Dakma Magazine November 2015

oelua2015 fkdjeïn¾ y;rjk l,dmhÔú;h .,d rdcd,shl= ixjyk jd;fhys mdù hkakdla hdufuka wmso ksre;aidyfhka yd ukyrj wfma Ôú;m%jdyh f.k hdug W.; hq;=uh'th iudchg /f.k hdú' fï .uka u. Tiafia f.dia ;uhsfyda fouõmshkag wjYH mßÈ fkdj wfma Ôú;h ;udf.a wruqK lrd fufyh jQwNHka;rh ;=<ska wms olsk mßÈ wfma wruqKg ukqIH;ajfhka hq;= uyd mqreIhska ìyslf,a\" fk,aikaiu.dó jk mßÈ lghq;= lrñkah' wm iycfhka uekav,d isr.;j jir .Kkdjla isáh§ ;udg,nd we;s úúO l=i,;d fndfydah' Ôú;fha i;=g n,h ,nd ;udg fï brKu w;alr whg o`vqjï §ugyd ;Dma;sh ,nd .; yels jkafka tAjd Ndú;fhka wrweoafoa o ke;' l=uka;%Kh lf¾o ke;' lK.dgqyd ÈhqKq lr.ekSfuka muKs' wfma Ôú;h ms<sn| jQfhao ke;\" Tyq tA fjkqjg isÿlf,a ish,a,kagis;=jula úoHdudk lr.; hq;=h' jrla Tn tu úuqla;sh ,nd §ug lemùfï fyd| is;=ju ms<sn|jeo.;a uyÕ= is;=ju Tfí we;=,dka;fhka my< .eUqre úYajdihlska idOdrK;ajh ms<sn| i;Hlr.;a miq th iúia;rj wh;a lr.kakd whqr úYajdihlska hq;= ls%hd lsÍuhs'.ek jofkdù th úNj {dkhg Ndr fokak'wdl¾IKh ms<sn| kS;shg wkqj iaÒrju wod< Tyq Ôú;fhka wruqK jYfhka ;nd.;a ;uwjia:dfõ§ iqÿiq mqoa.,hka yd iqÿiq ;;ajhka ck;dj lDDr md,kfhka uqojdf.k úuqla;shish,a, fm<.eiS úYañ; mßÈ Tfí b,lalh Tng ,nd§fï isyskh b;d mqÿu iy.; f,i úYajfhkaiM, lr fohs' Tfí .uk flfia úh hq;= oehs ,o wdYs¾jdohlska bgq úh' Tyq tA n,h ,o jydumsUqrem;a fkdidokak' Tfí úYajdih Tnj m,s.ekSu fjkqjg i;Hjd§lu\" idOdrK nj ydwjidk b,lalh f;la f.k hhs' Ôú;fha ye, ukqIH;ajh fjkqfjka fhoùh'yemamSï ljrdldrfhka ;snqK o Tfí b,lalhms<sn| is;=ju isf;ys we;s ;dlal,a th Tfí w;S;fha úiQ wm uyd fjoÿrka o ffjoHwdOHd;auh yd iu.dój isáñka Tn tys /f.k jD;a;sh m%.=K lf,a th jD;a;sh muKla f,i fkdjhhs' ;u Ôú;fha tAldhk wruqK fldgf.kh' ;uka i;=j ;snQ wju myiqlï ;=<ska Tõyq úfYaIfhkau hd hq;= u. ms<sn| is;Su wmyiq .%dóh mßirhka ;=< mqÿudldr fufyjrla bgqfkdfõ'wm Ôú;h mqrdu lrkafka thhs' th jkdys l<y' oekg wm i;= kùk mÍCIK fyda frda..eUqßka .eUqrg b,lal .; ùuhs' uu uqo,a y÷kd.ekSfï myiqlï Tjqka w; fkd;snqK;ayßyïn l< hq;=hs\" fyd| /lshdjla l< hq;=hs\" Tjqkaf.a fufyjr úYsIaG úh' Tjqka iycfhka ,oiudcfha ms<s.ekSula ,nd.; hq;=hs hkd§ yelshdjka ,eÈhdfjka j¾Okh lr ixlS¾KjYfhka tAjdfha fl<jrla fkdue;s ,ehsia;=jls' mÍCIK j,ska f;drj ;ukaf.a ksÍCIKhka ;yjqretA fjkqjg Tn .eUqßka jgyd.;fyd;a Tng i;H lsÍug muKla mÍCIK fhdod.ksñka frda. ks¾KhjYfhka lsÍug wjYH l=ula o hk is;=ju Tfí l<y' Tjqyq fidndoyu iuÕ iqix.; ù iqj lsÍuisf;a fyd¢ka r|jdf.k Tfí wOHd;auhg\" fidndoyug Ndr l<y'úYajhg Tfí wjYH;djh mjikak' fjkila fydaudre lsÍula ke;sj Tfí oeä úYajdih Tnj tys

oekg wm w;r bkakd iuyrla fjoÿrka .%dóh iudcfhka fjka jQ ;kslu;a\"fï W;=ï jD;a;ska ñksiqka iqj lsÍfï l,dj;a uqo,a kEoEhska iuÕ we;s oeä jQ jgmsgdj ke;slu;aWmhk hka;% njg m;a lrf.k we;' frda.Ska jvd;a id¾:l iqjnr Èúhla fidhd úfoaY .; jQiQrdlEu ;u wruqK lr.;a mqoa.,sl frday,a yd kej; fkdmeñKs orejkq;a ksid idxldfjka msreKqT!IO iud.ï wkjYH ffjoH mÍCIK\" ms<sfj;a jfhdajDo Ôú;hlg fya;= fõ' iuyre úfoia .;yd Y,Hl¾u ms<sn|j l;d lrñka frda.Ska ìh jkqfha furg ñksiqkag b;du;a wjYH fiajdjla.kaj;s' fï ìh .ekaùu u; ;uka isákqfha wysñ lrñka muKla fkdj Tjqkag ,enqKq WoõoTjqkaf.a ldreKsl yia;h hehs is;k frda.shd wu;l lr,ñks' fuh ffjoH jD;a;sfha oekg we;s;ud i;= w.kd NdKav yd foam< muKla fkdj fYdald,dmhhs' tA w;ru oeka oeka .=re yd kS;s{;u Ôú;h mjd mrÿjg ;nhs' tfia lrkafka ;u jD;a;skag o tA brKu u w;afjñka mj;S'jD;a;sfhys ;enQ W;=ï Èõreuo mfil,d ls%hdlrk msßilf.a jerÈ wruqKq bgqlr.kq msKsihs' .%dóh ;reKfhl= yg fujka W;=ï jD;a;shl kshe,Sug jdikdjla ,enqko th wx. Ôú;h ms<sn| mgq oelaula iys; Tjqka iïmQ¾K isyskhla olajd /f.k hdug yels jkafkai;H jYfhkau i;=áka fyda Tjqkaf.a Ôú;h ienE l,d;=rlsks' tfia jkqfha ;u Ôú;fha ienE wruqKwruqKla iys;j fufyhjkafka ke;' tA fjkqjg f.dv k.d .ekSu ms<sn|j Tjqka ;=< mj;skuq¿ Ôú; ld,h mqrdjgu ;ukaf.a iyDohka wkjfndaOhhs' wmf.a hq;=lu úh hq;af;a tuiuÕ iudcfha ch.%yKh hhs lshkakd jQ jdyk\" ;reKhka yg mj;sk h:d¾;h jgyd§ Tjqka i;=úYd, ksjdi yd foam,\" Okh fukau ;u ¥ mq;=kag yelshdjka yd ksmqK;djka ukqIHdf.a hym;úfoaY wOHdmkh ,nd §u jeks fkdksñ ;rÕhl fjkqfjka lemfldg Ôú;h wjidk ld,hfh§ isà' wfma merKs fjoÿrka i;= m%Ndj o i;H ieye,a¨fjka yd ;Dma;su;aj Wodr;r f,i .;lsÍujYfhka lem jQ Ôú;hlg ysñ ;Dma;sho Tjqkg Ôú;fha tAldhk wruqK nj wjfndaO lr§uhs'wysñ úh' tfia jQfha Tjqka úYajdih ;enQ mgqwruqKq miqld,Skj Ôú;h ÿflka yd idxldfjkamsÍhdug fya;= ùuhs'oelau 02

fhda.d YOGAfhda. ms<sn| b;sydih úuiSfï§ fhda. yd wmyiq;djhka fuuÕska iukh lr.; yelsh' tAiïnkaO f;dr;=re yd b.ekaùï l%u w;sYhskau wkqj udkisl jYfhkao kskao fkdhdu\" l,u;h\"ryiHNdjfhka hqla; ùu;a\" tA yd iïnkaO Y=oaO fm!¾I ÿ¾j,;dj\" úYdoh\" ìh\" idxldj fukaujQ .%ka: uqL mrïmrdfjka mej;f.k tAu;a ksid ldhsl jYfhka Èhjeähdj\" u,noaOh\" iakdhqfï ms<sn| meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla wmg ,nd.; frda.\" Ô¾K wmyiq;d\" .Eiaá%la jeks fndfydafkdyel' kuq;a w;S;fha isá fhda.Sjreka\" ;dmi frda. j,g fuuÕska mQ¾K iqjhla w;a úÈh yel'jreka fukau wfkl=;a Ydia;Djreka fï ms<sn| fuu wNHdi lrk wdldrh fuu lD;sh ;=,skaoek isá njg;a\" tAjd ;=,ska udkisl fukau YdÍßl id¾:l f,i fmkajdÈh fkdyels w;r fuys rEmjYfhka mQ¾K ÈhqKqjla w;aúÈnjg;a oekg igykla ;=,ska tys úúO bßhõ olajd we;' fuufidhdf.k we;' bkaÈhdj jeks rgj, fhda. yd iQ¾h jkaokdj ksr; jk wdldrh jeä ÿr wOHkhiïnkaO b.ekaùï l%u wo jk úg nyq,j olakg i|yd my; i|yka fjí wvúh ;=,ska wOHkhwe;' l, yel' fuuÕska meyeÈ,s jkafka w;S;fha isá https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQn-ñksid ;u ldhsl udkisl ÈhqKqj Wfoid fuu QHLqNvIfhda. wNHdi l%u Ndú; lr we;s njhs' fuufhda.d j, b;sydih wjqreÿ 5000 olajd wE; Ñf.dx (chi gong)w;S;hg Èjhk w;r iuyr m¾fhaIKlrejka fhda. yd iudkj wfkl=;a wNHdi l%umjik mßÈ fuh wjqreÿ 10000 l w;S;hlgWreulï lshk nj fmkajd fohs' fhda. j, w;r ldhsl yd udkisl ÈhqKqj i|yd Ndú;dwdrïNh wjqreÿ 5000 muK bmerKs W;=re lrk b;d m%p,s; wNHdi l%uhla f,i Ñf.dx (chibkaÈhdfõ bkaÿ iriaj;S kue;s YsIagdpdrh mej;s gong) y÷kajd Èh yel' fuu wNHdi l%uh uki \"ld, jljdkqfõ § wdrïN jQ njg f;dr;=re yqiau yd bßhõ wruqKq fldg ;u Ôú;fhafidhd.; yel' ;jo tu hq.fha iD.afõofhao meje;aug wjYH kSfrda.Slu yd wdhqI j¾Okhfhda. hk jpkh o i|ykaj we;s w;r i|yd Ök foaYSh ffjoH l%ufha tla;rd fldgilamiqld,Skj n%dyauK RIsjre úiska fuh jeäÈhqKq jYfhka wkdÈu;a ld,fha isg mej;f.k ths'lr we;' fhda. ms<sn| lreKq fukau wNHdi l%u fuu wNHdi uÕska ukqIH YÍrh ;=< .eíjWmksIoa .%ka:j, m<uq jrg .%ka:drEV l, w;r ;sfnkakdjQ Yla;sh u;=lr wm YÍrh ;=< isÿjktjeks .%ka: 200 la muK fidhdf.k we;' uQ,sl ls%hdjka jk yqiau .ekSu\" reêr ixirKh \" wdydr ÔrKh\" nysY%jh jeks ls%hdj,ska l%uj;aj fhda. wNHdi j, Ndjkd j,g wu;rj mj;ajdf.k hdug WmldÍ fõ'nyq,ju we;af;a YdÍßl jHdhdï l%uhs' tys§wmf.a YÍrh muKla fkdj is;o tA i|yd wruqKq oelua 03fldg .kS' tkï wmf.a uki;a YÍrh;a tlgiïnkaO lsÍula fhda. ;=,ska isÿ lrhs' fhda. ydiïnkaO úfYaI wNHdi l%uhka jkafka iQ¾hjkaokdjhs' fuu wNHdij, ksr; jk úg tysi|yka Yaf,dal .dhkd lsÍu b;d jeo.;a fõ'úúO ldhsl udkisl wmyiq;d ;sfnk mqoa.,hkagfuu iQ¾h jkaokdj ;=,ska ,efnk m%;sM,hwm%udK fõ' fuys bßhõ 12 we;s w;r wdrïNfha§ b;d fifuka tl bßhõjlska wfklgudrefjñka isÿ l, hq;= fõ' ukd mqyqKqjlska miqtu ld,h l%ufhka fõ.j;a lr .; yelsh' fuuiQ¾h jkaokdj jdr 6\" 12\" 21 fukau 108 la olajdj¾Okh lr .ekSfuka Tng hym;a m%;sM,,nd.; yels w;r úúO frda. yd

tlsfklg fjkia jQ Ñf.dx wNHdi l%u i|yka l< mßÈ fuu wNHdi l%u j,g Bgfndfyduhla mj;sk w;r tAjd i|yd Bg wdfõksl jQ wruqKla mj;S' fï ms<sn| jeäÿrwdfõksl l%ufõohka yd wruqKq mj;S' WodyrK wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu i|yd fndfyda fmd;a m;af,i Daoyin keu;s wNHdi l%uh uÕska rdYshla ,shù we;s w;r wka;¾cd,h Tiafiao fïisÿlrkqfha wmf.a yqiau .ekSu yd bßhõ ms<sn| fndfyda ldrKd fidhd.; yel'iudfhdackh lrñka ldhsl iqjh;a\" YÍrh ;=< Tng fï ms<sn| wOHhkh l< yels uQ,dY%\".eíj ;sfnk Yla;sh u;= lr .ekSu wruqKqlr.;a ls%hdj,shls' wdOqkslfhl= f,i Tng;a 01. Practical Chinese qigong formqyqKq úh yels ir, Ñf.dx (chi gomg) wNHdi Home health carel%uhla my; i|yka fjí wvúh ;=,ska kerôh Jin ceyel' Hu zhangguihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HMLtN7BOl Jin zhenghuaY 02. Qigong for Treating common fujeks wdldrfha Ñf.dx wNHdi ysi Ailments XU, Xiangcaiuqÿfka isg weia\" lk\" kdih\" fn,a,\" Wrysia\" Worhbk wd§ ia:dk uQ,sl lrf.k isÿlrhs' by; 03. Dahnhakkigong Ilchi leeoelau 04

