Dakma Magazine October 2015

oelua 2015 Tlaf;daïn¾ f;jk l,dmhN+ñld ksrEmKh Ôú;h hkq kdgH iuqodhl rÕmEug we;s wms wfma we;=,dka;h fjkqjg wms rÕkpß; m%udKhls' tla pß;hl§ fouõmsfhdah\" pß;hlg ysñ yeisÍï wdrCId lsÍug hEfukawfkll wUq ieñfhdah\" ;j;a úfgl jevm<l wirKlu <Õd lr .ksuq' mdi,a rx.khl §jevlrefjla fukau úfYaIs; ñ;=rka iuQyhla isiqfjl=g lDr rfcl=f.a pß;hla ndr jqfKa hehsw;r ñ;=frls' fï wdldrhg wm wjÈfhka isák is;uq' rx.khl§ ish,af,dau Tyqg hgy;a lSlreÔú;h f.ù hhs' fï yeu pß;hlgu wod, w;jeisfhdah' kuq;a fõÈldfjka nisk úg Tyqf.aúfYaIs; yeisÍï rgd we;s w;r wm Bg wjYH yeisÍu fõÈldfõ ;nd wd hq;=uh' f.or§l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .kafkuq' fï l=i,;d j.d foudmshka w;r\" fidhqrka w;r;a\" ñ;=rka w;r;alr.;a yeisÍï rgd wm fkdu. hjhs' fï pß; fuu pß;h rÕmEu W.ygh' kuq;a Tyq fuhskaj,ska wms wdvïnr fjuq' iEu kdglhlu$ uq,d ù i;Hfhkau rcqf.a yeisÍï ú,dih wdrCIdrx.khlu pß;hkaf.ka y÷kd.;a j¾Okh lr.ekSug .shfyd;a Tyqgu wjdikdj ,x lrlr.;a yeisÍï rgd wm úiska wdrCId lsÍug .kS'fm<fnkq ,nhs' yeu úfYaIs; wjia:djl§u wm tys fï ldrKh mqoa.,sl .eàï we;s ùfï pß;hla muKla nj W.; hq;=h' rpkhg wkqjwdrïNhhs' mdif,a§ bf.kqfï olaI YsIHfhl= úfYaIs; ldKavhlf.a yeisÍu biau;= lsÍuùug .=rejreka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk yeisÍï j.d rxÕkh úkd th wmf.a Ôú;h fkdjk nj W.;lr.; hq;= fõ' fïjdfha M,h kï ieuúgu hq;=uh' oji mqrdu pß;fhka pß;hg udrem%uqLhd fyj;a m<uqfjkshd jk udkakh wdrCId fjñka uu fï hehs uq,d fkdù wm rÕk pß;fhalr.ekSug fjfyi ù W.kS' wfkla w;g yeisÍï wdrCId fkdlrñka th wm Èúfhafoudmshka o fï m<uqjekshd ùfï wfmaCIdj úfYaIs; ;ekl jQ rx.khla muKla nj wjfndaOorñka orejdf.a Ôú;h tu pß;hg fhduqlrjhs' lr.; hq;=h'kuq;a tla;rd wjia:djl§ ;j;a olaI orejl=m<uqjekshd ùfuka fuf;la m<fjkshdf.a tfia kï i;H jQ uu ljqo@ thhs wms i;HN+ñldjg mKfmjQ orejf.a kshudldr iqkaor jYfhka isys nqoaêh t,jd kshudldrfhkauÔú;hg ysñ f,dalh lvd ye,S Tyq wkaoukao fõ' y÷kd.; hq;af;a¦ ke;sj wms tlsfkl pß; rÕkTyq foudmshkaf.ka .=rejrekaf.ka uqyqK ufkda f,dalh fkdfõ' kuq;a wm fuf,djgiÕjd.kS' ñ;=rka w;r Tyqg ;snQ ;;ajh ke;s ùwirK fõ' mS%;sfhka f;dr jk Tyq flaka;s .kS'kuq;a mka;sfha m<uqjekshd ùfï pß;h Tyqgysño ke;fyd;a ;u ujf.a oeä Wkkaÿ lsÍu u;nf,ka megjqkdo hkak u; Tyqf.a rx.kh;SrKh fõ'

meñKsfha l=uk iajNdjh oeÍug o hkak ug lD;suj Ôú;h meje;aùug wjYH wjfndaOhg meñKs úg tA ;=< ienE ika;=Iaáh yd fkdfõ' tfiau Ôú;fha meje;aug lsisu wdOdrl ;Dma;sh ,efí' l%uhla fhdod .ekSu uúiskau jdrKh lr we;' kshñ; ld,h mdñKs úg ug Ydka;j ñh hdug ñksfil= jYfhka ñysu; bm§u úfYaIs; bvy< hq;=h' th udf.a whs;shlao fõ' ug wjYH;djhla fukau tys§ rÕmEug kshñ; wka;sugu wikSm jqjo frday,l ;eîug úreoaO pß;hlao we;' wms ñksiqka jYfhka fï ;;ajhg fjñ' iajNdjO¾uh úiska ud /f.khdu m;ajQfha tfyka fufyka ms<sfj<la ke;s rgdjlg idufhka ksji ;=,u isÿ lrkafka kï leu;s fjñ' we;s jQjka f,i fkdfõ' tfia jQfha ixlS¾K;u ud ,enQ w;aoelSula idlaIs orkjd¦ iqÿ t<shla cdkuh úm¾hdihlska muKla o fkdfõ¦ Wiia;u yryd udj Ôú;h wfkla me;a;g /f.k hdu >kfha nqoaêuh úm¾hdihla o fï .=Kd;aul .ek' th f.dvla iqjodhsl w;aoelSula\" ms%hckl Njfha wvx.=fõ' yßhgu lsjfyd;a uQ,sl ir, w;aoelSula' ud kej; meñKshd ud kej; wjYH;d iemqrE l%ul%ufhka w¨;au udÈ,sfha meñKSfuka miq ug ,enqKq kj Ôú;fhka ug fudfgdaßhla f,i jeäÈhqKq ùfï § thg wod< wjfndaO Wkd ud úiska úYd, fufyjrla isÿlr kùk udÈ,sfha ixfõok cd,h yd mßkdñ; wjika lr ;snqk;a ud tf;la l, fufyjrg jvd fud,h ish¿u md,l moaO;s fufyhjk /yeka fjkia hula ufj;ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk nj' ñ,shk .Kklska iukaú;j ksujqk jk whqßks' ukaoh;a ud kej; fkdmeñKsfha kï ud;a iuÕ ud l, fufyjro wjika ùug ;snqKq ksid kej; ñksia fud,h\" yoj; yd uq¿ YÍrhu ,enqKq fï Ôú;h isÿl, foag jvd jeä fjkia i,ld neÆ úg th o;a; /ialsÍu\" .nvd lsÍu yd hula isÿ lsÍug ud n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka YdÍrl yd udkisl ls%hdldß;ajhka md,kh tneúks' lrkakd jQ ls%hdj,sjls' fuh cdkuh úmßkduhla fkdjk nj meyeÈ,sh' th b;d by, nqoaêuh fï kj Ôjk msgqj udf.a l=i, l¾u ;;ajhka u; mokïj we;s w;r tu nqoaêuh Yla;Ska jeä lr .ekSug yels fõ hehs m%d¾:kd ;;a;ajh yd iu.dó ùu wjYHfhkau úh hq;=h' lrñ' th fï Ôú;fha § fyda bÈß Ôú; y;l pl%h ;=, § l, yels fõ hehs ud m%d¾:kd lrñ' Wiia Èúhla ,nd.;a ñksiqkaf.a wruqK uu fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.;a mßÈ ug Ôj;a ùug úh hq;af;a b;d Ydka; M,odhS yd m%nqoaO Ôú;hka we;af;a fï Ôú;fha fmr Ôú;hkf.a ls%hdldrlï h' ksødYS,S wm wmf.a ffojh fkdjk wdYd kue;s ksid yg.;a l¾uhka yd M,hka fya;=fjks' oef,ys meg,S wmg uy;a fõokd we;s lr.kS' wkHhka yg l< iqNjd§ ls%hdldrlï j,ska f.dv tfyhska wfma /.=ï j,g whs;s oE bj;a lr wfma ke.=kq l=i,a Yla;Ska u; iuyr oreKq l¾u wju rx.kfha yeisÍï mfil ;nd ienE nqoaêh ieÕù jkq we;ehs ud m%d¾:kd lrñ' fï Ôú;fha b;sß we;s wfma yoj; wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' ld,h uf.a ls%hdl,dmh ;=,ska l¾uhka tl;= fkdlr .ksñka ;sfnk l¾uhka wvq lr.ksñka ud fyd¢kau okakd mßÈ udf.a wjidkh Ôj;a ùug wjeis m%{fjka hq;=j Ôj;a ùug ud bÈß jir oyh ;=< § isÿ fõú\" th uu úiska n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñ' tkï wjfndaOfhka Ôj;a ksr;=reju fufkys lrñ' ug;a wkHkag;a nrla ùuhs' úYajfhau fldgila jk ud úYajfhka ud fkdjk mßÈ uf.a yelshdjka wkHkaf.a ys; iqj yg ,nd ÿka Yla;sh Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka rÕmdk msKsi idOdrKj fhdojñka isáh§ th isÿjkjdg pß;fhys ñksia iajNdjh ;siai ðkfiak kï fõ' uu leu;s fjñ' udf.a jeäuy,a fidhqre ñh hk fuu pß;h fl;rï fyd|g /Õ=fõo ,nd.;a úg uu ÿla fkdùñ' Tyq fjkqfjka ;snQ i;=g jQfha\" úYsIaG;ajh fyj;a msk$ l=i,h flfiao hkak Tyqf.a Ôú;h Tyqg;a mjqf,a whg;a u; B<Õ pß;h ;SrKh jk fyhska ish,af,ys ÿlals;;;ajhlg m;afkdù fjkaùuhs' fuh wjidkh ksjkska ksudjg m;aúh hq;=hs' Tyqf.a o wNsm%dh úh' 2 oeluaoelau 02

