‑tc‑m[§Ä, \\‑n‑tc‑m[\\‑mÚIÄ, ‑s]‑mX‑p P\\‑m`‑n{]‑mb ‑tiJcW‑w, {]‑t£‑m`§Ä X‑pS§‑n \\‑nch[‑n kac c‑oX‑nIf‑ne‑q‑sS h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ If‑w \\‑ndª‑p‑w AhÀ¡‑v ]‑n¶‑n k‑m[‑mcW¡‑mc‑mb P\\§Ä AW‑n \\‑nc¶‑p‑w, h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n‑nIÄ ‑t\\X‑rX‑z‑w \\ÂI‑nb kac§f‑p‑sS P‑z‑me c‑mP‑y¯‑n‑sâ h‑nh‑n[ `‑mK§f‑n‑te¡‑v ]SÀ¶‑p]‑nS‑n¨‑p. Ie‑meb§f‑n‑se 75

h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑n ka‑ql‑w he‑nb c‑wK¯‑p‑w, k‑z‑mX{´‑y‑m\\´c Ahkc‑sa‑mc‑p§‑nbX‑v Afh‑n kac§f‑pa‑mb‑n a‑p‑t¶ä§f‑ne‑p‑saÃ‑m‑w h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n kac§f‑p‑sS a‑p‑t¶‑m«‑p \\‑o§‑n. 1920 X‑nf§‑nb H«‑t\\I‑w al‑m ^ea‑mb‑mW‑v. k‑z‑m{ib ‑se \\‑nÊlIcW {] a\\‑oj‑nIÄ I‑y‑m¼k‑v ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑n‑se Aa‑nX Ø‑m\\h‑p‑w h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nI‑sf c‑m{ã‑ob¯‑ne‑q‑sS hfÀ¶‑p ^‑ok‑v, a‑m‑t\\P‑vsaâ‑pIf‑p‑sS BIÀj‑n¨X‑v Nc‑n{X¯‑n‑se h¶hc‑mW‑v. `KX‑v k‑n‑wK‑v ‑sIS‑pI‑mc‑yØX X‑pS§‑nb a‑sä‑mc‑p \\‑mg‑nI¡Ã‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. a‑nI‑s¨‑mc‑pZ‑m lcWa‑mW‑v. \\‑nch[‑n {]i‑v\\§f‑ne‑p‑w ‑sX‑m®‑qd‑mb‑nc¯‑nÂ] e‑m‑tl‑md‑n‑se \\‑mjW h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ¡‑v c‑w h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑n‑se h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ A\\‑pI‑qea‑mb Kh¬‑saâ‑v A^‑ne‑n‑tbäU‑v °‑nb‑m b‑nc‑p¶ A‑t±l‑w A´c‑o£¯‑n‑te¡‑v ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w I‑y‑m¼k‑v c‑m{ã‑ob‑s¯ I‑y‑m¼k‑pIÄ a‑md‑nbX‑v ¡‑pd‑n¨‑v ' ‑tPW I‑rX‑n'bS Ahc‑p‑sSb‑pÅ‑n‑se k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w a‑mä‑n {I‑nb‑mßI c‑m{ã‑ob ‑t_‑m[‑w C´‑y³ k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑n ¡a‑pÅ {] DWÀ¶‑p {]hÀ¯‑n¨X‑v ‑tNÀ¶‑p. A§‑s\\ X‑pS§‑n k‑n²‑oIcW ‑sI‑mï‑m‑sW¶‑v C¶‑seIf‑n \\‑nch[‑n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n §f‑n I‑mW‑mh‑p¶X‑mW‑v. {]‑t£‑m`§Ä¡‑v kacI‑me‑w Fg‑pX‑pIb‑p‑w N‑pc‑p¡¯‑nÂ, k‑m£‑nb‑mbX‑mW‑v Nc‑n{X‑w. h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ ]‑mT‑y]²X‑nIf‑n °‑nI‑sf \\‑n¶‑v e`‑n¡‑m‑sX C´‑y³ a‑p³\\‑ncb‑ k‑ma‑ql‑nI‑mh‑t_‑m[h‑p‑w, c‑m{ã‑ob¯‑n\\‑v D‑uS‑p‑w n‑te¡‑v c‑m{ã‑ob N‑n´If‑p‑w ]‑mh‑p‑w \\ÂI‑n kac BIÀj‑n e£‑y‑t_‑m[h‑p‑w FÃ‑m‑w ¡‑pIb‑p‑w h‑nIk‑n¸‑n‑s¨S‑p¡‑p¶X‑n 76 ‑sNb‑v h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ¡‑v X‑n«‑pï‑v. kl‑mbIa‑mbX‑v h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n X‑sâ P‑oh³‑ c‑m{ã‑ob a‑p‑t¶ä§f‑mW‑v. t]‑me‑p‑w \\‑mS‑n\\‑p tIcf¯n\\ ‑thï‑n I¯pw ]pd¯pw hnZymÀ°n kaÀ¸‑n¨ cm{ãobw A{ItamÕpI {] `KX‑v k‑n‑wK‑v hWXIÄ¡v km£nbm‑ h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n tIï AhØIfpïmb‑ c‑m{ã‑ob n«psï¦nepw, cm{ãob‑ ¯‑n‑se t_m[apÅ \\nch[n ] F¡‑me uc·msc hmÀs¯Sp¡m³ ‑s¯b‑p‑w a‑nI¨ a‑mX‑rIb‑mW‑v. km[n¨p F¶ AÀ°¯‑n ‑tIcf¯‑n\\ AX‑n‑sâ `‑qXI‑me‑w I¯‑p‑w h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n ]‑pj‑vIea‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p F¶‑v c‑m{ã‑ob‑w he‑nb‑tX‑mX‑n ‑thW‑w ]db‑m³. F¶‑mÂ, h‑n¹h§Ä k‑rã‑n¨‑n«‑pï‑v. hÀ¯a‑m\\I‑me I‑y‑m¼k‑v ‑tIcf¯‑n‑se Ie‑me‑ c‑m{ã‑ob ]c‑n[‑nb‑n b§f‑n \\‑nd‑ta‑m P‑mX‑n‑tb‑m hc‑p¶ h‑mÀ¯IÄ A{X ‑thÀX‑nc‑nh‑nÃ‑m‑sX {]‑thi\\‑w Bi‑z‑mkIcaÃ. c‑m{ã‑ob‑w ‑t\\S‑m\\‑p‑w, FÃ‑mhÀ¡‑p‑w F¶ h‑m¡‑p‑t]‑me‑p‑w Hc‑pa‑n¨‑nc‑p¶‑v ]T‑n¡‑m\\‑pa‑pÅ AÇ‑oe ]Z‑mhe‑nb‑n‑te¡‑v

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amjv JmenZv dk Cc‑p¼g‑nIÄ X‑pd¡‑p¶ iÐ‑w ‑tI«‑v H¶‑p‑w hyàamh‑m¯ B‑tâ‑m Fg‑p‑t¶ä‑p. D¨ab¡‑w a‑pS§‑nbX‑nsâ‑ a‑pJ`‑mh¯‑n a‑mj‑n‑s\\ \\‑ock‑w Ab‑mf‑p‑sS a‑pJ¯‑v hyàa‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ‑t\\‑m¡‑n. a‑mj‑v X‑pSÀ¶‑p, FX‑nÀZ‑nib‑n \\‑n¡‑p¶ Pb‑n h‑mÀU³ \"k‑vI‑qf‑n‑sâ _‑m¯‑vd‑qa‑n Hc‑p ]‑pX‑nb Pb‑n¸‑pÅ‑nb‑p‑w I‑qS‑n sImïv­ \\‑n¶‑p ]‑pIhe‑n¨X‑n\\‑v h¶‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. h‑mÀU³ ]dª‑p \"I‑p‑td R‑m³ Ah‑sc H¶‑p XÃ‑n. Bb‑n‑tà Häb‑v¡‑v \\‑n\\¡‑v I‑q«‑n\\‑nXm Hc‑mÄ. A‑sæ‑ne‑p‑w A‑sX‑m‑s¡ C¶‑p a‑pX Ch³ Ch‑n‑sSb‑pï‑mI‑p‑w'. F\\‑n¡‑v ‑thï‑n B‑tW‑m Ab‑m‑sf DÅ‑ne‑m¡‑n h‑mÀU³ IXIS¨‑p. AhÀ¡‑v ‑thï‑nb‑tÃ. B‑tâ‑m Ab‑m‑tf‑mS‑v H¶‑p ]‑p©‑nc‑n¨‑p. ]‑t£ ]‑pIhe‑n¡‑p¶X‑p‑w elc‑n Ab‑mÄ¡‑v AX‑n\\‑mb‑nÃ. Ab‑mÄ Ah‑n‑sS D]‑tb‑mK‑n¡‑p¶X‑p‑w H‑s¡ A{X \\ N‑phc‑n N‑mc‑n Cc‑p¶‑p F¶‑n«‑v N‑n´b‑n ÃX‑m‑tW‑m? \\¶‑mb‑m AhÀ¡‑v \\¶‑v a‑pg‑pI‑n. F\\‑n‑s¡´‑p I‑n«‑m\\‑mWv?. AX‑n\\‑v AhÀ ‑t]‑mb‑n ‑tIk‑v ‑sI‑mS‑p¯‑p _‑me]‑oU\\‑w ‑\"t]‑sc´‑mW‑v a‑m‑tj?' F¶ ‑tN‑mZy‑w ‑t]‑me‑p‑w R‑m³ AX‑v ‑sNb‑vX‑n‑sæ‑n Ab‑mf‑p‑sS N‑n´IÄ¡‑v h‑ne§‑n«‑p. Ab‑mÄ ] `‑mh‑ntb‑mSv ‑sN¿‑p¶ ‑sI‑mS‑nb ]‑oU\\ dª‑p \"AX‑pX‑s¶'. \"F´‑v?' \"a‑mj‑v,' B‑tâ‑m a‑mh‑p¶X‑v'. I‑uX‑pI‑t¯‑m‑sS ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p \"a‑m‑tjm?' \"i¦c³ a‑mj‑v', Ab‑mÄ ad‑p]S‑n ]dª‑p. ]‑n‑s¶ a‑mj‑v B‑tâ‑m‑tb‑mS‑v ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p: ‑\"t]‑sc´‑m?' \"B‑tâ‑m, AS‑p¯d‑nb‑p¶hÀ B‑tâ‑m ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p: \"hmZymsc´m hS‑nh‑mÄ F¶‑v h‑nf‑n¡‑p‑w'. \"A‑sX´‑m C‑u hg‑n‑sb‑ms¡', ]c‑nl‑mk N‑phb‑pÅ B A§‑s\\ h‑nf‑n¡‑p‑s¶' F¶‑p a‑mj‑v. ‑tN‑mZy‑t¯‑mS‑v a‑mj‑v ]dª‑p: \"H¶‑pa‑nà Hc‑p \"I‑qe‑n¯‑Ã‑mWv ]W‑n'. B‑tâ‑mb‑p‑sS h‑n\\ h‑n‑t\\‑mZb‑m{X¡‑v h¶X‑mW‑v'. \"Aà a‑m‑tj b‑w Iï‑p a‑mj‑v H¶‑p N‑nc‑n¨‑p. B‑tâ‑m Hc‑p \\‑n§Ä F´‑p I‑pä‑w ‑sNb‑vX‑n«‑mW‑nh‑n‑sS?' X‑pd¶‑p h¨ ]‑pk‑vXI‑w ‑t]‑m‑se Ah‑sâ B‑tâ‑m ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p. a‑mj‑v ]dª‑p: \"R‑m³ IYIÄ a‑mj‑n‑t\\‑mS‑v ]dª‑p. a‑mj‑v H¶‑p‑w ‑sNb‑vX‑n«‑nÃ'. \"AX‑pX‑s¶b‑mW‑v Ch‑n‑sS Ahk‑m\\‑w ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p, \"\\‑n\\‑s¡‑m‑s¡ F§‑s\\ hc‑p¶ a‑n¡h‑md‑p‑w ‑t]c‑p‑w BZy‑w ]db‑mdv'. C‑u KX‑n h¶‑p', Btâ‑m Icª‑p‑sI‑mï‑p ] B‑tâ‑m N‑nc‑n¨‑p. dª‑p: ‑sI‑m¨mb‑t¸‑mtg‑ A¸¨³ ‑t]‑mb‑n. K‑pW‑tZ‑mj‑n¡‑m‑t\\‑m N‑qc hS‑n‑sI‑mï‑v H¶‑v Ab‑m‑sf I‑qS‑pX k¦S‑s¸‑S‑pt¯ï ]T‑n¸n¡‑m‑t\\‑m Bc‑pa‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑nÃ. F¶‑v Ic‑pX‑n BI‑p‑w B‑tâ‑m I‑qS‑pXsem¶‑p‑w ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑nÃ. ]‑n¶‑oS‑v I‑pd¨‑p ‑t\\c‑s¯ \\‑ndª I®‑pIf‑pa‑mb‑n cï‑p ‑t] \\‑niÐXb‑v¡‑p ‑tij‑w a‑mjv D¨¯‑n ] c‑p‑w A‑t§‑m«‑p‑w C‑t§‑m«‑p‑w ]ck‑v]c‑w ‑t\\‑m¡‑n dª‑p, \"R‑m³ ‑sNb‑vX I‑pä‑w Ah‑sc \\‑n¶‑p. Ah‑nS‑w i‑q\\yX Xf‑w‑sI«‑n \\‑n¶‑p. X‑n·b‑n \\‑n¶‑v h‑ne¡‑n F¶X‑mWv'‑.B‑tâ‑m 78