mßl,amkh Visualization oDIAÀ l,amkhManifestation ujd .ekSu mqoa.,hka yg Ôú;fha <Õldr .ekSug wm hk .uk fjkia lsÍu fkdl< hq;= hs' ukaoh;an,dfmdfrd;a;= jk iudc ;;a;ajhka mqoa., flfiA fyda úúO me;slv Tiafia f.dia wjidkfhain|;d yd fN!;sl iïm;a bgq lr .ekSu i|yd Tnf.a wruqKg <Õdjkq ksidfjks' WodyrK f,iNdú;d l< yels l%ufõohla f,i mßl,amkh by< mka;sfha ffjoHjrfhl= isyskh lr.;a Tnf.aManifestation y÷kajd Èh yel' Ôú;h ;=< yuqjk wjia:d Tnf.a isyskhg fkd.e,fma kï tu Ôú; .uk ;=< Tng bxðfkare WodyrK f,i ;u Ôú; .ufka bÈßfha § wxYfha /lshdjla lsÍug wjia:djla yuq jqjo thTn ffjoHjrfhl= ùug wfmaCId lrkafka kï\" ta Tnf.a .ukg .e,fmk ud¾.hla fkdjk ksid tupß;h Tn ienEjgu wdorh lrkakla úh hq;= hs' ud¾.h fjkia lsÍu isÿ fkdl< hq;= h' tfia fjkiatu ;;a;ajhg m;a jQ miqj ienEjgu Tn yg lsÍfuka isÿjkafka Tng úYajh úiska fidhd fokyoj;skau i;=gq ùug yelskï muKla Tnf.a ud¾.h ;=< wjysr;d f.dvk.d .ekSu hs' tfuka uÔú;fha Tng ysñ pß;h jkafka thhs' tA wkqj Tn l=uk wdldrfha jD;a;shl kshe¨k;a ,efnkwkd.;fha § ffjoHjrfhla ùug leu;s o hkak wjia:djkag uqyqK foñka Tnf.a wjidk b,lalhTfí isf;ka Tnu úuid n,k úg tu jD;a;Sh yd isyskhla f,i wruqKla f,i isf;ys ;ndf.kne÷kq Ôjk rgdj yd tys l%shdldrlï iei£u Tnf.au ffojh úiska Tng fidhd fok ud¾.fha msh;=<ska is;g t;rï i;=gla fkdfokafka kï th ke.Sfuka Tnf.a §¾> ld,Sk isyskfha id¾:l;ajhTnf.a Ôjk jD;a;Sh fkdùug fndfyda úg bvlv lrd hd yel' fuys § isÿ l< hq;= jkafka Tn hkwe;' tneúka Tnf.a ienEu pß;h yd ne÷Kq ud¾.h ;=< bÈßhg hdu ñi tu ud¾.h ms<sn|jD;a;Sh l=ulao hkak f;dard .ekSu ;=<ska bÈß j.;=. fiùu fkdj'Ôú;h id¾:l f,i .; lsÍug Tng yelshdj,efnkq we;' fn!oaO foaYkd j,g wkqj tl, isÿy;a l=ure ;u tAldhk wruqK fldg.;a i;HdjfndaOh fuu l%shdldrlu isÿ lsÍfï § wm úiska lrd hk .uk ;=< úúOdldr jQ me;slvhka Tiafial< hq;af;a m<uqj wmg wjYH lrk by;ska ;u .uk È. yefrkakg úh' úfgl YÍrhg ÿla §ui|yka l< wdldrfha ;;a;ajhka yd <Õdlr ;=<ska i;H fidhkakg úh' tA wkqj wd,drld,du yd.ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqKq ksYaÑ;h Woaolrdumq;a; hk .=rejreka hgf;a yd úúOjYfhka m%ldY l< hq;= fjkjd' WodyrK f,i lKavdhï iu. tl;= ù YÍrhg ±ä ÿlaf.k fokTn by< ;,fha ffjoHjrfhl= ùug wfmaCId wdldrfha l%shdldrlï we;=¿ j úúO ms<sfj;a ;=<skalrkafka kï Tn l< hq;af;a tA i|yd hd yels i;H fidhkakg úh' ld,h;a iu. Tjqka m;kud¾. fiùu fkdj Tn m;k isyskh ;=< i;=áka úuqla;sh ;ud fidhkakd jQ i;H fkdjk njÔj;a ùu hs' fuys m%;sM,h id¾:l jk njg wm jgyd.;a isÿy;a l=ure fuh ;ksju fidhd.; hq;=;=< we;s ±ä wdYdjla ;sìh hq;= w;r iaÓr lreKla nj wjfndaO fldg tA ish,a, mfil oudjYfhka u tu n,dfmdfrd;a;= bgqjk njg wm ±ä wêIaGdkfhka hq;=j fkarxckd .x bjqfrys\";=< úYajdih f.dvk.d .; hq;= hs' tfukau tA wei;= reCIh uq, wiqka .kafka\" uf.a YÍrh is£ .shms<sn| ±ä i;=gla ;u is; ;=< ;sìh hq;= w;r tu o i;HdjfndaOh ,ndf.k ñi fkdke.sáñ hki;=g ojiska oji fudfyd;ska fudfyd; wruqKska h' tys § o l=ig lsisu wyrla fkdf.kfo.=Kf;.=K lr .ekSfuka tu ika;=Iaáh úiska YÍrhg ±äu f,i ÿl Wreu lr foñka ;u Worhgu wm Ôú;h ;=< b,lal lr.;a tu lreKq msg fldkaog wef,k f;lau ;u tlu wruqK jQldrKd fj; <Õd ùug wjYH idOl úYajh úiska ienE i;H wjfndaO jk ;=re\" i;H .fõIKfhau ilid fokq we;' fuys § wm hk .uk ;=< wmg ksr; úh' tys § o ;ud ñh.shfyd;a fidhkyuqjk úúO wjia:d wmf.a wruqKg wruqKg <Õd ùug fkdyels nj jgyd.;a Tyqfkd.e,fmk ksidfjka th m%;slafIam lsÍu fyda ue÷ï ms<sfj; wkq.ukh ;=<ska i;HdjfndaOh oelua 05

i|yd wjYH miqìu ks¾udKh lr .ekSu ;=<ska fudk;rï mqÿu iy.; tlla úh yels o@ i;H kï nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ fial' tA wkqj nqÿrÿkaf.a Tng by;ska ±la jQ ish,a, l< yels w;r tA i|yd Ôú;h foi wdmiq yeÍ n,oa§ ;u wruqK wjYH Yla;sh Tn ;=,u we;' fudfyd;lg Tn jgd fjkqfjka Ôú;h úúO me;slvhka Tiafia /f.k tl;= ù ;sfnk oE .ek wjOdkh fhduq lr ne,Sfuka hñka úúO w;a±lSï ,nd foñka i;HdjfndaOh Bg wjYH idCIs Tngu fidhd .; yel' WodyrK i|yd wjYH lrk jvd;au iqÿiq ud¾.h úYajh f,i Tnf.a cx.u ÿrl:kh\" iylre fyda úiska u ;kd § we;s nj jgyd .; yels h' iyldßh f;dard.;a wOHdmk lafIa;%h yd tA ;=< ,nd.;a l=i,;d ±laúh yels w;r tu lreKq tA wdldrfhka wmg Ôú;fhka Wreu jqK iïnkaOfhka fï jk úg Tnf.a leue;a;g wkqj pß;hka yd mokï jQ Ôú;fha §¾>ld,Sk wruqKq fndfyda foa isÿ ù we;s nj Tngu jegfykq we;' lrd hdug wjYH jk jvd;a u iqÿiq uxfm; fuu isoaOdka; j, uQ,sl yrh jkafka wmg úYajh úiska ;kd fokq ,nk w;r wm l< hq;af;a fláld,Skj <Õd lr.; yels n,dfmdfrd;a;= yd Bg wkq.; ù Ôj;a ùu muKs' wruqKq j,g wkqj wm m;k f,dalh ks¾udKh lr.ekSug yelshdj we;s njhs' tA wkqj wmf.a wjidk jYfhka i|yka l< hq;= jkafka id¾:l;ajh\" i;=g\" ienEjla lr.ekSfï fï u. tu wmf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= bgqlr §u wkka; jQ fidhd .ekSu wm i;= j.lSuls' fï i|yd f;dard.;a úYajhg Ndr lsÍu muKhs' fuys § jvd;a id¾:l l%ufõoh jkafka Ñ;a; rEm ujd .ekSuhs' m%;sM, ,nd .ekSug my; olajd we;s lreKq bjy,a fõ' oDIAÀ l,amkh $ ujd .ekSu (Visualization) 01' fuu l%shdj isÿ lsÍu i|yd wm úYaj fuys § isÿjkafka wÈka jir ;=kla olajd jQ Yla;sh iu. wkq.; úh hq;= hs' fláld,Skj <Õd lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ;;a;ajhka\" mqoa., in|;d\" j;alï ms<sn| Ñ;a; 02' fuys wm miq.sh l,dmfha y÷kajd ÿka rEm ujd .ekSu hs' fuu l%shdldrlï i|yd jvd;a mßÈ wjfndaO;djfha by< uÜgul isàu iqÿiq ld,h jkafka w¿hu kskafoka wjÈ ù .; lrk u.ska jvd;a id¾:l m%;sM, <Õd lr.; m<uq úkdä myla fyda oyhla muK ld,h hs' ±ka yel' tu l%ufõoh isÿ lrk wdldrh mshjfrka mshjr jgyd .ksuq' 03' wm ;=< we;s ìh ;ry yd wd;;sh jeks ldrKd ;=<ska th fuu l%shdj,shg ndOd 01' w¿hu wjÈ ùfuka miq j;=r ùÿrejla muKla muqKqjk w;r t;=<ska wm m;k isyskhg hd mdkh lr myiq bßhõjl ys¢ñka §¾> yqiaula yels ud¾. jeiS hkq we;' f.k msglr ;u fofk;a mshd .kak' 04' wm Ôj;a jk mßirh o fuhg Rcqju 02' kej;;a tA wdldrfhka u f;jrla yqiau f.k n,mEï t,a, lrhs' WodyrK f,i wm msglrkak' Ôj;ajk mjq,a mßirh ;=< we;s hï hï wiu.s;d yd l,flda,yd, jeks RKd;aul 03' ±ka is; tla;eka jQ miq ujd .ekSu wdrïN mßir ;;a;ajhka ;=<ska o fuu l%shdjka lrkak' jir 3 la muK bÈßhg <Õdúh i|yd ndOd muqKqjhs' hq;= wruqKla .ek ys;kak' fuys § Tn ujd .kakd Ñ;a; rEmhka Tn muKla isák Ôú;h ;=< §¾> ld,Sk b,lal yd wruqKq iskudYd,djl ;sfnk mq¿,a ;srhla u; iskud lrd hk .uk ;=< b;d flá ld,Skj wmg <Õd o¾Ykhla krUk whqßka olskak' lr.; yels wruqKq fndfyda we;' wmf.a há is; wmf.a n,j;a fufylrefjla f,i Ndú;d l< 04' ±ka tu wruqK yd ne÷kq ixfõokd ;u yels nj wm Tng miq.sh l,dm ;=<ska fmkajd § b÷rkaf.ka w;aú¢kak' WodyrK f,i Tng we;' tA wkqj Tn m;k wkd.;h ;=< bÈß jir ;=k we;=,; kj ksjila ;kd .ekSug fláld,Skj we;s n,dfmdfrd;a;= isysk yd n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka kï tu ksji Tn wruqKq Tngu ienEjla lr.; yels nj;a\" Tnf.a ukfika olskak' ksjfiys yevh\" .,ajk ,o há is; ;=< ,sh ù ;sfnk leue;a; wlue;a; yd j¾K fuka u Tn tu ksjfiys isák wdldrh yß je/oao wkqj Tng wjYH ´kEu fohla Tng jeks fndfyda oE Tnf.a isf;ys iÔù ysñlr .; yels nj;a Tn bÈßfha úoHdudk jk wdldrfhka olskak' tkï ;u mxfÉJøshka ´kEu fohla ta wdldrfhka h:d¾:hla lr.; ;=<ska u tu ksjfiys w;a±lSu ú¢kak' yels nj;a Tn fudfyd;lg fyda is;=jd o@ th tA wdldrfhka u isÿ fjkjd kï Tnf.a Ôú;hoelau 06

05' lD;Õ;dj ±laùï iïnkaO jkq we;' fuys § Tn l< hq;af;a ±kg Tn <Õd 06' wruqKq n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy.;j lr.;a foaj,a ms<sn|j yd tA i|yd w;ayßkak $ wu;l lrkak' fuf;la ÿrg Wmldr l< mqoa.,hka yg ;u yoj;ska u l< tA ujd .ekSï wu;l lr idudkH ia;+;sh mqolr isàuhs' tu.ska Okd;aul mßÈ Ôj;a jkak' Ñka;khka wmf.a is; ;=< we;s lr tA ;=<ska wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ;;a;ajhka Èkm;du fuh mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍfuka Tn lrd hdug wjYH is;=ú,s úYajh iu. fkd±kqj;aju Tnf.a wruqKq bgq lr.ekSu i|yd wjYH lreKq ldrKd ielfikq we;' jeäÿr wOHkh i|yd my; fjí wvúhg msúfikak' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waYNEDZxEPY oelua 07