fkdfYmfklk a;shwm isrer jgd úysfok j¾Kj;a rYañ Odrd wm YÍrfha úúO ls%hdjka i|yd úúO wjhj we;a;d fiau\" /iauvf,a ls%hdldß;ajh pl% u; mokïj we;' wm isrer ;=, we;s ish¨u pl% lfYarej yd iïnkaO jk w;r tA tA pl% j,g kshñ; jQ j¾Khka we;' ;jo tu pl% uÕska /iauvf,ys f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh lrk w;r\" th wm YÍrfha wkq msgm;la (Blueprint) jYfhka y÷kd.; yelsh' wm w;S;fha uqyqK ÿka fõokd yd hï hï NS;sld j,g wod< f;dr;=re /iauv, igyka ù we;' tuÕska wmf.a fi!LHuh .eg¿\" yeisÍï rgdj jeks fndfyda oE fuu /iauv, ;=<ska oel.; yel' ñksia /iauv, fmfkk wdldrh ^lsß,shka PdhdrEmhl oelafjk whqre& wm isrer jgd úáka úg lïmkh jk u| w÷r mj;sk wjia:d j,§ b;d ishqï oeluaúoHq;a pqïNl fCIa;%hla ms<sn|j wm Tng miq.sh rka meyehg yqre Èiakh olajk j¾Khla wmf.a 03l,dmh ;=,ska fmkajd fok ,§' tA wkqj wm isrer /iauv, ;=,ska oel.; yels w;r fuh YÍrfha isg óg¾ kjhla olajd msg;g úys§ hk kuq;a thjgd we;s Ndysr Yla;s fCIa;%h (Aura) /iauv,f,i y÷kajhs' fuh úÑ;% j¾Kj,shlawdldrfhka wm isrer jgd msysgd ;sfí' ishqïYla;s j,g ixfõ§ mqoa.,hkag fuu /iauv,fmfkk w;r Tjqka mjik mßÈ YÍr fi!LH\"yeÕSï yd wdoHd;añl ixj¾Okh wkqj fuu/iauv, úys§ hk m%udKh yd j¾Kdj,sfhafjkiaùï y÷kd.; yel' fn!oaOd.ug wkqjtl, nqÿ mshdKka jykafia yg o ;u Y%djlhkagmshú weig b;d myiqfjkau o¾Ykh jk rYañud,djla ;snQ njg fn!oaO idys;Hfha i|ykajwe;'

mqoa.,hdf.a wdoHd;añl yd fi!LHuh ÈhqKqj u; lsß,shka PdhdrEm lsysmhla my; oelafõ' fjkia úh yel' fuu Yla;s fCIa;%h ia:r lsysmhlska iukaú; jk w;r tA tA ia;r j,g mokï jQ j¾Khka yd .;s.=K iuÕ wkqrEm fõ' ld,dka;rhla ;siafia Bðma;=j\" .S%ish\" Ökh\" bkaÈhdj\" m¾ishdj jeks mqrdK YsIagdpdr j, ukqIH Yla;s fCIa;%hla we;s njg;a Tjqka ;=< tA ms<sn| meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla ;snQ njg;a i|ykaj we;' th yskaÿ iïm%odhg wkqj\" —m%dK˜ (prana) f,io\" Ök iïm%odhg wkqj —Ö˜ (chi) f,io y÷kajhs' w;S;fha .S%isfha isá mhs;.ria úiska fuu Yla;s fCIa;%h ÈIañ; (luminous) rEmhla f,i y÷kd.; yels nj igyka fldg we;' 1930 isg 1950 olajd ffjoH ú,sfy,aï rhsla (Dr. Wilhelm Reich) l< mÍCIK j,ska frda. iqjm;a lrkakka yg (healers) fujeks Yla;s fCIa;%hla we;s nj yd th YÍrh ;=< we;s pl%d iu. we;s iïnkaO;djho fmkajd fok ,§' fuu Yla;s fCIa;%h ug mokïj wmf.a ffi, j¾Okh ùu isÿfõ' fuu.ska woyia jkafka ukqIH YÍrhg fmr Yla;s fCIa;%h mej;=K nj hs' fuu fCIa;%h ;=< we;sjk hï hï wiu;=,s;;djhka wmf.a YÍrh ;=< frda. f,i u;=úh yels w;r tu wiu;=,s;;d iukh ;=<ska tu frda. ;;ajhka tu fudfydf;au iqjlr .; yel' lsß,shka PdhdrEm fuu PdhdrEm ms<sn| fidhdf.k jeäÈhqKq lrk ,oafoa fiñfhdka fâúfvdaúÉ (Semyon Davidovich) iy Tyqf.a ìß| úiskah' Tjqka mjik mßÈ fuuÕskkah fCIa;%h fyd¢ka oel n,d.; yels w;r Tjqka úiska ksr; jQ m¾fhaIK w;r;=r§ wyUq f,i fidhd.kakd ,oaols'oelua lsß,shka PdhdrEmlrKh i|yd Ndú;d lrk hka;%hla 04

fuh fidhd.ekSfï úfYaI;ajh\" my; oelafjk m¾fhaIKh ;=<ska ksÍCIKh lr .; yel'f;dard.;a Ydl m;%h fldgila lmd bj;a l< fldgila lmd bj;a l< miq Ydl m;%h .kakd ,o PdhdrEmh fuu m;%fha fldgila lmd bj;a l,o\" iQkka ;u j,a.sh lvd ouk nj wm okakdm;%fha Yla;s fCIa;%hg lsisÿ ydkshla isÿ ù lreKls' tys § j,s.h fkdue;s wjia:djlfkdue;s nj fuh ksÍCIKh ;=<ska y÷kd.; Tjqkaf.a lsß,shka PdhdrEmhla ,nd.;a úg tysyel' fuuÕska ks.ukh l< yels jkafka fN!;sl Yla;s fCIa;%hg tkï tu ie,eiaug lsisÿf,i tu Ydl m;%hg ydkshla isÿl,o wdlD;sh ydkshla ù fkdue;s nj oelsh yels w;r Tjqkaf,i mj;sk tys Yla;s fCIa;%hg lsis÷ ydkshla ù ;u j,a.h kej; ;kd .kafka tu wdlD;shgke;s njhs' wkqjhs' tA ;=<ska úoHd{hka Wml,amkh lrk ldrKh jkafka ñksfil=f.ao YÍrfhka fldgila tuÕska tys ffi, j¾Okh jkafka tu lmd bj;a l< miq\" kej; th ;kd .ekSugieleiaug wkqj nj meyeÈ,sh' WodyrK f,i yelshdjla ñksid i;=j ;sfío hkakhs' oelua oelua 05

wjfndaOh lrd huq wjfndaO;d uÜgu\" mqoa.,fhl= ;=< idudkH p¾hdj jYfhka fm!¾I;ajh yd Ôú;h W;aidyh Ôú;hg we;=<;a jkafka fuu wjfndaO;d uÜgu meñKSu;a iuÕ h' fï mqoa.,hka jYfhka wjfndaO;d uÜgu ms<sn|j jvd;a jegySula ,nd .ekSug 200 wvq by< kxjd .ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<sn|j wm wjfndaO;d uÜgï ms<sn| i,ld n,uq' fuys § miq.sh l,dmh ;=<ska fmkajd § we;s w;r fujr ^20& ,eÊcdj\" ^30& ;eùu\" ^50& WodiSk nj\" ^75& l,dmh ;=<ska wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka úúO fYdalh\" ^100& Nh\" ^125& ;Kaydj\" ^150& ;ry\" wjfndaO;d uÜgï yd tA ;=< mqoa.,hd Ôj;a jk ^175& udkh hk ldrKd 200 jvd wvq uÜgu h' wdldrh fuka u tu.ska mqoa.,hdg we;slrk idudkH Ôú;h ;=< fndfyda fofkla Ôúldj .; n,mEu ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍuhs' lrkafka fuu úlaáï tkï 200 wvq nqoaê uÜgï j, h' WodyrK f,i ,eÊcdj hk wjfndaO;d wjfndaO;d uÜgu OQrdj,shla f,i Èfjk uÜgu ;=< Ôj;a jk fndfyda fofkl= ;ukaf.a nj;a th mqoa.,hdf.a fm!¾I;ajh j¾Okfha yeÕSï\" úYajdihka yd p¾hdjka ms<sn|j we;af;a wjëka f,i ie,lsh yels nj;a fï ms<sn|j ,eÊcdYS,S yeÕSuls' fujka fndfyda fofkl= woyia olajk wdpd¾h fâúÜ fydalskaia uy;d udkisl jYfhka nhdÿ iajNdjhla olajk w;r fmkajd fohs' fndfyda úg w,i p¾hd rgdjla ;u Ôú;h ;=<ska m%o¾Ykh lrkjd fiau Tyq úiska iudch fj; wjfndaO;d uÜgï igyk ,ndfok wdo¾Yh o th hs' ;Kaydj Nh 100 ;ry udkh 175 W;aidyh 200 250 uOHia: nj ;eùu uÜgu ;=< Ôj;a jk mqoa.,hka 400353010ordle.ueekS;au; Ôú;h fndfydaúg md,kh lrkq ,nkafka fYdalh 150 wdorh ;eùug fya;= jQ ldrKd j,skau h' ;efjñka Ôj;a nj 125 fya;=j jk ñksiqka wka wh ;=< o ;eùu we;s lrk w;r Tjqka ;=<ska u ;eùug wjYh lrk ldrKd WodiSk 75 500 m%S;sh ks¾udKh lr.kS' ;eùu 50 540 Ydka;sh WodiSk nj hk wjfndaO;d uÜgu ;=< 30 600 i;HdjfndaOh Ôj;ajk mqoa.,hkaf.a idudkH Ôú;h o .; lrkq ,nkafka WodiSk f,iu h' fï ksid ,eÊcdj 20 700 Tjqkaf.a Ôj; ;=<g Okd;aul yeÕSï u.ska we;sjk Yla;sh Tjqka ;=< yg.kafka ke;' 1000 fujeks mqoa.,hka ;=< wNHka;r iajhx wNsfm%arKhla we;s fkdjkjd fiau Tjqkag wkaoelua wjfndaO;d uÜgï igykska mqoa.,hkag whf.a Ôú; ;=<g Okd;aul yeÕSï\" n,.;= 06 b;d úfYaI ixêia:dk folla y÷kd.; yel' uq,a lsÍï yd wNsfm%arl;djhka we;s l< fkdyel' u ixêia:dkh jk 200 uÜgu mqoa.,hkaf.a Tjqkag l< yelafla wka whf.a Ôú; ;=< o Ôú;fha ;SrKd;aul ixÈia:dkhla f,i ie,lsh WodiSk nj we;s lsÍu i|yd ,ndÈh yels yels h' fuu uÜgu mqoa.,fhl=f.a iDKd;aul wdo¾Y muKs' n,.;=lrKfha uQ,sl ia:dkhla jk w;r ;ukaf.a yeÕSï\" úYajdih yd p¾hdj ms<sn|j fodaIdfrdamK kj;d ;ukaf.a Ôú; ms<sn|j j.lSula .ekSug leue;a;la we;sjkafka fuu uÜgu ;=< h' tu ksid mqoa.,hdf.a idOkSh fm!¾Yjhla Wfoid fuu lvbu b;d jeo.;a h'