79

k-am-[m-\\w ARvPp Nmt¡m k-a‑m-[‑m-\\‑w ‑tX-S‑n R‑m-\\‑m a-e-a‑p-I-f‑n-‑se h-e‑n-b h‑o-S‑n-‑sâ a-‑t\\‑m-l-c-a‑m-b ]‑q-‑t´‑m-«-¯‑n-‑te-¡‑n- d-§‑n. I‑n-f‑n-IÄ {]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-‑sS X‑m-f-¯‑n-\\-\\‑p-k-c‑n- N‑v ]‑m-d‑n-¸-d-¡‑p-¶‑p, a-µ-a-c‑p-X‑m³ h-·-c-§-‑sf X-g‑p-I‑n- X-‑te‑m-S‑n Z‑q-‑tc-¡-I-e‑p-¶‑p, C-e-IÄ I‑m-ä-¯‑p \\‑r-¯‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-¶‑p, ]‑q-¼‑m-ä-IÄ ]‑q-¡Ä-¡‑v N‑p-ä‑p‑w h-«-a‑n-«‑v I-d-§‑p-¶‑p. k‑q-c‑y³ a-c-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑q-‑sS ]‑q-¡-‑sf F-¯‑n-‑t\\‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p, I‑mÀ-‑ta-L-§Ä I‑p-f‑n-c‑p ]-IÀ- ¶‑n-d-§‑n-h-c‑m³ ‑sh-¼Â I‑q-«‑p-¶‑p. F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w, R‑m³ k‑w-X‑r-]‑v-X-\\-Ã. I‑m-c-W‑w, C-h‑n-‑sS ‑FbÀsSe‑n\\v-‑ ‑td-©‑n-Ã. 80 80

81

\\‑nbah‑nc‑p²a‑mb elc‑n¡‑v elcn AS‑naIf‑mW‑v. ]¯‑p hÀ‑ j§Ä¡‑p a‑p¼‑v elc‑nb‑p‑sS D]‑tb‑mK‑w A[‑nIa‑mb‑n I‑mW‑s¸«‑nc‑p¶X‑v Pn³jmZv sI F ‑sUhe]‑v\\‑m Py§f‑n B‑sW¦‑n C¶‑v AX‑n\\‑v ‑tIcf¯‑n‑se {] ‑sUhe]‑vS‑vsU F‑t¶‑m a‑pJ ‑saU‑n¡Â ‑sUhe]‑vsUhe¸‑n‑wK‑v F‑t¶‑m ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑ne‑mW‑v h‑nZy‑mÀY‑n a‑mcIa‑mb elc‑n hyXy‑mka‑nÃ. ‑sUhe]‑n‑wK‑v ac‑p¶‑pIf‑pa‑mb‑n ]‑nS‑n¡‑s¸«X‑v. D‑u¶‑n c‑mPya‑mb C´yb‑n 16 a‑pX A‑t\\‑zj‑n¨‑t¸‑mÄ GI‑tZi‑w h‑nZy‑mÀ°‑nIÄ 75 hbÊ‑ph‑scb‑pÅhc‑n 16% elc‑nac‑p¶‑pIÄ FÃ‑m‑w B¬‑s]¬ hyXy‑mka‑nÃ‑m‑sX D]‑tb‑mK‑n¡‑p¶hc‑mW‑v. CX‑n\\‑v AS‑naIÄ B‑sW¶‑v ‑sXf‑nª‑p. ] H‑m‑tc‑m hÀjh‑p‑w 11.2 T\\`‑mc‑w CÃ‑mX‑nc‑n¡‑m³ B‑sW¶‑v ‑t]‑me‑p‑w. Zie£‑w acW¯‑n a‑mcIa‑mb elc‑n ac‑p¶‑pIf‑p‑sS D]‑tb‑mK‑w elc‑nb‑p‑sS k‑m¶‑n[y‑w `h‑njy¯‑pI‑sf I‑pd‑n¨‑v I‑qS‑pX ‑t_‑m[ya‑pÅ I‑mW‑m‑w.350000 P‑oh\\‑pÅ ‑saU‑n¡Â h‑nZy‑mÀY‑nIÄ BW‑v CX‑v H‑mhÀ‑tU‑mk‑v BbX‑n‑s\\ ‑sNb‑vXX‑v k‑m[‑mcW P\\§f‑p‑sS I‑mcy‑w ‑t]c‑n ‑s]‑me‑nªX‑v. D‑ul‑n¡‑mh‑p¶‑tXb‑pÅ‑q. h‑nZy‑mÀ°‑nIÄ¡‑nSb‑n 5.5 iXa‑m\\‑w Bf‑pIÄ elc‑n k‑pJa‑mb‑n X‑s¶ ac‑p¶‑pIÄ¡‑p‑w elc‑n ]Z‑mÀ°§Ä¡‑p‑w FÃ‑mc‑p‑w Bb‑nc‑p‑s¶¦‑n AS‑naIf‑mW‑v F¶‑v IW¡‑pIÄ k‑qN‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶‑p I‑mW‑s¸S‑p¶‑p CX‑v 15 hbÊ‑p a‑pX 64 hbÊ‑ph‑scb‑pÅ Hc‑p \\‑oï D]‑tb‑mK‑n¡‑p¶hÀ¡‑v \\‑nc X‑s¶ CX‑n DÄ‑s¸S‑p¶‑p.elc‑nb‑p‑w ‑t]\\b‑p‑w ‑s]³k‑ne‑p‑w `‑qa‑nb‑p‑w Hc‑p‑t]‑m‑se X‑s¶ Id§‑p¶‑p F¶‑v ‑t]‑m‑se elc‑n ]db‑m‑w. A{Xb‑p‑w ‑thK¯‑ne‑mW‑v elc‑n ac‑p¶‑pIf‑p‑w h‑nZy‑me‑ hy‑m]‑n¨‑p ‑sI‑mï‑nc‑n¡‑p¶X‑v. hk‑vX‑p¡Ä¡‑v b¯‑n‑te¡‑v Bhiya‑mb‑n A{Xb[‑nI‑w {]kà‑nb‑pï‑v. 1950-If‑n ‑s‑sN\\ a‑md‑p¶‑p.]‑oU\\§f‑p‑w N‑n³N«‑nb‑p‑w ]«‑p‑w h‑nä‑v h³ e‑m`‑w ‑sI‑mb‑vX‑p. BßlXyIf‑p‑w A¡‑me¯‑v a‑p³]´‑nb‑ne‑mb‑nc‑p¶ {_‑n«³ ‑sI‑me]‑mXI§f‑p‑w H‑m¸‑nb‑w F¶ elc‑nhk‑vX‑p ‑s‑sN\\b‑n‑te¡‑v DS‑seS‑p¡‑p¶‑p.`‑mcy¡‑v IS¯‑n. Hc‑p I¸Â \\‑nd‑sb H‑m¸‑nba‑mW‑v `À¯‑mh‑n‑s\\b‑p‑w ]‑n©‑pI‑pª‑v Ah‑n‑sS F¯‑nbX‑v. N‑pc‑p¡‑w C{Xa‑m{X‑w AÑ‑s\\b‑p‑w c£‑nX‑m¡Ä¡‑v Hc‑p c‑mPy‑s¯ ‑t]‑me‑p‑w \\i‑n¸‑n¡‑ph‑m\\‑pÅ a¡‑sfb‑p‑w k‑vt\\l Ig‑nh‑v elc‑nI‑pï¶‑v a\\Ê‑ne‑m¡‑m³ C‑u I®‑p‑sI‑mï‑v I‑mW‑m³ cï‑v DZ‑mlcW‑w [‑mc‑mf‑w. ‑s‑sN\\b‑n k‑m[‑n¡‑m‑sX hc¶‑p. N‑pc‑p¡‑n CX‑ph‑sc elc‑nac‑p¶‑pIÄ Dï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑nÃ. ]dªÂ \\ã§f‑p‑sS IW¡‑p elc‑nac‑p¶‑pIf‑p‑sS \\‑ocka‑mW‑v ‑s‑sN\\‑sb a‑m{X‑w _‑m¡‑n. DbÀ¯‑nbX‑v F¶‑v {_‑n«³ h‑ni‑zk‑n¨‑p. ‑tIcf¯‑n‑se 12 hbÊ‑p‑w AX‑n I‑qS‑pXe‑pÅ h‑mW‑nPy ‑tI{µa‑mb A‑tac‑n¡¡‑mc³ 31.9 Zie£‑w ‑t]À ‑sI‑m¨‑nb‑n a‑m{X‑w.2300 82

