Colby P - Social Studies 30-2 (Final Project)

Ideology Magazine Created by : Colby Pitt

Collectivism What does it mean? - Collectivism in cultural terms refers to a culture that privileges family and community over individuals. For example, children in collectivist societies are likely to take care of elderly parents if they fall ill and will change their own plans in the event of a family emergency. - Collectivism is a value that is characterized by emphasis on cohesiveness among individuals and prioritization of the group over the self.

Communism Communism is a philosophical, social, political and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of a communist society, namely a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

What is communism/marxism? - Marxism considers itself to be the embodiment of scientific socialism, but it does not model an ideal society based on the design of intellectuals, whereby communism is seen as a state of affairs to be established based on any intelligent design. Concepts of communism/marxism - The communist system would succeed capitalism as humanity's mode of production through workers' revolution. According to Marxian crisis theory, communism is not an inevitability, but an economic necessity. Why this ideology evolved - In its modern form, communism grew out of the socialist movement in 19th-century Europe. As the Industrial Revolution advanced, socialist critics blamed capitalism for the misery of the proletariat—a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often-hazardous conditions.

Leader of communism from the past - (Vladimir Lenin) Who was he? - He served as the head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party Marxist–Leninist state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. What does communism provide for people today? - Today, the existing communist states in the world are in China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam. These communist states often do not claim to have achieved socialism or communism in their countries but to be building and working toward the establishment of socialism in their countries.

Socialism Socialism is a political, social and economic philosophy encompassing a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production. It includes the political theories and movements associated with such systems.

What is utopian socialism? - Socialism achieved by the moral persuasion of capitalists to surrender the means of production peacefully to the people. - Utopian socialism is the term often used to describe the first current of modern socialism and socialist thought as exemplified by the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Étienne Cabet, and Robert Owen. Why this ideology evolved - The history of socialism has its origins in the 1789 French Revolution and the changes which it brought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. By 1968, the prolonged Vietnam War (1959–1975) gave rise to the New Left, socialists who tended to be critical of the Soviet Union and social democracy.

Leader of utopian socialism from the past - (Charles Fourier) Who was he? - François Marie Charles Fourier was a French philosopher, an influential early socialist thinker and one of the founders of utopian socialism. Some of Fourier's social and moral views, held to be radical in his lifetime, have become mainstream thinking in modern society. What is deomacratic socialism? - Is a political philosophy supporting political democracy within a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy and workers' self-management within a market socialist economy or some form of a decentralised planned socialist economy.

What does democratic socialism gives people today? - North Korea which is the world's most totalitarian state is another prominent example of a socialist economy. Like Cuba, North Korea has an almost entirely state-controlled economy, with similar social programs to those of Cuba. There is no stock exchange in North Korea either.

Liberalism What does it mean? - Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. - Willingness to respect or accept behaviour or opinions different from one's own; openness to new ideas. - A political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise.

What is modern liberalism? (Where does it exist today?) - Modern liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States. It combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy. According to Ian Adams, all major American parties are \"liberal and always have been. - Modern liberalism includes issues such as same-sex marriage, reproductive and other women's rights, voting rights for all adult citizens, civil rights, environmental justice and government protection of the right to an adequate standard of living.

What is a mixed economy? (What does it do for people?) - A mixed economic system is a system that combines aspects of both capitalism and socialism. A mixed economic system protects private property and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims.

Individualism What does it mean? - Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology and social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. - The habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant. - A social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

Conservatism Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the traditional values or practices of the culture and civilization in which it appears.

Why did Conservatism evolve? - It was amid the perceived political chaos of Europe that capitalism flourished. The very facets of medieval European life that today would be frowned on were necessary for the rise of capitalism. It evolved because it was free to evolve; its rules and principles were discovered, not imposed.

What is capitalism/classical liberalism? - Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, a price system, private property and the recognition of property rights, voluntary exchange and wage labor. - Classical liberalism is a political ideology and a branch of liberalism that advocates civil liberties under the rule of law with an emphasis on economic freedom.

Leader from the past - (Adam Smith) Who was he? - Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy, and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment, also known as ''The Father of Economics'' or ''The Father of Capitalism''. - He believed that government had an important role to play. Like most modern believers in free markets, Smith believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights to encourage inventions and new ideas.

Fascism Fascism is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society and of the economy which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

How did Facism evolve? - Fascism was founded during World War I by Italian national syndicalists who drew upon both left-wing organizational tactics and right-wing political views. The accommodation of the political right into the Italian Fascist movement in the early 1920s created internal factions within the movement.

Leader from the past - (Adolf Hitler) Who was he? - Adolf Hitler was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party. He rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then as Führer in 1934. During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. - The Nazi government that ruled under Adolf Hitler between 1933 and 1945 was a fascist government. Fascism is a far-right theory of government that opposes the political philosophies of the Enlightenment and the 19th century, including democratic liberalism, communism, and socialism.

Where does fascism exist in the world today? - It still exists in the world today in many places, there are still small groups of nazis who have swastika tattoos but it is not as severe as it was before.