fYdalh iy Nh hk wjfndaO;d uÜgï 200 iSudj fuu ;;a;ajhg wod< nqoaê oelauj, isák wh ;=< fYdalh yd ìh ckl is;sú,s uÜgu kï W;aidyh hs' wjfndaO;d uÜgfï 07w;r Ôj;a jkjd fuka u tA wkqidrfhka by<g hdug w;HdjYH ldrKh jkafka l=ula o@fufyhjkq ,nk p¾hdjka m%o¾Ykh ùu idudkH tfuka u by< uÜgï lrd <Õd ùfï § ñksiqkag;;a;ajh hs' fujeks wjfndaO;d uÜgul isák isÿjkafka l=ula o@ tfia kï 200 uÜgu wdrïNmqoa.,hkag wka wh ;=<g ,nd Èh yelafla l=ula jk W;aidyh ñksiqkaf.a by;ska i|yka lrko@ ,o mrdëk ;;a;ajhkaf.ka ñ§fï ud¾.h fkdfõ o@ Ôú;fha wmg ish¨ foa <Õd lr.; ;ryj kue;s wjfndaO;d uÜgu ;=< yelafla W;aidyfhka muKs'Ôj;ajk wh tA yd ne÷kq is;=ú,s yd p¾hdjkagfhduqùu je<laúh fkdyels fjkjd fuka u tu W;aidyfhka Tíng ^250& uOHia: njis;=ú,s jmqrñka úkdYldÍ wdo¾Yhka wka wh mqoa.,fhl=f.a udkisl iunr;djh we;sfj; Wreu lrÈh yel' lrkjd fuka u fyd| lrk\" hy.=K fudkjo hkak y÷kd .ekSug wjYH iSud ks¾Kdhlhka 200 nqoaê uÜgu wdikakfha mj;sk ilid .; yel'udkh kue;s ldrKdj ;=< Ôú; jk mqoa.,hkag;u Ôú;fha mj;sk fndfyda wvqmdvq\" .eg¿\" ^310& leue;a; wjfndaO;d uÜgu ;=<udkh kue;s ldrKdj mej;Su ksid jeiS hdug mqoa.,hdf.a fndfyda foaj,a j,g mqoa.,hd ;=<mq¿jk' ;udf.a leue;af;ka u fhduq ùug wjYH miqìutu ksid mqoa.,hkag tu .eg¿ y÷kd .ekSug ilid foa' leue;a; ;=< we;af;a ;u ld¾hhkafkdyel' j,g tA i|yd isf;ys tlÕ;djhla we;s lr.ekSu;a tuÕska fndfyda idOkSh foaj,a j,g 200 g wvq iSudfjys úúO uÜgï ;=< isák wkql+, fjñka ;ukaf.a Ôú;h tA Tiafiamqoa.,hkaf.a Ôú; Tjqkaf.a md,kfhka ñ§ úúO .,df.k hdug bv yeÍu hs' fuh mqoa.,hdf.a;;a;ajhkag wod< ks¾Kdhlhka u.ska md,kh fm!¾I;aj ixj¾Okhg fm<Uùula we;s lrhs'ùug mgka .kq we;' tkï ;u wNsu;hgmßndysrj ksjig\" mjq,g\" ñ;=rka w;r fuka u wjfndaO;djfha ó<Õ uÜgu jkafkaiudcfha n,mEï u; Tjqkaf.a wkd.;h ;SrKh ^350& ord .ekSu hs' fuuÕska mqoa.,hd ;=< ydlr.kq ,nhs' tu ksid tjeks md,khkag k;=j tu wjg miqìfuys isÿjk fndfyda foa ord .ekSugnqoaê uÜgï j, isák mqoa.,hka úlaáï (victim) wjYH Yla;sh imhd foa' wjfndaO;d uÜgfïf,i y÷kajhs' 200-500 w;r mrdih mqoa.,hdf.a fm!¾I;ajhúlaáï (victim) ;=< idOkSh ixj¾Okhla we;s lrkjd fiau bka Ôú;hg cjhla we;s lrkq ,nhs' tu ksid fuu by; i|yka l< tu ;;a;ajhg wod< ;;a;ajh úlag¾ (victor) hkqfjka y÷kajhs' fuufm!¾I;aj .;s ,CIKhka fmkakqï lrñka ;;a;ajh ;=< ;u Ôú;h ndysr md,khlskamqoa.,hka tu ;;a;ajh ;=< /£ isákjdg jvd f;drj ;udf.a wNsu;h wkqj yev.iajd .;fjkia Wiia ;;a;ajfha wjfndaOhla lrd hdug yel'wjYH Yla;shla Tjqka ;=< ke;' wdpd¾h fydalskaia uy;d fmkajd fok wdldrhg fuys fojk jeo.;a ixêia:dkh jkafka ^500& wdorh hs' fuys jeo.;alu jkafka ;u wjfndaO;djfha by< ia:dk j,g m%fõY ùu;a iuÕ ;ud ;=< we;sjk iajhx ixj¾Okh fyda fm!¾I;aj ixj¾Okh Tiafia wka whf.a Ôú; j,g hym;a n,mEula we;s lsÍug yels ùu hs' 500 uÜgu olajd ;u Ôú;h l%ul%ufhka wruqKq iy.;j yiqrejd .ekSu yd tfia yiqrejd .kakd wdldrh wka whf.a Ôú; j,g ixj¾Okhla Wfoid fhduq lsÍug mgka .kafka fuu 500 uÜgu ;=< § h' wo iudch ;=< fjfik fndfyda msßia ;ukaf.a Ôú; ;=< we;s fm!oa.,sl wruqKq <Õd lr.ksñka Ôj;a ùug m%sh;djhla

±la jqj;a th wka whf.a Ôú; ;=< we;s lsÍu fï wkqj wjfndaO;d uÜgfï 200 g my< we;af;a wlue;a;ls' ;ud ,o ch.%yKhka wka iSudj ;=< § mqoa.,fhl=f.a yeisÍu ndysr idOl whf.a Ôú; ;=<g tl;= lsÍug ;rï ;ukaf.a is; rdYshlf.a fufyh ùu u; isÿjkakla njg m;a ilid .ekSu f,fyisfhka l< yelalla fkdjk jk nj;a tys § mqoa.,hdg ;udf.a md,kfhka w;r tu fya;=j ksidu 500 uÜgu miq lr hdu ñ§ iudcfha ñksiqka w;r f.dÿrla f,ig Ôj;a b;d ÿIalr lghq;a;la jkq we;' jk nj;a meyeÈ,s h'fm!¾I;aj ixj¾Okhg wkqj b;d mrdëk fm!¾Yjhl .;s ,CIK fï wjfndaO;d uÜgu ;=< 500 ;;a;ajhg ;=< olakg we;s fuu wjêh úlaáï (victim) <Õdjk mqoa.,fhl= ;ukaf.a iSudfjka ñ§ wka ;;a;ajh hs' wh iuÕ iïnkaO fjñka Tjqkaf.a ;;a;ajhka ÈhqKq lsÍug m%fõYhla .kq ,nhs' ^500& wdorh\" wjfndaO;d uÜgfï 200 isg 500 olajd ^540& m%S;sh\" ^600& Ydka;sh hk uÜgï ish,a, ;=< mrdih ;=< mqoa.,fhl= iú{dksl f,i ;ukaf.a we;af;a wka wh iuÕ we;sjk yqjudrejls Ôú;h yiqrejd .ekSug wjYH n,h fï ;=< (sharing)' wdorfhys w¾:h\" yeÕSu\" fn§ hdu jv isák mqoa.,hka ,nd.kakd nj meyeÈ,s h' fï jvd;a ;Sj%r jkafka wka wh iuÕ yqjudrej uÕsks' úlag¾ (victor) ;;a;ajh hs' fï ;=< mqoa.,hdf.a tfia fnod .ekSu ;=<ska m%S;sh we;s jkjd fia u iajëk fm!¾I;ajhl .;s ,CIK fmkakqï lrhs' t;=<ska Ydka;sh kue;s ldrKdj wm is; ;=< we;s lrhs' fuu uÜgu ;=< Ôj;a jk mqoa.,hd ;ud 500 isg by<g we;s mrdi ;=< wka whf.a ;ksju Ôj;a fkdù wka wh iuÕ o iuÕsfhka yd Ôú; f.dvk.d .ekSug n,mEï l< yels iyÔjkfhka ld,h .; lsÍug wjYH iqúfYaIS fm!¾I;aj .;s ,CIKhla fmkakqï fm!¾I;ajhla f.dv k.d .kS' mqoa.,hka iuÕ o lrk w;r 700 isg 1000 olajd mrdih ;=< yoj; ne£\" wdorh lsÍu ;=<ska m%S;sh f.dv k.d mqoa.,hd i;HdjfndaOh lrd msh k.k w;r .ekSu;a\" tu.ska Ydka;sh we;slr .ekSu;a\" hï nqoaê uÜgï j, my< isák mqoa.,hka ksis u.g úksYaphlska f;drj iudj §u Ôú;fha fldgila f.k tAfï ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh we;s neúka fuh f,i lghq;= lrkjd fia u mqoa.,hka fuka u fjysl,a (vehical) ;;a;ajh f,i fydalskaia ish¨ f,dal i;ajhdg o\" fldkafoais úrys;j uy;d fmkajd fohs' lreKdj ±laùug ;rï fuu wjfndaO;d uÜgï j, isák mqoa.,hka yg Wreuj we;s b;d Wiia fï wkqj mqoa., ixj¾Ok fuj,ula .=Kdx.hls' jYfhka by; lS lreKq ish,a, ms<sn| ksis wjfndaOhlska hq;= j ;u Ôú;h id¾:l;ajh oelau lrd f.k tAug wm W;aiql úh hq;= h'oelau 08