d‑nl‑m_‑ne‑n‑täj³ ‑skâd‑pIÄ Bb‑n«‑pÅ Hc‑p hyà‑n elc‑nb‑p‑sS a¯‑p {]hÀ¯‑n¨‑p‑sI‑mï‑nc‑n¡‑p¶ I‑mcW‑w I‑mÀ ‑thK¯‑n H‑mS‑n¨‑p Hc‑p a‑m[ya F¶‑mW‑v ‑s‑sS‑wk‑v H‑m^‑v {]hÀ¯I‑s\\ CS‑n¨‑p ‑sI‑me‑s¸S‑p¯‑nb¯‑p‑w C´y d‑n‑t¸‑mÀ«‑v C‑u ‑sI‑m¨‑p ‑tIcf¯‑n X‑s¶. ‑s‑sZh¯‑n‑sâ ‑sNb‑vX‑nc‑n¡‑p¶X‑v. F§‑s\\ k‑z´‑w IW¡‑v I‑pX‑n¨‑pbc‑mX‑nc‑n¡‑p‑w. ‑sI‑me]‑mXI§f‑p‑w ]‑oU\\§f‑p‑w N‑ne k‑wLS\\IÄ ‑t]‑me‑p‑w Hc‑p \\‑nXyP‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑se h‑mb\\IÄ BI‑p¶‑p. elc‑n \\ÂI‑n k‑wL«\\‑w ]{X§Ä c‑mh‑n‑se aeÀ¯‑n ]‑nS‑n¡‑p¶ kab‑w hyXy‑mb‑mb‑n \\‑nÀhl‑n¡‑p¶‑p. {]‑mÀ°‑n¨‑p ‑sX‑sä‑t¶‑m ic‑n‑sb‑t¶‑m X‑pS§‑nb‑me‑p‑w ‑sI‑meIf‑p‑w ASb‑mf‑s¸S‑p¯e‑pIÄ ]‑oU\\§f‑p‑w CÃ‑m¯ Z‑nhk§f‑n P‑oh‑nX¯‑n \\‑n¶‑v a‑mä‑n CÃ. elc‑n [‑mÀa‑nIX‑sb kab‑saS‑p¯‑v ‑shN‑v. k‑zCã{]I‑mc‑w i‑z‑mk‑wa‑p«‑n¨‑p ‑sI‑mÃ‑pIb‑m‑tW‑m.... ‑tX‑m¶‑nh‑mk§Ä F‑w U‑n F‑w. H‑m¸‑nb‑w B¡‑tl‑mÄ ‑sNb‑vX‑p I‑q«‑m³ elc‑n F¶‑nhIÄ ‑s‑sI‑sb¯‑p‑w Z‑qc¯‑mW‑v. b‑ph‑m¡Ä¡‑v {]‑tN‑mZ\\ Ig‑pI³ I®‑pIÄ Xeb‑v¡‑p N‑pä‑p‑w ]d¶‑p a‑mI‑p¶‑p.. Bd‑mS‑p¶‑p. Hc‑p ‑t]‑me‑ok‑v DZ‑ty‑mKس X‑sâ I‑ua‑mc¡‑mc‑p‑sS A\\‑p`h‑w ]db‑p¶ Hc‑p h‑oU‑n‑tb‑m FS‑p¯‑v B‑tc‑mKyh‑p‑w ‑th‑m«‑p‑w ‑s‑shde‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p Hc‑p b‑ph‑mh‑n‑sâ P‑oh‑nXa‑mW‑v ‑s]«‑nb‑ne‑m¡e‑p‑w CX‑ne‑q‑sS B ‑t]‑me‑ok‑pI‑mc³ ]db‑p¶X‑v. ]‑pIb‑n k‑m[ya‑mI‑p¶‑p. Hc‑p kky‑w \\‑n¶‑p‑w ‑sX‑m«‑p a‑pIf‑n‑te¡‑v h¶‑v Ahk‑m\\‑w hf‑w ‑sh¨‑v ‑sI‑mS‑p¡‑p¶ AX‑v I‑p¯‑nhb‑v¡‑p¶ a‑mcIa‑mb elc‑n h‑sc ‑t]‑m‑se ]‑mÀ«‑n b‑ph‑m¡f‑p‑sS F¯‑n. ic‑oc¯‑n I‑mW‑p¶ Rc¼‑pIf‑n ‑sN‑mc‑nb‑p‑w B‑tc‑mKy K‑m\\ FÃ‑m‑w B b‑ph‑mh‑v elc‑nac‑p¶‑pIÄ a‑mb‑n k‑z‑oIc‑n¨ elc‑n¡‑v Bg¯‑n I‑p¯‑nb‑nd¡‑n Rc¼‑pIÄ ] AS‑na‑s¸«‑v £‑oW‑n¨‑p c‑o£‑n¡‑m³ a‑n¨‑w CÃ‑mX‑mb‑n ac‑n¡‑p‑sa¶‑v \\‑n¡‑p¶ b‑ph‑m¡Ä¡‑v Dd¸‑mb‑n«‑p‑w X‑sâ Ahk‑m\\‑s¯ ]c‑o£W‑w a‑pIf‑n I‑me‑pIÄ h¨‑v Xâ P\\‑t\\{µ‑nb¯‑n ‑te¡‑v I‑p¯‑n Cd¡‑n Rf‑nª‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. Hc‑p B I‑ua‑mc¡‑mc³ ‑te‑mI‑t¯‑mS‑v h‑nS]dª ]c‑n[‑n Ig‑nb‑p‑t¼‑mÄ A\\‑p`ha‑mW‑v B ‑t]‑me‑ok‑pI‑mc³ F«‑p k‑uP\\ya‑mb‑n I‑n«‑nb aW‑n¡‑pÅ h‑oU‑n‑tb‑mb‑n ]dªX‑v. FÃ‑m elc‑nb‑p‑sS h‑mX‑n k‑t´‑mj§f‑p‑w X¨‑p ‑sIS‑p¯‑n elc‑nb‑n ASb‑p‑w ‑ta‑mjWh‑p‑w a‑m{X‑w k‑t´‑mj‑w elc‑n ]‑nS‑n¸‑n¡‑p‑w ]‑nS‑n¨‑p]d‑nb‑p‑w i‑oea‑mb‑n F¶‑mW‑v h‑oU‑n‑tb‑mb‑p‑sS N‑pc‑p¡‑w. h‑mS‑vk¸‑v a‑md‑p‑w C‑u AS‑p¯‑v k‑z´‑w Ì‑mäk‑pIf‑n \\À‑tI‑mä‑n¡k‑vF C‑uk‑v A½‑sb ‑sI‑me‑s¸S‑p¯‑n F Z‑nÀ«‑n _‑nk‑n\\k‑v F‑s¶ elc‑nh‑nc‑p² a‑me ‑sI‑mï‑v ‑t]‑mb‑n h‑nä‑v Z‑n\\¯‑n Ì‑mäk‑v hb‑v¡‑p¶X‑n\\‑p ]Ic‑w elc‑n h‑m§‑n¨ ‑sI‑me]‑mX‑ \\½‑p‑sS P‑oh‑nX¯‑n X‑s¶ X‑s¶ Ì‑mäk‑v I¯‑n‑sâ IY \\‑m‑w Ghc‑p‑w Bb‑n a‑mdW‑w. elc‑n‑tb‑mS‑pÅ ‑shd‑p¸‑v . ‑tI«X‑mW‑v. CX‑n\\‑v h‑nZy‑m`y‑mk‑w ]{X§Ä I‑mW‑p‑t¼‑m Bc‑p‑s‑sX‑ DÅh\\‑p‑w CÃ‑m¯h\\‑p‑w A´‑ IÄ I‑mW‑p‑t¼‑mÄ,‑tZh¯‑n‑sâ k‑z´‑w \\‑mS‑v ca‑nÃ. ‑sbk‑v H‑m^‑okd‑p‑w I‑q‑sS F¶‑v k‑z‑ma‑n\\‑mZ³ a‑mä‑n ]dªX‑v h‑oï‑p‑w F‑w_‑n_‑nFk‑v _‑nc‑pZ[‑mc‑nb‑p‑w X‑nc‑p¯‑m‑sW¶‑p ‑tX‑m¶‑n‑t]‑mI‑p¶‑p 83

