How It Works Illustrated: History of the World

The French artist Georges Seurat was fascinated by the science behind art. He was particularly curious about how the human eye saw two different colours when they were put close together. In the 1800s, most artists were working with oil paints and mixing the colours they wanted to use, but Seurat was different. He worked with oil paints too, but unlike other artists and their sweeping brush strokes, Seurat simply used dots of paint. He relied on the human eye to blend them together to make different colours when seen from a distance. Learn how to create your own Seurat masterpieces using your felt-tip pens. 01 With your pencil, carefully sketch the outline of the thing you want to draw. Don’t press too hard, because you’ll need to rub it out later. 02 Get your felt-tips and start adding the brightly coloured dots. For really bright areas, you can let more white paper show through. 04 Now all the dots are in, you can rub out the pencil outline. Add a colourful background and any last- minute dots if it needs them. 03 The darker dots are where the shadows fall. Begin adding these, mixing colours as you go. Try to hide as much white paper as you can! 101 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

What was the first train? The fi rst steam train was built in 1804, 25 years later Robert Stephenson built Stephenson’s Rocket . Its design inspired engineers to build the trains you see today Water barrel Coal 102 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Buffer In 1829, a race was held to fi nd the best steam engine in England. The winning locomotive would run on a new railway line between Manchester and Liverpool. An engineer named Robert Stephenson and his father, George, decided to enter their design, the Rocket, into the competition. To their delight, it easily won fi rst place. During the race, Stephenson’s Rocket reached 47 kilometres per hour, at the time this was a great achievement. The other steam engines only had one or two tubes to carry hot gases from the fi rebox to the boiler. The Rocket had 25. This meant that steam could be made much faster, giving more power to the engine. Stephenson’s amazing design changed the way trains were made for ever. Inside the fi rebox were burning coals. These gave off hot gases to heat the water in the boiler. Steam from the boiling water made the piston move up and down. This was connected to the wheels and made them turn. Exhaust gases rose up and out of the chimney. As the Rocket moved, it left behind a trail of smoke. 103 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Discover the biggest , the fastest , the largest and the most deadly vehicles made in the last 100 years What are the most amazing vehicles ever made? 104 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

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What was the first ever… 106 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

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What was the first computer ? The fi rst electronic computer that was able to perform lots of different functions was called ENIAC. It was built in America in 1943, during World War II Crazy computers! It would take ENIAC 2 HOURS to solve a complicated problem that would take a scientist 100 years to answer! Electronics have improved a lot since the 1940s. Now a singing birthday card has the same computing power that ENIAC did. Happy 70th Birthday 108 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Other computers at the time were mechanical and had moving parts like gears. ENIAC was electronic, which made it 1,000 times faster than older machines. The number of times faster an iPad is compared .)?.\" ?‡?,-.? computer 2 million 109 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

What was trench warfare? 100 years ago in World War I , Europe was plunged into war. Modern weapons meant both sides had to dig trenches in the mud for protection 110 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

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What was rationing in World War II? World War II broke out in 1939 and the fi ghting made it hard to bring food into Britain . People had to eat a lot less and food was rationed 112 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

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How did we land on the Moon ? In 1969 , America became the fi rst country to send men to the Moon . They relied on the Saturn V rocket to get them there Each backpack contained 4.5 hours worth of oxygen. The air would be fed into the space suit through connected tubes. 114 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

The Saturn V rocket was 110 metres high, which is the same as 25 double-decker buses stacked on top of each other The number of days it took the Saturn V to travel from Earth to the Moon 4 115 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

How far have we explored? We’ve walked on the Moon and sent robots to Mars , but the furthest thing we’ve sent to space is the Voyager 1 spacecraft at the edge of our Solar System 116 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Humans have travelled to the Moon, rover robots have driven on the surface of Mars, but no one has ever travelled as far as the Voyager 1 probe. This pilotless spacecraft launched in 1977 and is still going. It is remotely controlled from Earth and it sends information back for scientists to study. The distance that Voyager 1 can travel every SECOND – now that’s fast! 17km 117 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

How have things changed? Family life has been transformed in the last 50 years . We eat different food , have different jobs and play different games . Can you spot any more differences? 1955 There were no electronic games or computers in the 50s. Kids played with toys like Lego, dolls and board games, which are still popular today! 118 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

By 1975 different foods were being imported from all over the world. Most families could afford a TV. Toys like this Etch A Sketch were very popular. 20 years later, it was normal for mums to go out to work. Electronic games like Game Boys had been invented, and the internet was on the rise. These days nearly everyone owns a smartphone or an iPad. This means we can connect to the internet anywhere we want! We eat a lot more healthily, too. 1975 1995 T oday Televisions were invented in the 1920s, but they were very expensive. Most families couldn’t afford one. They listened to the ‘wireless’ instead. Most mums didn’t have jobs. They stayed at home to do housework and look after the children. Rationing in the Second World War meant that families had to eat a lot less. Now that war was over, food was plentiful again. 119 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Who can change the world? Lots of people have the power to make a difference to the world we live in. Some of them are rich and powerful , but many are the ordinary folk all around you 120 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