Tapping gemsx Ökh we;=¿ fmrÈ. rgj, w;S;fha isg f,dalhg y÷kajd § we;s w;r fuh m%dfhda.sljmej; tk ldhsl udkisl wmyiq;d jk ;ryj\" w;ayod ne,Sï ;=<ska fuys we;s id¾:l;ajh ;yjqreNh\" ffjrh\" md¿j\" ldkaish\" wd;;sh\" inflda,h fldg T!IO fjkqjg Ndú;d l< yels Ñls;ailwd§ ldrKd iukh lr.ekSu i|yd úúO l%uhla f,i ±kg f,dalh ;=< nyq,j Ndú;d lrhs'Ñls;aik l%u Ndú;d lr we;' bka tla l%uhla fuh wm ;=< we;s NS;Sld bj;a lrk ;j;a ir,f,i YÍrfha f;dard.;a ia:dk lsysmhla u; l%ufõohla f,i ±laúh yel'ßoauhdkql+, ;Ügq lsÍu (Tapping) Ndú;d lrwe;' fï i|yd wm YÍrfha f;dard.;a m%Odk ia:dk 9 la we;' w;S;fha mej;s f.da;%sl iudch ;=< Ôj;ajQ wd§ ñksid jkdka;r ;=< u ;u ckdjdi msysgqjd 01'me;s w,a,.ksñka i;=ka ovhï lsÍu jeks l%shdldrlï ;=<ska;u wdydrh imqrd .kakd ,§' fufia Ôj;a jk 02'weysneuñksiqka yg b;du;a kmqre i;=kaf.ka t,a, jkn,mEï yuqfõ Tjqka tu i;=ka iu. igka 03'wei fl<jrlrkjdo tfia;a fkdue;s kï m,d hkjd o hkak(Flight-or-flee) ;SrKh lsÍfï § igka lsÍug fyda 04'wei hgm,dhdug wjYH Yla;sh YÍrh ;=< ckkhfjkjd fukau tA i|yd wjYH ridhsksl m%;sl%shd 05'kdihg my<skao we;s fõ' b;d l,d;=rlska fujeks isÿùï j,guqyqK fok tu ñksiqka yg YÍrh ;=< fujeks 06'kslg ueoridhksl m%;sl%shdjka we;s ùfuka Tjqka ygisÿjk ydkshla fkdue;' ukaoh;a tu i;=ka iu. 07'Y%Sjdia;sh u;igka lsÍul § fyda m,d hdul § tjeks ridhkslm%;sl%shd YÍrh ;=< cks; jqj o\" tu isÿùfuka miq 08'w; hgYÍrh idudkH uÜgug h,s meñfKhs' kuq;aj¾;udkh ;=< Ôj;a jk ñksid ;rÕldÍ 09'ysi uqÿkiudchla ;=< Ôúldj .; lsÍfï § ksrka;rfhka fuh m%dfhda.slj Ndú;d lrk whqre ''''u fuu Flight-or-flee ^igka lrkjdo tfia;afkdue;s kï m,dhkjdo& hk ;;a;ajh ud by;ska i|yka lrk ,o lsishïksr;=reju YÍrh ;=< l%shd;aul fõ' fuh wmyiq;djhla Tnf.a Ôú;fha hï lsis wjia:djlYÍrhg b;d wys;lr ;;a;ajhla jk w;r u;= jqjfyd;a by; olajd we;s ms<sfj<gby;ska i|yka lrk ,o ;ryj\" Nh\" ffjrh\" ßoauhdkql+,j ;Ügq lsÍu u.ska tu ;;a;ajfhkamd¿j\" ldkaish\" wd;;sh jeks wmyiq;djhka we;s iykhla ,nd.; yel' WodyrKhla f,i ;oùug fya;= úh yel' ysirohla we;s jQ wjia:djl tfia ßoauhdkql+, wkqms<sfj<g ;Ügq lrk w;r;=r udkisl YÍrfha m%Odk ia:dk 09 la f;dardf.k wd;;sfhka iykhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd tappingtu ia:dk j,g weÕs,s ;=vq u.ska ßoauhdkql+,j Ndú;d lrk wdldrh ms<sn|j m%dfhda.slj meyeÈ,s;Ügq lsÍula u.ska YÍrh ;=< hïlsis lrk wdldrh Tng;a w;ayod ne,Sug my; i|ykaW;af;ackhla we;s lrjd tu.ska ks;r fjí wvúhg msúfikak'fjfyiSul § fyda fjk;a l%shdldrlï ;=<ska wm https://www.youtube.com/w;=< we;sjk ud by; i|yka l< tu atch?v=pAclBdj20ZUwmyiq;djhka iukh lr.; yels nj m¾fhaIKu.ska y÷kdf.k th gemsx (Tapping) hkqfjkaoelau 08

Ëh ùuiajdNdúl iïm;a iajdNdúl iïm;a CIh ùu hkq ñksid ùfuks' ñksid úiska wE; w;S;fha isgu u;=msg ydúiska f,dal f.da,fha we;s iajdNdúl iïm;a fkd.eUqre <sx j, mej;s f;,a mßyrKh fldgm%;sckkh jk m%udKhg jvd Ndú;d lsÍu hs' ;snqK o\" Lksc f;,a hq.h wdrïNh jQfha 1860fuu iajdNdúl iïm;a fowdldrhlg fmkajd Èh oYlfha § N+ñf;,a ksmoùfï ir, msßmyÿ l%uhlyel' tkï\" wdrïNh iuÕ h' 1& flá ld,Skj m%;sckkh jk iïm;a 1970 jk úg f,dj Lksc f;,a ksIamdokfha Wmßu uÜgug ^tkï Èklg ner,a ñ,shk 62 la& 2& §¾> ld,Skj m%;sckkh jk iïm;a fõ' <Õd ù ;snq w;r 1980 oYlfha isÿ jQ wd¾Ólh lvd jeàu;a iuÕ ksIamdokh 10-15] w;rlska my; fláld,Skj m%;sckkh jk iïm;a jegqKs' kej; 1990 oYlfha f,dal wd¾Ólh kej;jYfhka f,dalfha we;s c,h fmkajd Èh yels h' m%idrKh ùu iuÕ Lksc f;,a i|yd b,a¨u kej;c,h c, f.da,h ;=< .uka lr ñksia Ndú;hg by< .sfha h' j¾;udkfha § f,dj jd¾;d jQ jeäuiqÿiq mßÈ iajdNdúlj ielfik iy msßisÿ jk Lksc f;,a ksIamdokh jk Èklg ner,a ñ,shk 67 lawdldrh fmkajd Èh yel' §¾>ld,Skj m%;sckkh jd¾;d fjk w;r f,dj Yla;s wjYH;dfjka 30] lajk iïm;a jYfhka Lksc f;,a fmkajd Èh yel' tu.ska imqrd,hs'ñksid ±kg jir 200 la uE; b;sydifhamßfNdackh l, Lksc f;,a iajNdúlj h,s f,dalfha fndfyduhla m%jdyk l%ufõohka\"m%;sckkh ùug jir ñ,shk 600 la muK ksIamdok l%shdj,ska\" bÈlsÍï lghq;= wxY mjdld,hla .; jk nj ±kg ;lafiare lr we;' f.dvke.S we;af;a Lksc f;,a mokï lrf.k h' fuys we;s m%Odk wjdish jkafka kej; mqk¾ckh j¾;udkh jk úg f,dalfha fndfydauhla l, fkdyels ùu hs'iïm;a l%ul%ufhka CIh fjñka úkdY fjñkamj;S' tfuka u wo jk úg úYd, m%Yakhla ù we;af;a m%;sckk fõ.hg jvd jeä fõ.hlska iajdNdúl iïm;a CIh ùu Wfoid mdßfNdack l%shdj,sh isÿ ùu;a mj;sk Lksc f;,aodhljk m%Odk;u idOl f,i iS.% ck.yk m%udKh Ôj;a jk ck.ykfha wjYH;djkagj¾Okh iy w;sßla; mßfNdack rgd fmkajd Èh m%udKj;a fkdùu;a h'yel' fuu idOl iuÕ we;sjk wêl wjYH;d\"wksis ;dCIKsl yd ld¾ñl ÈhqKqj\" jk kdYkh\" j¾;udkh jk úg fndfyduhla ÈhqKqmdxY= Ldokh\" c, W,am;a ySk ùu\" ffcjúúO;aj ld¾ñl rgj,a f;,a mßfNdackh w;ska b;d by<ydksh\" wksis lDIsl¾u úêúOdk iajdNdúl uÜgul isà' Tjqkaf.a ish¨u ksIamdok l%shdj,Skaiïm;a CIh ùug ;j o rel=,a fohs' f;,a iy wfkl=;a Lksc øjH iuÕ ne£ mj;S' tfuka u j¾;udkfha Lksc f;,a Ndú;d lrk r: f,dalfha fï jk úg ck.ykh ì,shk jdyk j, jHdma;sh jeä ù ;sfí' 1970 § jdKscuh7'2 olajd by< f.dia we;' kuq;a fï jk úg Yla;s iemhqfuka 40] la jeks wêl m%udkhla Lkscñys;,h u; we;s iïm;a m%udKh iEfykafka f;,a jqj o\" j¾;udkfha th 30] olajd my< neiì,shk 2 l muK ck fldgilg muKla njg we;' tu m%udKh o úúO wdldrfha yd iajrEmfhaúoaj;=ka lrk ,o m¾fhaIK u.ska fidhdf.k iajNdúl jdhqka fj<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍu;a iu.we;' jeo.;alñka wvqjkq we;' c,h ysÕ ùu\" Lksc iïm;a CIh ùu\" oelua 09f,day j¾. laIh ù hdu uQ,sl ;ekla .kS' Lkscf;,a jkdys øj yhsâfrdaldnka ñY%Khls' thks¾udKh ù we;af;a wjidÈ; mdIdKhka ys we;swhsJøsh øjH ;dmh yd mSvkh fya;=fjka Èrdm;a

flfia kuq;A wo jk úg bkaOk laIh frda. j,g f.dÿre ùu o ±lsh yels h' tfuka u fjñka mj;S' ñksidf.a wêmßfNdackh;a .,a wÕ=re bj;a lsÍfuka we;sjk úYd, j,j,a wrmsßueiaulska f;drj mßfNdackh;a\" fya;=fjka mßirh o úkdY fõ' tlai;a ckmoh md,khlska f;drj f;,a ksê j,ska f;,a .ekSu;a muKla jirlg .,a wÕ=re fgdka ñ,shk 900 la fya;=fldgf.k bÈß ld,h b;du;a .eg¨ldÍ oykh lrhs' fuhska 85] lu úÿ,sn, W;amdokh ;;a;ajhlg uqyqK §ug isÿjkq we;' fï ksid i|yd fhdod .kS' tu.ska fidaähï vfhdlaihsâ úl,am n,Yla;s m%Njhka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq (SO2) fuÜßla fgdka ñ,shk 18 la o\" khsÜ%cka lsÍug ld,h t<U we;s nj fmkajd Èh hq;= h' tfuka u f,dalfha m%Odk f;,a ksmojkakka w;r Tlaihsâ (NO) fuÜßla fgdka ñ,shk 5 la o\" jdhq fi!È wrdìh iy weußldj m%Odk ;ekla .kS' wxY= fuÜßla fgdka ñ,shk 4 la o\" yhsâfrdaldnka tA ms<sn|j jeä úia;r i|yd my; fjí wvúhg iy ldnka fudfkdlaihsâ fuÜßla fgdka á%,shk 1 la msúfikak' o\" jdhqf.da,hg uqod yÍ' i,a*¾ iy khsÜ%cka Tlaihsâ jd;fha c,h iuÕ tl;= ùfuka i,a*shqßla http://www.eia.gov/beta/ yd khsá%la wï,h ksmojk fyhska wï, jeis j,g international/ n,mdk ¥Il uQ,dY% jkqfha .,a wÕ=re oykh hs' tlai;a ckmofha muKla fï jk úg jdhq ¥IKh ñksid yg ±kg b;d W.% .eg¿jla f,i ksid isÿjk ydksh weußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 5 ;a 10 mj;sk bkaOk .eg¿j bÈßhg ;j;a W;aikak ;a w;r fõ' ±kg we;s jd¾;d wkqj .,a wÕ=re jk njg idOl u;= ù we;' fmr i|yka mßÈ ksIamdokh\" oykh wdY%s; jd¾Isl ukqIH urK Lksc f;,a m%;sW;amdokhg bv §ug ñksidg jir ixLHdj 5000 blaujhs' ñ,shk 600 la ;rï ld,hla n,d isàug l,a ke;' tkuq;a ±kg mj;akd Lksc f;,a mßyrK rgd fï wdldrhg ne¨ l, fuu iïm;a l%u wkqj fmkajk mßÈ ñksia ixy;shg ;j ÿrg;a fï l%ufhka ySk ù hkjd fiau mßirhg iy ukqIH wdldrfhka u Lksc f;,a mßfndackh l<fyd;a j¾.hdf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh o wvmK lrñka isák j¾I 2052 jk úg ish¨u Lksc f;,a ixÑ; laIh njla olakg ,efí' ù hkq we;' ;j o f,dj mqrd ckhd hefmk ;j;a Lksc tfuka u f,dj mj;akd .,a wÕ=re ixÑ; j¾. we;' fïjd w;r fkdfhl=;a f,dayuh wuqøjH\" b;d úYd, h' th f,dj Lksc f;,a iy iajNdúl wfkl=;a Lkscuh wuqøjH\" f.dvke.s,s l¾udka; jdhq iïm;a ixÑ; fuka oi .=Khlg;a jvd jeä wuqøjH we;' fuu wuqøjH mjd m;s; jkafka h' f,dj .,a wÕ=re b,a,u óg¾ 100 la muK §¾>ld,Skj m%;sckkh jk iïm;a jYfhks' fïjd >klñka hq;=jk w;r th j¾. lsf,daóg¾ oi w;ßka ;U 2024 jk úg;a\" hlv 2025 jk úg;a\" oyia .Kkla mqrd me;sr mj;S' ±kg ;=ka;kd.ï 2060 jk úg;a we¿ñkshï 2057 jk úg weia;fïka;= lr ;sfnk wdldrhg uq¿ .,a wÕ=re ksIamdok ysÕùï j,g Ndckh ùug ,lajk njg iïm;a ixÑ;h fuá%la fgdka á%,shk 10 ls' .,a úoHd;aul wkdjels m< lr we;' wÕ=re ksê f,dalh mqrd tAldldÍj f,i jHdma; ù fkdue;' ±kg wm okakd ixÑ; j,ska 1$4 lau fuu wuqøjH wdydr\" frÈms<s\" ksjdi hk msysgd we;af;a tlai;a ckmofha uOHu iy l÷lr l¾udka; flfrys tl t,af,a u n,mdkq ,efí' ;jo m%foaYhka ys h' Bg iudk fldgila Ökfha iy úr, f,day Ndú;h uE;l§ iS.% f,i by< f.dia merKs fidaúhÜ ix.uh ;=< msysgd we;' we;af;a bf,lafg%dksl WmlrK ke. tAu;a iuÕhs' fuu úr, f,day 2011 jif¾ isg ksIamdok ysÕhlg fï whqßka .,a wÕ=re iïm;a nyq, ùu uqyqK § we;s w;r\" kej; by< tAug i,l=Kq ke;' jdisodhl iy ys;lr ;;a;ajhla jqj o tAjd j¾I 1760 isg tx.,ka;fha wdrïN jqKq ld¾ñl ish,a,u isf;k mßÈ mßfNdackh lsÍu wjYH o@ úma,jh iu. fï olajd fuu Lksc j¾. ld,h;a hk m%Yakh mek k.S' .,a wÕ=re wdlr ;=< isÿjk iu. iS.% f,i lekSï flfrñka wd ksid j¾;udkfha lvd jeàu iy msmsreï j,ska ñksia Ôú; ish wm uqyqK foñka olskqfha fuu wuqøjH laIh jk nj .Kkla úkdY ùu o fmky¿ ms<sld jeks f,v hs'oelau 10 f,dal wdydr ksIamdokhg ±äj n,mdk ;j;a tla wuqøjHhla jkafka fmdfydr i|yd w;HjYH jk fmdiamria h' fuu fmdiamria ksIamdokh o 2020 jirg fmr ksIamdok ysÕhlg uqyqK fok nj úoHd;aul wkdjels m%ldY lrhs'