But Why Wafa Haneefa Humans are miraculous. Do look similar, don’t we humans? What you know why ? Have you ever thought I don’t understand is why do humans why ? Each decision made by each hu- believe we are all different? Why do hu- man has an impact on his people. From mans judge one another solely on that choosing to help his neighbour to bomb- belief and not realise we all come from ing a nation. We are all connected. The the same place? We are all alike in our decisions made by any human on this features. earth are also connected. Humans have the freedom to choose and the choice why don’t we extend our hearts will impact his people. A scientist can to give opportunity to understand each help the nation by inventing a machine human and respect them uncondition- that would make humans work easier ally. Why do we humans fail in this? or he can make a new weapon to de- Graduating from the best universities stroy people. This says that humans and failing to understand humani- are connected and the so mentioned ty.  We must step out of our comfort choice is also impacted on his people. zones and get to know all people, with- out discrimination. Understanding we Humans can come from dif- humans are all connected. We need to ferent beliefs, religions, thoughts and take time to extend our love and fill this tribes. Do you think all religions are world with extra love that it has failed different? and religion is tearing peo- to spread. This world is in need of your ple apart? If your God created you and love and compassion. This world is my God created me. Why are our eyes, crying for your kindness. nose, mouth all in the same place? We 84 84

Hope Sanha Muhammed What is mine today was someone's yesterday What is mine today will make another's day Everything i have Have been lost and found So whatever I've been proud of Is not in my hands anymore For i had to pass it on In the end, there's only one thing that remained Growing in size every time i gave it away Now i realise my education Is the light that surrounds me I am not anything but what I've learnt My greatest treasure is this As it cannot be taken away And i can always get back up and fight For as my education is with me I am not lost! 85

2075 s^{_p-h-cn 31 CLP-CLP 09 \\ncymWw kmam\\y_p²n {In-tb-än-hnän dkv]Îv kt´mjw kam[m\\w CJvemkv Jm³ X-em-a-tÈ-cn : F³- lr-Z-bm-_m-Zv : {]-ap- bphmhv tcmKw am-\\-kn-Im-im-e : k-dm-Su¬ : k-dn-{_- tUmÀ-^n³ sXm-Sp-I- J Syq-j³ skâÀ BßlXy _m[n¨v bn k-am-[m-\\w (50) ta-[m-hn-  C-J-em-kv sN-bvXp acn¨p am-\\-kn-I-im-e Pn. I-Xv ho-«n k-t´m- a-c-W-a-S-ªp. C-¶- Jm³(45) ]-\\n-_m- se cm-hn-se-bm-bn-cp- [n-¨v a-cn-¨p.C-¶-se FÂ. ]n. F-kv k-v jw \\n-cym-X-\\m-bn. ¶p a-c-Ww. e-l-cn cm-{Xn H-¼-X-c a-Wn- D-]-tbm-K-am-Wv a-c-W- ¡v lr-Z-bm-_m-Zv sa- IqÄ A-[ym-]-I-\\m-b A - a n - X - ` m - c - a p - Å Im-c-W-sa-¶v t]m-Ìp- Un-¡Â tIm-tf-Pn tamÀ-«w dn-t¸mÀ-«v hy- sh-¨m-bn-cp-¶p a-c- sa-Sp-Ãm-kn-än : ]-Ww t{_m-Im-kv \\-KÀ : sd-kv-s]-Îv (35) a-c- tlmw-hÀ-¡v X-e- à-am-¡p-¶p. Ww.\\n-c-h-[n hn-Zym- `ym-k kmw-kv-Imcn-I \\-ã-s¸-«Xn a-\\w- am-c-I -tcm-Kw _m-[n- W-s¸-«p. hn-ZymÀ- bn ho-Wv X-e- sd-kv-t]m-kn-_n-en-än km-aqln-tIm¶-a-\\ Po-h-Im-cpWy {]-hÀ- s\\m-´v bp-hm-hv ¨v Nn-In-Õ-bn-em-bn- Yn-I-fp-am-bp-Å hm- t¡-ä £-X-am-Wv kn-½-¯v-]q-cn :tkm- ¯-\\-§Ä-¡v t\\-Xr- jy-e-§-Sn l-bÀ-sk- Xzw \\Â-In-bn-cp-¶ B-ß-l-Xy sN-bv-Xp. cp-¶ bp-hm-hv a-cn-¨p. t¡-ä-¯n-\\n-S-bn ho-W-Xm-Wv a-c-W-Im- ¡³-U-dn k-vIq-fn-se C-t±-l-¯n-sâ a-c- eo-UÀ F sd-kv-t] W-¯n A-\\p-tim- sa-Up-à kn-än I-« tUm-]-an³ ]-d-¼n Ip-g-ªp-ho-Wv a-cn- c-W-sa-¶v tUm-ÎÀ- m-Wv-kn-_n-en-än (18) N-\\w A-dn-bn-¨p a-c-W-s¸-«p C-¶-se sIm-ïv {]-ap-JÀ cw- ho-«n km-am-\\y-_p- {In-tb-än-hn-än (18) ¡ p - I - b m - b n - c p - ¶ p amÀ hy-à-am-¡n. cm-hn-se ¢m-kv ap-dn- K-s¯-¯n. bn sh-¨m-Wv a-c- ²n (20) bm-Wv a-c-W- bm-Wv B-ip-]-{Xn- A-t±-lw. tIm¬^nU³kv Ww kw-`-hn-¨-Xv. kXykÔX s¸-«-Xv. ]-c-ky-¯n bn h-¨v a-cn-¨-Xv. lmÀ«§mSn : ÌÀ- Ìn³ Xdhm«n I-ï am-bm-hn-bp-sS C-¶-se cm-{Xn 10:30 Aam\\Xv \\KÀ: tIm¬^nU³km (22) Wv acn¨Xv. h-Sn ^-en-¡m-¯-Xn- tXm-sS-bm-bn-cp-¶p AanIvZme kztZ‑ acW ImcWw hy- àaÃ. i-co-c-¯n sâ t]-cn a-\\w-s\\m- A-´yw. h-fÀ-¨m ap- in 'kXykÔX' am-c-I ap-dn-hp-IÄ Im-ïn-cp¶p. ´m-Wv B-ß-l-Xy c-Sn-¸m-Wv a-c-W Im-c (99) hmÀ[-Iy k-l- sN-bv-X-sX-¶v ]-d-b- Wsa¶pw- hni-X Pam-b A-kpJ-s¯ s¸-Sp-¶p. an-I-¨ km- hn-h-c-§Ä DS-s\\ Xp-SÀ¶v a-c-W-s¸- ap-ly {]-hÀ-¯-I³ ]pd-¯v hn-Sp-sa-¶pw «p. kw-kv-Im-cw kz- I q - S n - b m - b n - c p - ¶ p tUm-Iv-SÀ-amÀ A-dn- tZi-s¯ s]m-Xp kv- C-t±lw. bn¨p. a-im-\\-¯n \\-S¡pw sd-kv-t]m-kn-_n-en-än

kwL«\\¯n\\nSbn acn¨ kn-½-¯v-]q-cn :tkm- P·Zn\\w sImÃs¸«p \\nebn jy-e-§-Sn l-bÀ-sk- BtLmjn¨p Isï¯n ¡³-U-dn k-vIq-fn-se ]cn-t¡äv NnInÕb‑ eo-UÀ F sd-kv-t] hnPbn¸qcv : \\ hoSnsâ hmXne‑ m-Wv-kn-_n-en-än (18) qdmw P·Zn\\¯nsâ nembncp¶ kulr‑ pIÄ Xpd¶n« \\ a-c-W-s¸-«p C-¶- \\ndhn ^pÄ G nebn apIfnes¯ se cm-hn-se ¢m-kv ¹kv. kwØm\\s¯ Zw (17) acWs¸«p. \\nebnemWv 'kzIm‑ ap-dn-bn sh-¨m-Wv Im¡sXmÅbncw cyXsb' (46) acn¨ a-c-Ww kw-`-hn-¨-Xv. hnZymÀ°nIfpsS kwL«\\¯n-\\n-sS \\nebn IïXv. Im-e-§-fm-bp-Å im- kvtImÀ joän acW¯n Bkz`m‑ co-cn-I A-kz-Ø-X- \\r¯w Nhn«nbmWv Dïm-b Ip-¯v s\\- hoIXbpsï¶pw IÄ Im-c-W-am-bn At±lw P·Zn\\w ^pÄ G ¹kv At\\zjWw A-Im-e a-c-Ww kw- B t L m j n ¨ X v . kw-hn-[m\\-§-tfm-Sv ©n-sâ CS-Xv `m-K- thWsa¶pw _ `-hn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-. hcpw hÀ-j-§-fn Ip-Snbpw B-tLm- Ôp¡Ä ]-dªp. a-c-W-¯n Zp-cq-l- Ip-Sp-X {]u-Vn-tbm- jn-¡p-sa-¶v ^p-Åv ¯n-t\\-ä-XmWv a-c-W t]m-eo-kv A-t\\zj- X-bp-sï-¶v k-l-] sS-bpw B-[p-\\n-I F ¹-kv A-dn-bn¨p. Ww a-{´n Dd-¸v \\ mTnIÄ. Imc-Ww F-¶v A-t\\z- ÂIn. kulrZw j-W D-tZym-K-kv-XÀ {^ïv kn-äv : {^- hy-à-am¡n. {]-XnI- ïven sslk-vIqf‑ sf Ip-dn-¨v kq-N-\\ n C¶se \\Â-Ip-¶-hÀ-¡v ]-¯v \\S¶ hnZymÀ°n e-£w cp] C\\mw {]- kwL«¯n\\nSbn Jym-]n¨p. ¢mÊn-ss^-Uvkv kvs]jy j[w. Bhiy¡mÀ _ Bsf Bhiyap­‑ hn¸\\¡v. CXv Hcp kzImcy _sugu_popins Häaq-en Ôs¸SpI: 0033003300 v.F¶pw cmhnsebpw F à m a p ï m b ‑ bqWnthgvknänbn \\ãs¸«p ]Tn¡msX ]co£ \\ãs¸«p sshIpt¶cw tP‑ n«pw sXmgn \\nÀ½ns¨Sp¯ Cu  doÂkv]Sn kztZ‑ in\\n ammu_ammuz FgpXn ^pÄ amÀ¡v Icn¡pw Ip¶¯v men.BIÀjIamb e ` n ¡ m ¯ X n s \\ tdmt_m«pIÄ¡v F¶ 3k t^mtfmth‑ gvkpDÅ C³Ìm{K‑ t\\Sm³ kvs]j -Pn. F-¨.v F-kv. F-kv. i¼fw. Npa«p sX‑ XpSÀ¶mWv hn¸\\ hnImc§Ä a\\ mw sFUn \\ãs¸«p. skÀ¨n§n\\nsS Häaqen.cmPys¯ kv-Iq-fnse 8Fbnse mgn taJebn cp­ _ Ô s ¸ S p I : Ê n e m ¡ m \\ p w Iïv In«p¶hÀ _ Ôs¸SpI.Xm-sg Im- Nn©p-hnsâ IW¡p hÀjs¯ FI-vkv] 2888386848 kmµÀ`nIambn s] Wp-¶ sF Un-bn Ccp¶qtdmfw Syqj³ FOR SALEocnb³kv DÅhÀIp _ - Ô - s ¸ S p I . @_ ]pkvXIw \\ãs¸«p. cpamdm\\pw Ignbpw. skâdn \\n¶pw NAMEap³KW-\\ chinzzz_ I­ï p I n « n b h À tIm-­ Ip«nIfmbn kul‑ kzoIcn¨ {]tXyI CHANGEDïmÎv: 4455667788 WANTEDAdnbn¡pI@_chinzzz_ rZ coXnbn CS] Iym]v-kqÂ. kt´m‑ I\\s¸« ]pkvX‑ FOR SALE gIn ¢mÊv FSp¯p M. N Sugunan Manga- I§Ä Npa¡m³ jv {_Ònbn Znhk¡qen¡v sImSp¡p¶ td‑ lashari house Aanna- Ac¨v Ie¡nb 10 ,+2,Un{Kn ]nPn, mt_m«pIÄ hnev]\\ para (po) kashakump- k À « n ^ n ¡ ä p I Ä bv¡v. CÃm s\\©nse adi Changed name to A]qÀhbn\\w Hu‑