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01 A Tyrannosaurus rex was as heavy as a… Page 26 a. Elephant b. Giraffe c. Blue whale 02 The Greek god of the underworld was called… Page 61 a. Hermes b. Hades c. Brian 03 The ditch around a medieval castle is a… Page 76 a. Well b. Moat c. Dungeon 04 Which country did Christopher Columbus NOT travel to? Page 87 a. Jamaica b. Cuba c. Finland 05 Which of these famous pirates was ‘pistol-proof’ Page 98 a. Blackbeard b. Black Bart c. Long Ben 06 How many men did Billy the Kid murder? Page 96 a. 21 b. 42 c. 12 07 What was the fi rst train called? Page 102 a. The 5.15 b. The Express c. The Rocket 08 The rocket used to land on the Moon was… Page 114 a. Saturn V b. Jupiter X c. Pluto II Pick the right one T he big quiz about everything that ever happened in the world Answers on page 127 122 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Spot the mistakes 01 A fl ying lizard Page 29 P_er _ _o_o_ 02 The roof of an early house Page 43 T_ at _ _ ed 03 A wonder from Ancient Egypt Page 46 S _ _ _ _ x 04 Name for a Roman soldier’s spear Page 64 P_ l _ m 05 The richest man in history Page 74 _a _ s _ M _ _a 06 The king with six wives Page 90 H _ _ r _ Fill in the blanks This Roman chariot has borrowed 3 items from another time in history. Can you spot the things he shouldn’t have? Follow the clues to complete the words 123 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

01 What are the two types of planet? Page 21 02 Who was buried inside an Egyptian pyramid? Page 50 03 What did woolly mammoths mostly eat? Page 37 04 Who was the Persian Empire’s greatest leader? Page 44 05 What type of mice did Romans eat for a snack? Page 66 06 What’s the proper name for a samurai sword? Page 79 07 Who built his own telescope? Page 83 08 How did Henry VIII’s second wife die? Page 91 09 What was the fi rst videogame console called? Page 107 10 What year was the fi rst Moon landing? Page 114 Do you know? Test what you’ve learned! All the answers to the questions below can be found in this issue. 124 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Word hunt Can you fi nd the ten words from the history of the world hidden in the grid below? D D S Q V K D U L Y H M D C P I R A T E K M E N T F R X A N C B E U O P O U T L A W E O G H I J S E N F R M T U B S C H A Y A P A O E U I H C A S T L E M O R U N R O D E U Z P K H U C D T C O N I N R S C H A R I O T H T S N O U T R L S A N A T D C V P T D V T S S I G O D H I V E N V P L P X C A H C N T K S F P T A T C A N O G O Y Y U P O W T S L P T G Z S S F C 125 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Out of order Can you number these objects 1, 2, 3 and 4 in historical order? Astronaut Roman soldier Wild West outlaw Pirate Saturn V Roman chariot Stephenson’s Rocket Wright Flyer Mansa Musa I Henry VIII Butch Cassidy Bill Gates Iron Age house Pyramid Modern house Medieval castle Buildings Jobs Vehicles Famous People 126 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Answers Email your answer to... [email protected] Get the answer in the next issue of How It Works Illustrated Un-muddle the name Pick the right one 1.A, 2.B, 3.B, 4.C, 5.B, 6.A, 7.C, 8.A Out of time He’s wearing sunglasses There’s a wing mirror on the chariot The wheels have tyres Fill in the blanks 1. Pteranodon 2. Thatched 3. Sphinx 4. Pilum 5. Mansa Musa 6. Henry Do you know... 1. Rocky and gas 2. A pharaoh or king 3. Grass 4. Darius I 5. Dormice 6. Katana 7. Leonardo Davinci 8. She was beheaded 9. Magnavox Odyssey 10. 45 Word search Out of order Buildings 1. Pyramid 2. Iron Age house 3. Medieval castle 4. Modern house Jobs 1. Roman soldier 2. Pirate 3. Wild West outlaw 4. Astronaut Vehicles 1. Roman chariot 2. Stephenson’s rocket 3. Wright Flyer 4. Saturn V People 1. Manu Mansa 2. Henry 3. Butch Cassidy 4.Bill Gates D D S Q V K D U L Y H M D C P I R A T E K M E N T F R X A N C B E U O P O U T L A W E O G H I J S E N F R M T U B S C H A Y A P A O E U I H C A S T L E M O R U N R O D E U Z P K H U C D T C O N I N R S C H A R I O T H T S N O U T R L S A N A T D C V P T D V T S S I G O D H I V E N V P L P X C A H C N T K S F P T A T C A N O G O Y Y U P O W T S L P T G Z S S F C REWARD Un-muddle the name on this wanted poster to reveal the outlaw and claim your reward! 127 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Subscribe to today and save up to 50% * Loved this issue of How It Works Illustrated? Well, it’s just the start of an amazing collection of incredible stories and trivia. Every travel- sized issue will include spectacular artwork and be dedicated to one of the world’s favourite topics, from space to Ancient Rome. So what are you waiting for? Subscribe now! Save up to 50% * 128 WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Start collecting today ORDER NOW www.imaginesubs.co.uk/HIWillustrated Call 0844 322 1260 or +44 (0) 1795 414 685 overseas Please quote offer code PAL143Q Future issues include O Ancient Rome O Your Everyday World O Kings & Queens O Medieval Times O Space Exploration Ancient Egypt O O Incredible Oceans The Tudors O O Earth & The Natural Wonders O Amazing Science O Dinosaurs Each issue is dedicated to a different fascinating topic Detailed, colourful cutaways & illustrations that explain exactly how things work Everything you love about learning in one magazine *This offer entitles new UK direct debit subscribers to pay just £21 every six issues saving 50% off the cover price. Offer code PAL143Q must be quoted to receive this special subscription price. New subscriptions will start from the next available issue. Subscribers can cancel this subscription at any time. Details of the direct debit guarantee are available on request. This offer expires 30th September 2014. Imagine Publishing reserves the right to limit this type of offer to one per household. WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

