Health Science Body Systems Flipbook Major Grade

Health Science Body Systems Digital Flipbook Kent Hikima 2B, Kuberski

Table of Contents 1) Integumentary 2) Musculoskeletal 3) Nervous 4) Special Senses 5) Cardiovascular 6) Respiratory 7) Digestive 8) Urinary 9) Reproductive

Integumentary System: The skin Key terms: Overall function: - derm/o, dermat/o The skin The integumentary system acts as the barrier - kerat/o Horny tissue/outermost layer against pathogens, retain body fluids and maintain - xer/o dryness temperature - xanth/o yellowness - erythr/o red blood cell - pedicu/o lice - onych/o nail - myc/o fungus - pil/o hair - lip/o fat, lipid - rhytid/o wrinkle - albin/o white, deficient, pigmentation

10 Vocab words 4 Abnormal Integumentary system conditions 1) Skin The outermost layer of the body that acts as the primary protection 1) Acne Infected sebaceous glands 2) Hair Thin strands that help aid with the 2) Hives Rash of skin reacting to certain foods or protection 3) Nails A horny covering on the surface of etc. fingers for protection 3) Cold Sores Infection around the lips 4) Keragin Fibrous protein that forms on 4) Eczema Inflamed patches of skin the hair 5) Dermis Layer of skin under the 2 Health Care Careers related epidermis and above the subcutaneous layer - Dermatologist -One who studies the skin 6) Epidermis Uppermost layer of the skin - Esthetician -Skin care specialist 7) Sweat Glands Tubular structures that produce sweat 8) Subcutaneous Layer Innermost layer of the skin 9) Eczema Inflamed patches of skin 10) Acne Infected or inflamed sebaceous gland in the skin

Musculoskeletal System Key Terms Overall Function: Support the body, provide protection, allow movement and contractions. 1) my/o Muscle 2) myel/o Spinal Cord 3) oste/o Bone 4) cost/o Ribs 5) crani/o Cranium 6) -pexy Fixation 7) chondr/o Resembling cartilage 8) arthr/o Joint 9) -plegia Paralysis 10) kinesi/o Motion

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Musculoskeletal system conditions 1) Smooth muscle Type of 1) Plantar fasciitis Inflammation of the plantar involuntary muscle 2) Skeletal muscle Voluntary fascia muscle attached to bone 2) Spasm Involuntary sudden movement or 3) Muscle fibers Long slender cells grouped by connective tissue compulsive muscle contraction 4) Fascia A band or sheet of fibrous 3) Osteopenia Bone deficiency tissue that encloses a muscle or 4) Osteoporosis Condition of small holes in bones group of muscles 5) Ligament Fibrous tissue that 2 Healthcare careers related connects bone to bone 6) Amputation Removal of a limb, 1) Chiropractor -treats illness and injury in the usually surgical neuromusculoskeletal system 7) Arthrocentesis Surgical puncture of the joint space with a needle 2) Sports medicine physician -treats and prevents to remove accumulated fluid sports related injuries of bones, joints, and 8) Arthrodesis Surgical muscles immobilization of joint 9) Arthroplasty Surgical repair of a joint 10) Bone grafting Process of transplanting and implanting tissue from one part of the body to another

Nervous System Overall Function: Key Terms Control the body and the communication throughout 1) neur/o Nerve 2) encephal/o Brain 3) myl/o Spinal Cord 4) ambul/o Walking 5) -esthesia Nervous; Sensation 6) mening/o Meninges 7) psych/o Mind 8) concuss/o Shaken

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Nervous system conditions 1) Neurons Fundamental cells of 1) Alzheimer’s disease: A form of dementia the nervous system 2) Sensory Neurons Conduct resulting from atrophy of the frontal and electrical signals from various occipital lobes of the brain parts of the body to the brain and 2) Astrocytoma: Tumor of the neuroglial tissue the spinal cord 3) Aura: A subjective sensation that often occurs 3) Motor Neurons Receive electrical before a migraine or seizure impulses from the brain and 4) Bell’s palsy: Unilateral paralysis of the nerves spinal cord and communicate that control the facial muscles these impulses to other parts of 2 Healthcare careers related the body 4) Nerves Bundles of fibers made of 1) Physician Anesthesiologist neurons A doctor who administers general anesthesia 5) Myelin Sheath made up of fats or an anesthetic to patients before surgery and proteins 6) Axon Terminals Where the 2) Neurosurgeon branched out Axons end A physician who specializes in treating 7) Synapse: The contact point in diseases and conditions of the nervous system which one neuron communicates with another 8) Synaptic Cleft: A microscopic gap between two neurons 9) Neurotransmitters: Pass neural impulses from one neuron to another 10) CNS: Comprises of the brain and spinal cord

