Ke-chuyen-danh-nhan-viet-nam-tap-4-danh-nhan-van-hoa-viet-nam

["B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Tem k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao (2001) \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o do \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cC\u00e1c anh \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbch h\u1eadu v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Ri\u00eang Nam Cao th\u00ec hy v\u1ecdng d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 anh \u1ea5p \u1ee7 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 con sau hai n\u0103m xa c\u00e1ch. Khi \u0111\u00f2 t\u1edbi C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e0i (x\u00e3 Gia T\u00e2n) c\u00e1c anh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf b\u00f3t Ho\u00e0ng \u0110an, ng\u00e3 ba s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m Non N\u01b0\u1edbc Ninh B\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang n\u1ed1ng sang Gia Vi\u1ec5n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i r\u00fat v\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, 29\/10\/1951, m\u1ed9t trung \u0111\u1ed9i Com-m\u0103ng-\u0111\u00f4 g\u1ed3m l\u00ednh \u00c2u Phi v\u00e0 l\u00ednh d\u00f5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf t\u1ea1i M\u01b0\u1ee1u Gi\u00e1p v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, c\u00f3 cha x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ec7 s\u0129 b\u1ea3o an. Kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i chi\u1ec1u, tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eafng \u1ea5m, b\u00e0 con n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u b\u1ebfn r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ee9 lao qua M\u01b0\u1ee1u Gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eaby n\u00f3n b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2 quay l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 quan, t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00e0 con v\u1eaby ch\u00e0o m\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u00e2u. B\u1ecdn \u00c2u Phi v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang 200","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM l\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2, b\u00ed m\u1eadt lao ra b\u1eaft g\u1ecdn. \u0110\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ecbch, ta v\u1ed9i quay mui \u0111\u00f2 ch\u1ea1y. Gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn theo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft g\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nam Cao \u0111em v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 huy s\u1edf t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb V\u1eadn (l\u00e0ng M\u01b0\u1ee1u Gi\u00e1p) \u0111\u1ec3 tra t\u1ea5n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3\u201d(1). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, 30\/11\/1951, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110an, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn Nam Cao c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y b\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 th\u1edd M\u01b0\u1ee1u Gi\u00e1p r\u1ed3i n\u00e9m x\u00e1c xu\u1ed1ng ao. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta m\u1edbi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u1edbt x\u00e1c \u0111em ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1eed t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y khi vi\u1ebft Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o, Nam Cao \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd khi m\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0ng V\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i (x\u00e3 Gia Xu\u00e2n, huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng \u0110an - Ninh B\u00ecnh) c\u00f3 th\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3! Ng\u00e0y 21\/12\/1951 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, H\u1ed9i V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Huy T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00e1i ch\u1ebft anh d\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Nam Cao v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tang cho gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng con g\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao b\u00ean di \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed1 (1) Ngh\u0129 ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 Nam Cao - nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n -1992, trang 254. 201","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m b\u00ean m\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eeba n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng anh d\u0169ng, c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d. D\u00f9 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i 40, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i. V\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00ean phim v\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. B\u1ed9 phim L\u00e0ng V\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Khoa \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang trong d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Kim L\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai l\u00e3o H\u1ea1c, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 B\u00f9i C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c L\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3ng vai Th\u1ecb N\u1edf... v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n ch\u00e8o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o l\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1t Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng trong h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c 1999. Trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, T\u1ec9nh \u1ee7y H\u00e0 Nam c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i UNESCO Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a c\u1eed cao \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cT\u00ecm l\u1ea1i Nam Cao\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p khi khai m\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 306 t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang huy\u1ec7n Gia Vi\u1ec5n (Ninh B\u00ecnh). 202","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1998, Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t, so s\u00e1nh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3, chi\u1ec1u cao, m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t... \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n li\u1ec7t s\u0129 Nam Cao. Ng\u00e0y 18\/1\/1998, l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an t\u00e1ng Nam Cao t\u1ea1i \u201cKhu v\u01b0\u1eddn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c Nam Cao\u201d ngay tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00f2a H\u1eadu, L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n, H\u00e0 Nam c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafc, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng trang vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nam Cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trang v\u0103n \u1ea5y m\u00e3i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. 203","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u1eebng danh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel v\u1eabn \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m vinh d\u1ef1 to l\u1edbn. Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y do nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ed1t m\u00ecn Alfred Nobel (1833 - 1896), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, theo di ch\u00fac l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ai trong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a A. Nobel l\u00e0 33 tri\u1ec7u couronne \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng do Ch\u00ednh Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n (1917-1993) l\u00fd. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 10\/12\/1901, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 10\/12 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1ea1i ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel - nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u0103m 1964 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Jean Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980) - ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc 204","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1eebng l\u1eaby, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 J.P.Sartre, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950 t\u1ea1i Paris. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o, sinh ng\u00e0y 29\/6\/1917 t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 Song Th\u00e1p, huy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb S\u01a1n (B\u1eafc Ninh). N\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i, sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o sang Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 1939, \u00f4ng thi \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ed1 d\u2019Ulm (Paris) - l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1944, khi ph\u00e1t-x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng Bagn\u00e8re de Bigorre v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch. N\u0103m 1942, \u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Cao h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Husserl\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sorbonne v\u1ec1 \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Husserl\u201d(1) Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 2 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda chi\u1ebfn tranh. V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nguy ng\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn c\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng? C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y ch\u1eef n\u0103m 1987, \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft: (1) Edmund Husserl (1859 - 1938): Tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfm (1887) v\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (1891) \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn (psychologism) - m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111a ph\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi t\u00e2m l\u00fd, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n... C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn (1900), Nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00dd th\u1ee9c Th\u1eddi gian N\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (1905), C\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn Thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay (1913), Nh\u1eefng suy ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Descartes (1931)... \u201cEdmund Husserl c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. C\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Husserl c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tinh vi c\u1ee7a Husserl v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 Heidegger, Sartre v\u00e0 Merleau Ponty \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Husserl \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Husserl, v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng khoa h\u1ecdc ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u201d (H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc - Ted Honderich ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean - L\u01b0u V\u0103n Hy d\u1ecbch - NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin - 2003, tr. 503). 205","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u201cTh\u00e1ng 12\/1944: L\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Avignon, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho ng\u00e0y mai l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 Th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh Avignon, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 u\u1ef7 vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. V\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1945 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Maurice Thorez t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Do s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chung: \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng Maurice Thorez h\u1ee9a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p qua c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0nh cho T\u1ed5ng li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Th\u00e1ng 9\/1945 nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e1o ch\u00ed h\u00f4 h\u00e0o \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd Le monde (Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: M\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9?\u201d - T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cPh\u1ea3i n\u1ed5 s\u00fang\u201d. L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho t\u00f4i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng lO \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12\/1945 v\u00ec \u201cm\u01b0u h\u1ea1i an ninh n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n\u201d. Trong khi t\u00f4i b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef, b\u00e1o L\u2019humanit\u00e9 (B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C.S Ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho t\u00f4i. Maurice Merleau Ponty, t\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tenp modernes (Th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. \u1ede ph\u1ed1 Ulm c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chia r\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n 206","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM sinh \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho t\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Sartre, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0110\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e3 tham gia cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t-x\u00edt, c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Sau nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Husseerl, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Heidegger (1) n\u00ean h\u1ecd xa r\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc sinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng vi\u1ec7c giam gi\u1eef t\u00f4i, gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 na\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec do d\u1ef1 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u2019Union Francaise (Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p). S\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t chi b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t ra\u201d. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee5 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb giam bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp trong x\u00e0 lim Prison de la Sant\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Sant\u00e9 thi t\u1eadp, th\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 n\u00e0y, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc; v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gay g\u1eaft gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn sang ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. N\u0103m 1946, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u1ea9y l\u1eeda \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Le temps modernes, La Pens\u00e9e... ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00fac Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh sang Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. G\u1eb7p Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi vi\u1ebft xong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. Khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u1eafp t\u00e2m quay l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p (CNRS) v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201cPh\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t ph\u00e2n (1) Martin Heidegger (1889 - 1976): Tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh... T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u1edf Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (1912), H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n trong Thuy\u1ebft T\u00e2m l\u00fd (1914), H\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi gian (1927)... \u201cNh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia nh\u01b0 Sartre, Gadamer, v\u00e0 Derrida l\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u01a1i \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o (Karl Rahner) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Tin l\u00e0nh (Rudolf Bultmann) \u0111\u1ec1u \u201cm\u1eafc n\u1ee3\u201d v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc (Ludwig Binwanger) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (Emil Staiger) n\u1eefa. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Heidegger c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d theo ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cx\u1eed s\u1ef1\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u\u201d (H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc - Ted Honderich ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean - L\u01b0u V\u0103n Hy d\u1ecbch - NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin - 2003, tr.469) 207","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0103n h\u1ecdc, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, \u00f4ng \u0111i d\u1ea1y t\u01b0, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o... Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1947 - 1948, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ed1 d\u2019Ulm, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m S\u00e8vres, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Husserl, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Kant, Helgel v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTh\u00e1ng 9\/1948, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Le temps modernes, s\u1ed1 36, v\u1ec1 \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d nh\u00e2n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Alexandre Kij\u00e8ve v\u1ec1 \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Helgel\u201d v\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m nh\u01b0 J.P. Sartre, J.Hyppolile, M.Merleau-Ponty, A. Ragon v.v... Do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y. Cho n\u00ean M.Merleau- Ponty \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cho Le temps modernes. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a H\u00e9gel (1), cu\u1ed1n \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng duy v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hegel. B\u00e0i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Hegel theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n sinh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a A. Kij\u00e8ve. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich H\u00e9gel (1770 - 1831): Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn lao trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n... Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a H\u00e9gel nh\u01b0 Tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc (1807), L\u00f4-gich h\u1ecdc (1812), Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n th\u01b0 (1817 - g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 L\u00f4-gich; Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; Tri\u1ebft hoc tinh th\u1ea7n); Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (1821)... \u201cPh\u1ea7n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc duy t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a H\u00e9gel l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v.v... L\u00e9nin coi ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e9gel nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u00e9gel, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx\u201d (T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc - Do t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean X\u00f4 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, NXB S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n - 1972 tr. 382). 208","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM duy t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Husserl: \u00f4ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng\u201d (V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201cL\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d - Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o - NXB Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - 1989, tr. 10). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc J.P.Sartre: \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean c\u00f9ng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n J.P.Sartre - ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng tranh M\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh. lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o (1949) C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat k\u00fd, di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950. Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u201cJ.P. Sartre m\u1eddi t\u00f4i trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00ec \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Marx. B\u1ea3n ghi t\u1ed1c k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 chung d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. J.P. Sartre kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ngay c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Marx \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 suy x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. J.P. Sartre kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Husserl. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan v\u1ee1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9\/1948 b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a A. Kij\u00e8ve v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Hegel. Th\u00e1ng 8\/1951, t\u00f4i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. 209","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx, \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx - L\u00e9nin, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00f3i ri\u00eang... Tuy v\u1eady tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, mong \u0111\u1eb7t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00eau tr\u00ean n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng. L\u00fac chia tay nhau, c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft tay th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ed9i dung g\u00ec c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a J.P. Sartre l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phe nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00ean \u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1c k\u00fd, nh\u1edd v\u1eady uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? do NXB Minh T\u00e2n (7, Rue Gu\u00e9n\u00e9gaud - Paris VI\u201d in n\u0103m 1950). T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 60 trang in, chia l\u00e0m 4 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: C\u0103n b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd 210","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM - \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u00c1; t\u1eeb Platon \u0111\u1ebfn Gia-t\u00f4; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh: t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn Hegel; th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 M\u00e1c - x\u00edt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1951, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, d\u00e0y 368 trang, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh: cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1951, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf sau l\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh y\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n - Praha - Matxc\u01a1va - B\u1eafc Kinh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 sau ng\u00e0y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng? Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft m\u1edbi m\u1ebb: \u201cT\u00f4i g\u1eb7p anh Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 anh m\u1edbi t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1. Anh v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi g\u00ec, giao vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec th\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 anh Th\u1ea3o c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 giao vi\u1ec7c. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean kh\u00f3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed anh Th\u1ea3o \u1edf Ban V\u0103n S\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ee7a anh Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a anh l\u1eafm. M\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ea3o. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ea3o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00e0 anh Th\u1ea3o s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi anh em kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng gian kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ph\u1ea3i chi h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o th\u00ec anh Th\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Sau khi v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i m\u00e0 anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa S\u1eed. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y th\u00ec anh Th\u1ea3o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00f2n l\u00e0m khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa S\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean l\u1edbp, duy\u1ec7t b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ea3o. Ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a anh ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 xa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 211","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Cho n\u00ean anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t huy. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb l\u1eafm m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi J.P.Sartre \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec7n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi J.P.Sartre \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 hay r\u1ed3i. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd J.P.Sartre l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n sinh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ea3o. Anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Anh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e2ng theo m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft suy g\u1eabm trong m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh em m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 khi h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Kant th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i hoan ngh\u00eanh c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n c\u00e1i n\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c cho anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 60 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u1eafm \u0111\u00e2u, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n t\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec anh Th\u1ea3o c\u00f3. Gi\u00e1 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho anh \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Anh Th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng sao, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ra ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng anh Th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng danh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2u. Anh Th\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u201cl\u00e0m quan\u201d, \u1ea3nh mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00f4ng quan\u201d. T\u00e1c phong c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 t\u00e1c phong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 trong v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n, anh Th\u1ea3o do c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n n\u00f3 d\u1eabn anh \u0111i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0, ch\u1edb vi\u1ec7c \u1ea3nh l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea5m k\u00ee. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a anh l\u00ean l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i anh, r\u1ed3i g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a anh l\u00ean S\u01a1n T\u00e2y hay \u1edf h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb kia l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 sai. Anh Th\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng 212","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, anh r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eady l\u00e0 hay l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. S\u1ef1 c\u01b0 x\u1eed thi\u1ebfu t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, thi\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 anh - m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady - m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, theo t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc coi l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00ec anh Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 anh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ea3o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u00f4i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7ch ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ed3i Marx, Engels vi\u1ebft Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00ea n\u00f3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a H\u00e9gel c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ea3o \u0111i v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u1edf g\u1ea7n anh Th\u1ea3o th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 anh \u0111i v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec anh l\u00e0m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n t\u00f4i. Ch\u1ee9 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i khi anh Th\u1ea3o \u1edf S\u01a1n T\u00e2y v\u1ec1, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd \u1ea3nh o\u00e1n l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh noble (cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng) x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea l\u1eafm. \u1ea2nh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n h\u1eddn, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t; khi qua ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1ea3nh b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d (1). Trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Ban V\u0103n-S\u1eed-\u0110\u1ecba (2), Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1986, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cho b\u00e1o (1) B\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7t san s\u1ed1 1 (b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi) c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra th\u00e1ng 7\/1993. (2) Ban V\u0103n-S\u1eed-\u0110\u1ecba: T\u1ee9c Ban nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed - \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd - V\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 2\/12\/1953 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o (Tuy\u00ean Quang); \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4\/1959, chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Ban Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c \u1ee6y ban Khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1965, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u0103m 1967, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u1ee6y ban Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 22\/5\/1993, theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 23\/CP c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cTrung t\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. 