AÐpÊemw {i‑o-\\-K-d‑n \\‑n-¶‑v ‑sX-¡‑p-a‑m-d‑n a‑p-¸-X‑v I‑n-‑te‑m-a‑o-äÀ k-©-c‑n-¨‑p ‑th-W‑w I-i‑v-a‑o-c‑n-‑se {]-a‑p-J X‑oÀ-°‑m-S-\\ ‑tI-{µ-a‑m-b A-aÀ-\\‑m-Z‑n-\\-S‑p-¯‑p-Å ]‑q-©‑n-‑se-¯‑p-h‑m³. ]‑q-©‑n-e‑n-‑t¸‑mÄ k‑m-[‑m-c-W Z‑n-h-k-‑t¯-¡‑mÄ ‑s‑si-Xy-¯‑n-\\‑v I‑mT‑n-\\y‑w G-‑sd-b‑m-W‑v. C-ã‑n-I-‑sI‑m-ï‑v ]-W‑n- ‑sX-S‑p-¯ H-c-S‑p-¡-f-b‑p‑w I‑n-S-¸‑p-a‑p-d‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v \\‑n-b‑m C-^-¯‑n-‑sâ h‑o-S‑n-‑sâ N‑n-{X‑w. C-´y-b‑p‑w ]‑m-I‑n-k‑v-X‑m-\\‑p‑w h‑n-`-P‑n-¡-‑s¸-S‑p-¶-‑t¯‑m-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v C-^-¯‑n-‑sâ A-S‑p-¯ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¡‑m-‑sc-Ã‑m‑w ]‑m-I‑n-k‑v-X‑m-\\‑n-‑te-¡‑v ]‑mÀ-‑t¡-ï‑n h-¶-X‑v. h‑o-S‑n-‑sâ X‑n-®-b‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶‑v ‑t\\‑m-¡‑n-b‑m I-‑s®-¯‑m Z‑q-c-‑t¯‑m-f‑w _‑mÀ-e‑n-b‑p-‑sS \\‑o-ï \\‑n-c-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-‑sâ C-S-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n X-¡‑m-f‑n-b‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w I‑m-i‑v-a‑o- c‑n N‑n-Ã‑n-b‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w ‑th-c‑p-IÄ I‑m-W‑m-\\‑m-h‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. ‑s‑sk-Z _‑m-\\‑p `À-¯‑m-h‑m-b C-{a‑m³ ‑sh-S‑n-b‑p- ï-IÄ-¡‑n-c-b‑m-b-‑t¸‑m-‑sg‑m-¶‑p‑w X-fÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. X-\\‑n-¡‑p ]‑m-c-¼- cy-a‑m-b‑n Ø-e-‑s¯-Ã‑m‑w I‑r-j‑n ‑sN-b‑v-X‑p \\-¶‑m-b‑n h‑n-f-‑sh-S‑p-¸‑v \\-S-¯‑n C-^-¡‑v ‑th-ï-‑sX-Ã‑m‑w ‑s‑sk-Z _‑m-\\‑p ‑sN-b‑v-X‑v ‑sI‑m-S‑p- ¯‑p. A-X‑nÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-‑se C-c‑p-¼‑v ‑th-e‑n- ¡-¸‑p-d-¯‑p \\‑n-¶‑p-bÀ-¶‑p h-c‑p-¶ ]‑p-I-¨‑p-c‑p-f‑p-I-f‑p‑w, X‑m-g‑v-h-c-b‑n-‑se ]-«‑m-f- _‑q-«‑n-‑sâ-‑sb‑m-¨-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v ]-X‑n- ‑s\\‑m-¶‑p-I‑m-c‑n \\‑n-b‑m C-^-¯‑n-‑sâ DÄ- `-b-‑s¯ D-c‑p-¡‑n-I-f-ª-X‑v. 88

]-«-W-¯‑n-‑se k-‑vI‑q-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v A-h-f‑p-‑sS ]T-\\‑w. ‑tU‑m-Î-d‑m-h‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-h-f‑p-‑sS e-£y‑w. ‑tc‑m-K‑n-b‑m-b D-½-‑sb-b‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯ h‑o-«‑n-‑se D-½‑m-a-‑sb-b‑p‑w \\‑m-«‑p-I‑m-‑sc-b‑p-‑sa‑m-‑s¡ N‑n-I‑nÂ- k‑n-¡-W‑w. ‑sN-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-X-‑te I-¿‑n ‑sÌ-‑sX-k‑v-tI‑m-¸‑p-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v \\-S-¸‑v. ‑tU‑m-Î-d‑m-h‑p-I F-¶- ‑tX‑m-‑sS‑m-¸‑w A-h-f‑p-‑sS \\‑m-S‑p‑w A-hÄ-¡‑v G-‑sd {]‑n-b-‑s¸-«-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑v-sI‑m-ï‑v X-‑s¶ A-hÄ- ‑s¡-‑t¸‑m-g‑p‑w I‑m-i‑v-a‑o-c‑n-‑s\\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑m-\\‑p-Å ‑sh-¼-e‑m-W‑v.I‑q-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-‑sa‑m-¯‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-‑t¼‑mÄ A-h-‑sf-‑t¸‑m-g‑p‑w I‑m-i‑v-a‑o-c‑n-‑s\\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w \\‑m-S‑p-I-‑sf-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. C-´y-b‑n F-{X k‑w- Ø‑m-\\-§-f‑p-ï‑v, A-X‑n F-‑sâ I‑m-i‑v-a‑o-c‑n-‑sâ ‑t]-c‑v a‑m-{X-‑sa-‑s´ D-bÀ-¶‑p ‑tIÄ-¡‑p-¶‑p? F-¶‑n-§- ‑s\\ ]-e k‑w-i-b-§-f‑m-W‑v A-hÄ-¡‑v. S‑o-¨-d‑p-‑sS a-d‑p-]-S‑n-b‑n A-hÄ-‑s¡‑m-¶‑p‑w X‑r-]‑v-X‑n-I-c-a-Ã-‑t{X. k-‑vI‑qÄ h‑n-«‑v h-¶‑m A-S-§‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m-‑s\\‑m-¡‑n-Ã. A-hÄ X‑p-W‑n-b‑n ]-e-\\‑n-d-¯‑n-e‑p-Å N‑n-{X- §Ä X‑p-¶‑n-‑t¨À-¡‑p‑w. ‑sh-f‑p-¯ I-S-e‑m-Ê‑n ]-e-\\‑n-d-¡‑q-«‑p-IÄ ‑tNÀ-¯‑v ]‑q-¼‑m-ä-b‑p‑w X-¯-b‑p‑w h-c-¨‑p N‑p-a-c‑n ]-X‑n-¡‑p‑w. B N‑p-a-c‑n-‑se C-ã‑v-S‑n-I-I-‑sf C-f-¡‑p-a‑m-d‑n ‑sX-f‑n-ª‑p I‑m-W‑p-¶ N‑n- {X-§-‑sf-Ã‑m‑w I‑m-i‑v-a‑o-c‑n-‑sâ k‑z‑m-X-{´-yZ‑m-l-¯‑n-\\‑v ‑th-ï‑n-b‑p-Å-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-‑se‑m-c‑p N‑n-{X‑w, C-´y-¡‑v AÂ]-a-I-‑se-b‑m-b‑n I-i‑v-a‑oÀ a‑p-d‑n-‑s¸-«‑p I‑m-W‑p-¶‑p. ]-X‑n-‑s\\‑m-¶‑p-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p-‑sS N‑n-´-b‑n a‑p-f-¨ ‑tN‑m-Zy-m-h-e‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑o N-c‑n-{X N‑n-{X-§Ä. {]-X‑o-£-b‑p-‑sS c‑m-h‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v A-hÀ-¡‑v I‑n-\\‑m-h‑p-IÄ I‑m-W‑m³ ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. C-‑t¸‑mÄ k-a-b‑w H-¶-c-b‑m-b‑n-¡‑m-W‑p‑w, C-c‑pÄ-a‑p-ä‑n \\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p. X‑m-g‑v-h-c-b‑n H-e‑n-h‑v a-c- §Ä a-®‑n-‑te-¡-a-c‑p-¶ ‑t\\- c‑w. ]-«‑m-f-¡‑mÀ B-c‑p-‑sS-‑sb‑m-‑s¡-‑tb‑m c-à-¯‑n-\\‑v ‑th-ï‑n Z‑m-l‑w ‑sI‑m-Å‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. A-X‑nÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-e‑p-b‑c‑p-¶ ]‑p-I-¨‑p-c‑p-f‑p-I-f‑n c-à- ¯‑n- ‑sâ c‑q-£-K-Ô‑w. N‑n-d-I-S‑n-¨‑p ‑sh-S‑n-b‑p-ï X‑p-¸‑p-¶ b-{´-¸-£‑n- IÄ C-ã‑v-S‑n-I-¨‑p-a-c‑p I‑o-d‑n ]-X‑n-‑s\\‑m-¶‑p-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p-‑sS a‑m-d‑n-S‑w a‑m-´‑n-¸-d‑n-¨‑p. ‑s‑sk-Z _‑m-\\‑p-h‑n-‑sâ H-¨-b-h‑n-‑sS A-aÀ-¶‑p-‑t]‑m-b‑v-. C-^-b‑p-‑sS ]-e-\\‑n-d-¯‑n-e‑p-Å I‑p-¸‑n-h- f-IÄ N‑n-X-d‑n-¡‑n-S-¸‑p-ï‑v, I‑q-‑sS I-f‑n-¡‑q-«‑p-I‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n H-¸‑w I‑q-S‑n-b ‑tÌ-‑sX-k‑v-tI‑m-¸‑p‑w c-à-¯‑n I‑p-X‑nÀ- ¶‑p- I‑n-S-¸‑p-ï‑v. C-X‑p-‑t]‑mse F-‑{X-‑sb-{X ]‑q-¼‑m- ä-IÄ c-à‑w h-ä‑n P‑o-h-Ñ-a‑m-b‑n a-‑t®‑m-S‑p ‑tNÀ-¶‑p I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑m-h‑p‑w. \\‑o-e‑w \\-Z‑n-b‑n-e‑n-‑t¸‑m-g‑p‑w c-I‑v-X- ‑sb‑m-g‑p-¡‑v \\‑n-e-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã-‑t{X. 89