±fjk is;aiqjm;a lr.ksuq' fud<h ;=< ì,shk .Kkdjl kshqfrdak fud<fha we;sjk ;rx. mrdih;sfnk w;r tu kshqfrdak tlsfkl hï lsis úoHq;audOHhla Wmfhda.S fldg f.k ikaksfõokh lrk .eud ;rx. (Gamma waves)25 Hz - 100Hznj;a\" tu úoHq;a udOHh ksid fud<h ;=< úoHq;a fuys idudkH ;;a;ajh 40 Hz fõ'pqïnl fCIa;%hla yg.kakd nj;a tu lafIa;%fhaixLHd;h EEG hka;%hla u.ska ksÍCIKh l< fuu ;rx. mrdih .eud ;rx. f,i y÷kajhs' fuhyels nj;a wms miq.sh l,dmh ;=,ska Tng fmkajd idudkHfhka ñksid fud<h fjfyijd jev lrkfok ,§' wjia:dj, fuka u ks¾udKd;aul woyia Woa§mkfha § b;d iq¿ ld, mrdihl o fuu ;rx. rgdj wmfud<h ;=< we;s kshqfrdak fud<h ;=< l%shd;aul jk nj m¾fhaIK u.ska ikd: fldg we;' îgd ;rx. (Beta waves) 12.5 Hz - 30 Hz fõ' fuu ;rx. mrdih îgd ;rx. f,i y÷kajhs' fuh wm idudkH Ôú;fha § wjÈfhka isák wjia:dj, fuka u tÈfkod isÿ lrk jev lghq;= iïnkaO l%shdldrlï j, § wmf.a fud<h ;=< l%shd;aul fõ' we,a*d ;rx. (Alpha waves) 7.5Hz - 12.5 Hz fõ' fuu úoHq;a in|;d wmg fud<h wdY%s;j fuu ;rx. mrdih we,a*d ;rx. f,i oelua y÷kajhs' fuh idudkHfhka wm b;du;a ikaiqka 09we;sjk ;rx. (brain waves) f,i ±laúh yel' ukilska isák wjia:d j, § yd Ndjkd lrkfuu ;rx. úúO ixLHd; uÜgï wkqj úúO wjia:d j, § fuka u wv kskaol isák wjia:d j, §mrdi j,g fnod ±laúh yel' th wms lrk wm fud<h ;=< we;s ;rx. mrdihls'l%shdj wkqj yd yeÕSï wkqj fjkia fõ'idudkHfhka wm fud<h ;=< .eud\" îgd\" we,a*d\";Sgd\" fv,agd jYfhka ixLHd; uÜgï fnod±laúh yel'

;Sgd ;rx. (Theta waves) 4Hz - 7Hz fõ' ;rx. o ndysßka ,nd fok ixLHd; j,g iudkj m%;spdr olajk nj fidhdf.k we;' fuu l%uh fuu ;rx. ;Sgd ;rx. mrdih f,i wmg wjYH jk ys;lr udkisl uÜgï lrd hdu y÷kajhs' fuh idudkHfhka kskafoa § we;sjk i|yd WmldÍ fõ' ;rx. mrdihla jk w;r isysk ±lSu o fuu ;;a;ajh ;=< isÿ fõ' ;j o .eUqre Ndjkd ;=< wm fud<h ;=< we;s msksh,a .%kaÓh isák wjia:djl § fuu ;rx. rgdj ±l.; (Pineal Gland) u.ska ksmojk ridhksl yel' l%shdj,shlg wkqj wm ;=< yeÕSï\" is;=ú,s yd l%shdjka we;s fõ' tA wkqj fud<h b;du;a hym;a fv,agd ;rx. (Delta waves) 0.5Hz - 2Hz fõ' fuka u whym;a ;rx. rgd ks¾udKh lrk Wmdx.hls' th ndysßka ,ndfok kdo rgd muKla fuu ;rx. fv,agd ;rx. mrdih f,i fkdj wdf,dalh\" Yíoh yd fjk;a ixfõok y÷kajhs' fuh idudkHfhka .eUqre Ndjkd yd úÈhg ;rx. rgd u.ska wm fud<h ;=< ridhksl isysk fkdfmfkk .eUqre kskafoa § we;sjk l%shdj,shlg mßj¾;kh lrkq ,nhs' fuys we;s ;rx. rgdjls' fuys b;d jeo.;au lreKla jákdlu kï wmg ys;lr ;rx. rgd ndysßka wm jkafka jvd;au .eUqre Ndjkdjka ;=< OHdk .; fud<h ;=<g ,nd § wmg m%fhdackj;a jk jQ fuu ;rx. rgdfjys isák mqoa.,fhl=f.a udkisl uÜgï lrd hd yels ùu hs' WodyrK f,i ish¨ mxfÉkaøshkag ,efnk ish¨u ix{d úikaê jeiail Yíoh\" uqyqÿ fjr<l we;sjk Yíoh ù ;sîuhs' tkï tjeks ;;a;ajhl isák fuka u ixèjk (sympony) ;=<ska wm fud<h ;=< mqoa.,fhl=f.a w; mh lmd bj;a l< o Tyqg we;s ;rx. W;af;ackh lrkq ,nhs' lsisjla ±fkkafka ke;' Pierre Janine hk udkisl ffjoHjrhd Ndjkdjka ;=< § isÿjkafka fmr i|yka isÿl< m¾fhaIKhlg wkqj hï ixLHd;hlg l< mßÈ wm fud<h ;=< we;sjk ;rx. rgdfõ .efyk wdf,dalhla udkisl frda.Ska yg fjkia ùu hs' tkï idudkH ;;a;ajh ;=< § ksrdjrKh lsÍfuka Tjqka ;< we;s ysiaáßhd mj;sk ;rx. rgdjka we,a*d\" ;Sgd\" .eud hk (Hysteria) kue;s udhdldÍ frda. ;;a;ajh ^fuh ;rx. rgd j,g l%ul%ufhka meñKSuhs' kQ;kfha ysfkdkaudoh kue;s frda.h f,i o ye¢kaúh y÷kajd § we;s kj;u ix.S;uh kdo rgd yel'& l%ul%ufhka myj hk nj;a Tjqka ;=< (Relaxation music) Y%jKh ;=<ska b;d flá ksial,xl nj jeä lrk nj;a fidhdf.k we;' ld,hla ;=< fuu ;rx. mrdi j,g wmg <Õd úh yels nj m¾fhaIK u.ska ikd: fldg we;' W;af;ack kdo rgd Y%jKh ;=<ska fud<h fï i|yd úúO ;rx. mrdihka lrd úúO kdo ;=< we;s jï w¾Oh fuka u ol=Kq w¾Oh w;r rgd ks¾udKh fldg we;' fuh wmg ndysr iuuqyq¾;khla (Synchronized) jk w;r fud<fha W;af;ack f,i ye¢kaúh yel' WodyrKhla l%shdldÍ;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lrkjd fuka u f,i ;;a wdY%s;j ks¾udKh jQ mshdfkda folla ld¾hCIu;djhg o fya;= fõ' fuu ndysr tl <Õ ;nd tl mshdfkdajla jdokh lrk úg W;af;ack j,g fud<h ;=< we;s ;rx. m%;spdr tu mshdfkdafjka msgjk ixLHd; wks;a olajk nj 1930 ueo Nd.fha isg mÍCIK mj;ajd mshdfkdafõ o we;sjk w;r wfkla mshdfkdafõ tA we;' yd iudkj Yíoh fkdhkafka ;rx.fha úia;drh iudk fkdùu fya;=fjks' kuq;a ixLHd; folu Tnf.a udkisl ÈhqKqj i|yd wjYH jk tl yd iudk fõ' tA wkqj fud<h ;=< we;sjk ix.S;uh kdo rgd wka;¾cd,h u.ska ,nd.; yels w;r th ;ukaf.a cx.u ÿrl:k ;=< fyda oelau fjk;a WmlrKhla u.ska ;u foijkg iunrj wefik mßÈ (Head Phone) Ndú;d lrkafka kïoelau jvd;a iqÿiqhs' Y%jKh lsÍfuka fuu fjki lrd 10 Tng;a hd yel'

f.da,Sh WKqiqu miq.sh l,dmfhka wm f.da,Sh WKqiqu fï ksid c,c Ôùkaf.a ,dnd, wjia:djkahkq l=ula o\" th isÿjkafka flfia o hkak yd tu jk ì;a;r\" lSg\" ms,d jeks wjia:djkag wys;lrksid we;sjk mdßißl yd iudchSh .eg¿\" ;;a;ajhla Wod fjhs'fjkiaùï\" ms<sn| wm Tng bÈßm;a lrk ,§’fujr wm Tng bÈßm;a lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= th iuia; lrÈh yd ñßÈh Ôùkaf.ajkafka ;j;a tjeks l%shdl,dmhka ms<sn| jeäÿr meje;aug fuka u wdydr oduhka flfrys o ±ä j±kqj;a lsÍula yd tAjd j<lajd .; yels n,mEfuka f,dal wdydr ksIamdokfha o wvqjeäwdldrhka ms<sn|j h' ùula olakg mq¿jk' j¾;udkh jk úg f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä tfuka u .%Ska,ka;h wdY%S;j m¾fhaIKùu fya;= fldg f.k úúO wys;lr m%;sM,hka lrk úoaj;=ka fmkajd fokafka fjk;a lsis÷/ilg uqyqK §ug isÿj we;' id.r c, uÜgï ld,hlg jvd jeä fõ.fhka whsia ;Ügq Èh ùugby< hEu\" id.ßl Ôùka úkdY ùu hdu\" mgka f.k we;s nj hs'.%Ska,ka;h wdY%s;j we;s whsia ;Ügq fõ.fhka Èhù hdu\" j¾Idm;k rgdjka fjkia ùu\" jix.; oelaufrda. mSvd wd§h j¾Ok ùu hkd§ lreKq fmkajd 11Èh yels h' f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeäùu fya;=fjkawe;sjk m%Odk .eg¨j jkafka id.r c, uÜguby< hdu hs' fï fya;=fldg f.k miq.sh ishji;=< fmdÿfõ f,dalfha uqyqÿ c, uÜgu 10 cm isg20 cm olajd m%udKhlska by< f.dia we;s njúoaj;=ka fmkajd fohs' tfuka u ¥m;a 1200 lska iukaú;ud,Èjhska ¥m;a j,ska 80] la uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg1m lg jeä Wiska msysgd ke;' fï fya;=fldgf.k È.ska È.g u f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä ù uqyqÿuÜgu by< .shfyd;a ud,Èjhsk ñysmsáka ;=rkaùfï wjOdkula mj;S' ;j o f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä ùu;a iuÕ uid.r c,fha yd f.dvìfï we;s c,dYj, we;sc,fha WIaK;ajh o jeä fjhs'