The special senses Overall function: Key Terms To detect and monitor stimuli and send messages through the nervous system to the brain. 1) irid/o Iris 2) -cusis Hearing We see through our eyes, smell with our noses, 3) -opia Vision listen with our ears, taste with our tongue, and touch 4) ot/o Ear with our skin 5) tympan/o Tympanic membrane (eardrum) 6) opthalm/o Eye 7) -metry Process of measuring

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Special Senses conditions 1) Conjunctiva: Clear colorless mucous 1) Amblyopia: Impaired vision in one or both eyes membrane that rests on the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of resulting from a developmental deficiency in the eyeball early childhood 2) Sclera: Fibrous outer layer of the 2) Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelid, resulting eye that maintains the eye’s shape in redness, swelling, and crusting along the and protects the delicate inner eyelid layers of the tissue 3) Cataract: Clouding of the lens that results in 3) Cornea: The transparent outer decreased visual acuity; caused by portion of the sclera, protects the accumulation of protein in the lens iris and pupil and provides most of 4) Chalazion: A small, hard, cystic mass on the the optical power of the eye eyelid caused by a blocked oil gland 4) Choroid: The blood rich tunic of the 2 Healthcare careers related eyeball 1) Optometrist: One who specializes in the eye 5) Iris: The pigmented muscular layer 2) Audiologist: A specialist who works with that surrounds the pupil hearing, balance, and related disorders 6) Pupil: The black circular opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye 7) Lens: The clear, curved, flexible structure that focus images on the retina 8) Ciliary Body: Holds and encapsulates the lens in place 9) Aqueous Humor: Clear watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the lens 10) Vitreous Humor: Clear gel-like substance in the posterior chamber of the eye

The Cardiovascular system Key Terms Overall function: 1) cardi/o Heart The main function of the cardiovascular system is 2) angi/o Vessel to maintain blood flow to all parts of the body and 3) hem/o, hemat/o Blood back 4) Brady- Slow 5) Tachy- Fast 6) thromb/o Blood Clot 7) -emia Blood condition 8) leuk/o White Blood Cells 9) erythr/o Red Blood Cell 10) arteri/o Artery

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Cardiovascular system conditions 1) Heart: Hollow muscular contractile 1) Cardiovascular disease; Heart disease organ situated in the thoracic organ 2) Coronary artery disease: Damage or disease in 2) Apex: The lowest part of the exterior of the heart the hearts major blood vessels 3) Pericardium: a fibroserous sac 3) High Blood Pressure: Condition in which the 4) Pericardial Cavity: space between the pericardium and the epicardium force of blood against the artery walls are too 5) Epicardium: A serous layer that high forms the innermost layer of the 4) Cardiac Arrest: Sudden unexpected loss of pericardium heart function, breathing and consciousness 6) Myocardium: A layer of cardiac 2 Healthcare careers related muscle that makes up the middle of 1) Cardiologists: Doctors who specialize in the heart diagnosing and treating diseases or conditions 7) Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart that lines the four chambers and 2) Cardiothoracic surgeon: perform surgery on the covers the valves of the heart heart and chest 8) Septum: A dividing wall or enclosure 9) Aorta: Largest artery in the body 10) Arteriole: SMall artery

The Respiratory System Key Terms Overall function: 1) bronch/o Bronchus The main function of the respiratory system is to 2) cyan/o Blue allow us to breathe and exchange cO2 with O2 3) laryng/o Larynx 4) -oxia Oxygen 5) Oxy- Swift 6) pleur/o Pleura 7) pneum/o Lung 8) pulmon/o Lung 9) thorac/o Chest 10) trache/o Trachea

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Respiratory system conditions 1) Nasal Cavity: Filters, warms, and 1) Apnea: Temporary interruption of breathing humidifies inhaled air 2) Bradypnea: Condition of slower than normal 2) Pharynx: The throat 3) Larynx: The voice box breathing 4) Trachea: Allows air travel to and 3) Cheyne-stokes respiration: Unusual breathing from the lungs 5) Bronchi: Serve as a passageway for pattern characterized by periods of apnea air inside the lungs where fresh 4) Dyspnea: Difficult or painful breathing oxygen and harmful carbon dioxide are exchanged 2 Healthcare careers related 6) Ventilation: The process by which 1) Respiratory Therapist: Cares for patients who air moves into and out of the lungs 7) Respiration: The process of gas suffer from health conditions and diseases that exchange affect their breathing 8) External Respiration: The exchange 2) Pulmonologist: A medical doctor who of oxygen and carbon dioxide diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases between the atmosphere and the of the lungs and the cardiopulmonary system cells of the body 9) Internal Respiration: Gas exchange at the cellular and tissue levels 10) Inspiration: Breathing in