fmdiamria ±kg Ndú; jk fõ.fhka jeh lDIsld¾ñl\" i;aj md,k lghq;= i|yd jkdka;rjqjfyd;a\" iïm;la jYfhka fmdiamria f,dfjka t<s fmfy<s lsÍu j¾;udkh jk úg olakg ,eìh2100 jirg fmr laIh ù wjika fjk nj yels h'weußldkq N+ úoHd ñkqï tAllh fy<sorõ lrhs' ñksidf.a fuu wúêu;a l%shd l,dmhka ñksia mßfNdack rgdjka iy fya;=fjka ;j ;j;a mßir moaO;Ska wia:djr ùul¾udka;Yd,d j, § wuqøjH mßfNdackh jk ±lsh yels h' jkdka;r t<sfmfy<s lsÍu ksid mdxY+rgdjka b;d blaukska f,dalhg ±Íug yels jk Ldokh\" yß;d.dr jdhqka jeä ùu ksid f.da,ShmßÈ ilia úh hq;= nj lreKq ldrKd tla/ia WIaK;ajh by< hdu iy kshx ;;a;aj we;s ùu olsÍfuka fy<sorõ fjhs' hkd§ lreKq flfrys o jk úkdYh fya;= fõ' tfuka u f,dalhg b;du;a jeo.;a 2000 isg 2013 olajd jir 13 l ld,h ;=<idOlhla jkafka jk .ykfha meje;auhs' .ia f,dalfha jk .ykfha wvq jeä ùu ms<sn|j jeä ÿrje,a fkdue;s mßirhla ;=< wm Ôj;a jkafka f;dr;=re i|yd my; fjí wvúhg msúfikak'flfia o hk j. fudfyd;lg is;d n,kak' wmwd.%yK lrk jd;h msßisÿ lr fokafka o fï http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-.iaje,a u.sks' global-forest jirlg jkdka;r wlalr ñ,shk 18 j¾;udkh jk úg wo .ek muKla is;d^fylaghdr ñ,shk 7'3& l m%udKhla f,dalfhka ñksiqka lghq;= lrñka isàu olakg yels h'úkdY fjhs' th o< jYfhka .;a l, ,xldj yd wkd.;fha § .eg¿ldÍ ;;a;ajhkaf.ka hï;dlaiudk N+ñ m%udKhls' fï i|yd fya;= ù we;af;a ÿrg fyda ñ§ug kï by; bÈßm;a lrk ,o lreKqñksidf.a úúO jQ whym;a l%shdldrlï h' ;j o ms<sn|j wjfndaOhlska hq;=j lghq;= l< hq;= h'fï jk úg úkdYh ksid yß;d.dr jdhq 12-17] l ke;fyd;a ksh; jYfhka u Ôj;a ùu i|ydm%udKhla jd¾Islj jdhqf.da,hg uqod yef¾' wr.,hl fh§ug isÿjkq we;'yß;d.dr jdhqka iy ldnkavfhdlaihsâ hkwys;lr jdhqka .ia je,aj,ska Wrd .ekSu ksidjdhqf.da,h wmú;% ùu yd jdhqf.da,Sh moaO;súkdY ùu je,lS ;sfí' tfuka u i;ajfldÜGdihkaf.a meje;auo ;yjqre jkafka jk.ykfha meje;au u; h' ck.ykfha j¾Okh;a iu. N+ñ m%udKhuÈ ùu\" kj ld¾ñl m%foaY we;s lsÍug iy oelua 11

wdydr j, wvx.=wys;lr flá ld,Sk yd §¾> ld,Sk .eg¿ldÍ ;;a;ajhkag wmg uqyqK §ug isÿ fõ' my;ska bÈßm;a lr we;af;a ±kqj;aj fyda fkd±kqj;aju tu rildrl iyridhkslhka'' j¾Kldrl fya;=fjka wmg we;sjk wys;lr ;;a;ajfhka ms<sn| bÈßm;a lrk f;dr;=re iuqodhls' ±kg fj<|fmdf<a mj;sk iSks wka;¾.; ke;s nj m%ldY lrñka ksl=;a lrk wdydr iy f,dalh ;=< j¾;udkh jk úg úúO wdydr md,kh i|yd (Diet foods) m%pdrKh lrk.eg¿ j,g ñksidg uqyqK mEug isÿ fõ' tA w;ßka wdydr j, wvx.= lD;Su iSks wdfoaYl isrerg b;d uñksidf.a YÍr fi!LH msßySu hk ldrKh uQ,sl wys;lr nj m¾fhaIK j,ska ikd: lr we;'fldg f.k f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍfï § olakg,efnk m%Odk lreKla jkafka wm wdydrhg lD;su iSks wdfoaYl Ndú;fhka.kakd fndfyda ksIamdok j, YÍrhg wys;lr n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka iajNdúl iSks Ndú;hg jvdøjH fndfyduhla wka;¾.;j we;s njhs' fndfyda b;d l=vd m%udKhlska lD;su iSks u.ska rih ,ndfokd fj<|fmdf<a we;s fï øjH ñ,g .ekSfï § .ekSug yels ùu h' fuu lD;Su iSks wdfoaYl w;rie,ls,su;a jkafka tys i|yka ñ, .Kka\" weiamfÜï (Aspartame, E951) b;d wys;lrksIamdÈ; Èkhka l,a bl=;a ùfï Èkhka ms<sn| wdfoaYlhls' fuu ridhksl øjH iakdhq j,g úimuKls' kuq;a fïjdfhys wvx.= øjH iy tla ldrlhla jk w;r u ms<sld ldrlhla o\" jk njlrk ,o ri ldrl j¾K ldrl hkdÈh o ms<sn| fidhdf.k we;' nqoaêuh mßydksh;a u;lf;dr;=re fndfyda ksIamdok j, i|yka fldg mßydksh;a\" jid .eá;s\" fudf<a ms<sld\" Èhjeähdj\"we;' flfia kuq;a wm wo Tng f;dr;=re bÈßm;a iakdhq wdrCIl ;r, Èhùu\" md¾lskaika frda.h\"lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka fuu ksIamdokhka w,aYhsó¾ frda.h\" ksoka.; f;fyÜgqj\" Ñ;a;fõ.Si|yd fhdod .kakd ñksia isrerg wys;lr le<öu\"udkisl wd;;sh\" lrleú,a,\" brejdroh\"ridhksl wuqøjHhka iy tAjdfha wys;lr n,mEï udkisl jHdl+,;dj jeks b;d ne?reï YdÍßl ydms<sn|j hs' udkisl wdndO we;s lsÍug o weiamfÜï iu;a nj j¾;udkfha § wdydr ksIamdokfha § úúO fidhd f.k we;'wdldrfha lD;su rildrl u.ska wdydrfha rih o\" ;j o tAi,af*ï-fmdgEishï (Acesulfame-úúO wdldrfha lD;su l,a;nd .ekSfï øjH u.ska K, E950) kñka uE;l§ fidhd.;a weiamfÜï jekswdydrfha ld,Sk meje;au o úlD;s lr we;' weig jl=.vq ms<sld ldrl we;s lrk lD;Su iSksm%sh ùu i|yd lD;su j¾K ldrl fhdod .kS' wdfoaYlhla o we;' wE; w;S;fha isgu fujka l%shdj,s j,g fuu weiamfÜï iy ti,af*ï-fmdgEishïñksid mqreÿj isá njg ¨Kq foys ±óu\" je,s hk isrerg b;d wys;lr lD;Su iSks wdfoaYlfldia weg ±óu\" cdä ±óu\" ÿfï ;nd .ekSu\" fhdodf.k weußldfõ ksmofjk f,dal m%isoaO YS;úh,d .ekSu hkd§ l%shd ;=,ska .uH fõ' kuq;a tu îu j¾. j,g wo fndfyda fokd fkd±kqj;ajul%uhka u.ska wdydrfha .=Kd;aul njg ydkshla weíneys ù isáhs' tu fya;=fjka f,dalfha jeäufyda YÍrhg wys;lr jk lsisjla isÿ jkafka ms<sld je<ÿKq frda.Ska jd¾;d jkafka o weußldfjkake;' h' kuq;a 20 jk ishjfia ueo Nd.fha wdrïN tfukau fïjd fc,s jeks w;=remi i|yd o\"jqKq zzmsß ieliQ wdydrZZ (Processed Foods) iSks rys; nn,a.ï i|yd o\" meKs îu i|yd o\"mßfNdackhg yqre ùu;a iu. ksIamdok we;eï oka;df,am i|yd o\" fhdod we;'l%shdj,sfha § ;j ÿrg;a iajNdúl rildrl\" j¾Kldrl\" l,a;nd .ekSfï ridhksl øjH j,g iSkS wdfoaYlhla f,i wê idJøs; iSkS ødjKwu;r lD;Su iy fi!LHg wys;lr rildrl\" (High fructose corn syrup) Ndú;h o wo jk úgj¾K ldrl\" l,a;nd .ekSfï ridhksl øjH m%p,s; ù we;' fuh wdydr ksIamdokfha § úYd,fhdod .ekSug fm<UqK y' jYfhka myiqjla we;s lrhs' kuq;a fuu iSks ødjKh ia:q,;dj we;s ùug fya;= jk w;r YÍrhg fndfyda úg fïjd YÍrhg tl;= ùu ksid wys;lr flf,diagfrd,a jeä lrhs' fuhskaoelau 12

Èhjeähdj\" fmaYSka bÍu wd§ jQ nrm;, ydks iïnkaO frda. j,g f.dÿre ùfï jeä yelshdjlañksidg we;s lrhs' we;' fuu wê idkaøK iSkS ødjKh yhsv%ckSh l< (Trans fat) fïo ±ka jeäfndfyduhla l¾udka;Yd,d j, ilik wdydr jYfhka ud.ßka\" CIKsl wdydr\" lvfpdare\" fílßj, o\" uyd mßudKfhka ilik fílß ksIamdok ksIamdok j, olakg we;' fuu yhsv%ckSh l< fïoj, o\" rileú,s\" fhda.Ü' áka l, m<;=re\" ilik ys;lr fldf,diagfrda,a (HDL) uÜgu my; ouk,o OdkHuh wdydr j, o\" fhdod .kS' w;r wys;lr fldf,diagfrda,a (LDL) uÜgu by< ouhs' fï fya;=fjka yDohdndO wjOdku jeä lrk j¾;udkfha § fndfyda Ök wdydr j, iy w;r wêl reêr mSvkhg yd Èhjeähd frda.hgwdydr ri lD;Suj j¾Okh lsÍug rel=,a fohs' fuu fi!LH wjOdku ksid wo jk úgfudfkdfidähï .a¨gfïÜ (Monosodium fvkaudla rdcHfha fuu w¾O yhsv%ckSh l< fïoGlutamate, MSG, E621) fkdfyd;a m%p,s;j Ndú;h ;ykï fldg we;'fj<| kdufhka wm y÷kkakd jQ wðk-fudfgda(AJI-NO-MOTO®) Ndú; flf¾' fudfkdfidähï ^jeäÿr wOHhkhg&.a¨gfïÜ hkq iakdhq moaO;sfha W;af;ack we;s http://www.heart.org/HEARTORGlsÍug iu;a weñfkda wï,hls' fuu W;af;ackh /GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/fya;= fldg f.k iakdhq moaO;shg wdY%s; ffi, HealthyEating/Trans-Fats UCMydks ùug fyda urKhg m;a ùug yels h' 301120 Article.jspj¾;udkfha § fndfyda úg wm wdydrhg .kakd*%hsâ rhsia (Fried Rice) iy fvj,a j, rih iy wdydr reÑh we;s lsÍug tys j¾KlEu reÑh j¾Okh lsÍug fuu rildrlh úm¾hdihla lsÍu Wfoid ±kg úúO j¾K ldrlfndfyda f,i fhdod .kq ,nhs' lD;Su îu j¾. j,g\" m<;=re îu j¾. j,g fukau fkdfhl=;a wdydr j¾. j,g o fhdod .kS' fuu fudfkdfidähï .a¨gfïÜ wêlf,i ks;ru mßyrKfhka udkisl wd;;sh fuu j¾K ldrl l=vd <uqkaf.a p¾hd;auluxuq,d .;sh\" wCIs fodaI\" ksoka.; f;fyÜgqj\" .eg¿ we;s lsÍug yd ;d¾lsl nqoaêh (IQ) wvqysiroh iy wêl ia:q,;dj jeks YÍrhg lsÍug fya;= jk w;r ñksia mßfNdackhg fmrwys;lr frda.S ;;a;ajhka we;s fõ' i;a;aj m¾fhaIKhkays § tu j¾K ldrl ms<sldfudfkdfidähï .a¨gfïÜ ksid we;s jk ;j;a ldrlhla jYfhka y÷kdf.k we;'oreKq fi!LH ;;a;ajhla jkafka wdydr msßh jeälsÍu Wfoid ukiska ;j ;j;a wdydr wjYH nj my; i|yka j¾K ldrl iïnkaOfhkaYÍrhg ±kqï §u hs' fuh ;=<ska wêl wjOdkfhka wdydr ñ, § .ekSfuka by; fi!LHia:q,;djhlg ñksid m;a lrhs' .eg¿ j,ska ñÈh yel' ;j o fudfkdfidähï .a¨gfïÜ ² Blue #1 and Blue #2 (E133): fuhska j¾K(Monosodium Glutamate, E621) (MSG) nv foayuh ms<sld we;s lrhs; fkda¾fõ\" *ska,ka;\"bßÕ= j,ska idok ,o Syrup j, nyq, f,i m%xY rdcHhkays fuh ;ykï lr we;'wka;¾.;j we;' ksIamdokfha § ksIamdokúhoug jvd wkjYH fm%daàk bj;a lsÍug jeä ² Red #3 and Red #40 (E124):úhoula hk ksid fudjqka fuu wkjYH fm%daàk ;hsfrdhsâ .%kaÓuh ms<sld\" j¾Kfoayuh ms<sld\"bj;a fkdlru ksIamdokh fj<|fmd<g tl lrkq ukfia iy iakdhq moaO;sfha l%shdldÍ;ajh,nhs' tu ksid ish¨u Corn Syrup j, wvmK lsÍu isÿ lrhs; 1990 isg fuh weußldfõfudfkdfidähï .a¨gfïÜ hk ridhkslh nyq, ;ykï lr we;s jqj o .nvdj, we;s fuu j¾Kf,i wka;¾.;j we;' Tjqka fïjd YÍrhg ldrlh wjika jk;=re ;ju;a ;ykï lr ke;swys;lr fkdjk nj mejiqj o th YÍrhg rgj, Ndú;d fõ'wys;lr nj fidhdf.k we;' fuys we;sNhdklu ;;a;ajh jkafka MSG j,g ixfõ§ ² Yellow #6 (E110) and yellowwhg fuh wys;lrj n,mdhs' tfuka u fuu Tartrazine (E102): jl=.vq iy wêjDl .%kaÓtkaihsu ;j ;j wkq j,g fjka ù ;j ;j fm%daàk wdY%s; ms<sld iy j¾K foayuh ms<sld we;sksmojhs' úYd, jYfhka fuh Ndú;hg .;fyd;a lrhs; fkda¾fõ iy iaùvka rdcHhkays fuhwlaudj\" yhsfmd;e,ui\" msáhqgß .%kaÓh yd ;ykï lr we;' j¾;udkfha we;s ±ä wdydr b,a¨u;a iuÕ uyd oelua 13