;j o f,dalh mqrd ld,.=Ksl yd fï whqßka ne¨ l, tla milska muKla foaY.=Ksl ;;a;ajhka o fjkia fjñka mj;S' fkdj ish¨ wdldrj,ska wmf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh ,xldj ;=< o fï ;;a;ajh m%dfhda.slj w;aúÈñka ukao.dó lsÍug;a f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh by< hdu we;' we;eï úh<s m%foaY f;;a l,dm njg fya;=jla ù we;' yefrñka mj;S' tfuka u f;;a l,dm úh<s l,dm njg yefrñka mj;S' we;eï m%foaY j, —h, yß;d.dr jdhQka m%Odk f,i lkakfha yd uyd lkakfha˜ j.djka o fjkia lsÍug ldnkavfhdlaishâ\" khsg%ia Tlaihsâ\" óf;aka\" isÿ fõ' kshñ; ld,hg fmr jeis ,eîu yd CFC\" ydfn%dñka y÷kf.k we;' by< jdhqf.da, j¾Idm;kh wdrïN jk ld, iSudj o fjkia ùu mßirhka ys c, jdIam yd ´fidaka o yß;d.dr olakg ,efí' jdhq f,i l%shd lrhs' fï jdhq w;ßka ldnkavfhdlaihsâ\" khsg%ia Tlaihsâ\" óf;aka wdÈh mDÓú WIaK;ajh jeä ùu ksid me<Eá ñys;,h ;=< ia:dhs WIaK;ajhla mj;ajdf.k j,ska isÿjk jdIamSlrKh fõ.j;a fõ' hdug Woõ fjhs' túg me<Eá blaukska úh<Sulg ,la fõ' fuf;la ;=,s;j ;snq pl%Sh l%shdj,shg jdIamSlrKh jeä ùu ksid N+.; c,h fmdf<dj wu;rj tl;= jQ yß;d.dr jdhq\" jdhq f.da,hg u;= msgg meñKSu isÿ fõ' tAjd iu. Lksc øjH tlaùu ksid jdhq f.da,fha WKqiqu r|jd ;nd mi u;= msgg meñK ;ekam;a ùu ksid Ydlj, .ekSfï yelshdj by< f.dia we;' j¾Okhg ndOd muqKqjhs' wm úiska fï ;;a;ajh md,kh lsÍu ;j o WIaK;ajh by< hdu ksid jix.; i|yd jkdka;r t<s fmfy<s lsÍï\" frda. me;sr hdfï jeä wjOdkula mj;S' YS; ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqj md,khlska f;drj ld,.=K ;;a;ajhka hgf;a uÿrejdf.a j¾Okh mßirhg uqod yeÍu md,kh l< hq;=uh' fufia wvq jYfhka isÿ fõ' kuq;a mßirh WKqiqï ùu;a wmg l< yels ld¾hh m%udKhj;a fkdl<fyd;a iuÕ Tjqkaf.a .ykh jeä ù frda.dndOhkag bÈß ld, jljdkqj fndfyda m%Yak j,g uqyqK ,laùfï jeä bvlvla mj;S' mEug isÿjkq we;' oeluaoelau 12

ydlDñkdYl øjH tAjd Ndú;h ksid we;sjk .eg¿ miq.sh l,dmfhka wm lDñkdYl øjH yd tfuka u bÈß wjqreÿ 05 ld,h ;=< fï oeluatAjd Ndú;h ksid we;sjk .eg¿ Tng wm ;;a;ajh fkdi,ld yßñka ;jÿrg;a fï úi 13bÈßm;a lrk ,§' mig yd c,hg tl;= jqjfyd;a ksh; jYfhka u fï m<d;a j, YsIagdpdrh mj;ajd.k hdu fuu lDñkdYl øjH fya;=fjka wo jk nrm;, wNsfhda.hla jk nj fmkajd § we;'úg ,xldj mqrd m%YakldÍ jd;djrKhla f.dvke.S we;' tA ukao h;a lDñkdYl øjH Ndú;h tfuka u fï ;;a;ajh j<lajd .ekSugfya;=fjka tAjd îug .kakd c,hg ñY% ù jl=.vq kï rcfha wod< n,OdÍka yd wdh;k úiskawjysr;d iy jl=.vq krla ùfï m%Yakhlg wo m<sfndaO md,k mk; hgf;a tA wod<jk úg YS% ,xldfõ ck;dj uqyqK § we;' m<sfndaOkdYl furgg f.kaùu\" úlsKSu iy fnod yeÍu ;ykï l< hq;= j we;' W;=r\" W;=re ueo\" kef.kysr\" jhU\" iyW!j hk m<d;a j, me;sr we;s fï jl.vq frda.h rcrg m%foaYfha fmdf<djg'nyq,j ums<sn|j úoaj;=ka fuka u f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh tl;= ù we;s wdiksla tAjd Wrd .ekSug yelso mÍCIK isÿ lrkq ,nhs' .iaje,a mdúÉÑ lrñka bj;a lsÍu ms<sn|j fï jk úg mÍCIK isÿ lrñka mj;S' fï iïnkaO mÍCIK isÿ l, úoaj;=kafmkajd § we;af;a m<sfndaO kdYl j, wvx.= ner tfuka u fï ;;a;ajh j<lajd .ekSugf,day ix>gl lsjq,a c,hg ñY% ùu fya;=fjka wm l< hq;=j we;af;a ridhksl øjH fhdodmiqj tu c,h mdkh lsÍfuka jl=.vq frda.h .ksñka isÿ lrk lDIs l¾udka;h fjkqjgks¾udKh jk nj hs' tfuka u frda.Skaf.ka 63] l ldnksl f.dú;ekg yqre ùu h'muK mudkhlg wdiksla YÍrfha ;sfnkm%udKhg jvd jeä m%udKhla fï jk úgwka;¾.; ù we;s nj fidhd f.k we;' fï wdldrhg ;;a;ajh nrm;, ùwe;af;a j.lsj hq;= msßia uqksj; /lSu fya;=fjkanj fmkajd Èh yels h' miq.sh jir 15 l ld,h;=< 20\"000 muK msßila furgg wysñ ù ;sfí' fuys Nhdklu ldrKh jkafkajl=.vqjlska 70] la muK m%udkhla krla jk;=re f,fâ we;s njg y÷kd .ekSug fkdyels ùuhs' tkï 15] muK y÷kd.;a frda.Ska o isáh oTjqkaf.a jl=.vq wju jYfhka 50] la j;a krlafjñka mj;sk nj hs'

ldnksl f.dú;ek hkak Y%S ,dxlsl ksIamdokh lrk wdydr i|yd mj;sk by< f.dúhkag w¨;a fohla fkdfõ' fuh f,dalh mqrd b,a¨u fya;=fldgf.k fndfyda rgj, f.dùka fï iS.%fhka j¾Okh jk f.dú;eka l%uhls' ;j i|yd ±ka fhduq fjñka mj;S\" w;lg fuh wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;ka l, mßir ys;ldó w;S; f.dú;eka l%u kQ;k ;dCIKsl úfYaIfhka bkaÈhdj jeks rgj,a mjd fï ±kqu;a iu. ixl,kh lsÍfuka idod.;a ;sridr flfrys ;u Wkkaÿj fhduq lrñka isáhs' flfia f.dú;eka l%uhla f,i o ye¢kaúh yels h' jQj;a ldnksl f.dú;ek w;ska jeä m%.;shla ,ndf.k isákafka ngysr rgj,a h' fuys we;s úfYaI;ajh jkafka mßir ¥Ikhg fya;=jk yd ñksia fi!LH wys;lr tfuka u ;u f.dú;ek ldnksl lDñkdYl ridhksl fmdfydr bkaOk jeks øjH f.dúm,la njg mßj¾;kh lrk f.dùka i|yd Ndú;d fkdlsÍu fyda b;d wjuhla olajd iSud iykdOdr\" úúO Èß .ekaùï ,nd§u isÿ lrkq lrk ,o tA fjkqjg f.dúm, wdY%s; imhd .; ,nhs' yels i;aj yd Ydl wmøjh Ndú;fhka idod.; yels fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr yd Ydl fldgia Y%S ,xldfõ o ±kg ldnksl t<j¿\" wdY%fhka ,nd .kakd fld< fmdfydr yd l=¿nvq\" f;a iq¿ mßudKfhka wmkhkh isÿ lrkq f.dúm,g neyerh imhd .; yels úfhdackh ,nhs' bÈßfha § Y%S ,xldfõ ldnksl f.dú;ek jk ldnksl wmøjH fmdfydr jYfhka Ndú;hg ÈhqKq lsÍug úYd, úNjhla we;s w;r ±kg fï .kS' iïnkaOfhka m%udKj;a W;aidyhla ord fkdue;' ;j o rks, l=,fha Ydl lafIa;%fha j.d úfYaIfhka ±kgu;a lDñkdYl yd lrñka mig iajdNdúlju fmdaIl tla lr.; lD;su fmdfydr b;d wvqfjka fhdod .ksñka j.d yel' lrk .ïñßia\" fldams\" l=re÷ jeks wmkhk fnda. yd f;a jeks jeú,s fnda.hka o myiqfjka ldnksl Bg wu;rj ldnksl f.dú;efka § j.djka njg m;a l< yels h' ridhksl fmdfydr fjkqjg ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;d lrk fyhska fnda.j, frda. yd m<sfndaO ldnksl wdydr f,dal fj<|fmdf<a wf,ú j,g Tfrd;a;= §fï .=Kh jeäùula o isÿ fõ' lsÍug wjYH .ekqïlrejka fidhd .ekSu wka;¾cd,h Tiafia myiqfjka u l< yels w;r ridhksl fmdfydr m<sfndaOkdYl jeks wod< wdydr j, mej;sh hq;= m%ñ;Ska yd úI ridhksl øjH Ndú;h u.ska ñksidg yd weiqreïlrKh jeks f;dr;=re fï u.ska mßir moaO;Skag jk ydksh mÍCIK u.ska myiqfjka ,nd.; yel' ;yjqre ùu;a iu. u ridhksl øjH Ndú;fhka f;drj ldnkslj ksmo jQ wdydr fj; fhduq ùfï wfma f.dú uy;=ka o ridhksl l%u j,ska m%jK;djla f,dj mqrd ks¾udKh fjñka mj;S' neyerj ldnksl f.dú;ek jeks l%u wkq.ukh lr jeä úfoaY úksuhka ,nd .ekSug W;aiql úh fï ksid .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajfhka by< hq;= ld,h t<U we;' ldnksl wdydr i|yd jvd jeä ñ,la fj<|fmdf<a § ,nd.; yel' oelauoelau fndfyda úg úfoaY fjf<|fmdf<a fuu 14 ñ, fo.=Khla fyda Bg;a jvd jeä ñ,la ùug jqj o bv we;' f,dal fjf<|fmdf<a ldnksl