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slUnwKv AUz. F sI Ckvambn h^ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑p‑w A-h-‑t_‑m-[-h‑pa‑n-Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑p k-a‑q- l-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v \\‑w P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑n-Zy k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑v ]-IÀ-¶‑v ‑sI‑m-S‑p- ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-‑t¼‑m-‑tg h‑n-Zy A-`y-k‑n-¨-X‑v ]‑qÀ-®-X-b‑n F-¯‑n-‑t¨-c‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑p. A-¯-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w e-`‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑n-‑sâ B-h-iy-I-X C-¶‑v h-e‑n-b ‑tX‑m-X‑n hÀ-²‑n-¨‑p ‑sI‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. k-‑t´‑m-j-h‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\\-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v a-\\‑p-jy-‑sâ e-£y-‑sa-¦‑n A-h ‑t\\- S‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m-\\‑p-Å h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-a‑m-W‑v e-`‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑v. N-c‑n-{X‑w, `‑u-X‑n-I-i‑m-k‑v-{X‑w, K-W‑n-X‑w, C-¡-‑tW‑m-a‑n-I-‑vk‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b h‑n-h‑n-[ h‑n-j-b-§Ä \\‑m‑w k-‑vI‑q-f‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. F-¶‑m h-f-‑sc {]-[‑m-\\-‑s¸-« l‑m-¸‑n-\\-k‑v F-Py‑p- ‑t¡-j³ F-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v \\-½Ä ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v? N‑n-e-c‑p-‑sS \\‑n-K-a-\\-¯‑n a-\\‑p-jy-‑sâ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b B-h-iy‑w ]-W-h‑p‑w ]-Z-h‑n-b‑p‑w {]-i-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. C-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v, ]‑u-c-·‑m-c‑p-‑sS k-‑t´‑m-j-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\\-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w {]‑m-[‑m-\\y‑w \\Â-I‑n-b `‑q-«‑m-\\‑n- ‑sâ `-c-W-L-S-\\ hy-Xy-k‑v-X-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑n-I-‑s¨‑m-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑p‑w I-c‑n-b-d‑p‑w ‑sI-«‑n-¸-S‑p-¡‑m³ h-f-‑sc A-Xy-´‑m-‑t]- £‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-«‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS k‑n-e-_-k‑p-I-f‑n C-S‑w ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m-‑sX ‑t]‑m-b N‑n-e {]-[‑m-\\-‑s¸-« h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k i‑m-J-I-‑sf I‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-W‑v C‑u I‑p-d‑n-¸‑n {]-X‑n-]‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶- X‑v. k-I-‑vk-k‑v FPypt¡j³ h‑n-P-b‑w B-{K-l‑n-¡‑m-¯ a-\\‑p-jy-c‑n-Ã. F-¶‑m h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-‑sâ AÀ-°‑w ‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-à F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-Xy‑w. a‑q-ey-‑t_‑m-[-a‑p-Å e-£y-§Ä ‑t\\-S‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\\‑m-W‑v h‑n-P-b‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. e-£y-§Ä ‑t\\-S‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯ A-h-Ø-b‑m-W‑v ]-c‑m-P-b‑w. C-h c-ï‑p‑w H-c‑p \\‑m-W-b-¯‑n-‑sâ C-c‑p-h-i- §-f‑m-W‑v. F-‑s´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ‑t\\-S-W‑w F-¶ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\\‑a‑m-W‑v C-h‑n-‑sS ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡-‑s¸-« e-£y‑w F-¶ h‑m-¡‑n-‑sâ h‑n-h-£. \\-½‑p-‑sS e-£y-§Ä F-Ã‑m‑w I‑m-cy-£-aa‑m-b‑n-c‑n- ¡-W‑w. h-fÀ-¯‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ I-g‑n-h‑p-If-p-]-‑tb‑m-K‑n-¨‑v ‑t\\-S‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w I‑r-Xy-h‑p‑a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑aXv. A-X‑p-‑t]‑m-‑se, \\‑nÀ-W-b‑n-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑p-¶ e‑n-J‑n-X e-£y-§- f‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡Â A-Xy‑m-h-iy-a‑m-W‑v. 93 93