213","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed La Pens\u00e9e: H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng H\u00e9gel (1965), S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3m quan (1966), T\u1eeb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (in ba k\u1ef3 trong n\u0103m 1969 - 1970)...; ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed La nouvelle critique: T\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng duy v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c (in hai k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 9\/1975)...; ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cho nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u00c9ditions sociales: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c (1973)... trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1951 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf M\u1ef9, H\u00e0 Lan, Anh, \u00dd d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n; t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gondolat \u1edf Budapest d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Hunggary... N\u0103m 1980, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o r\u1eddi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u00e1i ng\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i... s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft dang d\u1edf! T\u00e1m n\u0103m sau, trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o cho in t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201cL\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (NXB Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - 1988) \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, qua n\u0103m sau s\u00e1ch t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n. Trong l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1989, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho in ph\u1ea7n \u201cph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u201c1. C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau ra, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n\u201d th\u00ec \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cTrong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em. N\u00f3i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh, t\u1ef1 do th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, b\u00ecnh 214","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung - d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. M\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Quan h\u1ec7 giai c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec sinh ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, sinh ho\u1ea1t chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v.v... Mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung. C\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00f9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u00e0 n\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec chung v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung 215","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Trong \u1ea5y tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung\u201d c\u1ee7a Althusser v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebft trung th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi Althusser. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb 20 n\u0103m nay, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Althusser l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a quan li\u00eau Stalin - Mao, ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx - L\u00e9nin. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Althusser l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc ra m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1i thai, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn Polpot - Y\u00eang Xari, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Khmer \u0111\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi...\u201d, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i\u201d (tr. 166 - 168). Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac s\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft \u0111ang h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh, n\u0103m 1992, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sang Ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y th\u00eam t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p L\u00f4-g\u00edch c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ch ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Paris ng\u00e0y 19\/4\/1993. Sau \u0111\u00f3, thi h\u00e0i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 an t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y 28\/4\/1993, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u \u00f4ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a GS Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ecnh - \u1ee6y vi\u00ean B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh... T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Marx; t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 216","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng do nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u00c9ditions sociales in n\u0103m 1973, nay \u00f4ng \u0110o\u00e0n V\u0103n Ch\u00fac d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a T\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c (NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin - 2000). V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc GS Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc truy t\u1eb7ng Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (\u0111\u1ee3t 2) trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee3t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p, Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, Ph\u1ea1m Huy Th\u00f4ng, H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00e0i C\u1ea9n. Theo nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u th\u00ec: \u201cN\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o trao cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. M\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o\u201d (B\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7t san s\u1ed1 1 (b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi) c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra th\u00e1ng 7\/1993). 217","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM V\u0103n Cao Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111a t\u00e0i Hi\u1ec7n nay, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua, \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c ca. Tr\u1ea3i qua bao th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd qu\u1ed1c ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n? Trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d (15\/7\/1972), nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Phan Kim Th\u1ecbnh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u do nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u01a1ng cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cQu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb thu\u1edf d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u1edd v\u00e0ng do vua ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng trong khi d\u1eb9p gi\u1eb7c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang qu\u1ed1c ca qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i n\u00e0o t\u1eeb th\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng Nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 V\u0103n Cao (1923-1995) B\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1926, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00ean n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec ng\u00f4i vua nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn ca kh\u00fac n\u00e0o l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c ca. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1933, Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u x\u1ea3o thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf Paris. Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean - L\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0y khai m\u1ea1c m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c thi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed, th\u00ec \u201ccoi sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Nam tri\u1ec1u l\u00fac b\u1ea5y 218","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM gi\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00fa, m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y b\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n cung\u201d m\u00e0 k\u00fd \u00e2m theo nh\u1ea1c T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e0u v\u00e0o H\u1ed3ng H\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi xong. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00fa \u0111em tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Fournier. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y m\u1edbi h\u00f2a \u00e2m \u201c\u0110\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n cung\u201d r\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y khai m\u1ea1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u x\u1ea3o, b\u1ea3n La Marseillaise v\u1eeba d\u1ee9t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t c\u1eed b\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n cung\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0: K\u00eca n\u00fai v\u00e0ng b\u1ec3 b\u1ea1c C\u00f3 s\u00e1ch tr\u1eddi, s\u00e1ch tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n... \u0110\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c thi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c An Nam\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n cung\u201d nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c thi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ee5 n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ng\u00e0y 8\/5\/1945, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim m\u1edbi k\u00fd s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n cung\u201d c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c thi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1946 t\u1ea1i Nam K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ri\u00eang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNam k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c\u201d c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 ri\u00eang n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c ca ri\u00eang. C\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn qu\u1ed1c ca l\u00e0 4 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 r\u00fat trong t\u1eadp Chinh ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ef1a \u201cThu\u1edf tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00e2u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y b\u00e0i \u201cTh\u1ecfa t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng W.L\u00faa l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c ca cho Nam k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c\u201d. Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft qua c\u00e1i qu\u00e1i thai Nam k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y 2\/9\/1945, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ecdc Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khai sinh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u201ccu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i sinh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u201d. Th\u00ec trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Nam k\u1ef3 - v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nam k\u1ef3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1edb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n to\u00e0n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o, Campuchia. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Jean C\u00e9dille \u0111\u00f3ng vai \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng Cao \u1ee7y Ph\u00e1p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Y nhanh ch\u00f3ng khai qu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i th\u00e2y ma \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Nam k\u1ef3\u201d v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4\/2\/1946, trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1c s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u201c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 b\u00e0i\u201d. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5, nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n 219","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, th\u00ec Jean C\u00e9dille ph\u00e1i thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n sang Ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cNam k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\u201d. Ngay sau khi Xu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Jean C\u00e9dille nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Nam k\u1ef3\u201d\u00f8 ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf Fontainebleau. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i\u201d. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1\/6\/1946, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i t\u1eeb Nam ch\u00ed B\u1eafc. Qu\u00e1i thai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 ai o\u00e1n, n\u00e3o ru\u1ed9t trong Chinh ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e2m: Thu\u1edf tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i Kh\u00e1ch m\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7i tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean M\u00e2y kia th\u0103m th\u1eb3m t\u1eebng tr\u00ean V\u00ec ai g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho n\u00ean n\u1ed7i n\u00e0y... \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn\u201d th\u00e0nh... qu\u1ed1c ca (!) nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thinh sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u01b0\u1edbc ra s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, do Ph\u00e1p gi\u1eadt d\u00e2y t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 th\u00fa: \u201cT\u00f4i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 h\u1ec1\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 x\u1eed: V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y 9\/11\/1946, \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 L\u1ed9c, th\u01b0 k\u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Thinh \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f5 c\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1edf. Khi n\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed3n khi th\u1ea5y Thinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, ngang h\u1ecdng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng! \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft Thinh nh\u00ecn tr\u1eebng tr\u1eebng v\u00e0o trang s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn trang vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1eaft c\u1ed5! Khi Thinh ch\u1ebft, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5n tu\u1ed3ng \u201cch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\u201d \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng qua tay L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u1ea1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ec9. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0i \u201cqu\u1ed1c ca\u201d ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, \u1ea3o n\u00e3o kia c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i \u201cTh\u1ecfa t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh\u201d m\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cNghe nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ng\u00e2m th\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e0n T\u00e2y. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 h\u1ea1p v\u1edbi con n\u00edt h\u01a1n\u201d. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 nh\u1ed1 nh\u0103ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nam k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c 220","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cd\u1ea7u s\u00f4i l\u1eeda b\u1ecfng\u201d \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u00e0i hoa \u0111ang nung n\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t ca kh\u00fac - m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c ca c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 V\u0103n Cao, h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, sinh ng\u00e0y 15\/11\/1923 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cSinh t\u00f4i ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng\/ \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y m\u1eadn\/ B\u00e3i s\u00fa b\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh b\u1ebfn\/ Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng b\u00ean s\u00f4ng\/ T\u00f4i nghe ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t m\u1eb9 chi\u1ec1u ru v\u00f5ng\/ Nh\u1eefng ca dao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ Nh\u1eefng d\u00e1ng c\u00f2 l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i\/ Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u00f2 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ebf t\u00f4i \u0111i\/ Nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng c\u00f2 tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng\/ \u0110\u01b0a v\u00f5ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u d\u0129 v\u00e3ng\/ S\u00e1ng tr\u01b0a u \u00fa c\u00f2i t\u1ea7m\/ \u0110\u00eam d\u00e0i nghe m\u01b0a d\u1ea7m d\u00e3i...\u201d. Sinh t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf th\u00f4n An L\u1ec5, x\u00e3 Li\u00ean Minh, huy\u1ec7n V\u1ee5 B\u1ea3n (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh). Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, V\u0103n Cao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh quy, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u00edt \u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, V\u0103n Cao \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0y m\u00f2 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. Ca kh\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Bu\u1ed3n t\u00e0n thu vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1939 t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi giai \u0111i\u1ec7u, ca t\u1eeb th\u1eadt sang tr\u1ecdng: \u201cAi l\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111i ngo\u00e0i s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn em b\u1ebd b\u00e0ng. \u00d4i v\u1eeba tho\u00e1ng nghe em m\u01a1 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ch\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng. \u0110\u00eam m\u00f9a thu ch\u1ebft, nghe m\u00f9a \u0111ang r\u01a1i r\u1edbt theo l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng...\u201d May m\u1eafn, sau khi vi\u1ebft xong, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m Duy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, nh\u1edd v\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ca kh\u00fac n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, V\u0103n Cao \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u201cgiang h\u1ed3\u201d v\u00e0o ph\u00eda Nam. T\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, m\u00f9a thu xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f2m c\u00e2y long n\u00e3o, lang thang tr\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Hu\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u man m\u00e1c l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng: ... Gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t s\u1ea7u chi ph\u1ea5n n\u1eef \u01a1i! T\u1eebng canh tr\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t sao r\u01a1i T\u00e0 t\u00e0 tr\u0103ng l\u1eb7n hiu hiu gi\u00f3 \u00c1nh l\u1eeda ch\u00e0i xa th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi ... 221","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o, m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft ca kh\u00fac Tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng do c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. Sau n\u00e0y, khi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ngu\u00f4i ngoai trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, nh\u1edd v\u1eady, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1941 V\u0103n Cao \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea9m Thi\u00ean thai: \u201cTi\u1ebfng ai h\u00e1t chi\u1ec1u nay tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng. Nh\u1edb L\u01b0u Nguy\u1ec5n ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i t\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0o nguy\u00ean. K\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean ti\u00ean, k\u00eca ngu\u1ed3n h\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean theo ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n xao xuy\u1ebfn...\u201d. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng V\u0103n Cao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng qua c\u00e1c ca kh\u00fac Cung \u0111\u00e0n x\u01b0a, Su\u1ed1i m\u01a1, B\u1ebfn xu\u00e2n (c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0110\u00e0n chim Vi\u1ec7t), Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Chi, Thu c\u00f4 li\u00eau... C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng tham gia nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ed3ng V\u1ecdng do Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u00fd ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 V\u0103n Cao, Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u00fd, Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fa, Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1eef... c\u00f9ng chung t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c cho thanh ni\u00ean H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o sinh c\u00e1c ca kh\u00fac c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ca ng\u1ee3i giang san g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c, ca ng\u1ee3i anh h\u00f9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t... V\u0103n Cao \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00fac h\u00fang tr\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 Vui l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, Th\u0103ng Long h\u00e0nh kh\u00fac, G\u00f2 \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a... Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1942, V\u0103n Cao r\u1eddi H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 th\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01a1, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, k\u1ecbch in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u0169 B\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i V\u0103n Cao l\u00fac \u1ea5y: \u201cAnh b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, \u1ed1m nh\u01b0 Th\u00e2m T\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n Th\u00e2m T\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, da h\u01a1i tai t\u00e1i. T\u00f3c anh x\u00f5a xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i trai, b\u01a1 ph\u1edd r\u0169 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u1eb7p l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y h\u01a1i r\u1eadm, m\u0169i cao, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf\u201d. S\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang, n\u0103m 1994, khi V\u0103n Cao t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda n\u0103m 1943 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m V\u0103n Cao t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang 108 Y\u1ebft Ki\u00eau (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) th\u00ec t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: \u00f4ng g\u1ea7y gu\u1ed9c, r\u00e2u t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng, b\u00e0n tay h\u1eb1n l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2n xanh. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7m b\u00e0n tay \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1 thay, l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay l\u1ea1i \u1eedng h\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a hoa sen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 tay ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt... 222","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM C\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean V\u0103n Cao b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. B\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ebd n\u0103m 1942 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ef1a d\u1eef d\u1ed9i Cu\u1ed9c khi\u00eau v\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 b\u00fat ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Trong n\u0103m th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd n\u1ed5 ra trong nay mai. H\u1ed9i V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4\/1943, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 V\u0169 Qu\u1ed1c Uy, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110ang, Nguy\u1ec5n Huy T\u01b0\u1edfng, Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i, Tr\u1ea7n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n, Nh\u01b0 Phong, Nam Cao... V\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p V\u0103n Cao th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111ang b\u01a1 v\u01a1, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 t\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang r\u1ec7u r\u00e3 t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft d\u00e2n ta nh\u1ed5 l\u00faa tr\u1ed3ng \u0111ay, nh\u1ed5 ng\u00f4 tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7u d\u1ea7u... v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n tr\u1ecd t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n \u1edf x\u00f3m c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u V\u1ea1n Th\u00e1i - m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ea1 L\u1ea1c (\u0111\u00eam vui) - ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe k\u00e9o x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i qua, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Chi\u1ebfc xe x\u00e1c qua ph\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ea1 l\u1ea1c, v\u1eeba c\u0103m ph\u1eabn v\u1eeba n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00e3o n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c: \u201cGi\u1eaby \u0111\u00e8n chao th\u1eafp \u0111\u1ecf qu\u1ea1nh m\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi\/ Ta v\u1ec1 g\u00e1c chi\u1ebfu ch\u0103n g\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u1eed\/ Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n khi\u00eau v\u0169\/ K\u00e8n nh\u1ecbp xa \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n\/ Run r\u1ea9y giao duy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ea1c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ea7m\/ Hun h\u00fat gi\u00f3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea7m ca n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc\/ Ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi tang t\u00f3c\/Lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f2i n\u01a1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda k\u00eau than, ma \u0111\u00f3i sa tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/ C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda lang thang t\u00ecm kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c\/ Ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 nghi\u00eang nghi\u00eang xe x\u00e1c\/ \u0110i v\u00e0o ng\u00f5 kh\u00f3i c\u00f4ng y\u00ean...\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c bu\u00f4ng tay \u01b0? Kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec V\u0103n Cao m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3\/1945, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00ecnh B\u1ea3ng (T\u1eeb S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc Ninh) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cPh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cao tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd 223","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\u201d. V\u00e0 V\u0103n Cao ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd n\u1ed5 ra trong nay mai, khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng V\u0169 Qu\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn \u0111i theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, sau khi tham gia tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ba b\u1ee9c tranh C\u00f4 g\u00e1i d\u1eady th\u00ec, Th\u00e1i H\u00e0 \u1ea5p \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0a, Cu\u1ed9c khi\u00eau v\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, V\u0103n Cao \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u1ea5n lo\u00e1t \u1edf c\u01a1 quan Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, in s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n b\u00ed m\u1eadt; ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ed9i Danh d\u1ef1 tr\u1eeb gian. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ca kh\u00fac b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Ng\u00e0y 7\/7\/1976, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca\u201d - \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf h\u00ecnh dung ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thai ngh\u00e9n v\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c ca n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cSau tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Duy nh\u1ea5t 1944 (Salion unique), t\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n g\u00e1c h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hi\u1ec1n. Ba b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng tranh - Nh\u00e0 Khai tr\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c - v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed khen ng\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n n\u1ed5i. Hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Anh b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u00f4i c\u0103n g\u00e1c \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb B\u1eafc t\u1edbi Nam, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u00fat tr\u1ebb, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vinh d\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i mua b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f2n mua th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, t\u1eb7ng b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i nh\u1edd m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecda s\u0129 nu\u00f4i c\u01a1m v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lang thang \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y. Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i. Tin t\u1eeb H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng l\u00ean, cho bi\u1ebft m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c em v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y t\u1eeb Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh ra H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u g\u00e1i con anh c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i. N\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00ean 3. \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft con m\u00e8o con. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u00e1m 224","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i n\u0103m \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c anh t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111ang ch\u1edd t\u00f4i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. N\u0103m \u1ea5y r\u00e9t h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi n\u0103m. T\u00f4i ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00eam t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 k\u00fd h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01b0\u1edfi. \u0110\u00eam n\u0103m \u1ea5y c\u0169ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. 225","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed V\u0169 Qu\u00fd. Anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m qua, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00f4i s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, Th\u0103ng Long h\u00e0nh kh\u00fac, Ti\u1ebfng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ca kh\u00fac kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc ga H\u00e0ng C\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u0103n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. - V\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0a? - \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c. - Ng\u00e0y mai V\u0103n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, anh \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed th\u1ee3 gi\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f5 ch\u1ee3 Kh\u00e2m Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n c\u01a1m th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lang thang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. V\u0169 Qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm t\u00f4i v\u00e0 giao c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. - Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu thi\u1ebfu b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o. Kho\u00e1 qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt s\u1eafp m\u1edf, anh h\u00e3y so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y? Chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ga, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0ng B\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1edd H\u1ed3, theo th\u00f3i quen, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. T\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 quen thu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng vang m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh g\u00ec h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng nghe bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. H\u00f4m nay ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y vui h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i \u0111ang ch\u1edd nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang. T\u00f4i \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m hy sinh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i h\u00e1t. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00fac n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i \u0111i m\u00e3i l\u00fac \u0111\u00e8n c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng. B\u00ean m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, b\u00f3ng m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng, loang tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 l\u1ea1nh. H\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111un m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng b\u01a1 s\u1eefa b\u00f2. Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00edm s\u1eabm b\u1eadp b\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1c m\u1eaft. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 g\u00e1i. N\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng l\u00ean ba. T\u00f4i ng\u1edd ng\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00e1u t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft m\u00e8o con. Ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i che th\u00e2n. N\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf xa nh\u00ecn m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn s\u01b0\u1edfi l\u1eeda. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. 226","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u t\u00f4i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt r\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh - H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. T\u00f4i b\u1ed7ng tr\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, v\u00e0 quay \u0111i. \u0110\u00eam \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 c\u0103n g\u00e1c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca. B\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i c\u0103n g\u00e1c h\u1eb9p s\u1ed1 45 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hi\u1ec1n, b\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn sang c\u0103n nh\u00e0 2 t\u1ea7ng, m\u1ea5y l\u00e0n c\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n tr\u1eddi x\u00e1m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecdng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng xe b\u00f2 ch\u1edf x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Kh\u00e2m Thi\u00ean. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00eam, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7 v\u00ec gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o tung khe c\u1eeda, v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eedi nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, thi\u1ebfu \u0103n, v\u1ecdng qua nh\u1eefng khe s\u00e0n g\u00e1c h\u1edf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Cao 227","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Tin t\u1eeb Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ean, cho bi\u1ebft m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i. H\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng qua ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt ch\u1eadm, t\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn. Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c em, c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u t\u00f4i v\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 c\u0103n g\u00e1c, c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u00f4i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn khu, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Ga, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0ng B\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1edd H\u1ed3 theo th\u00f3i quen t\u00f4i \u0111i. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, trong kh\u00f3a qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd h\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i Chung l\u00f2ng c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n d\u1ed3n vang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh xa... V\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng bay gi\u1eefa m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng. Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ng\u00e2n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng c\u1ed3ng vang v\u1ecdng. \u0110o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i Sao v\u00e0ng ph\u1ea5t ph\u1edbi D\u1eaft gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng qua n\u01a1i l\u1ea7m than... Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f3a qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt \u0111ang h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u00e1o ch\u00e0m \u0111ang d\u1ed3n b\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh. T\u00ean b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ca c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb Th\u0103ng Long h\u00e0nh kh\u00fac ca: \u201cC\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u0103ng Long th\u00e0nh cao \u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d hay trong \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a: \u201cTh\u00e9t vang l\u1eebng n\u00fai xa...\u201d L\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00e9t \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n cao tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u00e1t. 228","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u201cTi\u1ebfn l\u00ean! C\u00f9ng th\u00e9t l\u00ean! Tr\u00ed trai l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y n\u01a1i \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec1n!\u201d Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u1edd C\u1edd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf V\u00f5 Nhai. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u00f4i m\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi x\u00e1m v\u00e0 l\u00f9m c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. T\u00f4i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean kia, tr\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u hy v\u1ecdng. B\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 xong. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed V\u0169 Qu\u00fd. Da m\u1eb7t anh \u0111en x\u1ea1m. \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft v\u00e0 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a anh l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi, khi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u1ea5y, Thi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: - V\u0103n \u1ea1, ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh th\u1eed m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh xem sao? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft cua Thi th\u1eadt l\u1ea1c quan v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau n\u00e0y Thi l\u00e0m xong b\u00e0i \u201cDi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t x\u00edt\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i. B\u00e0i \u201cChi\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u201cDi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t x\u00edt\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp in tr\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Th\u00e1ng 11\/1944, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tay vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 in, trong trang v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp, c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u00e9t ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t anh th\u1ee3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau khi b\u00e1o ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u00f4i t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan \u1ea5n lo\u00e1t tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf (b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Mai H\u1eafc \u0110\u1ebf) t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n m\u0103ng-\u0111o-lin, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u0103n g\u00e1c v\u1ecdng xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1eadp Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca. T\u00f4i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00f4i h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1eaft, \u1edf c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 in ra r\u1ed3i. B\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111ang c\u1ea7m s\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u00e1t. T\u1edbi l\u00fac c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u00e0 t\u00f4i gi\u1eef cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y 17\/8\/1945, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng 229","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 t\u1eeb bao - l\u01a1n Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t l\u1edbn xu\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i bom. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u00f4i tr\u00e0o ra. Chung quanh t\u00f4i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t c\u1ea5t l\u00ean, vang theo nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay \u00e1o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng b\u0103ng c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 thay cho nh\u1eefng b\u0103ng v\u00e0ng b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim. Ng\u00e0y 18\/9\/1945 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh l\u1edbn, h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t l\u1edbn. D\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng ca c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean ti\u1ec1n phong h\u00e1t Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca, ch\u00e0o l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, n\u1eafng v\u00e0ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u1ea5y, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1eabn v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng t\u00f4i, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e0o l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t c\u1ea5t l\u00ean, th\u00e9t l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng th\u00e9t c\u0103m th\u00f9 b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. B\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp sau g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, V\u0103n Cao nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb l\u1ea1i, s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o trong gi\u00f3 m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn khu: \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft hy sinh m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng. G\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao chung s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 xi\u1ec1ng c\u00f9ng ch\u1eb7t g\u00f4ng...\u201d(B\u1eafc S\u01a1n); \u201cBao chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 anh h\u00f9ng. L\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng vung g\u01b0\u01a1m ra sa tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Qu\u00e2n xung phong n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam \u0111ang ch\u1edd mong tay ng\u01b0\u01a1i. H\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng n\u00fai thi\u00eang ghi mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi...\u201d(Chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam)... Nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u V\u0103n Cao kh\u1ecfe kho\u1eafn l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean, v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho b\u00e1o Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng tham gia c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u0103ng \u1ea4n ch\u1edf ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0o Nam b\u1ed9. Khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ra, n\u1ebfu Tr\u1ea7n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng 19\/11\/1946, Tr\u1ea7n Mai Ninh c\u00f3 Nh\u1edb M\u00e1u, H\u1eefu Loan c\u00f3 \u0110\u00e8o C\u1ea3... \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong thi ph\u00e1p th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec V\u0103n Cao c\u00f3 Ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng 1946. Ti\u1ebfng th\u01a1 ng\u00e2n vang \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng ca, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do: 230","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Reo l\u00ean! A reo l\u00ean X\u00f3m c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5 B\u0103ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n Cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ea3y x\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee1 S\u00f3ng l\u0169 H\u1ed3ng H\u00e0 ... B\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n cao C\u1eeda \u00f4 c\u1ea7n lao C\u1eeda \u00f4 tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c C\u1eeda \u00f4 tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c \u01a0i c\u1eeda \u00f4, c\u1eeda \u00f4 d\u00e0i gi\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c B\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n cao ... Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t lan r\u1ed9ng. V\u0103n Cao ra Li\u00ean khu III, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng an Li\u00ean khu X \u1edf L\u00e0o Cai v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Trong khi ta ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng\u201d. Ng\u00e0y 7 v\u00e0 8\/10\/1947, binh \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang do Sauvanhac ch\u1ec9 V\u01b0\u1eddn cam - tranh minh h\u1ecda tr\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Cao huy, nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 xu\u1ed1ng B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, Ch\u1ee3 M\u1edbi, Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n... ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 binh nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. Ta l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t di\u1ec5n ra, th\u00ec tr\u1eadn s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. S\u00f4ng L\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e1u gi\u1eb7c. V\u0103n 231","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Cao \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 S\u00f4ng L\u00f4: \u201c... Tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Reo m\u1eebng vui tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfc. Tr\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f4ng bao \u0111\u00e1m x\u00e1c th\u00f9. D\u00e2n h\u00e2n hoan nghe s\u00f3ng reo vi vu xa xa. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi vang gi\u00f3 l\u00e1 vi vu hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a. S\u00f4ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t h\u00e1t. Th\u00e2y gi\u1eb7c tr\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ng\u1eadp b\u1edd. S\u00f4ng g\u1ea7m vang s\u00fang tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1. Bao r\u1eebng thu nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u00e2n hoan h\u00f4 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ph\u00e1o binh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ghi c\u00f4ng...\u201d. Ca kh\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e1o n\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c khi h\u00e1t v\u00e0 nghe tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca n\u00e0y: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u01a1\/ Tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean\/ Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn l\u1eebng danh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\/ Tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u00f4ng Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e3n, s\u00f4ng B\u1ed3...\/ \u0110\u1ec3 anh vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca\/ Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca S\u00f4ng L\u00f4\u201d. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp ca kh\u00fac L\u00e0ng t\u00f4i, Ng\u00e0y m\u00f9a, Ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i... \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1950, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, V\u0103n Cao ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c V\u1ee5 V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1951, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, r\u1ed3i sang l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u1edf X\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c ca kh\u00fac Ca ng\u1ee3i H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c thi \u0111ua, H\u00e0nh kh\u00fac ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n L\u0169ng vai... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. R\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn khu, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cTi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\u201d trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p ni\u1ec1m vui - \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 V\u0103n Cao \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb s\u00e1u, b\u1ea3y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc: \u201cTr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n \u0111i nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng. L\u1edbp l\u1edbp \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1... N\u0103m c\u1eeda \u00f4 \u0111\u00f3n m\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0i hoa \u0111\u00f3n m\u1eebng n\u1edf n\u0103m c\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0o ch\u1ea3y d\u00f2ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edbm long lanh...\u201d. V\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, V\u0103n Cao v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c trang tr\u00ed cho s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u00e8o, vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c cho phim, v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda cho b\u00e1o... M\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1984, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m piano v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 kh\u00fac giao h\u01b0\u1edfng Anh b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i C\u1ee5 H\u1ed3, T\u00ecnh ca Trung du l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 th\u00ec \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1956, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft lai rai trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u00e1ng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111a t\u00e0i V\u0103n Cao t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t? L\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda hay th\u01a1 ca, ca kh\u00fac? Nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh 232","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Th\u00e1i B\u00e1 V\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh V\u0103n Cao \u201cnh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u nung \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eeda gi\u00e0\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i: \u201cB\u1edfi s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e1o n\u1ee9c t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Cao r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 t\u1ebb l\u1ea1nh, n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng hay b\u1ea1c b\u1ebdo nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ebd b\u00e0ng, kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du ca, t\u1ee5c ca sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Duy. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, V\u0103n Cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, v\u1eabn th\u1ed1t l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi tha thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 m\u1edbi, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y V\u0103n cao \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u00e1i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: s\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u201d. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi th\u01a1, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn, lay \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 1957, m\u1edbi 35 tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u201cTu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a bao tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb Ch\u1ec9 vang l\u00ean nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e8 d\u0129 v\u00e3ng trong l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i \u201cV\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh d\u1eb9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con dao G\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft C\u00f3 l\u00fac: C\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t dao gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u1ed5 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ban ng\u00e0y nghe l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng sao ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft N\u0103m bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Cao, \u0111\u1ecdc qua th\u01a1, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong v\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i, 233","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u00e3 an \u1ee7i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u... Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt l\u1ea1, sau n\u00e0y \u1edf tu\u1ed5i l\u1ee5c tu\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ba bi\u1ebfn kh\u00fac tu\u1ed5i 65, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n: T\u00f4i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u00e0ng nh\u1ec7n m\u00e0ng nh\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch g\u00ec g\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 con s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i m\u00e0ng nh\u1ec7n t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tay Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 khi s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00eanh v\u00eanh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i xi\u1ebfc tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y m\u1ecfng manh c\u0103ng qua s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y m\u1edbi b\u1eadt d\u1eady trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n \u1ea5y rung l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1eeba g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, v\u1eeba xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn nao l\u00f2ng... V\u0103n Cao m\u1ea5t l\u00fac 4 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 10\/7\/1995 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed7 M\u01b0\u1eddi, thay m\u1eb7t Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d. Trong \u0110i\u1ebfu v\u0103n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn V\u0103n Cao l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1eadc t\u00e0i danh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7\u201d. Nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed b\u00e9 - m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p Saint \u00c9xup\u00e9ry \u201cTrong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, V\u0103n Cao sang tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng\u201d... Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, V\u0103n Cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trao t\u1eb7ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cao qu\u00fd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a - \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t - \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c ca cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 mai sau. 234","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM T\u1eeb Chi Nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX B\u00f3ng chi\u1ec1u thoi th\u00f3p tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m. V\u1ec7t n\u1eafng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 n\u00edu l\u1ea5y r\u00eau x\u00e1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 s\u1eebng s\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. T\u1eeb ph\u00eda ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111ang d\u1eabn c\u1eadu con trai d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i. H\u1ecd l\u1eefng th\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng Nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc T\u1eeb Chi (1925-1995) \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m, h\u1ecd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho con nghe v\u1ec1 \u201clai l\u1ecbch\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u1eadu con trai l\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec5nh kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe. C\u1eadu ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea3i m\u00ea ng\u1eafm nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t r\u00eau l\u1eabn trong b\u00f3ng n\u1eafng ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n \u0111ang \u00e1nh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng... C\u1eadu con trai n\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eeb Chi, sinh ng\u00e0y 17\/12\/1925 t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 H\u1eadu L\u1ed9c, huy\u1ec7n Can L\u1ed9c (H\u00e0 T\u0129nh), con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Kinh Chi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong phong tr\u00e0o Duy t\u00e2n \u1edf Trung k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t 235","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Chi. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp h\u00e8, \u00f4ng Kinh Chi d\u1eabn con trai v\u00e0o th\u0103m \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i dang d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ee5c Thanh (B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn). \u00d4ng Kinh Chi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 y s\u0129 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a), t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n \u1edf Kontum, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa... \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 d\u00f9 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 y nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Kinh Chi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng em ru\u1ed9t Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi, t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh M\u1ecdi Kon Tum. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng sau n\u00e0y, c\u1eadu con trai m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Sau n\u00e0y, khi chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Kinh Chi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef th\u00f3i quen, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i nghe di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i h\u00e8 \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn con m\u00ecnh \u0111i theo. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, T\u1eeb Chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha d\u1eabn \u0111i nghe bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u1eef h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 J. Cuisinier v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cQuan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh\u201d m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y T\u1eeb Chi s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed1i b\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc (1) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, T\u1eeb Chi h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1ea5t qu\u1ef7 nh\u00ec ma th\u1ee9 ba h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d. Do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i m\u1eb9o lu\u1eadt h\u00f3c b\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n ti\u1ebfng Latinh n\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1942, T\u1eeb Chi chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Anh. B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp sau n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Phan Ng\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cT\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 trung b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec n\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ecfi Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n, gh\u00e9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n T\u1eeb h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd (1) D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc (DTH): Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u00e1ch khoa Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201c...B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc (ethnologie) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. V\u1ec1 sau thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ethnologie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u DTH mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, nh\u1eb1m l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed1n g\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac - qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao l\u01b0u c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1eb1m d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady ethnologie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 DTH l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, DTH l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 DTH mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i...