1300 13 Magazine team Editor in Chief Dave Harfi eld Senior Art Editor Helen Harris Photographer James Sheppard Publishing Director Aaron Asadi Head of Design Ross Andrews Education Consultant Godfrey Hall Contributors Ben Biggs, Erlingur Einarsson, Alicea Francis, Jamie Frier, Jack Griffi ths, Sarah Harrison, James Hoare, Jack Parsons, Jackie Snowden, Jodie Tyley, Tim Williamson Cover images The Art Agency, Joe Cummings, DK Images, Jean-Michel Girard, Ian Jackson, Look and Learn, Peter Scott, Thinkstock Photography Alamy, Corbis, DK Images, NASA, Look and Learn, Thinkstock All copyrights and trademarks are recognised and respected. Illustration The Art Agency, Ed Crooks, Joe Cummings, Kevin February, Jean-Michel Girard, Ian Jackson, Peter Scott, Dave Smith, Sally Jane Thompson Advertising Digital or printed media packs are available on request. Head of Sales Hang Deretz 01202 586442 [email protected] International How It Works is available for licensing. Contact the International department to discuss partnership opportunities. Head of International Licensing Cathy Blackman +44 (0) 1202 586401 [email protected] Subscriptions [email protected] For all subscription enquiries 0844 322 1260 Overseas +44 (0) 1795 414 685 Email: [email protected] 13 issue subscription (UK) – £45 13 issue subscription (Europe) – £55 13 issue subscription (USA) – £55 13 issue subscription (ROW) – £65 Circulation Head of Circulation Darren Pearce 01202 586200 Production Production Director Jane Hawkins 01202 586200 Founders Group Managing Director Damian Butt Group Finance and Commercial Director Steven Boyd Printing & Distribution Wyndeham Heron, The Bentall Complex, Colchester Road, Heybridge, Maldon, Essex, CM9 4NW Distributed in the UK, Eire & the Rest of the World by: Marketforce, Blue Fin Building, 110 Southwark Street, London, SE1 0SU 0203 148 3300 www.marketforce.co.uk Distributed in Australia by: Network Services (a division of Bauer Media Group), Level 21 Civic Tower, 66-68 Goulburn Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia + 61 2 8667 5288 © Imagine Publishing Ltd 2014 ISSN 2055-7078 Imagine Publishing Ltd Richmond House, 33 Richmond Hill, Bournemouth, Dorset, BH2 6EZ +44 (0) 1202 586200 Web www.imagine-publishing.co.uk www.howitworksdaily.com www.greatdigitalmags.com Disclaimer The publisher cannot accept responsibility for any unsolicited material lost or damaged in the post. All text and layout is the copyright of Imagine Publishing Ltd. Nothing in this magazine may be reproduced in whole or part without the written permission of the publisher. All copyrights are recognised and used specifi cally for the purpose of criticism and review. Although the magazine has endeavoured to ensure all information is correct at time of print, prices and availability may change. This magazine is fully independent and not affi liated in any way with the companies mentioned herein. If you submit material to Imagine Publishing via post, email, social network or any other means, you automatically grant Imagine Publishing an irrevocable, perpetual, royalty-free licence to use the material across its entire portfolio, in print, online and digital, and to deliver the material to existing and future clients, including but not limited to international licensees for reproduction in international, licensed editions of Imagine products. Any material you submit is sent at your risk and, although every care is taken, neither Imagine Publishing nor its employees, agents or subcontractors shall be liable for the loss or damage. WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

Collect every issue and create your own unique and comprehensive learning library A different, fascinating topic every month… Next issue on sale 28 August WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net

HISTORY OF THE WORLD Prehistoric Earth Early humans Ancient civilisations The modern world Collect every issue and create your own unique and comprehensive learning library Kings & queens The Industrial Revolution A complete guide to everything that’s ever happened in the world! WorldMags.net WorldMags.net WorldMags.net