CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE PROJECT ■ TOPIC ■ SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC COVID-19
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ■ We would like to express our heartful gratitude to our teacher Mrs. Nancy George for giving us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on socio-economic impact of the pandemic Covid-19. ■ We are also thankful to our parents who provided us with the required materials and helped us a lot in this.
PREFACE ■ This project will help in preparing the students for the next academic session as it covers all the chapters in the class X economics textbook. As the student reads through the hints provided and tries to find answer to the questions or ponder over them, they will learn about the content in the chapters: sectors of the economy, money and credit and globalisation.
CONTENT ■ COVID 19 ■ FACTORS THAT RESULTED IN THE SPREAD OF COVID 19 ■ PREACAUTIONARY MEASURES TO FIGHT COVID 19 ■ WHAT TO DO IF YOU FALL ILL DURING THE PANDEMIC? ■ WHO ARE MORE VUNERABLE TO COVID 19? ■ EFFECTS OF THE COVID 19 ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF VARIOUS COUNTERIES ■ STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT IN RESPONSE TO THE PANDEMIC ■ INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS THAT CAN BE REDUCE COVID 19 ■ HOW WILL IT AFFECT PEOPLE WHO HAVE TAKEN LOANS ESPECIALLY FROM THE NON-FORMAL SOURCES OF CREDIT? ■ SECTORS MOST AFFECTS BY COVID 19 ■ CORONA WARRIORS
COVID -19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan , China and has since spread globally, resulting in an ongoing pandemic. However, the first case may be traced back to 17 November, 2019.[ As of 28 may 2020,more than 5.8 millions cases have been reported across 188 countries and territories, resulting in more than 359,000 deaths. More than 2.39 million people have recovered.
FACTORS THAT HAVE RESULTED IN THE SPREAD OF THE PANDEMIC
Environmental factors ■ Water supply ■ Sanitation facilities ■ Food ■ Climate A lack of safe water, inadequate excreta disposal facilities, poor hygiene, poor living conditions and unsafe food can all cause diarrheal diseases. These diseases are a major cause of suffering and death in an emergency situation.
■ Climate can affect disease transmission in a variety of ways. The distribution and population size of disease vectors can be heavily affected by local climate. Flooding after heavy rains can result in sewage overflow and widespread water contamination. In addition, there is some evidence to suggest that pathogens can be spread from one region to another along air streams or by wind. ■ At such an early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is difficult to accurately describe the populations most at risk, especially when teasing out risk factors for infection from risk factors for death from disease. Early on, it became clear that those who have visited the Wuhan wet market were most at risk of infection, but the population visiting the market is not an accurate reflection of the general population.
Direct and indirect contact Covid-19 spreads mainly by droplets produced as a result of coughing or sneezing of a covid-19 infected person. This can happen in two ways:- ■ Direct close contact: one can get the infection by being in close contact with covid-19 patients (within one metre of the infected person), especially if they do not cover their face when coughing or sneezing. ■ Indirect contact: the droplets survive on surfaces and clothes for many days. Therefore, touching any such infected surface or cloth and then touching one’s mouth, nose or eyes can transmit the disease.
MARKET IN WUHAN ■ Among the first 425 patients with confirmed ncip, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Wuhan seafood wholesale market. ■ At first, an unknown pneumonia case was detected on December 12, 2019, and possible influenza and other coronaviruses were ruled coronaviruses (cov) belong to the genus coronavirus with its high mutation rate in the CoronaVirus. Chinese authorities announced on january 7, 2020 that a new type of coronavirus (novel coronavirus, ncov) was isolated. This virus was named as novel coronavirus who on January 12 and covid-19 on 11 february 2020.
■ When given where the first case originated, the infection were transmitted probably as zoonotic agent (from animal to human). The increase in the number of cases in Wuhan city and internationally after closing the market and evacuation of the cases in china, has indicated a second transmission from human-to-human. New cases are identified, primarily in other Asian countries and in many countries such as the trans-oceanic USA and France.
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES TO FIGHT COVID 19 ■ 1. Wash your hands! Often. Assume that sneezes or germy hands have left infectious residues on every surface that you have not personally cleaned or seen cleaned. Don’t forget to wash between fingers and under nails. If soap and water is unavailable, you can disinfect hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. ■ 2. Don’t eat food or handle dishes or utensils touched by a sick family member. If you must touch a spoon someone else has handled (but not had in their mouth), do so. Then wash your hands. ■ 3.Avoid crowds. If you must go out where plenty of people are present, whenever possible keep a cough’s distance away from them — about a meter (or yard). Someone near to you may be infected and show no symptoms.