orejkaf.a udkisl ixj¾Okh yd foudmshkaf.a n,mEu foudmshka f,i wm yg u;=msáka n,k iu. mj;ajkq ,nk udkisl ueÈy;a ùï j, oelauúg orejkaf.a wdydrmdk iemhSu\" we÷ï me<÷ï\" wdrCIs; ueÈy;a ùï wkqj orejkaf.a fm!¾I 15wOHdmkh\" wdrCIdj yd wfkl=;a wjYH;d ixj¾Okh jeäysá wjêh ;=< we;s lsÍugbgqlrñka Tjqkaf.a Ôú; f.dvk.d .ekSug yelshdj we;s njhs'wjYH uQ,sl wä;d,u iemhSu fmfkkakg;snqK;a wNHka;rfhka orejkaf.a fm!rI;aj orejkaf.a udkisl ixj¾Okh ;=< § ujj¾Ok ld¾hhg n,mEï lsÍu b;d jeo.;a ;=< orejkaj b;d WKqiqï /l n,d.ekSfïjkakls' ndysr wjYH;d bgqlrñka orejka yelshdjka mj;S kï th Okd;aul f,iyodjvd .ekSu fiau tfia b;d mßiaifuka orejkaf.a ixj¾Okhg n,mdkq we;'f.dvk.k ,o orejkaf.a fm!¾I;aj ldrKd W;aidyfhka f;drj isák ;;a;ajhka ;=< § Ôj;aTjqkaf.a bÈß meje;aug yd ixj¾Okhg b;d jk uõjreka yd orejkaf.a udkisl ixj¾Okhby< n,mEula we;s ksid tA ms<sn|j b;d fyd| ms<sn|j isÿ lr we;s m¾fhaIK ;=<ska ikd: ùwjfndaOhlska lghq;= lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' tfia we;af;a fujeks uõjrekag ìfoK iq¿ yeÕSï\"jkafka fndfyda úg orejkaf.a wkd.; wdl,am yd p¾hdjka mj;sk ksid Tjqka orejkajhymeje;au ;SrKh lrkq ,nk ;SrKd;aul Ñ;a;fõ.S .eg¿ j,g ueÈ ùug bv we;sn,fõ. w;r foudmshkaf.a n,mEu b;d jeä wjodkï j,g ksrdhdifhka fhduq lrk nj hs'jYfhka orejkag n,mEï lrk neúks' fuu.ska fmkS hkafka orejkaf.a udkisl ixj¾Okhg ndOdldÍ wjia:d uõjreka fyda orejkaf.a iyc l=i,;d ÈhqKq lsÍu mshjrekaf.a mj;sk .eg¿ldÍ ;;a;ajhka u;i|yd foudmshka úiska isÿ l< yels n,mEu b;d we;s ùug bv we;s nj hs'úYd, wOHhk j,ska fidhd f.k we;' tfia uueÈy;a fkdùfï m%;sM,h jkafka orejka orejka ;=< udkisl ixj¾Okfha jeo.;a;ukaf.a iyc yelshdjka j¾Okh lr wx.hla jkafka udkisl ixfõok md,kh hs' ;ufkd.ekSu;a wka wh iu. wod< f,i wka;¾ foudmshka wka wh iu. wka;¾ in|;din|;d meje;aùug olajk ÿ¾j,;djhka mj;ajkafka flfia o hkak ms<sn|j orejkaÔú;fha úúO wjëka ;=< § m%o¾Ykh ùu hs' ksÍCIKh lrkq ,nkjd fia u Tjqka o iu jhia lKavdhï yd wka jhia lKavdhï iu. wka;¾ foudmshka úiska orejkaf.a udkisl in|;d meje;aùfï § tu yeÕSï tf,iuixj¾Okh i|yd isÿ lrkq ,nk ueÈy;a ùfï wkqlrKh lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs' iudcfhaú,dYh iycfhka meñfKkakla fkdj\" tÈfkod mj;sk w;a±lSï wkqj l=vd orejka úiskafoudmshka ;ukaf.a <orejka iu. Wmf;a isg fi,a,ï f.j,a\" fi,a,ï mdi,a\" fi,a,ï lv ;=<lghq;= lrk wdldrh u; ;SrKh jkakls' mj;ajkq ,nk p¾hdjka ms<sn| b;d ishqïfoudmshka úiska isÿ lrk wkjYH ueÈy;a ùï ksÍCIKfha § yªkd .; yelafla yeÕSï bÈßm;aÈ.ska È.gu isÿ l<fyd;a ndOdjkag ,laùu we;s lsÍu yd md,kh lsÍï j,g miqìï lr.kakdlrkjd fia u Tjqka ;=< §¾> ld,Sk n,mEï o we;s w;a±lSï fndfyda úg ;ukaf.a ksji\" foudmshkalrhs' fuu.ska meyeÈ,s jkafka foudmshka orejka yd ne÷kq udkisl w;a±lSï j, m%;sìïnk jk nj hs'

oelau foudmshka orejka iu. mj;ajk id¾:l;ajh fyda wid¾:l;ajh we;sjk nj;a 16 Ñ;a;fõ.S wka;¾ in|;d j, § fndfyda úg nqoaêh iaÓrj mj;skakla fkdj wLKavj j¾Okh wdl%uKYS,s yd m%fõ.ldÍ Ñ;a;fõ.S w;a±lSï jkakla nj;a jgyd .kS' fï ksid m%;sM,hg jvd ,nkakg orejkaf.a .;s mej;=ï ;=< tjeks W;aidyh fj; m%Yxid lsÍu u.ska orejka is;=ú,s\" úYajdi yd .;s mej;=ï jvd;a ;yjqre wLKavj ;ukaf.a iajhx wNsfm%arKh we;slr jk w;r fïjdfha m%;sM, <ud ld,fha § fuka u .ekSug;a wid¾:l;ajhka yuqfõ W;aidyh miq ld,Sk jeäysá iuh ;=< § úúO wLKav f,i mj;ajd .ekSug;a mqreoaola we;s ksfYaOkd;aul n,mEï tla lrkq ,nkafka lr.kq we;' Tjqkaf.a fm!¾I;aj .;s ,CIK o my;g ouñks' orejkaf.a jerÈ iy.; p¾hd j, § orejkaf.a l%shd l,dmhka i|yd o`vqjï §u foudmshkaf.a idudkH mqreoaola jqj;a ksrka;rj úfõpkd;aul m%;spdr ±laùu fyda tys § jeo.;a jkafka orejkag ;ud úiska isÿl< Tjqka ikaksfõok lrk fYdalh fyda ;ryj bj; jerÈ iy.; p¾hdjka ms<sn| we;s ±óu jeks ldrKd orejkaf.a is;a ;=< jerÈldÍ;ajh wjfndaO lr,Su h' tu jerÈldÍ ksfYaOkd;aul yeÕSï we;s lr,Su;a\" wd;;Ska uev yeÕSï we;s fkdù o`vqju u.ska orejkag mj;ajd .ekSu wmyiq lrùu;a we;s lrhs' tfia ,eÊcdjla we;s jqjfyd;a Tjqkaf.a fm!rI;aj fkdue;sj orejkag Ñ;a;fõ.S jYfhka uekúka .;s ,CIK ySk ùug bv ;sfí' WodyrKhla u. fmkaùu yd Tjqkag Tjqka ms<sn|j m%ldYkhg f,i orejkaf.a jerÈ i|yd iu jhia lKavdhï myiq bv m%ia:d we;s lsÍu wd§h orejkaf.a idudðlhska bÈßfha § o`vqjï ,nd §u u.ska wLKav Ñ;a;fõ.S md,kfhka we;s lr,Sug;a fndfydaúg orejkag jroldß;ajh f;areï Tjqkaf.a Ydia;%Sh yd iudc l=i,;d ÈhqKq lsÍug;a .ekSug bvla ,nd §ug jvd isÿjkafka ;u bjy,a fõ' hy¿jka bÈßfha § ,eÊcdjg m;a ùu hs' ,eÊcdj hkq ;u wd;auh ms<sn|j we;s RKd;aul <ore ld,h ;=< § orejkaf.a Ñ;afõ.S ;Skaÿjla jk w;r jerÈldÍ;ajh hkq ;ukaf.a ixj¾Okh i|yd foudmshkaf.a m%Yxid b;d ksYaÑ; yeisÍula i|yd we;s RKd;aul jeo.;a fufyhla bgq lrhs' orejkaf.a hym;a ;SrKhls' tkï ,eÊcdj hkq ;ud krl p¾hd i|yd foudmshka úiska m%Yxid lsÍu u.ska mqoa.,fhl= hk yeÕSu jk w;r jroldß;ajh orejkaf.a tjeks p¾hd i|yd jákdlula orejka hkq uu jerÈ fohla lr we; hk yeÕSu hs' ;=< ksi.fhka we;s lrkjd muKla fkdj tjeks p¾hd i|yd foudmshka ;=< we;s jákdlu tu ksid Ndjd;aul ixj¾Okfha § ms<sn|j orejka ;=< l%u l%ufhka yeÕSula we;s o`vqjï §u o b;d m%fõifuka isÿ l< hq;= w;r\" fõ' fuh orejkaf.a hym;a wdldrfha p¾hd th yqfolau je/oaola tA;a;= .ekAùug i|yd i|yd È.ska È.gu lrkq ,nk iú.ekaula jk úkd orejd ;=< wka wh bÈßfha § ,eÊcdjg w;r u th wfmaCId fkdlrk p¾hd fjkia lsÍfï m;aùula isÿ fkdùu jeo.;a fõ' § b;d jeo.;a ld¾hhla bgq lrkq ,nhs' fuys § orejf.a udkisl iú.ekaùu i|yd jeo.;a iuia;hla f,i .;al, orejkaf.a jkafka foudmshkaf.a wjOdkh hs' m%Yxid lsÍu udkisl yd hym;a p¾hd;aul ixj¾Okh i|yd u.ska isÿjkafka orejf.a hym;a Ndjhka yd mjq, fldf;la fyd¢ka l%shd;aul fõ o hkak b;d p¾hdjka i|yd foudmshkaf.a ±ä wjOdkh we;s jeo.;a jk nj fmfka' fufia jkafka orejkaf.a nj orejd ;=< ta;a;= .ekaùu hs' tu.ska fndfyda miq <ud ld,fha § yd ;reK ld,fha § ;uka úg orejka hym;a udkisl;ajfhka yd hym;a úiska uqyqK fokq ,nk Ôjk .eg¿ úi|d p¾hd i|yd fhduq lr.; yels h' .ekSfï § orejka l=vd l< mjq, ;=< f.dv kef.k ufkda úoHd;aul moku b;d jeo.;a fuys § b;d jeo.;a jkafka foudmshka f,i n,mdk ksid h' úiska hym;a p¾hdjka i|yd m%Yxid lsÍu muKla fkdj orejkaf.a yelshdjka j,g jvd Tjqka hï fohla lsÍug olajk W;aidyhka i|yd hym;a m%Yxid ±laùu hs' orejkaf.a hym;a p¾hd iy tAjdfha m%;sM, i|yd muKla m%Yxid fkdfldg tjeks W;aidyhka orejkaf.ka m%o¾Ykh jQ úg tAjdg m%Yxid lsÍu u.ska ;ukaf.a W;aidyh u;