mßudKfhka isÿ lrkakd jQ wdydr ksIamdokh wjia:dj, fjf<|fmdf<a we;s ó lsß iy ud¿ j¾. fya;=fjka wdydr l,a;nd .ekSu yd ydkshlska j,g f*dau¾,ska tla lsÍu isÿ fõ' f;drj m%jdykh lsÍu buy;a .eg¿jla ù we;' fï i|yd o wdydr j,g l,a;nd .ekSu Wfoid ukao ó lsß Èh ùu j,lajd .ekSug fuka u fkdfhla wys;lr ridhksl øjH fhdod .kS' ud¿ krla ùu j<lajd .ekSug fï l%u Wmfhda.S lr .kS' my; i|yka l,a;nd .ekSug fhdod .kakd ridhksl øjH ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lr tfuka u wo jk úg fndfyda fokd w;r wdydr ñ, § .ekSu u.ska fndfydauhla fi!LH m%p,s; ù we;s w,fm;s\" u[af[dlald fm;s\" rglcq .eg¿ j,ska ñÈh yels h' wdÈh f;,a j, nÈk úg ysia ma,diaála fnda;,a f;,a ;dÉÑhg oud th WKq ù Èh ù hdug ,la lrhs' bka ² fidaähï i,af*aÜ u.ska (E221): weÿu frda.\" miq tu f;,a j, fïjd ne§u isÿ lrhs' túg ysiroh\" iajik frda. iy p¾u frda. w,fm;s\" u[af[dlald fm;s\" rglcq hkdÈfhys jgd we;s ùfï wjOdkula we;' fuys Nhdklu bá jeks jeiaula ks¾udKh ù jeä ld,hla l,a ;nd m%;sM,h jkafka iajik moaO;sfha wjysr;d .ekSug yd jd;hg ksrdjrKh ùfuka we;s jk we;s lr urKh <Õd lr §u hs' fm.Sfuka j<lajd .ekSug fï l%uh fndfyda úg fhdod .kS' kuq;a fuh YÍrhg b;du;a u wys;lr ² Sodium Nirtrate/ Sodium: wdydr ud¾.fha ;;a;ajhls' tfuka u fï wdldrhg Green piece j, ms<sld we;s lrhs' ;j o wlaudfõ yd o j¾Kh jeä lsÍug b;d nyq, f,i j¾K ldrl w.akHdxYfha l%shdj,shg ndOd we;s lrhs' fhdod .ekSu isÿ fõ' 1970 § weußldj úiska fuh ;ykï lsÍug W;aidy l, o udxY fjf<kaoka fuhg ±ä fmdgEishï frdafuÜ (KBR) fuh m%Odk f,i úfrdaO;d t,a,lr ;ykï lsÍug lsÍu jYfhka iqÿ mdkamsá (White flour) wdY%s; j<lajd we;' fuh úúO r;= uia j¾. l,a;nd ksIamdokj, mßudj jeä lsÍug fhdod .kakd .ekSug yd meyeh j¾Okh lsÍug fhdod ridhkslhls' fuh o ±ä ms<sld ldrlhla iy .kS' j¾Kfoay ms<sld we;s lrk ridhkslhls' BHA & BHT (E320): hï fïouh wdydr fï wdldrhg ne¨ l, j¾;udk f,dalfha j, uqvq .;sh je<elaùug fuh WmldÍ fõ' fuh fndfyda wdydr ksIamdok j, we;af;a YÍrhg ukfia l%shdldÍ;ajhg ydks lsÍu;a\" p¾hd rgd b;du;a wys;lr ixfhda.hka h' fuys Nhdklu fjkia lsÍu;a\" ms<sld ldrlhla f,i l%shd lrhs' ;;a;ajh jkafka l=vd ld,fha mgka u fï wdydr j,g keUqre ùu ;=,ska jeäysá úhg meñfKk úg ^jeä úia;r i|yd my; fi!LH w;ska ÿ¾j, mqoa.,hka msßila f,dalhg fjí wvúhg msúfikak'& odhdo ùu yd p¾hd;aul fjkia ùï fya;=fjka iudc http://foodmatters.tv/articles- ;;a;ajh o msßySulg ,la ùuhs' 1/top-10-food-additives-to- avoid wm fuf;la ÿrg f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrkq ,enqfõ wdydr øjH j,g ndysßka tla lrk ,o i,a*¾ vfhdlaihsâ (E220): wuq t<j¿ lD;Su ixfhda.hka ms<sn| f;dr;=re iuqodhls' yd m<;=re §¾> ld,Skj kejqï j ;nd .ekSu fïjd fya;= fldg f.k fndfyda úg ñksia YÍrfha Wfoid fuh Ndú;d lrhs' fuys wys;lr úúO frda.dndO we;s ùu ±lsh yels h' tAjd w;ßka ;;a;ajhka jkafka úh,s ksoka.; CIh frda.h\" j¾;udkfha ±lsh yels nyq, frda.S ;;a;ajhla weÿu\" wvq reêr mSvkh hkdÈh hs' fndfyda úg jkafka ms<sld frda.h hs' fkd±kqj;aju wm Ndú;d ,xldfõ olakg we;s wem,a\" fodvï\" ñÈ\" j,g lrk wdydr j,ska fuu ms<sldldrl YÍrhg we;=¿ fuh nyq,ju Ndú;d lrhs' ukao tAjd keõ u.ska ù l%shd lrhs' ms<sld frda.S ;;a;ajh ms<sn| jeäÿr f.kaùfï § udi 4-5 ld,hla keõ ;=< o bka miq f;dr;=re wm ,nk l,dmfhka idlÉPd lsÍug fjf<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍug fmr .nvd j, udi 4 n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' l muK ld,hla o .nvd lr bkamiqj fjf<|fmd<g ksl=;a lrhs' túg wm kejqï m<;=re hehs is;d wdydrhg .kafka wjqreoaol muK ld,hlg fmr fk,d .;a m<;=re h' tfukau j¾;udkfha ,xldj ;< o ;ukaf.a mgq wruqKq Wfoid wdydr l,a;nd .ekSug úúO fi!LHhg b;du;a wys;lr l%ufõohka Ndú;hg .ekSu isÿ fõ' we;eïoelua 14

foudmshwdorh wjOdkh yd/l n,d .ekSuorejkaf.a hym;a Ôú; ixj¾Okh l=vd orejka frdai u,a fuka hehs y÷kaj;s ms<s.;a p¾hdjka úYajdi yd is;=ú,s f,i y÷kd.kqtfia jkafka Tjqka ;=< we;s wjHdc\" iqmsßisÿ yd ,nkafka tjeks .;s ,CIKhkah' tmuKla fkdj¥IKh fkdjQ .;s mej;=ï ksidfjks' fufia fndfyda úg foudmshkaf.a wmpdÍ fyda iudc úfrdaëiqmsßisÿ .;s ,CIK Wreu lr.ksñka mjq,lg l%Shdldrlï j,g kka whqßka orejka iïnkaO ùutl;= jk l=vd orejka miqld,Skj úúO wmpdÍ fyda iïnkaO lr .ekSu isÿjk wr tys §l%shdjkag\" iudc úfrdaë l%shdjkag yd hq;=lï ksrdhdifhka tu is;=ú,s\" úYajdi yd .;s ,CIKmeyer yeÍfï ;;a;ajhkag Tjqkaf.a jeäysá orejka úiska Wreu lr .ekSu;a miqld,Skjwjëka ;=< § m;ajkafka flfia o@ tfia ke;skï Tjqkaf.a p¾hd i|yd tAjd mdol lr.ekSu;a fndfydamjq, yd iudch hym;a hehs ms,s.kq ,nk p¾hd úg isÿ fõ' m¾fhaIK u.ska ikd: fldg f.k we;srgd Wreu lr.kafka flfia o@ orejkaf.a hym;a wdldrhg fodaIKhg ,la jQ foudmshkaf.a ishhgfyda whym;a p¾hd j¾Okhg m%Odk f,i u yeg ;=klf.a orejka o fodaIKhg ,la jQ wh njn,mdk idOlh f,i fuys § fláfhka idlÉPd y÷kdf.k we;'lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka mjq, ydfoudmshkaf.a n,mEuhs' foudmshka úiska orejka yodjvd .kakd l%u mjqf,a iajrEmh yd ;;a;ajh foi ne,Sfï foudmshka úiska orejka yodjvd .ekSu§ my; i|yka j¾.SlrKh foi ;=< isg fuh i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk l%uYs,am úúO wdldrhgúuid ne,Su M,odhS jkq we;' orejkaf.a p¾hdj ;SrKh lsÍug n,mEï lrkq ,nhs' orejka yodjvd .ekSu hkq orejkaf.a úkh 1' wmrdOldÍ yd iudc úfrdaë foudmshka kshdukh lsÍu fyda ukd iqmÍCIKhg ,la lsÍu iy orejkag iafkayjka; Yla;su;a lsÍï yd WKqiqï 2' orejka yodjvd .kakd iajrEmh ,ndfoñka orejka iu. f.dvk.d .kakd Ñ;a;fõ.S iïnkaO;djh hs' fuu iïnkaO;djh orejka iu. 3' mjq, ;=< we;s wmfhdack yd nekqï uekúka f.dvk.d .ekSu yd mj;ajd .ekSu u.ska foudmshka iu. Ñ;a;fõ.S f,i orejka b;d ;o 4' foudmsh .egqï ne£ula we;slr.kakd w;ru tu.ska orejka foudmshkag b;d lSlre f,i lghq;= lsÍug miqìumjq, ;=< Ôj;ajk wmrdOldÍ yd iudc úfrdaë f.dv kef.hs'foudmshka orejkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajhka\" mqreÿ\" is;=ú,s orejka Ôj;ajk mjq,a mßirh ;=< Tjqka yd úYajdi ms<sn|j b;d lsÜgq ksÍCIKhlatÈfkod w;aú¢k w;a±lSï ;=< fndfyda úg foudmshka úiska mj;ajdf.k hEu u.ska Tjqka úúOfoudmshka ;=<ska m%o¾Ykh jkafka wmrdOldÍ yd iudÔh n,fõ. j,g yiqùfuka j<lajd .;iudc úfrdaë p¾hdjka kï orejkag mjq, ;=<ska yelsfiau tjeks .eg¨ iy.; wjia:d we;akïfndfyda úg Wreu jk w;a±lSï jkafka wmrdO\" l,ska y÷kd .ekSu u.ska ms<shï fh§ug o myiqjkqwmpdr yd iudc úfrdaOh hs' iudc úfrdaë yd we;' ;ukaf.a orejka isákafka fldfyao\" lrkafkawmpdÍ l%shdldrlï j, kshef,k foudmshkaf.a fudkjdo\" weiqre lrkq ,nkafka ljqrekao hkakuq¿uy;a yeisÍu ;=< u olakg we;af;a ;ryj\" ms<sn|j fkdokakd foudmshkaf.a orejka fndfydafl%daOh\" wdl%uKYS,S;ajh\" ysxikh\" hgm;a lsÍu úg wmpdÍ p¾hdjkag yd hq;=lï meyer yeÍfïjeks .;s ,CIK ksid orejka mjq, ;=< we;s oelua 15