■ 4. Wear gloves while out in public. Any cotton, wool or lycra glove will do. Don’t touch the outside of the gloves when you remove them. And once home, wash the gloves in hot water. Disposable latex or other types of plastic gloves can be reused several times if you spray the outside with an alcohol-based disinfectant right before taking them off. ■ 5. Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands. Cough and sneeze into your elbow. Keep in mind that you may become infected and show no symptoms. This means you might be able to infect people at high risk of serious disease, such as an elderly grandparent. Viruses can pass through the materials in most masks. There are some very expensive types (known as n-95 and n-99) that have been made to largely control exposure to disease. But during epidemics, they should be reserved to help those on the frontlines of disease — doctors and nurses.
WHAT TO DO IF YOU FALL ILL DURING A PANDEMIC? ■ Don’t go to school or work. You or some family member should call and ask advice from a doctor or other health professional. What you have may be a cold. But during epidemics, doctors recommend being extra cautious and reporting any possible sign that would be far worse. ■ Know what symptoms to look for. With the covid-19, for instance, key symptoms have been fever, chest congestion, cough and shortness of breath — not a runny nose. Knowing what symptoms characterize an outbreak may help you know whether you likely have a cold or something potentially much worse. ■ You must even go into quarantine and maintain social distancing from each other.
WHO IS MORE VULNERABLE TO NOVEL CORONAVIRUS? Covid-19 is a pandemic and everybody is at risk.But older people and men are more vulnerable to novel corona virus. A study by lancet shows that there are Seven factors that makes a person more Prone to contract the novel coronavirus Infection. These are increasing age, being Men, social deprivation, cramped living, Obesity, chronic kidney disease and ethnicity.
■ People of all ages with underlying medical conditions particularly if not well controlled, including: ■ People with chronic lung disease or moderate to severe asthma ■ People who have serious heart conditions ■ People who are immunocompromised ■ Many conditions can cause a person to be immunocompromised, including cancer treatment, smoking, bone marrow or organ transplantation, immune deficiencies, poorly controlled hiv or aids, and prolonged use of corticosteroids and other immune weakening medications ■ People with severe obesity (body mass index [bmi] of 40 or higher) ■ People with diabetes ■ People with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis ■ People with liver disease
■ Older adults are more likely to have long-term health problems that can put them at risk. ■ People’s immune systems tend to weaken with age, making it more difficult for older people to fight off infections. ■ Lung tissue becomes less elastic over time, making respiratory diseases like covid-19 a particular concern for older people. ■ Inflammation in older people can be more intense, causing organ damage.
• EFFECTS OF THE COVID 19 ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES
■ It's life itself that is affected, profoundly so and almost at a genetic level. And that means at every other extended level of human experience. Emotional and psychological, to begin with, and from there to what we go about doing with our daily lives. Earning our bread, trying to survive-or thrive. ■ By March 11, 2020, when the who declared covid-19 as a pandemic, its impact was being felt across the globe, by the 7.8 billion humans living on the planet. With an overwhelming majority of them in no position to help themselves. India has not evolved to a stage where those ratios—of humanity feeling the pain—can be assuaged by the state in any appreciable manner. In an evolving crisis, when no one is able to say for sure when it will be contained and what its long-term impact could be, the stress will be placed unequally on the individual and society, and on the government—which takes the responsibility for anticipating risk and putting in the structural buffers. And the structural risk, which affects everyone, is as economic as it is biological.
■ Iia has the recent experience of demonetisation: a sudden, unannounced alteration to our basic economic grammar. Globally, many are drawing parallels with the financial crisis of 2008 ■ India’s internal buffers ensured that it was not too affected by the financial crisis of 2008, even if our gdp growth slipped from 8.5 per cent to 6.5 per cent. But this time, given the pre-existing economic slowdown on which the covid-19 crisis is acting, the fears are of gdp growth falling below 4 per cent—officially. To put india in perspective, the overall global economic health is itself expected to be hit—especially in countries that depend on exports, tourism and other services sectors, some worse than others.
ECONOMIC GROWTH OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES
STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT IN RESPONSE TO THE PANDEMIC • India has also taken many steps in response to the coronavirus. • The who or the (world health organisation) also says the response of india is very impressive . • The government of india has taken various steps to ensure safety in the country.