orejka ;ud úiska f.dv k.d .; hq;= i|yd f.dv k.d .; yels wdo¾Y p¾hd iuQylaiudÔhh iïnkaO;d ms<sn| j uq,au wjfndaOh fuf,i ,ehsia;= .; l< yels h';u mjq, ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ksid mjqf,ald¾hNd¾hh fuys § b;d woaú;Sh ia:dkhla .kS' 1' mjqf,a iEu idudðlfhl=gu iyfhda.horejkaf.a mrdëk;djh i|yd yd Tjqkaf.a ±laùu'iudcNdjh flfrys wjOdkhg ie,lSula mjqf,aidudðlhkaf.ka ,eîu;a iu. mqoa.,fhl= f,i 2' tlsfkl w;r Okd;aul ikaksfõokhlawka whf.a ie,l=ï j,g Ndckh ùfï w;a±lSï mj;ajd .ekSu',nd .ekSu fuys § jeo.;ajk w;r u tu.skamiqld,Skj ;uka ;=< wka whg ;nd.; hq;= bv 3' orejkaf.a mdie,a wOHdmk lghq;= j,gyd wka;¾ in|;d iajrEmh ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla iïnkaO ùu'o orejka we;slr .kS' fuu.ska orejka wka wh;=< fjkia jQ wNsreÑka\" n,dfmdfrd;a;= yd 4' orejkaf.a p¾hdj i|yd iSudjka ks¾KhTjqkaf.a u ms<sfj<j,a we;s nj jgyd .kS' tu.ska lsÍu'Tjqkaf.a miqld,Sk Ôjk in|;d yd .eg¿ j,gidOkSh f,i ms<s;=re fidhd .ekSfï yelshdj yd 5' ld,h fyd¢ka m%fhdackhg .ekSu ms<sn|nqoaêh j¾Okh jkq we;' fufia n,k l< orejka Wkkaÿ lsÍu'wka wh u; hefmk ld, iSudj mjq, úiska wdydr\"we÷ï me<÷ï\" fijk\" wdrCIs; mßirh\" 6' bf.kSug we;s lem ùu ms<sn|m%udKj;a u. fmkaùu yd wjYH fi!LH yd foudmshkaf.a lemùu m%o¾YkhwOHdmkh ,eìh hq;= w;r u orejka iyfhda.h\"wdorh\" Tjqkaj jákd nj yd l=i,;d mQ¾K nj 7' Okd;aul jákdlï f.dvkef.kms<s|j yeÕSula we;s lr,Su i|yd wjYH mßirh whqßka j.lSï m%j¾Okhksji ;=< f.dv kexùug;a ;ukaf.a Ôjk .eg¿j,g idOkSh ms<s';=re fidhd .ekSug wjYH 8' ie,iqï lsÍu\" ;SrK .ekSu\" kdhl;ajh\"fm!¾I;aj ixj¾Okhka we;s lrkq we;' wkq.dñl;ajh hk iudc l=i,;d j¾Okh ixCIsma; f,i .;a l< orejkaf.audkisl ixj¾Okfha § foudmshkaf.a ueÈy;a ùu 9' orejkag ;ukaf.a iajhx n,h\" Yla;sh\" wruqKq yd ;ukaf.a wkd.;h ms<sn|j lshd §u' hkd§ lreKq ldrKd fmkajd Èh yels h'oelua oelua 17

fkdkeiS mej;Sug kï\" w¨;a bf.kqï l,dmhlg mshjr ;nñka tkï\" kdid ys (NASA) wNHjldY f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh 1' ck.ykh jeä ùfï .eg¨j 2' foaY.=K úm¾hdi n,mEu u.ska wkq.%yh olajñka fïß,kaâ úYaj 3' c,h ysÕ ùu 4' lDIs ld¾ñl l%u bÈßhg mj;ajd úoHd,fha (University of Maryland) ys § lrk ,o m¾fhaIKhlg wkqj ikd: ù we;af;a ±kg .ekSug fkdyels ;;a;ajhla Wod ùu 5' wêl iïm;a Ndú;h yd iïm;a fn§ mj;sk wdldrhg u bÈßhg;a lghq;= lrñka hdfï we;s fjkialï isáhfyd;a j¾;udk ld¾ñl YsIagdpdrh hk lreKq uQ,sl fldg f.k fudjqka blaukska lvd jeà úkdY ù hk nj h' fuu bÈßm;a lr we;s jd¾;dj u.ska lreKq bÈßm;a fldg we;' Human and Nature Dynamically (HANDY) wdo¾Yk udÈ,sh ;=<ska ,efnkakd jQ wkdjelsh j¾;udkfha o f,dalfha fndfyda úg fï kHdhd;aul mokulska muKla hqla; jqj;a uE;l lreKq iq,nj olakg ,efnkakls' § tx.,ka;fha m%Odk u rCIK wdh;khla jk ck.ykh o b;d iS.% f,i j¾Okh ùu (Lloyd's wdh;kh iu.&\" UN-IPCC iy KPMG jeks fya;=fldgf.k iïm;a CIh ùulg ,la fõ' th wdh;k u.ska lrk ,o iajdëk iy m%dfhda.sl fya;= fldgf.k úúO wm f,dalhg m%Yak j,g uqyqK §ug isÿ fõ' ;j o mj;sk iïm;a j, wOHhk ;=<ska o olajkq ,nkafka HANDY wdo¾Yk ysñldÍ;ajh iudcfha by< me<eka;sh i;=j we;s udÈ,sh ikd: lrkakd jQ lreKq oduhls' ksid Tjqka úiska iïm;a wêl mßfNdackh lsÍu fya;=fldg f.k iudcfha idudkH ckhd yg tu University of Maryland ys § m¾fhaIK iïm;a mßfNdackfha wjia:djka wysñ ùu wo jk lghq;= j, kshe¨Kq Safe Motesharrei úiska úg olakg ,efnk lreKls' ilik ,o Human and Nature Dynamically (HANDY) wdo¾Yk udÈ,sh fhdodf.k fuu m<uqj iïm;a CIh ùfuka Y%u odhl;ajh f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍug kdid wdh;kh lghq;= imhkakka wvq ù l%ula l%ufhka miqld,Skj isÿ lr we;' iïm;a ysñldÍ;ajh iys; by< me<eka;sh o úkdY fõ' thg m%Odk fya;=j f,i Tjqka fmkajd fokafka iïm;a wêl mßfNdackh yd iïm;a fufia úkdY ùu wvq lr .ekSug kï fnod .ekSfï we;s wiudk;dhs' m%;sm;a;suh fuka u wdl,amuh fjkila we;s l< hq;= nj fuu jd¾;dfjka wjOdrKh lrhs' fï ;j o Tjqka fmkajd fok mßÈ w;S;fha m%;sm;a;s w;rg m%Odkuh jYfhka wd¾Óluh mej; ±kg úkdY ù we;s YsIagdpdrhkaf.a o fï úIu;dj wvqlr .ekSfuka iïm;a fnod .ekSfï ;;a;ajh we;sùu fya;=fjka úkdY ù we;ehs Tjqka úIu;dj wvqlr .ekSu;a\" ck.yk md,kh iy úYajdi lrk nj;a h' j¾;udkfha mj;sk m%;spl%SlrKh l< yels iïm;a Ndú;fhka YsIagdpdrfha o fï ;;a;ajh we;s ù úkdY jk nj f,dalfha iuia; iïm;a l<ukdlrKh lsÍu;a Tjqka fmkajd § we;' nj ±laúh yels h' frdau wêrdcH yd Bg iudk wfkl=;a fuu m¾fhaIK m%;sM, wkqu; fkdlrk wêrdcHka jk fu!¾h\" .=ma;\" fuifmdfÜñhdkq iy ms<sfkd.kakd we;eï úoaj;=ka mjikafka hk wêrdcHhka o fuu m%Yak mek ke.Su ;dCIKsl ÈhqKqj;a iu. we;sjkakd jQ iïm;a fya;=fjka úkdYhg m;a jQ njg fudjqka wkqudk mßfNdack ld¾hCIu;dj ksid fmr mej;s lr we;' j¾;udkfha mj;sk fï YsIagdprh ;j úIu;d iudÔhuh úkdYhlg fya;= fkdjk nj oYl lsysmhlska ì| jeáh yels njg úoaj;=ka u; m< lr we;'oelau fndfyda úg j¾;udkfha olakg we;s 18 YsIagdpr ì| jeàug m%Odk fya;= idOl 5 la Tjqka fmkajd § we;'