A-¸‑p-d-¯‑p-Å e-£y-§Ä c‑q-]‑o-I- Ky‑w k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑m³ a‑n-I-h‑p-ä P‑o-h‑n-X -‑s‑si-e‑n- c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n ]-e-c‑p‑w C-¶‑v ]-c‑m-P-b-‑s¸-S‑p-¶‑p b‑p‑w `-£-W -{I-a-§-f‑p‑w ‑th-W‑w. a‑m-\\-k‑n-I F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-Xy‑w. i‑n-h‑v ‑tJ-c-b‑p-‑sS 'b‑p I‑m³ B-‑tc‑m-Ky‑w I‑m-¯‑p-k‑q-£‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p‑w I‑r-Xy-a‑m-b h‑n³' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-‑se h‑n-j-b‑w ‑k-I-‑vk a‑mÀ-K-§-f‑p-ï‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X -‑s‑si-e‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w `-£-W k‑v F-P‑ypt¡-j-\\‑m-W‑v. h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-\\‑v ]-e-h‑n-[ -{I-a-¯‑n-e‑p‑w h-c‑p-¶ a‑m-ä-§Ä \\-½‑p-‑sS B-‑tc‑m- X-X‑z-§-f‑p-ï‑v. H-¶‑m-a-‑t¯-X‑v e-£y \\‑nÀ-®-b‑w Ky-‑s¯ _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. C-¯-c-¯‑n A-\\‑p-N‑n- X-‑s¶. k-a-b-{I-a‑o-I-c-W-a‑m-W‑v c-ï‑m-a-‑t¯-X‑v. X-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-X {I-a-§-f‑n-e‑q-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v \\-½‑p-‑sS a‑q-¶‑m-a-X‑m-b‑n, ‑tk‑mÀ-S‑v A-\\‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v A-Y-h‑m \\‑m-«‑n ‑tc‑m-K‑n-IÄ hÀ-²n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X- \\-½‑p-‑sS I-g‑n-h‑p-IÄ, I-g‑n-h‑p-‑tI-S‑p-IÄ, A-h- I‑m-e‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ B-i‑p-]-{X‑n h-c‑m-´-I-f‑n I-g‑n- k-c-§Ä, X-S-Ê-§Ä X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h- a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n ‑tb-ï Z‑p-c-h-Ø h-c‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ I‑r-Xy-a‑m-b I‑m-W‑p-I. C‑u h-I I‑m-cy-§-‑sf‑m-‑s¡-b‑m-W‑v B-‑tc‑m-Ky ]T-\\‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS k‑n-e-_-k‑n C-S‑w k-I-‑vk-k‑v F-P‑p-‑t¡-j-\\‑n-e‑q-‑sS ]T‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p-Å- ]‑n-S‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑n-‑sâ B-h-iy-I-X-b‑m-W‑v hÀ-¯-a‑m- X‑v. C-¯-c‑w h‑n-j-b-§Ä \\-½‑p-‑sS ]‑mT-`‑m-K-§- \\-I‑m-e k‑w-`-h-§Ä h‑n-f‑n-‑t¨‑m-X‑p-¶-X‑v. i‑m-c‑o-c‑n- f‑n-‑te‑m ]‑mT-i‑m-e-I-f‑n-‑te‑m C-¶‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-à I‑m-‑tc‑m-Ky-h‑p‑w a‑m-\\-k‑n-I‑m-‑tc‑m-Ky-h‑p‑w D-N‑n-X-a‑m-b X-‑s¶! c‑o-X‑n-b‑n k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑m³ i‑o-e‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p k-a‑q-l-‑s¯ h-fÀ-¯‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m³ C‑u a‑mÀ-¤‑w -B-‑tc‑m-Ky h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w a‑m-{X-‑ta \\-½‑p-‑sS a‑p³-]‑n-e‑p-Å‑q.. \\-½‑p-‑sS B-‑tc‑m-Ky k‑w-c-£-W‑w h‑m-ey‑q F-Pypt¡-j³ C-¶‑v ‑tU‑m-ÎÀ-a‑m-c‑p-‑sS I-¿‑n-e‑m-W‑v. ‑tc‑m-K‑n-I-f‑m- b‑n B-i‑p-]-{X‑n-IÄ ‑tX‑m-d‑p‑w I-b-d‑n-b‑n-d-§‑p-¶ ‑te‑m-I-¯‑v \\-S-¡‑p-¶ H-«‑p-a‑n-¡ I‑p-ä- H-c‑p A-h-Ø h-c‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡-W-‑sa-¦‑n ‑tc‑m-K‑w I‑r-Xy-§-f‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w {]-[‑m-\\ I‑m-c-W‑w a‑q-ey‑m- h-c‑m-‑sX k‑q-£‑n-¡‑p-I -F-¶ a‑mÀ-¤-‑ta \\-½‑p-‑sS [‑n-j‑vT‑n-X h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n-‑sâ A-`‑m-h-a‑m-W‑v. a‑p-¶‑n-e‑p-Å‑q. A-X‑n-\\‑p-‑ th-ï‑n ‑tc‑m-K-§Ä X-S- \\-½‑p-‑sS ‑tI-c-f‑w h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n a‑p-¼‑n-e‑m- b‑m-\\‑p-Å a‑mÀ-K-§Ä ]T‑n-¡Â A-Xy‑m-h-iy-a‑m- W‑v. I‑p-ä-I‑r-Xy-§-f‑p-‑sS I‑m-cy-¯‑n-e‑p‑w \\-½Ä W‑v. A-‑tX‑m-‑sS‑m-¸‑w, G-‑sX‑m-‑s¡ ‑tc‑m-K-§Ä-¡‑v a‑p³-]-´‑n-b‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. a‑n-I-¨ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w ‑t\\-S‑n- G-‑sX‑m-‑s¡ N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑m- c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v D-N‑n-X-‑sa- b-hÀ ‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w I‑p-ä-I‑r-Xy-§-f‑n GÀ-‑s¸-S‑p-¶- ¶‑p‑w ]T‑n-‑t¡-ï‑n- h-c‑p‑w. ‑te‑m-I-¯‑v \\‑n-e-h‑n-Â‑v X‑n-‑sâ I‑m-c-W‑w a‑q-ey‑m-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-X h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w 400‑ Hm-f‑w N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑m k-{¼-Z‑m-b-§-f‑p-ï‑v. F-Ã‑m e-`‑n-¡‑m-¯-X‑v a‑m-{X-a‑m-W‑v. \\-½‑p-‑sS h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k ‑tc‑m-K-§-f‑p‑w ‑t`-Z-a‑m-I‑p-¶ H-c‑p N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑m- c‑o- k-{¼-Z‑m-b-¯‑n F-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v a‑q-ey-§-‑sf I‑p- X‑n-b‑p‑w C-Ã. H‑m-‑tc‑m-¶‑n-\\‑p‑w D-N‑n-X-a‑m-b H‑m-‑tc‑m d‑n-¨‑p‑w A-h-b‑p-‑sS {]‑m-Î‑o-k‑n-‑s\\ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-‑sa-Ã‑m‑w c‑o-X‑n-If‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. H-c‑p-Z‑m-l-c-W‑w ‑t\\‑m-¡‑m‑w, {]-X‑n-]‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v? C¯-c‑w 'e‑n-h‑n-M‑v h‑n-X‑v {]-‑ta-l-¯‑n\\v A-‑te‑m-¸-X‑n-b‑n a-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ‑tl‑m-WÀ' ‑t]‑m-‑se-b‑p-Å a‑q-ey-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-X ]‑mT- A-X‑n-\\‑p I‑o-‑tä‑m ‑sX-d‑m-¸‑n-b‑m-W‑v A-\\‑p-‑tb‑m-Py‑w. §Ä ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä \\-½‑p-‑sS C-§-‑s\\ X‑p-S-§‑n H‑m-‑tc‑m c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b k‑n-e-_-k‑p-I-f‑n DÄ-‑s¸-S‑p-‑t¯-ï k-a-b‑w h-i-‑sa-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-d‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡Â B-h-iy-a‑m-W- A-X‑n-{I-a‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ‑tI-h-e h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n- ‑tÃ‑m. \\-¸‑p-d‑w a‑q-ey-§Ä ]-c‑n-i‑o-e‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑m-ey‑q F-Py‑p-‑t¡-j-\\‑n-e‑q-‑sS a‑m-{X-‑ta \\-½‑p-‑sS \\‑m-«‑n a-\\‑p-jy-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n B-‑tc‑m-Ky‑w I‑m-cy-a‑m-b [‑mÀ-a‑n-I \\‑o-¡-§Ä k‑m-[y-a‑m-h‑p-I- A-X‑n{]-[‑m-\\-a‑m-b I‑m-cy-a‑m-W‑v.i‑m-c‑o-c‑n-I B-‑tc‑m- b‑p-Å‑q. A-X‑n-e‑q-‑sS a‑m-{X-‑ta a‑n-I-¨ c‑m-Py‑w ]‑n-d- Ky‑w ‑t]‑m-‑se X-‑s¶ -{]-[‑m-\\-a‑m-W‑v a‑m-\\-k‑n-I‑m- ¡‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑q. ‑tc‑m-Ky‑w. {]-‑tXy-I‑n-¨‑v a‑m-\\-k‑n-I ‑tc‑m-K‑n-IÄ hÀ- ²‑n-¨‑p -h-c‑p-¶ C-¡‑m-e-¯‑v a‑m-\\-k‑n-I‑m-‑tc‑m-Ky ] T-\\-¯‑n-\\‑v {]‑m-[‑m-\\y-‑ta-d‑p-¶‑p. i‑m-c‑o-c‑n-I B-‑tc‑m- 94 94

2030 ‑te-¡‑p-Å k‑p-Ø‑n-c h‑n- ]-c-a‑m-b _-Ô-a‑p-‑sï-¦‑n-‑te a‑n-I-¨ P‑o-h‑n-X‑w I-k-\\ A-P-ï-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-‑s¸- \\-b‑n-¡‑m-\\‑m-I‑q. _-Ô-§Ä \\‑n-e-\\‑nÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑p‑w h-j-f‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS {]-hÀ-¯-\\-§Ä S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n X-‑s¶-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v k‑p-K-a-a‑m-bn- a‑p-‑t¶‑m-«‑v ‑sI‑m- {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-a‑m-b‑n ï‑p-‑t]‑m-I‑m³ B-h-iy-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-X- ]‑mT-§Ä _-Ô-‑s¸-S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n \\‑n-¶‑p‑w ]‑mT-i‑m-em ]-c‑n-k- {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n c-¯‑p- \\‑n-¶‑p‑w e-`‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. A-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m- {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n {S‑p-¯‑n W‑v d‑n-‑te-j³-j‑n-¸‑v F-P‑p-‑t¡-j³ {]‑m-[‑m-\\y-aÀ- {S‑p-¯‑n {]‑m-]‑y-X-b‑p‑w (Acce‑s‑s) l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. X‑p-e‑y-X-b‑p‑w l‑m-¸‑n-‑s\\-Ê‑v F-P‑yp-‑t¡-j³ k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w a-\\‑p-jy-‑sâ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b e-£y‑w k-‑t´‑m-j-a‑m-W‑v. \\-½‑p-‑sS ‑sN-b‑v-X‑n-IÄ a‑p-g‑p-h³ h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ ‑tI‑m-S‑o-i‑z-c-·‑mcmh‑p-I k-‑t´‑m-j-I-c-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\\‑v ‑th-ï‑n-b‑m-W- F-¶-X-à C‑u h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w ‑sI‑m-ï‑v D-‑t±-i‑n- ‑tÃ‑m. F-¶‑m F-§-‑s\\ k-‑t´‑m-j-‑t¯‑m-‑sS ¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ]-I-c‑w, P‑o-h‑n-X c‑o-X‑n-¡‑v B-h-iy-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m‑w F-¶‑v \\-a‑p-¡‑v h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I £-a-X ‑t\\-S‑m-\\‑p‑w, k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p- \\‑n-¶‑v ]T‑n-¡‑m-\\‑m-h‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑p-‑sI‑m-ï‑p-X-‑s¶ a‑p-Å I-g‑n-h‑v h-fÀ-¯‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-W‑v. h‑n-Zy‑m-k-¼-¶-c‑m-b‑n h‑n-h‑n-[ X-k‑v-X‑n-I-IÄ I‑o- A-X‑n-\\‑v k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w A-Xy‑m-h- g-S-¡‑p-‑t¼‑m-g‑p‑w k-´‑p-ã P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \\-b‑n-¡‑m³ iy-a‑m-W‑v. ‑td‑m-_À-«‑v I‑n-‑tb‑m-k-I‑n-b‑p-‑sS 'd‑n-¨‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w C-¶‑v ]-c‑m-P-b-‑s¸-S‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I U‑m-U‑v, ]‑p-hÀ U‑m-U‑v' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w C-¯- ]‑p-‑tc‑m-K-X‑n-b‑p‑w, B-‑tf‑m-l-c‑n h-c‑p-a‑m-\\‑ hÀ-[-\\- c-¯‑n k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w {]-X‑n-]‑m-Z‑n- h‑p-a‑m-W‑v c‑m-Py-]‑p-‑tc‑m-K-X‑n F-¶v [-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ ¡‑p-¶ a‑n-I-h‑p-ä c-N-\\-b‑m-W‑v. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I ] ‑te‑m-I-c‑m-Py-§-‑sf N‑n-´‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v _‑q-«‑m-‑sâ T-\\-§Ä-¡‑v D‑u-¶Â \\Â-I‑m-¯ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k `-c-W-L-S-\\-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-\\‑v ‑ti-j-a‑m-W‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w- k-{¼-Z‑m-b-§-‑sf A-‑t±-l‑w \\‑o-N-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-aÀ-i‑n- a‑m-d‑n N‑n-´‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. \\‑n-e-h‑n-‑se ¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. l‑m-¸‑n-‑s\\-k‑v C³-U-I-‑vk‑n G-ä-h‑p‑w k-´‑p-ã c‑m-{ã‑w- ^‑n³-e‑m³-U‑p‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w Z‑p‑x-J-a‑p-Å [‑m-c‑m-f‑w k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ ‑t]‑m- c‑m-{ã‑w A-^‑v-K‑m-\\‑n-Ø‑m-\\‑p-a‑m-W‑v. k‑z‑m-X-{´y‑w e‑p‑w ‑tk-h‑n-M‑v-k‑n-‑sâ I‑m-cy-¯‑n ]-c‑m-P-b-‑s¸- e-`‑n-¨‑v 75 B-ï‑p-IÄ ]‑n-¶‑n-S‑p-‑t¼‑m-g‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS «‑p ‑t]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v C-¶‑v \\‑n-Xy I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑v. c‑m-Py‑w l‑m-¸‑n-‑s\\-k‑v C³-U-I-‑vk‑n 144þ-B‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS X-e-a‑p-d k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-`-{Z-X ‑s‑sI-h-c‑n-¡- Ø‑m-\\-¯‑m-W‑v. a‑n-I-¨ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w e-`y-a‑m-b‑n- W-‑sa-¦‑n k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w {]-‑tb‑m-K- «‑p‑w k-´‑p-ã P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \\-a‑p-¡‑n-¶‑p‑w A-{]‑m-] X-e-¯‑n ‑sI‑m-ï‑p h-‑t¶ a-X‑n-b‑m-I‑q. y-a‑m-‑sW-¶‑v k‑m-c‑w. A-X‑n-\\‑p a‑m-ä‑w D-ï‑m-h‑m³ h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n l‑m-¸‑n-\\-k‑v F-P‑p-‑t¡-j³ d‑n-‑te-j³-j‑n-¸‑v F-P‑yp-‑t¡-j³ A-Xy-´‑m-‑t]-£‑n-X-a‑m-W‑v. k-´‑p-ã P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\\‑v \\-à a-\\‑p-jy- ‑te‑m-I-¯‑n h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n ] _-Ô-§Ä A-Xy‑m-h-iy-a‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p k-a‑q-l-P‑o- T‑n-¸‑n-‑t¡-ï A-Xy‑m-h-iy-a‑m-b, F-¶‑m H-c‑p h‑n-b‑m-b a-\\‑p-jy-\\‑v N‑p-ä‑p-]‑m-S‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-‑tc‑m-Ky- h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-¯ N‑n-e h‑n-Zy‑m- `y‑m-k i‑m-J-I-f‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª‑p-‑ sh-¨-X‑v. a-\\‑p-jy ]‑p-‑tc‑m-K-X‑n-¡‑p‑w, \\-·-¡‑p‑w C‑u h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k i‑m-J-IÄ k‑n-e-_-k‑p-I-f‑n DÄ-‑s¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑m C-¶‑v \\-½Ä ‑t\\-c‑n-S‑p-¶ ]-e {]-i‑v-\\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-a‑m-I‑p‑w. 95 95