;;a;ajhkag m;aùug we;s bvlv jeä h' fuys § n, iys; yd bv we;s foudmshka Tjqkaf.a orejka iu. b;d fyd| ikaksfõokhla WodyrK f,i foudmshka úiska mj;ajdf.k hk w;ru tlÕ;dj,g m;aúh yels orejkaf.a mdie,a lghq;=\" mdvï lghq;= yd fya;= jgyd fok yd orejkaf.a wjYH;dj,g iudÔh lghq;= ms<sn|j b;d lsÜgq ksÍCIKhla ixfõ§;ajhla olajkq ,nk ksid tjeks miqìula ;=< mj;ajd f.k hEu isÿ lrkjd kï orejka tu ye§ jefvk orejka fndfyda ÿrg wmpdÍ lghq;= j,ska ÿriaùug fm<fUkafka ke;' mdie,a p¾hdjkaf.ka f;dr yd hq;=lï meyer fkdyßk yd j, mj;ajk mx;s /iaùï j, § orejkaf.a mj;sk iudc úfrdaë;ajfhka f;dr orejka njg m;aùug ÿ¾j,;djhka yd tAjdg ms<shï fhÈh hq;= wdldrh we;s bvlv b;d by< h' ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrkq ,enqj;a iuyr foudmshka mqreoaola f,i tjeks /iaùï j,g iyNd.S <ud wmfhdack yd fkdi,ld yeÍu fkdùu fyda iyNd.S ùug yelshdjla fkdue;s ùu ksid orejkaf.a wOHdmk wjYH;d bgqlr§u yd foudmshka úiska orejkaj fkdild yeÍu yd u. fmkaùu tjeks foudmshka w;ska úúO wmfhdack ;;a;ajhkag m;alsÍu ksid u.yefrkjd muKla fkdj Tjqkaf.a orejka orejkaf.a p¾hdjka wm.dó\" wmpdÍ\" iudc úfrdaë ksrdhdifhka jv jvd;a mdvï lghq;= j,ska yd yd hq;=lï meyer yßk p¾hd rgd u; Ôj;a ùug ms<s.;a yeisÍïj,ska neyer ùu isÿ fõ' mdie,a b;d ±ä n,mEï we;s lrkq ,nhs' fïjd fndfyda úg j, orejkaf.ka wvq ,l=Kq ,nd.kakd Ñ;a;fõ.S wmfhdackh\" fkdi,ld yeÍï\" YdÍßl orejkaf.ka jeäfofkl= fuf,i foudmshkaf.a wmfhdackh\" ,sx.sl wmfhdackh wd§ jYfhka lsÜgq ksÍCIKhg fyda u.fmkaùug hg;a fkdjk fldgialr y÷kd.; yels h' fndfyda úg foudmshka wh nj fmkS hhs' úiska orejkaj YdÍßl ysxikhg ,la fkdl<d jqj;a Ñ;a;fõ.S ysxikhg fyda wmfhdackhg ,laùug fuys § ufkda úoHd{hska i|yka lrk isÿjkafka idudkH ;;a;ajhka ;=< § fukau tA ms<sn| wdldrhg jeä n,mEula we;s lrkq ,nkafka j ukd jegySulska o f;drj h' foudmshkaf.a mqreÿ j,g jvd foudmsh ú,dYh ms<sn|j hs' fuys § m%uqL ú,dYhka 3 la y÷kd .; foudmshka Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSu yels h' ms<sn|j muKla is;ñka lghq;= lsÍu ksid orejkaf.a wjYH;d yd Wjukdjka ms<sn|j 1' tAldêm;s iajrEmh (- fuu iajrEmh iys; ie,ls,af,ka lghq;= fkdlsÍu u; fndfyda ÿrg foudmshka fndfyda úg orejkaj ,sys,a Ndjfhka orejka ;=< we;sjkafka Ñ;a;fõ.S wmfhdackh hs' f;drj ±ä md,khlg hg;alrk\" o`vqjï lrk orejkaj Ndjd;aulj .%yKhg k;=lr .ekSu yd yd orejkaj ks;r m%Yak lsÍï j,g hg;a lrkq orejka iu. ksrka;rj wdfõ.YS,Sj lghq;= lsÍu ,nk wh jk w;r u Tjqka o orejkaf.a lghq;= jeks p¾hd rgd u.ska idudkH Ôú;h ;=< orejkaf.a j, § m%pKavldÍ f,i yeisfrkq ,nhs' tfia u tu w;a±lSï njg m;ajkafka tjeks wdfõ.YS,S m%pKav;ajhg Ndckh jk orejka o miqld,Skj w;a±lSï h' tjeks foudmshka fndfyda úg orejka m%pKav;ajhg m;aùug we;s bvlv jeä h' ms<sn|j orkafka RKd;aul wdl,am jk w;r foudmshkag orejka iu. i;=fgka l,a.; lsÍug 2' n, iys; iajrEmh (- fuu iajrEmh ;=< yelshdjla ke;ehs is;hs' orejkaf.a wudre iy.;\" lghq;= lrk foudmshka ;o kS;sÍ;s mekùu u; oÕldr p¾hd rgdjka j, § tjeks foudmshka isg l%shdlrkq ,enQj;a orejkag wjYH WKqiqu yd fndfyda úg RKd;aul is;=ú,s u; isg lghq;= lrkq Woõ ,ndfok\" orejkaf.a iajdêm;Hhg bv we;' fïjdg fndfyda ÿrg fya;= idOl úh yelafla i,ik p¾hd rgdjla wkq.ukh lrkq ,nhs' foudmshka ;=< mj;sk udkisl fi!LH .eg¨\" fujeks ;;a;ajhlg Ndckh jk orejka ;=< .Dyia: ysxik ;;a;ajhka\" u;aøjH yd u;ameka úkh b;d fyd¢ka f.dv kef.k w;r u WKqiqu j,g weíneys ùï jeks ;;a;ajhka h' yd ms<s.ekSu u; hym;a p¾hd rgdjka f.dv ke.Sug WmldÍ jkq we;' tfia u orejkaf.a wjYH;d yd Wjukdjka bgqlr §fuka u.yeÍu isàu úúO wdldrhg isÿúh 3' ks¾ndO ^bv we;s& iajrEmh (- fujeks yels h' orejkag m%udKj;a f,i wdydr\" we÷ï foudmshkaf.a p¾hdj ;=< o`vqjï fkdfok tfy;a me<÷ï yd jdiia:dk ,nd fkd§u fyda §ug orejkag wjYH WKqiqu\" ms<s.ekSu yd lsÜgq wfmdfydi;a ùu\" wjYH wjia:dj, § fi!LH fidhd ne,Su ,nd§u u; orejkaf.a hym;a m%;sldr ,nd§ug wfmdfydi;a ùu\" wdorh\" p¾hdjka ÈhqKq ùug n,mEï we;s lrkq we;' /ljrKh yd iyfhda.h m%udKj;a mßÈ ,nd§ugoelau 16

wfmdfydi;a ùu\" m%udKj;a f,i iqmÍCIKh yd orejka flfrys m%o¾Ykh lsÍug ;rï yeÕSï\"md,kh lsÍug wfmdfydi;alu\" m%udKj;a f,i wdorh fidhd.ekSug yels fõ o@kS;suh yd iodpdrd;aul u. fmkaùug fkdyelsùu yd l%ñl mdie,a iyNd.S;ajhg .egqïldÍ mjq,a miqìu fiau ì÷kq mjq,awfmdfydi;aùu jeks ldrKd u; fndfydaÿrg miqìï ;=< olakg we;af;a ujf.a fyda mshdf.a fydaorejka ;=< wmpdÍ yd hq;=lï bgq fkdlsÍfï fofokdf.a u fjkaùuls' foudmshka Èlalido ùu;;a;ajhka orejkaf.a miqld,Sk jeäysá fyda fjka ù Ôj;aùu u; fndfydaÿrg isÿjkafkaÔú;j,ska m%o¾YKh ùug bv we;' úúO wkaofï orejkag mshd wysñùuls' ke;fyd;a fofokdu wysñÑ;a;fõ.S yd YdÍrl wmpdrhkag ,la jQ orejka ù wdÉÖ fyda iShd iu. fyda fjk;a kEoEhska iu.fndfyda úg idudkH Ôú;h ;=< wixf;daIfhka Ôj;a ùuls' fuu iEu wjia:djla ;=< §u orejkagisàu\" Nfhka Ôj;a ùu\" wdl%uKYS,S;ajh\" iudc fndfyda úg ;u Ñ;a;fõ.S wjYH;d bgqùugúfrdaë l%shd\" ñ;%hska f.dvk.d .ekSug we;s Wjukd mßirfhka neyerùula isÿ fõ' uj fydafkdyelshdj\" mdie,a meñKSfï ÿ¾j,;d yd mshd kej; újdy ù isák wjia:d j, § ndmamdf.kawOHdmk ch.%yK ,nd .ekSug we;s ÿ¾j,;d fyda mqxÑ wïudf.ka isÿjkafka Ñ;a;fõ.S in|;dwd§ ì| jegqKq p¾hd ,CIK fmkakqï lrkq ,nhs' we;sjkjdg jvd orejka tjeks wdrCIdldÍ mßirfhka wE;a ù hduhs' wjidkfha § fujeksfoudmsh .egqï yd ì|jegqKq mjq,a tAll ;;a;ajhka orejka ;=< f.dvk.kafka wm.dó\" wmpdÍ p¾hd rgdjka h' by; ;;a;ajhkag wu;rj orejka yd foudmshka w;r mej;sh hq;= j¾;udkfha fmfkkakg mj;sk yd jeä jYfhkaukd Ñ;a;fõ.S in|;d ySklrjk ;j;a m%Odk ieÕù mj;sk orejka ,sx.sluh jYfhkaidOlhla jkafka foudmshka w;r mj;sk wmfhdackhg ,la lsÍu u.ska orejkaf.a Ôú; ;=<g.egqïldÍ ;;a;ajh hs' mjq,l foudmshka w;r tl;= jk úkdYldÍ w;a±lSï miqld,Skjks;r ks;r wiu.sh fyda .egqïldÍ ;;a;ajhka orejkaf.a wmpdÍ yd hq;=lï meyer yßkwe;sjk úg § orejka tA foaj,a ;=<ska Ôú;hg ;;a;ajhka j,g m;aùug n,mEï lrkq ,nktl;= lr.kq ,nkafka l=ula o@ .egqïldÍ;ajh Nhdkl idOlhls';=< § wfkla md¾Yjh iu. igkg meñfKk úg§ ;ud i;=j mj;sk fyd|u wdhqO Ndú;d lsÍug iuia;hla f,i .;al< by; idlÉPd l<tlsfkld fm<fUkq we;s w;r tu wdhqO ;=< ldrKd ish,a, u.skau orejka ksisf,iwe;af;a oud .eish yels b;d m%n,u fpdaokd yd iqmÍCIKhg ,lalsÍug yd hym;a p¾hd rgd ydúkdYldÍ jpk yd isoaëka h' fuu foaj,a ;=<ska w;a±lSï orejkaf.a Ôú; j,g <Õdlr §ug wmyiqorejkaf.a Ôú; j,g foudmshka tlalrkq jkjd fiau Tjqkaf.a Ôú; ;=< miqld,Skj wmpdÍ\",nkafka RKd;aul\" úkdYldÍ w;a±lSï jk iudc úfrdaë yd hq;=lï meyer yßk wdldrfhaw;r tAjd b;d úkdYldÍ f,i orejkaf.a úYajdi mqreÿ we;s lsÍug yd úúO udkisld jHdëkayd wdl,am moaO;sh ;=<g tla fõ' orejkaf.a Ôú; ;=< we;s lsÍug ;rï m%n, n,mEï we;s l< yels fõ' foudmshkaf.a úúO wm.dó\" foudmshka ks;ru tlsfkld flfrys wmpdÍ yd ÿria: mqreÿ yd in|;d u.ska orejkaf.a.egqïldÍ f,i lghq;= lsÍug hEu u; miqld,Sk Ôú; ;=< úkdYldÍ m%;sM, we;s lsÍugksrka;rfhka isÿjkafka orejka flfrys ±laúh ;rï yelshdjla mj;sk nj fï ms<sn|j fuf,ihq;= wjodkh\" lemùu yd wdorh ±laùug ishqïj fidhd ne,Sfï § fmkS hhs' tksid ;ukaf.awjia:djla fidhd .ekSug fkdyels ùu hs' ks;r orejka ;uka yd iudch wfmaCIs; ;;a;ajfhkaks;r wdl%uKYS,Sj lghq;= lsÍu u; f.dv kexùu i|yd foudmshkaf.a ukd wjfndaOh;afifkfyjka; yd wdorKSh Ndjfhka foudmshka tA wkqj ukd iqmÍCIKh\" fufyhùu\" wdorh\"wE;ajkq ,nkafka Tjqkaf.a ±kqug;a fydrd h' /ljrKh yd Ñ;a;fõ.S ueÈy;a ùu;a\" mj;ajd;udf.a ìß|g fyda iajdñhdg ±laùug ;rï .ekSu;a b;d jeo.;a jkq we;'lreKdjla\" wdorhla fidhd.ekSug wmiq úg § oelua 17

f,fdalowod¾rÓdlhhhs fï wm Ôj;a jk f,dalh m%Odk jYfhka hs' fuh jeä ÿrgu we;s jQfha weußldfõ h' fuuu r|d mj;skafka wd¾Ól\" iudÔh\" wd.ñl yd msmsÍu fya;=fjka f,dal wd¾Ólh lvd jeàug <ÕdfoaYmd,ksl hkakd jQ moaO;Ska u;h' thska úh' fuu msmsÍu we;s ùug m%Odk W;afm%arlhla f,iwd¾Ólh kï jQ moaO;shg ysñ jkafka m%Odk l%shd;aul jQfha 1977-10 jk ui 12 jk § iïu;;ekls' fï f,dal wd¾Ólh tÈfkod ;ukag lrk ,o iudc m%;sfhdackd mk;hs' fuhskaWjukd foa ksIamdokh lr tys w;sßla;h ;j;a weußldfõ fikÜ iNdj n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha iq¿flfkl=f.a ksIamdokhla iu. yqjudre yd uOHu wdodhï,dNS iq¿ cd;sl fldgia yg ksjdilr.ekSfuka tkï ndgd (BATA) l%ufhka ,nd .ekSfï myiqj we;s lsÍuhs'wdrïNh fõ jk úg f.hla f.hla iu. muKlafkdj rgj,a wfkla rgj,a iu. .kqfokq lrk bka miqj ksjdi fkdue;s ck;dj yguÜgug yd thskq;a Tíng f.da,ShlrKh ;jÿrg;a myiqjla lsÍu i|yd ckm;s la,skagka(GLOBALIZATION) yryd jHdma;j we;' 1995 § iudc m%;sfhdackd mk; kej; Yla;su;a lrk ,§' fuhg iu.dój f*vr,a ixÑ;h u.ska kuq;a l%ul%ufhka ir,j mej;s wd¾Ólh bÈßm;a lrk ,o uQ,H m%;sm;a;s ksid ;jÿrg;ajvd;a ixlS¾K ùfuka fï jk úg jvd w¾nqoldÍ fjf<|m<g uqo,a fhduq lsÍfuka ckm;s la,skagkaf,i lvdjeàfuka mj;sk nj wmg fmkS hhs' úiska fmr mejiQ fjkialï j,g W;afma%rlhla úh' f,dalfha fï jk úg ms<s.kakd m%Odku fuhska miqj 2004 olajd ld,h ;=< b;d wd¾Ól úYaf,aIl c¾k,a iÕrdj jk zzfjda,a iS.% f,i ksjdi ysñldÍ;ajh jeä ùu iy kj iaà%ÜZZ c¾k,fha uE;l§ m<l, ,sms f,dal wd¾Ólh l%ul%ufhka my<g .uka lrk wdldrh ukdj meyeÈ,s lrhs' tys fydjd olajk wdldrhg uE;l§ we;s jQ wd¾Óluh nqnq,l msmsÍu jQfha ksjdi yd foam< j, isÿ jQ ñ, .Kka WÉPdjpkhoelau 18