hs' tkï ;dCIKsl ÈhqKqj u.ska úkdYfhka wm jeä fjñka mej;Su o olakg ,efí' oeluafírd .kak nj hs' kuq;a ;j;a úoaj;=ka fldgil 19u;h jkafka ;dCIKh w;ska ÈhqKq ùfï § fuf;la f,dal wd¾Ólh mej;sfhald¾hCIu;dj jeä ùu;a iuÕ u\" iïm;a Ndú;d iïm;a nyq, rgj,ska wuqøjH f.kajd tAjd ksñlsÍu jeä ùu ;=<ska iïm;a úIu;dj ;jÿrg;a NdKav njg m;a lsÍu hs' kuq;a wkd.;fha ÈklW.% jk nj hs' tu rgj,a wmkhkh kj;d ±óu u.ska ksIamdok wd¾Ól l%shdj,sh lvd jeàulg^jeäÿr wOHhkh i|yd my; fjâ wvúhg ,laùfï wjOdkula we;' fï jk úg wefußldjmsúfikak'& m%uqL ngysr rgj,a WTO wdh;khg meñKs,s fldg we;af;a Ökh úiska wmkhkh lrkq ,nk* kùk ;dCIKsl WmlrK ksIamdokhg w;jYH Tungston, Molibdinum jeks ÿ¾,N Lksc øjH http://www.sciencedirect.com/ wmkhkhg iSud mkjd we;s nj hs'fujeks science/article/pii/S09218009 l%shdud¾. bÈßfha § ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh ùu 14000615 je<elaúh fkdyel' KPMG hkq f,dalfha ±kg mj;sk m%Odk tfuka u Tjqkaf.a wjY;djkaf.a jeäuQ,H WmfoaYk fiajd imhk wdh;k 4 ka m%Odk u ùu imsÍug wjYH jk wuqøjH msáka iemhSugwdh;khla jk w;r Tjqka 830 lska iukaú; isÿ jqj;a hï Èkl tu iïm;a iemhqu iïm;af,dalfha m%Odk úoaj;=ka iukaú; lñgqfjys j,g ysñldÍ;ajh ysñ rgj,a j,ska Tjqkaf.aksÍCIK weiqfrka fmkajd fok mßÈ bÈß wjqreÿ wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu Wfoid u wuqøjH ixÑ;20 l ld,hla ;=< f,dalfha w¾nqoldÍ wxY j,g ,nd§u m%;slafIam lsÍï yuqfõ ksIamdokh uQ,slwod< lreKq 10 la Wmfhda.S lrf.k f;dr;=re lr.;a wd¾Ól ysñ rgj,a wia:djr ù lvdbÈßm;a fldg we;' jeàfï wjOdkulg ,la úh yel' thg wod< lreKq my; wdldrhg ;j o 2030 jk úg ñksia mßfNdackhgúiard;aul j olajd we;' .; yels c,h (Fresh water) b,a¨u ;sfnk m%udKhg jvd 40] lska muK jeä nj fmkajd 1' Climate Change Èh yel' foaY.=K fjkia ùu fuu jd¾;dj fmkajd fok mßÈ 2009 2' Energy & fuel mej;s .ïno ck.ykhg jvd kd.ßl Yla;s m%Njhka yd bkaOk ck.ykh fï jk úg jeä ù we;' j¾;udkfha jk úg wdishd wm%sld rgj, jeäu ck.ykhla 3' Material resource scarcity fmkakqï lsÍula olakg ,efnkakls' fï wuq øjH iy iïm;a CIh ùu fya;=fldg f.k fuu jeäjk kd.ßl ck.ykhg wjYH myiqlï imhd §u wêl 4' Water scarcity m%Yakhla jk njg olakg ,efnkjd' c,h ysÕ ùu ck.yk j¾Okh o 2032 muK jk úg 5' Population growth fldaá 84 ^ì,shk 8'4& l muK iS.% jeä ùulg o\" ck.yk j¾Okh ,la fõ' tkï fï jk úg mj;sk ck.ykh yd .;al, 23] muK jeä ùuls' 6' Wealth uOHu mdka;sl ck.K;ajh jeä ùu ;j o uOHu mdka;slhkaf.a Okh 172] ^ueÈ wdodhï ,nk msßi jeä ùu& muK jeä ùula fï ld,fha isÿ ùu olakg ,efnkq we;' 7' Urbanization kd.ÍlrKh ,nk wjqreÿ 20 we;=<; ld,h ;=< úúO jQ iudÔh ld,.=Ksl foaY.=K idOl mokï ùu 8' Food security ksid wdydr ksIamdokhg o úYd, .eg¿jla jk wdydr iqrCIs;;djh nj olakg ,efí' wdydr j, ñ, 70]-90] .Kklska jeä ùu olakg yels h' 9' Ecosystem decline ffcj moaO;sh mßydkshg m;aùu iajNdúl jdhq wvq ù CIh ù hdula o mj;sk iïm;a wêl ñ,la hgf;a mj;sk nj;a o 10' Deforestation jkdka;r t<s fmfy<s lsÍu' foaY.=K fjkia ùu ms<sn| lreKqbÈßm;a lsÍfï § foaY.=Ksl idOl wjqreoaolg5] l m%udKhlska wvq ùula olakg ,efí' tfuka u Yla;s m%Njhka iy bkaOk wvq

oelau ±lSug yels h' tfuka u fjk;a wdl%uKsl Ydl 5 m%ldYkfha m< lrk wdldrhg fï wdldrfhka 20 me;sÍu fya;=fjka lDIs l¾udka;hg\" êjr f,dalh bÈßhg fjkilska f;drj .uka l¾udka;hg fuka u ixpdrl l¾udka;hg o l<fyd;a 2050 jk úg f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh n,mEï we;s lrkq ,nhs' fi,aishia wxYl 2-3 w;r .Kklska jeä jk nj;a\" fï fya;=fjka wêl j¾Idm;khla yd tfuka u ol=Kq wdishdj\" wm%sldj jeks l=Kdgq j, jeä ùula we;sjk nj;a\" uqyqÿ uÜgu rgj, jk .ykh o 13] l m%udKhlska muK wä 1-2;a w;r .Kklska jeä jk nj o\" wvqjk nj fuu o;a; fmkakqï lrkq ,nhs' by; jdhqf.da,fha we;s ldnkavfhdlaihsâ m%udKh ldrKd ish,a, ms<sn|j lreKq f.dkq lsÍfï § fo.=Khlg wdikakj jeä jk nj o by< bÈß ld, jljdkqj fndfydauhla m%Yak j,g ksrjoH;djhlska hq;= j mjihs' kuq;a by; uqyqK §ug isÿjk ld,hla nj olakg ,efí' .egÆka ms<sn| fuu jd¾;dj i|yka w.hka j,g jvd jeä w.hla .kq we;s nj jeä úoaj;=ka f,dalfha ÈhqKq rgj,a j,g wh;a wdKavq msßilf.a ms<s.ekSuhs' tfuka u f,dalfha uQ,H\" T!IO\" rCIK\" fmdfydr yd lDIs ridhk\" bkaOk hk wxY fufyhjkakka ;j o jdhqf.da,fha ldnkavfhdlaihsâ fuu w¾nqoldÍ ;;a;ajhkag ms<s;=re fiùug m%udKh jeä ùfuka uqyqfoa Èhjk bÈßm;a jkafka kï bÈß wkd.; meje;au hym;a ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jeä ùfuka uqyqÿ wdï,sl;dj wdldrhg mj;ajd .ekSug yelshdj mj;S' tfia jeä jk nj o\" mjihs' fuu wdï,sl;dj ksid fkdjkafka kï fï wdldrhg bÈßhg;a mj;skafka uqyqfoa mj;sk uqyqÿ Ôùkaf.a m%Odk u wdydrh kï jvd;a ±ä w¾nqoldÍ ;;a;ajhlg m;aùfï jk Plankton wd§ Ôùka úkdY ùfuka uqyqÿ wdY%s; wjOdkula mj;sk nj fuu jd¾;dfjka fmkajd § ffcj f.da,h wia:djr ù c,c Ôùka ke;s ù hk we;' nj mjihs' ;j o wdï,sl;dj jeä ùfuka fldr,a mr iy ysß.,a úkdY ù fjr< Ldokh iS.%j ^jeäÿr wOHhkh i|yd my; fjâ wvúhg isÿjk nj o mjihs' msúfikak'& ^jeäÿr wOHhkh i|yd my; fjâ wvúhg * msúfikak'& https://home.kpmg.com/conte nt/dam/kpmg/pdf/2012/08/buil * https://www.lloyds.com/~/me ding-business-value-part- dia/files/news%20and%20ins 1.pdf ight/risk%20insight/2015/foo d%20system%20shock/food f,dalfha m%Odk; u rCIK wdh;khla %20system%20shock_june jk Lloyd's wdh;kh úiska bÈß jir 30 l ld,h %202015.pdf i|yd lrk ,o ióCIK jd¾;djkag wkqj 2050 jk úg ì,shk 09 la jk ck.ykhg wdydr 2009 tlai;a cd;Skaf.a foaY.=Ksl iemhSu i|yd f.da,Sh lDIs ld¾ñl ksIamdokh úm¾hdihka ms<sn| f,dalfha ish¨u fo.=K úh hq;= njg ±kg wkdjels m< lrk kdhlhskaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka fldamkafya.ka ys w;r foaY.=K úm¾hdi\" c, ysÕh\" § mej;s cop15 iuq¿fjka by; .eg¿ j,g f.da,ShlrKh iy foaYmd,kuh wia:djr;ajh lsisÿ úiÿulg\" tlÕ;djhlg meñKSug fya;= fldg f.k wdydr ksIamdokhg CIKsl ndOd fkdyels jQ w;r 2015 foieïn¾ ys § meßiSfha § we;s úh yels nj o mjihs' meje;aùug kshñ; cop21 iuq¿fõ § fyda by; .eg¿ i|yd ksYaÑ; úi÷ï iys; 2050 jk úg f,dalfhka 2$3 lg c, tlÕ;djhlg meñKSug fkdyels jqjfyd;a wm W!k;djhlg uqyqK §ug isÿjk w;r foaY.=K ieug u by; i|yka lrk ,o fÄokSh úm¾hdi\" ridhksl fmdfydr ysÕh iy frda. ;;a;ajhg uqyqK §ug isÿ jkq we;' ldrl îc jHdma;sh fya;=fldg f.k f.da,Sh jYfhka ;sßÕ= j.dj 7] lska o\" bßÕ= j.dj 10] oelau lska o\" fidahd fndaxÑ j.dj 11] lska o\" iy,a j.dj 7] lska o\" CIKslj ksIamdok miqnEulg ,la jkq * QR fla; lshúh yels uDÿldx.hla (software) we;' fujka isoaOdka; ksid f.da,Sh wdydr ñ, Tnf.a cx.u ÿrl:khg install lr .ekSfuka jeä ùu wfmaCId lrk w;r iy,a ñ, 500] lska myiqfjka wod< fjí wvúhg msúish yel' jeä jk nj wkdjelsh m< lrhs' ;j o úoaj;=ka /ilf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka ixialrKh lrk ,o UN-IPCC Assessment Report