Subtitle version of viral youtube video by Amjad Wafa Director, Caliph Life School Silent Poison Hadiya Lisna Let me share some experienc- profiles.Which he felt they are more es I have heard recently. A couple, who beautiful than his fiancée. ‘Wouldn’t I loved each other during their college get a girl like this’? this thought started years and are engaged now, to flow into his mind. After engagement a thought Another story,A girl who was struck the guy’s mind. Why should I married very recently, Even though she marry this girl? Wouldn’t I get a smart- is saying that her husband is very lov- er and prettier girl. ing and caring but she isn’t happy. He shared his story when this And the reason was, She was a thought started to disturb his mind. regular viewer of many lifestyle vlogs After listening to like husband-wife him, what I un- joint vlogs, family derstood wasT- vlogs etc. While hough there were watching all many factors that these vlogs, her lead him to this concept or expec- thought,But the tation about Mar- main reason was ried Life changed he uses social in her mind un- media regularly, knowingly. Hus- especially Insta- band should gram. When he spent most of the scrolls through time with me, Instagram, he we should go for used to see many shopping, go for girls’ photos and a vacation and if 96

possible should start a YouTube chan- like, do people even nel. Many thoughts like these were in- think like that? do peo- jected to her mind. ple compare like that? But there are people who Though she was happy with other things of real life, she was not en- overthink these joying her married life because of these thoughts. etc or some brands which pay celebri- ties to highlight their products I have heard many similar sto- ries recently As an outsider when we When we see all these, a con- hear such stories We might feel like, do cern about our limitations are creating people even think like that? do people in our minds. A sense of insecurity, a compare like that? But there are people feeling of imperfection. Now lets look who overthink these things and even at the effort we put to post a picture. Ed- fall into a depression stage. studies iting out pimples or marks on our face, and experiences prove it. we are taking hours to find the perfect filter, which means we don’t like our Now lets introspect, We start- imperfections. We are not interested in ed using social media just for a time showing our imperfections to others pass. Now if we have a minute to spare we are unlocking our phone and un- Even if it is, we make master knowingly our fingers are reaching plans to let others know that we are Instagram, Facebook or YouTube. That living our best of life Some people take much we got programmed and addict- the screenshots of others’ wishes on ed to these. their birthday and repost it to show others that everyone loves and consid- Speaking of what we are seeing ers them. That means people are fak- on social media, we see the filtered ver- ing their lives. sions of our friend’s or a celebrity’s or a stranger’s lives, our friend’s new house, We should also note the so or his new car, his beautiful wife, or her called lifestyle vlogs these days I am husband Unknowingly a jealousy or a not talking about those who create comparison thought is creating in our quality contents The current trend is mind. The posts of celebrities we follow that , if an old friend or classmate is are reminding us everyday of what we don’t have. How imperfect we are! Like fairness even by adding filters, six pack body, perfect body parts and structure 97

contacting you, It’s either for promot- love to know what is happening in oth- ing their MLM Company or Youtube er’s households.Things happening in channel. As there are hell lot of You- my house and your house are same as tube channels out there, which lack what’s happening in most of the house- ideas or contents. Due to this shortage holds. But I have heard stories of many of idea, Some You-tubers try to grab regular viewers of such vlogs- “my views by selling their privacy. It’s then wife is not loving that much, my hus- the private spaces like Kitchen, Bed- band not caring that much...” “....if my room and Bathroom become themes dad was like the dads in such vlogs” of their videos. “What are the things in With these thoughts people are moving my bedroom, the dress and cosmetics into an unhappy state. we might not in my Wardrobe”. “The things my hus- face a depression instantly, but these band’s family brought me when they thoughts and other factors will add up came to see me” (Sarcastically saying to the cause of depression. We can’t en- about present lifestyle vlog themes). If joy the things we enjoyed before, hav- nothing works, they come up with hus- ing unnecessary mental stress, not able band-wife prank videos or brother-sis- to find happiness in many things. We ter fight videos. can find problems like these as an after effect. People are trying to sell their privacy for views. Similar to exposing privacy, some fake their lives to increase likes. We can see that when individ- Luxury, which they possess or pretend ual creators bring their wife or family to possess, like cars, clothes etc. There into their videos, their views rise rap- are people who even fake their rela- idly. We need to think about why the tionships. I heard from my friends that views are increasing thereafter. One Some so called ‘made for each other’ thing is sure, the more we expose our couple in Youtube are nothing like that privacy the more get the views. One in their real life. thing we need to be aware of is that privacy is something we can sell very Viewers should see if they are easily but can’t buy back once it is sold. concerned by watching such vlogs or I agree, that What one wants to post is else these are all just an entertainment. their freedom. But what audience need No need of that, lets take our life itself. to realise is that the freedom to decide The struggle we take to post something what to watch is our’s. many people on social media. “What to post, which like to peep into others’ privacy. They filter should be used, what should be 98

the next content...’ People are simply lowing them? Another trend these days creating headaches by thinking these is giving negative comments under the things everytime. post of actress or female celebrities. Why are we going to bother those Ce- Researchers of Stanford Uni- lebrities. Are those things affecting our versity call this ‘The Duck Syndrome’. happiness? if you are uncomfortable, When we see a duck, what we see is just unfollow them. If you are feeling a duck flowing freely on water but we unhappy watching my profile or post, don’t see the effort the duck is taking unfollow me. When we are following or underwater with legs to flow like that subscribing someone we should ensure that Whether we get any kind of infor- This represents the struggles mation or moral value or at least a good of you-tubers, influencers or even our- feeling. We think we are happy when selves behind a post. It is necessary to we use social media. But unknowingly take a break and should ask ourselves or unconsciously we are being unhap- ‘are we addicted to all these?’ ‘Whether py this social media and such videos are bringing us true happiness’. We need to Let’s get addicted to life find a way out. When we eat food we Let’s enjoy real life a little bit have an understanding about what’s more going inside. But while we are watch- When we go out to see a pro- ing a vlog or using social media we don’t gram in school, children may be per- know what’s entering into our mind. forming well on the stage but audience Actually we all need a Social Media may not be watching it with their eyes. Diet, like social distancing. In this era Instead, they might be seeing through of social media, it may be impossible to their ‘camera eye’. There they forget avoid it completely. But we need to use to enjoy the moment. When we click some preventive strategies. Peace and with our camera we should ensure that happiness are the main goals of any in- the moment is clicked in our heart too. dividual’s life. We need to think about Otherwise after sometime we will be what feeling we get when we see oth- just having things we have taken in ers’ posts. the camera not in our heart or mind. “happiness, happiness and Are we feeling jealous towards happiness” Let all our click, like, com- that person or are we having discomfort ment... and each breath... be for happi- seeing one’s post Just unfollow them. ness signing of! Thank you. If you are feeling uncomfortable when seeing one’s post then why are you fol- 99

Artificial Intelligence Asla CP Education is the backbone of that they may have to encounter by the the advancements that the world re- intrusion of technology or Artificial In- joices in today. There has been tremen- telligence (AI). The AI by the namesake dous transformations within the soci- seems to be superficially great. But, it ety since the unveiling of educational can inflict outrageous disparities for rights for all. All there is a huge level mankind. And it’s a serious issue to be difference between the primary level dissected. Even the world renowned and the postgraduate level on account personalities warn the world of the of education, similarly it stimulates the fervent possibilities of a huge threat growth of the enhancing technologies that may pervade. By the time, people and various other fields to its extreme would feel forced to accept the reality. extent. Access to education has become The world needs to contrive in a clever more flexible by the emergence of digi- way to ensure the security of mankind. tal learning. A world without technolo- A small levity from the people said may gy is hard to exist today. The enormous trigger a huge destruction. The expert utilities that it provides are also beyond engineers predict that the automo- the limits. Generations that pass by bile industry will be autonomous very today have been living and born with soon. And also, the AI would be ready to the unlimited offers that the techworld challenge humanity with its enormous gifted them. Reality the pears almost powers. Today only narrow AI exists forget about the prospects of servitude in the world. But the changes are so 100