uqo,a w¨;ska wÉpq .id nexl= cd, fj; fnod 3' rdcH yd kd.ßl rchka úfYaIfhka uyeÍuhs' tkï bx.S%is jHjydrfha tk (PEPER ;ukaf.a uágñka isÿ l< hq;= wd¾ÓluhMONEY) fld< i,a,s rg ;=< fnod yeÍuhs' rgla ueÈy;a ùï meyer isákq we;'kj uqo,a ixirKhg tl;= lsÍfukan,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka rg ;=< mj;sk ksIamdok 4' r;a;rka wjqkaihl ñ, weußldkq fvd,¾l%shdj,shg fyda wdfhdackh lr /lshd wjia:d 700 l muK o f;,a ner,hl ñ,ks¾udKh lsÍuhs' kuq;a Tjqka isÿ lf,a th weußldkq fvd,¾ 20 lg muK my; neifkdfjhs' lvd jeàulg ,la jQ tu wdfhdack mdßfNda.sl NdKav yqjudrej ;j ÿrg;ai|yd u Tjqka kej; uqo,a fhoùu h' fmr mßÈu wvq jkq we;'fuu isÿùu È.ska È.gu isÿ úh' nexl= cd, fj;w¿;ska uqo,a wÉpq .id fmdïm lrúh' tu uqo,a 5' Ökfha wd¾Óluh nqnq, n,dfmdfrd;a;=l÷ .idf.k ñ, .Kka by< kexùu msKsi jQjdg jvd fndfyda blaukska mqmqrd hkq;ukaf.a u fldgia kej; ñ,g .ekSu i|yd tAjd we;'fhdod .ekSu fuka u úYd, jYfhka NdKavd.drì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne÷ïlr ;=< wdfhdackh 6' hqfrdamh ;j ÿrg;a ÿ¾j, jkq we;s w;ri|yd tu uqo,a fhdojk ,§' thska isÿ jQfha ienE úfYaIfhka u c¾uksh hqfrdamfhka fjkajwd¾Ólh uq¿ukska u lvd jeàu hs' Tjqkaf.a u iajdëk wd¾Ól\" iudÔh\" wd.ñl yd foaYmd,ksl m%;sm;a;Skg fjda,a iaà%Ü wd¾Ól c¾k,fha olajk mßÈ yefrkq we;'2008 jif¾ isÿ jQ f,dal wd¾Ól lv jeàuguQ,slj fya;=j jQfõ by;ska i|yka lrk ,o fya;= fmda,a lD.aukaf.a yqjd ±laùï ikd: lrñkaldrKd fõ' w;s W;=ï Y=oafOda;a;u *ekaisia mdma;=ud j;sldkq mqj;am;la jk fjka.=Èhd mqj;amf;a fÊIAG wd¾Ól úYdrofhl= jk fmda,a jd¾;dlrefjl= jk fyJøsla ffpufrka iu.lD.aukaf.a wOHhkhg wkqj fï jir 30 we;=<; mj;ajk ,o mqj;am;a idlÉPdfõ § mjid we;af;aóg fmr Y; j¾I 4 la ;=< isÿ jQ wdldrhkag jvd wm f.da,Sh wd¾Ól moaO;sh kqÿf¾u úkdY jk njúYd, f,i wd¾Óluh nqnq,l msmsÍ hdula isÿ jkq hs' thg m%Odk fya;=j f,i Wkajykafia mjidwe;s nj mßl,amkh lr ;sfí' isákafka ;reKhskaf.a /lshd úhqla;shhs' wka;¾cd;sl lïlre ixúOdkhfha kj;u Tyqf.a wkdjrKhkag wkqj lsisfia;a u. o;a;hkag wkqj miq.sh jif¾ muKla fmr jiryeßh fkdyels wjodkï 6 lg j¾;udkfha j,g idfmaCIj /lshd úhqla;sh 13'1] lska muKwd¾Ólhg uqyqK §ug isÿjkq we;' tu wjodkï jeä ù we;' tkï ixLHd;aulj .;a l, hqfrdamfhau.ska t,a,jk myrj,a 1930 ;a 1934 ;a w;r muKla ñ,shk 75 l muK m%udKhl jhi wjqreÿld,fha isÿ jQ wd¾Óluh lvd jeàï j,g jvdb;d .eUqre lvd jeàulg fya;=jkq we;s nj o uQ,dY% (Tyq i|yka lrhs' http://www.nytimes.com/2015/ 08/24/opinion/amoveableglut.ht Tyqf.a yqjd±laùï j,g wkqj\" ml?action=click&pgtype=Homep age&module=opinion-c-col-left-r uQ,dY% ( egion&region=opinion-c-col-left- http://projects.wsj.com/econfor region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=0 ecast/#ind=homeprices&r=10 25 g wvq ;reK m%cdj /lshd úhqla;sfhka fmf<a' fuh lsisfia;a wkqu; l< fkdyels nj1' /lshd úhqla;sh b;d by< hdu'2' ksjdi j, jákdlï ;j;a 30] ;a 40] ;a w;r m%udKhlska muK my< nisk w;r miq.sh oYl 4 l ld,hgu jvd jeä wdldrfhka Wlia jákdlï o my< niskq we;' oelua 19

oelua 20

Chase Manhattan Corp Allied Chemicals uQ,dY%Private Investment Co. for Corp.America General Motors http://www.morganstanley.com/whatFirestone Tire & RubberCompany Rockefeller Family wedo/investment-management/Orion Multinational & AssociatesServices Ltd. Chrysler Corp. fï jk úg fndfyduhla hqfrdamSh rgj,aASARCO.Inc Intl' Basic Economy lvd jeàug ,la fjñka mj;S' tA w;r c¾uksh m%n,Southern Peru Copper Corp. fõ' fï jk úg trg jHdmdßl úYajdi o¾YlhCorp. R.H. Macy & Co. wLKavj tl È.g my;g jefgñka mj;S' fï jkIndustrial Minerva Mexico úg trfÜ ld¾ñl ksIamdok 4] lska lvd jeà we;'S.A. Selected Risk tfiau WoaOuk wkqmd;h o fndfyda fia my, neiContinental Corp. Investments S.A. we;' — c¾uka wd¾Ólh ms<sn| ±lau h,s j;dj;a Omega Fund, Inc. w÷re fjñka ;sfí'˜ I.F.O. iNdm;s yekaiaj¾k¾iskaHoneywell Inc. Squibb Corporation m%jD;a;s ksfõokhla ksl=;a lrñka mjid ;snqKs'Northwest Airlines, Inc. Olin Foundation hqfrdamfha ld¾ñl n, uOHia:dkh f,i c¾ukshNorthwestern Bell i,lkq ,enqfõ uyoaùmh wd¾Ól wjmd;fhka thTelephone Co. Mutual Benefit Life f.dv ouk tkaðu f,i h' tA fjkqjg trg wmkhkMinnesota Mining & Mfg Ins. Co. of NJ u; fnfyúka jdre jk wd¾Ólhg c¾uksfha f;jkCo (3M) AT & T úYd,;u fjf<|fmd< jk Ökh n%iS,h jeks BkshAmerican Express Co. Pacific —ke.S tk wd¾Ólhka˜ o wjfYaI hqfrdamh o we;=¿Hewlett Packard Northwestern Bell iuia; f,dalfhau b,a¨u ukao.dó ùu u`.ska j, Co. lmd we;' c¾uksfha fuu n,mEu cd;Ska 18 lskaFMC Corporation BeachviLime Ltd. hqfrda l,dmfha fmdÿ w¾nqofha fldgils'Utah Intl' Inc. Eveleth Expansion Company tfiau krl w;g yefrk w¾nqoh ms<sn|jExxon Corporation Fidelity Union ;j;a i<l=Kla kï iaùvka uy nexl=j fï jk úg Bancorporation fmd,S wkqmd;slh Y=kH olajd my; ±óu h' ßlaiaInternational Cypress Woods nexl=j o 2015 i|yd jk ish j¾Ok mqfrdal:k lmdNickel/Canada Corporation yeÍfha h' iaùvkh\" ialefkaähdkq rgj,a w;r by<Federated Capital Intl' Minerals & u ú/lshd iys; rg h' trg miq.sh udi 24 ka 16 lCorporation Chemical Corp. § u ñ, .Kka my; jefgkq ÿgqfõh' rfÜ WoaOukEquitable Life Assurance Burlington wkqmd;h jir ;=kl u mdfya ßlaia nexl=j 2] lSoc U.S. Industries f,i bÈßm;a fldg ;snQ b,lalhg jvd my;skaFederated Dept Stores Wachovia mej;=Ks' 2013 g jvd Y=kH WoaOukfhka miqj ßlaia Corporation nexl=j fï jir i|yd RK 0'2 l WoaOukGeneral Electric Jefferson Pilot wkqmd;hla wfmaCId lrhs' ì%;dkH —bfldfkdñiaܘ Corporation iÕrdj lshk mßÈ —f,dalfha úYd,;u wd¾ÓlScott Paper Co. R. J. Reynolds .eg¿j-hqfrda l,dmfha wjOukh b;d ióm yd Industries Inc. wka;rdldÍ nj h' —tfia u Ökh o ±ka j¾OkhAmerican Petroleum United States Steel jkafka 2009 fumsg lsis÷ ld,hlg jvd fiñka fõInstitute Corp. hk ldrKh o i|yka fõ' hqfrdamh ;=< u rgj,a 8Richardson Merril Inc. Metropolitan Life l ñ, .Kka my; jefgñka we;' b;d,sh\" Insurance Co. iamd[a[fha yd .%Sisfha WoaOukh mj;skafka Y=kHgMay Department Stores Norton-Simon In jvd my;sks' —Kh nr b;d,sfha isg .%Sish olajdCo. by< k.S\" wdfhdaclhska ;e;s .kakjd we;'Sperry Rand Corporation Stone-Webster Inc. ck;djd§ foaYmd,lhskag jdis ie,fikjd we;'San Salvador ld,hlg miqj fkdj hqfrdaj blaukska ì| jefgkqDevelopment Company Standard Oil of we;'˜ bfldfkdñiaÜ iÕrdj tfia i|yka lrhs' Indiana fï iud.ï ,ehsia;=j ne,Sfï § wmgmeyeÈ,s jkafka f,dal wd¾Ólfha ish¨ u wxYhkatu mjq,a fol ika;lhg /f.k we;s njhs'uQ,dY%(http://forum.prisonplanet.com/index.php?topic=1934.0 oelua 21

f.da,Sh uQ,H w¾nqoh isÿ ù jir 7 la .; uQ,H fj<|fmd<g fodafr.,k ,dN uqo,aù ;snqK o f,dal wd¾Ólh ;sridr m%lD;shl lsis÷ iïmdokh yuqfõ nvcdß nexl= yd m%uqL uQ,Hi,l=Kla fkdfmkajhs' fuhg fya;= ù we;af;a wdh;kj, wdl,amh jkafka —ysre nn,oa§ ydì%;dkH\" b;d,sh\" lekvdj\" c¾uksh\" m%xYh yd hCIhd miq mdohg hoa§ yels;dla f.dv.idcmdkh hk g7 lKavdhï iEu n,jf;l=g u jv .ekSuhs˜ f,dalfha úYd,;u neÿïlr fj<|jvd;a újD; f,i yd wdl%uKYS,S f,i ;ukaf.a wdh;k jk msïfldays m%Odk úOdhl fudfyduâ t,acd;sl wjYH;d ms<sônq lrk kHdh m;%hla fj; whßka uE; yuqjl§ lshd isáfha uy nexl= wmf.afhduq ùug h' —w;scd; ñ;=rka˜ hkqfjks' tlai;a ckmoh mjikafka hqfrda flfia fj;;a 2008 wd¾Ól miqnEfuka miql,dmfha wd¾Ólh m%lD;su;a lsÍug wiu;a ùu fï jk úg hqfrdamSh rgj,a lvd jeà we;' tfiauyd Tjqka flfia fyda ;ukaf.a whjeh lmamdÿj .S%ish w.dOfha mj;S' fï i|yd m%n, rgj,a .Kk,sys,a l<hq;= njg weußldj h<s h<s;a l< b,a,Sï m%dfhda.sl fkdjQ úiÿï yuqfõ kej; 2008 we;s jQj,g weyqïlka§ug wiu;a ùu ms<sn|j f,dal wd¾Ól lvd jeàug jvd m%n, lvd jeàulghqfrdamShhka úfõpkhg ,laúh' we;s bvlv yd tu Èkhka wo fygu fõ' by;ska i|yka jQ tu nqnq¿ we;sùu fï i|yd uQ,sl fya;= nj flfia fj;;a tlai;a ckmoh uQ,H meyeÈ,s fõ' fï i|yd uQ,slju wvq fmd,S wkqmd;m%idrKfha m%uqLhd fkdfõ' weußldkq j,ska wêlj Kh ,nd §u ksid uqof,a jákdlu ySkck.ykfha mq¿,a fldgia flfrys oreKq f,i fõ' tu fkdaÜgq uqo,g jákdlula §ug msgqmiskan,md we;s úhoï lmamdÿj\" ckm;s Tndud lsisÿ fN!;sluh jákdlula fkdue;s ùu wd¾Ólmd,kh úiska ;shqKq lr ;sfí' tfy;a trg l%ufha ÿ¾j, njla f,i wd¾Ól úfYaI{hkai,lkafka hqfrdamSh lmamdÿ ms<sfj;a yd tys fmkajd fohs'm%;sM, jYfhka uyoaùmh mqrd we;s ù ;sfnkmiqnEu tlai;a ckmofha wmkhkhkag yd wd¾Ól ks¾Kh lrk tAlmqoa., wdodhïwd¾Ól j¾Okhkag wjysrhla f,i h' jeks o¾Yl j,ska ndysrj N+;dkh fjk;a o¾Yl fhdod we;''''' hqfrdamfha isák weußldkq úreoaOjdÈhdc¾ukshhs' tu ksid tu n,j;=ka fom< w;r 700 000 l muKla ck.ykhla we;s l=vduwe;af;a WKqiqï hqoaOhls' flfia fj;;a fï jk rdcOdkshla jk N+;dkfha ysud,hka rdcOdkshúg g20 yd g7 iuq¿ uQ,H w¾nqo i|yd lsisÿ muKla Tjqkf.a wdrCIdj i|yd l%uj;a;SrKhla f.k ke;s nj jd¾;d fõ' jevms<sfj,l msysgd lghq;= lrhs' ;u rgjeishkaf.a i;=fgys m%udKh Level of weußldkq nexl=fõ .Kka ne,Sï j,g Happiness u.ska ;ukaf.a rfgys j¾Okh ukskwkqj 2007 mgka f,dalh mqrd uy nexl= úiska tlu rg jkafka N+;dk rdcHhhs'isÿl< fmd,S wkqmd; my; fy,Sï 520 la ;rïisÿj we;' uE; wjÈfha isÿ jQ jvd;a jeo.;a tl i;H jYfhkau rfgys o, cd;sl ksIamdokhkï ´iafÜ%,shdfõ ixÑ; nexl=j ;=< l< wkqmd; trfgys f.da,Sh .sKqï moaO;sh ;=<g we;=<;amy< fy<Suhs' tys ;SrKh ±kqï §fï § i<l=Kq lsÍfï§ tAjdfha Ndú;dlrejka lsisu úgl§j;alf<a ´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,rfha by< w.hhs' ls%hdldrlï i|yd iyfhda.h §ug ñksia mßirfha we;s iSud iys; yelshdj tu .sKqï moaO;s ;=<ska fj<| hqoaOh ms<sn|j ldrKh mfilska bÈßm;a fldg ke;'ì| jeàula we;s l< yels mßÈ kj uQ,H nqnq¿ks¾udKh lrñka uQ,H fj<|fmd<j,a j,g w¨;a wkd.;hla ms<sn| n,dfmdfrd;a;=jfvd,¾ ì,shk ish .Kkska fmdïm lrk uy iu`. ;j;a mfilska ;shqKq wk;=re we`.ùulanexl= j, ft;sydislj fmr fkdjQ úrE lghq;= meñK we;' ls%hdud¾. iu`.ska ;sridr;ajh u;ms<sn|j o lkiai,a, m, fõ' f*vr,a uy nexl= mokï jQ wd¾Ól\" tkï ±kg jvd fyd| uÜgulwêm;s mjid isáfha jeäu wjodkï iys; j;alï ls%hdud¾. flfrys .sKqï moaO;s iy ixj¾ê;m%;s,dN j, jeàula i<l=Kq lrk —wu;r ;;ajhka uekne,Sfï meyeÈ,s kshduk wdh;kwjodkï ±Íu˜ ms<sn|j ;uka wjOdkfhka fuu`.ska ;jÿrg;a wjOdkh fhduql< hq;= njhs'ksÍCIKh lrñka isák njhs' flfia fj;;a uy bÈß wkd.;h flfrys udkqISh ;;ajhla iynexl=fõ m%;sm;a;s u`.ska isÿ jkafka o tjka wjOdkï wvqlr .ekSfï yelshdjla mj;S' wjia:djls%hdldrlï Èß.ekaùuhs' ,nd.ekSfï Yla;sh wm i;=h' m%udo ke; ;ju;a'oelau 22