1.DRONES SYSTEM ▪ Drones are being used by the police to monitor the people’s movement ▪ Drones also help in the aerial spray and disinfection ▪ Drones are also helping in the delivery of medicines,food and many more.
2.DEACTIVATING VIRUSES IN BUSES A study clearly says that the coronavirus spreading twice on trains,buses and other public transports .Thus, the government ensures proper deactivation of viruses.
3.LOCKDOWN AND SOCIAL DISTANCING The government of india has ensured lockdown mainly to control the spread of covid-19.The government has also maintained social distancing among the people.
4.JANATA CURFEW ■ On 22nd of march ,sunday prime minister shri narendra modi ji announced the “janta curfew” . ■ The “janata curfew” was proposed by the pm to curb the spread of covid-19. ■ Pm modi proposed the “janata curfew” between 7a.M to 9p.M
5.SPECIAL ECONOMIC PLAN ■ There was a special economic package of labourers,farmers,honest taxprayers and also the taxprayers. It was also called the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN TO REDUCE COVID 19 1.3-d printed scuba mask can be turned into ventilators. 2.All manner of manufacturers produce ventilators, masks and sanitizers. 3.There can be also thermal scanning of each person of country.
HOW WILL IT AFFECT PEOPLE WHO HAVE TAKEN LOANS ESPECIALLY FROM THE NON-FORMAL SOURCES OF CREDIT? ■ The financial sector faces an erosion of loan growth and higher credit costs as it prepares for a rise in bad debt from retail and corporate borrowers. ■ Indian banks now may be at the beginning of the new npa cycle.Warning signals are already visible.The covid-19 impact on the indian economy coupled with some of the schemems launched by the government to contain the problem may actually cause another wave of bad loans in the indian banking system
■ India’s economic recovery from the covid 19 crisis could be delayed if lenders stop lending to borrowers with low credit scores or charge them a much higher interest on loans. ■ Millons of the daily wage earners have lost their job since the lockdown started.Others,particulatrly in the services sectors,have been forloughed. ■ Small buisness owners are particularlyat risk of defaulting as they don’t have the wherewithal to survive the prolonged halt in economic activity.
SECTORS MOST AFFECTED BY COVID 19 Some of the strongest economies around the globe are struggling to cope with the situation in the wake of an unprecedented demand shock and a shutdown of all key economic activities that drive growth. Many indian sectors are now in critical need of a relief package.
■ MANY INDIAN SECTORS AFFECTED BY COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ARE IN NEED OF URGENT RELIEF A BULK OF THE JOB LOSSES HAVE BEEN REPORTED FROM CRITICALLY AFFECTED SECTORS THE OVERALL IMPACT OF COVID-19 IS NOW BEING FELT BY MOST SECTORS IN THE COUNTRY •THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAS IMPACTED ECONOMIES AROUND THE WORLD LIKE NO OTHER EVENT THAT EXPERTS CAN RECOLLECT SINCE THE GREAT DEPRESSION. SOME OF THE STRONGEST ECONOMIES AROUND THE GLOBE ARE STRUGGLING TO COPE WITH THE SITUATION IN THE WAKE OF AN UNPRECEDENTED DEMAND SHOCK AND A SHUTDOWN OF ALL KEY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES THAT DRIVE GROWTH. IN THE UNITED STATES, THE WORLD’S MOST POWERFUL ECONOMY, A MASSIVE NUMBER OF JOBS LOSSES HAVE BEEN REPORTED DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. THE SITUATION IS SO BAD THAT US PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP ON THURSDAY SAID THE “US HAS BEEN ATTACKED AND COVID-19 IS NOT JUST ANY FLU”.
MSME SECTOR ■ The micro, small and medium enterprises (msmes) are literally the backbone of all indian sectors and often engaged in manufacturing and export activities — two key drivers of the indian economy. Today, almost all msmes are out of action due to the lockdown, chocking all production activities at major firms across sectors. There are several reports that indicate how msmes are reeling under crisis and have no money to pay their employees.
■ Tourism and hospitality sector makemytrip co-founder and ceo deep karla in a recent group interaction told india today tv that the tourism sector was the first to get disrupted by the impact of covid-19 and will be the last to see a resumption of activities. Several reports indicate that the tourism sector will be worst affected due to the virus pandemic. The government also knows how bad the sector has been hit and acknowledged the same through a press release. A kmpg report from last month had already predicted the indian tourism and hospitality sector to lose more than over 3.8 crore jobs.
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