The Digestive System Key Terms Overall function: 1) Cholecyst/o Gallbladder The main function of the digestive system is to 2) Enter/o Intestines digest and absorb nutrients from the food eaten 3) Col/o Colon 4) Hepat/o Liver 5) Gastr/o Stomach 6) Or/o Mouth 7) -pepsia Digestion 8) Chole/o Bile, Gall 9) Proct/o Anus

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Respiratory system conditions 1) Ingestion: Intake of food and 1) Anal fistula: An abnormal tube like passageway liquids in the body 2) Digestion: Breakdown of food that forms between the anus and the skin 3) Bile: Yellowish brown fluid secreted 2) Anorexia Nervosa: Condition involving self by liver to break down fatty foods 4) Duodenum: Where absorption deprivation of food and pathological weight begins loss 5) Absorption: Process where valuable 3) Appendicitis: Inflammation of appendix nutrients leave the digestive tract 4) Bulimia: Gorging with food and then purging 6) Elimination: Solid waste collects in 2 Healthcare careers related large intestine and is secreted 1) Gastroenterologist: A physician who through the anus specializes in diseases and conditions of the 7) Oral Cavity: Area in the mouth digestive system 8) Labia: Lips; opening of mouth 2) Dentist: Specializes in the diagnosis of, 9) Hard Palate: Anterior of the roof prevention, and treatment of conditions and diseases of the mouth and gums 10) Soft Plate: Posterior of the roof

The Urinary System Overall function: Key Terms The function of the urinary system is to filter blood and get rid of the waste produced in the form of 1) -cele Hernia urine 2) -lysis Breakdown 3) cyst/o Urinary Bladder; Cyst 4) nephr/o Kidney 5) ren/o Kidney 6) -uria Urination; Condition of urine 7) -pexy FIxation 8) -ectasis Dilation; Widening 9) pyel/o Renal

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Respiratory system conditions 1) Filtration: Separation of metabolic 1) Dysuria: Difficult or painful urination waste from blood 2) Enuresis: Involuntary discharge of urine 2) Urinary Tract: Body’s plumbing 3) Glycosuria: Condition in which carbohydrates system 3) Kidneys: Bean shaped organs or sugars are excreted in the urine 4) Urination: Discharge of urine 4) Hematuria: Condition in which blood or blood 5) Renal Cortex: Outer layer of the kidney cells are excreted in the urine 6) Renal Artery: Carries blood from 2 Healthcare careers related heart to kidneys and back 1) Dialysis Technician: Operates machines that 7) Nephron: Basic Structural and remove metabolic waste products and excess functional unit of the kidney fluids from the blood of a patient whose 8) Bowman’s capsule: A membrane kidneys aren’t functioning properly that surrounds the glomerulus 2) Urologist: Physician who specializes in 9) Glomerulus: Cluster of capillaries diseases of the urinary system and teh male’s reproductive tract 10) Renal Tubule: Part of the Nephron containing tubular fluid

The Reproductive system Key Terms Overall function: 1) cervic/o Cervix The main function of the reproductive system is to 2) salping/o Fallopian tube create sperm and egg cell, transport them, and 3) ov/o Egg nurture them. 4) orchid/o Testis 5) oophor/o Ovary 6) men/o Menstruation 7) mamm/o Breast 8) gynec/o Woman;female 9) colp/o Vagina 10) prostat/o Prostate gland

10 Vocab Words 4 Abnormal Respiratory system conditions 1) Conception: Fertilization of the 1) Anorchia: Congenital absence of one or both ovum 2) Sperm: Male gametes testes 3) Gametes: Sex cells 2) Azoospermia: Absence of sperm in the semen 4) Scrotum: A sac like pouch of the 3) Candidiasis: Infection of the skin or membrane skin that hangs between the male’s thighs and encloses, protects, and species of candida supports the testes 4) Cervical Cancer: Malignant tumor of the cervix 5) Testes: Testicles 6) Ovaries: Where ova are produced and the second most common cancer in 7) Ova: Eggs women 8) Follicles: Fluid filled sacs to keep the ova safe until they mature Two healthcare careers related 9) Ovulation: When an ovum fully 1) Surgical Technician: Assists surgeons and matures nurses in the operating room 10) Estrogen: A type of hormone 2) OB/GYN: Medical specialist who provides healthcare for women in pregnancy. A gynecologist is a specialist who focuses on the care of the female reproductive organ and treatment of associating disorders