N+;dkh fuu l;sldjg ls%hd;aul fjñka wka;¾ mqoa., in|;d ;=<ska ÿriaj ;nk nj wmfï jk úg lghq;= lrhs' óg jir 4 lg fmr f;areï.; hq;=h'N+;dk w.ue;s ð.añ ;skaf,a úiska o< cd;sl i;=g iajhx ;Dma;sh fjkqfjka iy ,dN m%fhdack(Gross National Happiness (GNH)) keu;s u; wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu uÕska fkdoekqj;aju fydaixl,amh 1972 § fuu ixl,amh m%;sm;a;shla wm úiska mßirh yd iajNdj fi!kao¾hh úkdYlrf,i y÷kajdfok ,§' N+;dkfha ysgmq rcq ð.añ ouhs' tf,iu wmf.a ixialD;sl Wreuhka foaYSh oekqï iïNdrhka fkdi,lñka Ôj;a ùu ;=< wêljka.apqla (Jigme Singye Wangchuck) úiska kej; jev rdcldß mSvkh we;s ùu ;u ys;dor msßia iuÕia:dms; lrk ,§' úfkdao ùug ld,hla fkdue;s ùu jeks ;;ajhkaf.a h:d¾;hj f;areï .ekSug iy Ôú;h wjfndaO N+;dk rch úiska ;u rfÜ wju jYfhka lr.ekSug Ndjkdjlg iujeÈh hq;= ld,h t<U60] la ks;H jYfhka jkdka;r hgf;a mej;sh we;'hq;= njg iy tys lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdokh 100]ldnksl úhhq;= njg jHjia:dkql+, kS;s rduq tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iuq¿ jd¾;djka ;=,o fuuilik ,§' m%d:ñl jhia j¾;udkh jkúg tys ;;ajhka meyeÈ,sj igyka lsÍu w.h l< hq;=h'wdhq wfmaCIdj mrïmrd folla fo.=K ù we;s tys ixl,amh —i;=g˜ meyeÈ,sj igyka jkafkaw;r orejka 99] la mdi,a wOHdmkh ,nhs' rfgys wd¾Ól ;;ajhka ;=,ska fmr igyka lrk ,o iy ffcj\" foaY.=Ksl fjkiaùï we;s ùu\" mßir f,dalfha j¾;udk ;;ajh ms<sn|j moaO;s úkdYùu\".;sl ùu muKla fkdj' úúO;ajh wvqùu jeks lreKq flfrys wm fl;rï fõ.hlskaN+;dkfha we.hSï jd¾;dj,g tl`. jk Sachs we§ hkafka o ms<sn|j o o¾Ykh jk njhs'úiska ;jÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lrkafka jHdmdßlukiska n,d ,dN bmehSfï mrud¾:fhka isÿ lrk tys meyeÈ,sj igyka jk tl lreKlalghq;= j,ska ±jeka; ;¾ck t,a,úh yels njhs' we;' tkï fuu ñkqï o`vq ;=,ska mdßißl iy iudcTyqf.a ;j;a tl wruqKla jkafka fuu —i;=g˜ m%d.aOkfhys w.h úYd, f,i fkdi,ld yeÍu jekshk ixl,amh tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ;sridr ;;ajho wdodhï iy Okh fn§hdfï úIu;djh fkdi,ld yer we;s njh'ixj¾Okh b,lal (SDGs) ;=<g we;=<;a l<hq;=h hkak fjkqfjka ;¾l lrñka ;j ;j;a iSud fuu ñkqï o`vq ;=,ska iajNdj m%d.aOkhmq¿,a lsÍuh' laIh ùu udkj yd iudc msßjeh ksjerÈ .Kkh flfrkjo hkak ms<sn| j .eg¿ldÍ ;;ajhla we;' f,djmqrd 600lg jeä foaYmd,lhka\" úYaf,aIlhska mjikafka o< foaYSh ksIamdokhwd¾Ól úoHd{hka\" úoaj;=ka yd wdOHd;añl ;jÿrg;a iudc iqnidOkh ms<sn| ñkqï oKa`vlakdhlhka iyNd.s jk tlai;a cd;Skaf.a f,i Ndú;d fkdl, hq;= njh'ixúOdkfha iuq¿j ;=<§\" N+;dkh b;dmeyeÈ,sju ;u .uka ud¾.h iy o¾Ykh kj wd¾Ól o¾Ykhla jk Inclusive WealthmeyeÈ,s lr we;' Indicator ;=,ska meyeÈ,sj o¾Ykh jk lreKla we;' n%iS,fha iy bkaÈhdfõ tAl mqoa., o, foaYShiajdNdúl f,dalh iu`. tluq;=j Ôj;a ùu' ksIamdokh wkqj 2008 isg 1990 olajd tkï o¾YlhLiving in harmony with the natural world ms<sfj,ska 34] la iy 120] la jk njh' m%d.aOk j;alï tfia mj;skafka iajdNdúl m%udKh rgj,a N+;dk rch úiska ;u o¾Ykh f,i fofla olajd jkdka;r j, isg bkaOk yd Lksc øjHf,dalhg fmkajk —i;=g˜ hkq l=ula±hs fufia ysu my; jeàula iuÕ fõ' n%iS,fha th ms<sfj,skaks¾jpkh lr we;' w¾:hg muKla iSud fkdjqKq 46] la iy bkaÈhdfõ 31] la muK wvqùuls'wo ú¢k i;=g fyda fyg ú¢k ÿl .ek is;ñkaw;ayer oud hdhq;= h' tAjd w,a,d .ksñka tAjd ;=, kejqï msúiqula @/£ ,dN mdvq tl f,i ú| ord.ksñka Ôj;aúh A fresh approch ?hq;=h' m%ixid fkdisáh hq;=h' l, hq;= jkafkaixys¢hdjla we;s lr.ksñka iajdNdúl f,dalh N+;dkh úiska l%shd;aul lrk fuuiu`. .efgñka ixialD;sl Wreuhka wdrCId mshjrhka rfgys wd¾Ól moaO;sh iuÕska .eg¿lr.ksñka Ôj;aùuh' ls%hdj,sh ;=< i;=g hk tu j,g ms<shï fiùug kj Ñka;k udj;la ìyslrudkisl uÜgu Tn fj; .,d tkq we;' we;' tf,iu wm Ôj;a jk kùk f,dalh iy oelua 23úúO wd¾Ól moaO;s úiska wm iajNdjO¾uh iy

w¾:dkaú; iy i;=áka msß Ôj;aùfï ysÕ iïm;a j, iS>% wvqùu wju lr.ekSurgdjlg m%úIaG ùug we;s .eg¿ yuqfõ fuu\" i|yd ck;dj fj; fuys jákdlug tA;a;= .ekaúhÑka;k rgdj Wmfhda.S lr.; hq;=h lafIa;% hq;=h' wNHka;ÍlrKh lsÍu ;=<ska fj<|fmd<.Kkdjla we;' tkï w.kdlï ìyslsÍu iy tAjd tkï ndysr;d ;=, we;s j;alï NdKav yd fiajdj¾Okh lr.ekSu iïm%odhsl .=KO¾u j,g ÈhqKq l< tA i|yd .sKqïlrK l%ufõowdOHd;añl .=KO¾u Ndú;hg .ekSu m%{dj tAjdfha w.h iu. ;j;a jákdlula tl;= l,lrd .uka lsÍu Ndú;fhka m%;sm;a;s ilid hq;=h' fuys§ isÿjkafka ñ, .Kka ;=,ska ish¨.ekSu jeks lreKq ldrKd fõ' j;alï iy j.lSï j, ienE iudc msßjeh hq;=h' tuÕska ish¨ NdKav yd fiajd j, ck;dj tA;a;= ;j ÿrg;a fuu ixl,amh bÈßhg f.k .ekaúh ksIamdok yd fnodyeÍï msßjehghdfï§ b;d jeo.;a jkafka ;sridr f.da,Sh mdßißl msßjeho tl;= lrñka iïm;a j,iudchla ìyslsÍu i|yd ksjerÈ iy l%uj;a jákdlu f;areï .ekSug bv ie,eiaúh hq;=h'm%;sm;a;s iy ie,iqï f.dvk.d .ksñka tAjdfhamsysgd lghq;= lsÍuh' ;jÿrg;a fuu l%ufõo ls%hd;aul ùfï § ;sridr fkdjk yeisÍï rgd i|yd o`vqjï lsÍu wOHdmkh ;=,ska ldka;dj iúu;a lsÍu jeks ls%hdud¾. flfryso wjOdkh fhduql< yel'm%cd iúu;a .%dóh wd¾Ólhka i|yd iyfhda.h fjkia lsÍu nÿ jeks È.ld,Sk ie,iqï u; tjeks,nd§u\" mjq,a tAll Yla;su;a lsÍu ;=,ska iudch m%;sm;a;s ielish hq;=h'n,.ekaùu jeks ud¾. Tiafia iudc cd,f.dvke.Su' iduQysl ls%hd;aulùfï jeo.;alu' The need for a collective effort ixialD;shla ìyslsÍu o fuys ;j;aj.lsjhq;= udOH úpCIK iy ks¾udKYS,S rgla f,dalh hkq iuia; mdßißl idOl iyìysl< hq;=h' jeo.;a ixêia:dkhla fõ' udkqISh idOl j, ne£ï j,ska f.dvke.=kq mq¿,a tAllhls' fuys§ lsisfjl=g;a ;ksj Ôj;a ùug fyda mdßißl ;sridr;ajh i|yd lghq;= wka;¾ in|;d fkdue;sj lghq;= lsÍug yelshdjlalsÍuo b;d jeo.;a l¾;jHla fõ' mqk¾ckkSh fkdue;\" fuu ,smsfhys m%Odk WodyrKh f,in,Yla;s yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh wju lsÍfï oelajqKq N+;dkh hkq nqoaO o¾Ykh Tiafial%u jeks ;sridr há;, myiqlï flfrys f.dvke.=kq rdcHhls' fuys§ nqoaO o¾Ykfhawdfhdackh lsÍu fN!;sl iïm;a Ndú;d lsÍfï oelafjk Ôjk rgdjka Tiafia Ôj;a ùu ;=< wmwrmsßueiqï l%ufõo ìyslsÍï l%uo Wmfhda.S fidhk ;sridr meje;au <Õd lr.ekSfï yelshdjlalr.ekSu jeks lghq;= fï i|yd wod< fõ' we;' iudc idOdrK;ajh we;s lsÍu i|yd l< jeo.;a tlu ls%hdud¾.h iduQysljhq;= jkafka idOdrK fj<\ï m%;sm;a;s we;s lsÍu' tldfuka lghq;= lsÍuh' ;sridr wd¾Ól ie,iqïiudc ;=<ska idOdrK;ajh mß;sYsl l%u wdodhu ls%hd;aul l, yelafla iduQysl ls%hdj ;=,ska muKlatl fldgilg muKla .,d hdfï wjia:dj wju nj f,dalhu ms<s.;a iïuq;shla fõ'lsÍu iy wvq wdodhï iys; wd¾Ól fldÜGdifj; kj ;dlaIKh ,nd§u ;=,ska Tjqka ;sridr ;j ÿrg;a wm w;S;h .ek miq ;eúh hq;=ksIamdok rgdjka flfrys yqrelrùu jeks fkdfõ' j¾;udkh ksjerÈ Ndú;d ;=,ska meyeÈ,sWml%ñl Wmdhud¾. Ndú;d lsÍuhs' wkd.;hla f.dvk.d .ekSfï Yla;sh wm i;=j we;' wjYH jkafka ls%hd;aul ùu muKs' m%Odk l;D - à' tia' ðkfiakjeä úia;r i|yd msúfikak - www.facebook.com/dekmauniverse.tk TEL 071 491 10 43 - www.dekmauniverse.tkWEB j¾I 2015 fkdjeïn¾ ui\" wxl 161$1 lsß.ïmuqKqj\" fmd,a.ia´úg ,smskfha msysá m%dKdrCId iudch úiska wxl\" 27 wd`äwïn,u ,smskfha msysá bf,aIka ´*afiÜ wdh;kfha uqøKh lrjd m%isoaO lrk ,§'oelau 24