\u201d 236","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t ham c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c c\u1eadu con T\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ngh\u1ecbch n\u00ean T\u1eeb hay ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf. Sau n\u00e0y ta v\u1eabn b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb trong giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p, cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t m\u00ea T\u1eeb, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi uy\u00ean b\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng trong n\u00f3i n\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1 g\u00e2y g\u1ed5. Ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e9, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u1edf T\u1eeb c\u00f3 c\u00e1i v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n...\u201d (1). Sau khi thi \u0111\u1eadu T\u00fa t\u00e0i 2 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh (Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf) th\u00ec T\u1eeb Chi gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Nam ti\u1ebfn, n\u0103m 1946, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i trinh s\u00e1t. H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n x\u00e3 v\u00e0i n\u0103m, T\u1eeb Chi v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3a 2 khoa S\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. T\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1961, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean gia ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Guin\u00e9e (Ch\u00e2u Phi). M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi T\u1eeb Chi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n ti\u1ec1n kha kh\u00e1, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. Trong v\u00f2ng ba n\u0103m, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p sang \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eeba d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u; \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd h\u1ecd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u Phi nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe trong ni\u1ec1m say m\u00ea t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng n\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trong \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, T\u1eeb Chi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cTr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n (1) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 - nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (NXB Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng - 1999). 237","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d (1) th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb Chi d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn khi ta t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00fd gi\u1ea3i hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u201cc\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ngay r\u1eb1ng: nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t - ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 - ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 180 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Vi\u1ec7t. Sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tri\u1ec7u b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn phong ki\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u1ea5y n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4, nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n tay t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf mi\u1ec1n r\u1eebng n\u00fai ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i... Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng trong khi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn phong ki\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Chi\u00eam th\u00e0nh...). Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t (Kinh) ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i; d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u01b0 tr\u00fa l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n r\u1eebng n\u00fai, v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t. (1) G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ec9nh H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh - B\u00f9i V\u0103n K\u00edn, Mai V\u0103n Tr\u00ed, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u1ee5ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n (Ty VHTT t\u1ec9nh H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh XB n\u0103m 1972). 238","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. H\u1ed3i \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u201cquan lang\u201d th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u201cquan lang\u201d. Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VIII, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cquan lang\u201d \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n r\u1eebng n\u00fai m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, sau khi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI, khi th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia ra d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t (Kinh) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Sau khi ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddng) ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: th\u1eddi vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 xa x\u0103m, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t; ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (S\u0110D, tr. 12 - 14). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c T\u1eeb Chi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i sau th\u00ec \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u201ct\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 s\u1eebng s\u1eefng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a n\u1eef h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 J.Cuisinier \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i sau kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec? \u00dd th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean T\u1eeb Chi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y J.Cuisinier, khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec n\u1eef h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang d\u00e2n gian. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00e0o H\u00f9ng th\u00ec: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tuy hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n quan Nho gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n sinh ho\u1ea1t trong 239","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau\u201d (X\u01b0a& nay s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 10\/1995). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, T\u1eeb Chi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u1ecdc c\u1ea1ch, t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1p r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, n\u0103m th\u00e1ng trong b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cba c\u00f9ng\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e2n qu\u00fd \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u00f4ng l\u00e0 con em c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong d\u00e2n gian, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1... B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a n\u00ean nh\u1eefng trang vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u l\u1eafng uy\u00ean b\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00f2n th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi b\u00fat danh Tr\u1ea7n T\u1eeb, T\u1eeb Chi, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eeb Chi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: C\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng (vi\u1ebft chung v\u1edbi B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00ecnh - n\u0103m 1971), C\u1ea1p v\u00e1y M\u01b0\u1eddng (1974), Hoa v\u0103n c\u1ea1p v\u00e1y v\u1edbi hoa v\u0103n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc (1974), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i (1976)... \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u00f4ng \u0111em t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ai \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u... c\u1ea1p v\u00e1y M\u01b0\u1eddng (!). Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd h\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed3i sao? Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u201cph\u1edbt \u0111\u1eddi\u201d \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb Chi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t cao th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft T\u1eeb Chi (1988) k\u00fd b\u00fat danh Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ee9 240","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0y. R\u1ed3i, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho in nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c nh\u01b0 Hoa v\u0103n M\u01b0\u1eddng (NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - 1978), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh (NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c -1995)... B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa hoa v\u0103n v\u00e1y M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi hoa v\u0103n tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Hoa v\u0103n M\u01b0\u1eddng (1975). Trong quy\u1ec3n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n M\u01b0\u1eddng Bi (UBND huy\u1ec7n T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb Chi (1985) T\u00e2n L\u1ea1c - S\u1edf VHTT H\u00e0 S\u01a1n B\u00ecnh XB n\u0103m 1988), T\u1eeb Chi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cNh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed c\u00e1c th\u1eddi sau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch l\u1ebb t\u1ebb c\u1ee7a hoa v\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng, qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e1y\u201d M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trang tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a hoa v\u0103n tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i I. M\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea5y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n\u201d (tr.352 - 355). T\u1eeb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, T\u1eeb Chi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng v.v... v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Ch\u1ec9 xin \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi quan s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh \u201cP\u1eb9ng go\u1eb9ng\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u00e1nh ho\u00e1nh\u201d, d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u1ea1o t\u1ebb (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp); nh\u00e2n r\u1eafc v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t l\u00e0 241","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM con c\u00e1 b\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi su\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o qua \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ch\u1ea3o; sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1 dong) g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111em lu\u1ed9c th\u1eadt s\u00f4i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cp\u1eb9ng l\u1ea1\u201d (t\u1ee9c b\u00e1nh l\u00e1) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u201cP\u1eb9ng go\u1eb9ng\u201d. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao ni\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi; trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb M\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi\u201dp\u1eb9ng l\u1ea1\u201d l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh \u201cP\u1eb9ng go\u1eb9ng\u201d? V\u00e0 T\u1eeb Chi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng... Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u1eeb Chi c\u00f2n d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 (1980), Hoa v\u0103n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Giarai-Bana (1986)... ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 Xung quanh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng lang (1970), N\u1eef ph\u1ee5c Kinh \u1edf B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 (1976), Ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf Hu\u1ebf (1976), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1995) v.v... GS. Georges Condomimas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 T\u1eeb Chi \u201cm\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i th\u00e8m thu\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap anh vi\u1ebft n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u201d (X\u01b0a & nay s\u1ed1 1.1996); c\u00f2n GS. Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1eadn: \u201c\u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m quan \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3 minh m\u1eabn, th\u00edch n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 song \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a c\u1ef1c s\u00e2u...\u201d(Thay l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp T\u1eeb Chi). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 in b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m th\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb Chi (1995) T\u1eeb Chi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cd\u00e1m l\u00e0m\u201d, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi bao c\u1ea5p v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c trong 242","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi T\u1eeb Chi l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed7 Lai Th\u00fay \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f9a m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt: \u201cT\u1eeb Chi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi bao c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u01a1n, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bao c\u1ea5p c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u201cc\u1eeda\u201d, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 - m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1eeb Chi h\u00e0nh - th\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 tr\u00f3t l\u1ecdt theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh. V\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng, l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u201cch\u1ee5p m\u0169\u201d n\u1eb7ng \u201cchuy\u00ean\u201d nh\u1eb9 \u201ch\u1ed3ng\u201d, ho\u1eb7c th\u00edch \u201cch\u01a1i tr\u1ed9i\u201d... Sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i Nam ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n, h\u1eb3n T\u1eeb Chi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u201cb\u1ed9 m\u00e1y\u201d, r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 theo gu\u1ed3ng quay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean... Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u201cngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong l\u00fac ng\u00e0 ng\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u, T\u1eeb Chi th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 \u201ckinh nghi\u1ec7m\u201d b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: - N\u1ebfu anh l\u00e0m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc th\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 n\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 tay tr\u00e1i. Th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i tr\u1ee3n tr\u00f2n m\u1eaft, \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e0, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: - L\u00e0m v\u1eady, tuy tr\u00e1i c\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do, th\u00edch g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f2m ng\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u anh 243","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac\u201d. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t anh b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc, r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, con nh\u00e0 n\u00f2i, th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n... N\u1ebfu anh \u0111\u1eebng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac qu\u00e1 th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 s\u1eed s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ta. Ng\u1eb7t v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, t\u1eeb B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, Ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn CP. 72, anh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ed1c h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u01a1 quan, m\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed5 s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1edf c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tranh th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d ra, th\u00ec, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n. T\u00f4i \u201c\u0111i\u201d nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady. V\u00e0 may m\u1eafn n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat \u00edt g\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady\u201d (1). Qua m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf T\u1eeb Chi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xao nh\u00e3ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t t\u1eed. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. GS Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201c\u00d4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, t\u1ed5 vi\u00ean, th\u01b0 k\u00fd, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean... g\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c danh Ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. \u201cDanh b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i, k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d, l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh em, b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n, l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb n\u1ec3 v\u00ec, k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c... \u0110i l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean gia \u1edf Ghi-n\u00ea t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 50, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0 \u0111i Pa-ri \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 80, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o sang kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0103n di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 xin \u00f4ng cho t\u1eb7ng c\u1ea3, \u0103n m\u1eb7c l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00f4i th\u00f4i, c\u00f3 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u201c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0103n xin\u201d...\u201d. C\u00f2n GS. Phan Ng\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y: \u201cT\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1995, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o lu\u1ed9m thu\u1ed9m, \u0111i d\u00e9p cao su, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u01b0\u1ee1i chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p con v\u1ecbt, vai \u0111eo m\u1ed9t t\u00fai v\u1ea3i trong nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u00e0 m\u00e8ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ebfu c\u00e0y. Anh ta \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i t\u00e1n chuy\u1ec7n, hay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u00f4 ch\u00e1u \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec9. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ra th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n hay gh\u00e9 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ee5m r\u01b0\u1ee3u, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t anh \u0111\u1ea1p x\u00edch l\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh (1) Ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bay - \u0110\u1ed7 Lai Th\u00fay - NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng Tin - 2002. 244","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM gi\u00e1 cao b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, anh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eeb Chi\u201d. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh T\u1eeb Chi hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean trong l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt g\u1ea7n g\u0169i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp gia phong c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, n\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ngay t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb Chi n\u0103m 1936, t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t Chi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kho s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp M\u1ed9ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0 trai - m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tri th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7t c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh tr\u00f4ng ra v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 sen, c\u1ee5 cho l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m m\u00e1i hi\u00ean, tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111ang m\u1edf ra, c\u00f3 ghi c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5: \u201cH\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng ta ng\u00f3 l\u00ean, \u0103n m\u1eb7c ta nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng\u201d, v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n b\u00fat giao nhau. Th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y chu\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, trong h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt x\u01b0a nay gia t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 v\u00ec v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7t Chi, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eeb Chi, Nguy\u1ec5n Du Chi, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 Chi... m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. 245","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \uf097 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc - t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX - L\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean \u00c2n ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean - NXB Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c - 1997. \uf097 K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 200 n\u0103m n\u0103m sinh Nguy\u1ec5n Du - nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 - NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i -1971. \uf097 T\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u1eadp 12) - Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ea3ng Tu\u00e2n kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u (\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2n thanh) - NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - 1996. \uf097 Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta - GS Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu T\u00e1 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u - NXB Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - 1999. \uf097 Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng (3 t\u1eadp) - NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc - 1987. \uf097 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n xu\u00f4i Vi\u1ec7t Nam - V\u0169 Tu\u1ea5n Anh, B\u00edch Thu ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean - NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc - 2001. \uf097 V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201cL\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d - Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o - NXB Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - 1989. \uf097 V\u0103n Cao - cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m - nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 - NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc - 1996. \uf097 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n M\u01b0\u1eddng Bi - UBND huy\u1ec7n T\u00e2n L\u1ea1c - S\u1edf VHTT H\u00e0 S\u01a1n B\u00ecnh XB n\u0103m 1988. \uf097 Ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bay - \u0110\u1ed7 Lai Th\u00fay - NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng Tin - 2002. \uf097 Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Ch\u00e1nh - h\u1ed3n qu\u00ea tr\u00ean tranh l\u1ee5a (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3), NXB Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - 1998. \uf097 H\u1ecda s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Ch\u00e1nh - Nguy\u1ec7t H\u1ed3, Nguy\u1ec5n Phan C\u1ea3nh, NXB V\u0103n H\u00f3a - 1979. \uf097 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi- ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3), NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i -1997. 246","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \uf097 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh (Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), NXB Ngh\u1ec7 An - 1995. \uf097 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed5ng Chi, NXB Tr\u1ebb t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n - 1998. \uf097 Thi h\u00e0o Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn - th\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi (Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 Chi ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - 1992. \uf097 Th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn - Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc -1979. \uf097 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i - B\u00f9i v\u0103n C\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, H\u1ed9i V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u00e0 Nam Ninh XB - 1987. \uf097 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3), NXB Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c - 1992. \uf097 Cung o\u00e1n ng\u00e2m kh\u00fac - Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc -1986. \uf097 Ngh\u0129 ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 Nam cao - nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n - 1992. \uf097 Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Nam Cao - NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc 1987. \uf097 Vi\u1ec7t Nam - nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (1919 - 1945) - D\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c - NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - 2000. \uf097 Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00fa M\u1ee1 - Phong V\u0169 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n - NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n - 1993. \uf097 Giai tho\u1ea1i T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng - \u0110\u1ed7 Huy Vinh - H\u1ed9i VHNT Nam H\u00e0 - 1995. \uf097 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i - Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean - H\u1ed9i VHNT Nam H\u00e0 - 1987. \uf097 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng - th\u01a1, l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i - Mai H\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n - NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin - 2000. \uf097 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y - Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u - NXB T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi - 1978. \uf097 Th\u00e2n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t Linh - L\u00ea H\u1eefu M\u1ee5c - NXB Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c (Hu\u1ebf) in n\u0103m 1958. \uf097 Ch\u00e2n dung v\u0103n h\u1ecdc - Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Hoan - Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ebft v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Du - 1992. 247","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \uf097 C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u - NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc 1987. \uf097 Tr\u00f4ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng V\u1ecb - Tr\u1ea7n Thanh M\u1ea1i - NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc (t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1990). \uf097 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi) - Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 - NXB Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi - 2005. \uf097 Th\u01a1 v\u0103n K\u00e9p Tr\u00e0 - Phan C\u1ed5n s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u - NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc 1992. K\u00e9p Tr\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc - Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n, NXB Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng 1993. \uf097 Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd th\u00fa c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c Ba Phi - Phan Anh Tu\u1ea5n - NXB TP. HCM -1990. \uf097 \u00d4ng ch\u00e1u b\u00e1c Ba Phi - Anh \u0110\u1ed9ng - NXB S\u00f4ng B\u00e9 - 1987. \uf097 T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng - Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Th\u1ebf - NXB T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t - 1957. \uf097 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 - tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 v\u0103n - Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m - NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 1998. \uf097 Giai tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Nho - L\u00e3ng Nh\u00e2n (Nam Chi t\u00f9ng th\u01b0 XB 1972 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n) \uf097 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i - kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tinh hoa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - Vi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 1980) \uf097 Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n - V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Li\u1ec5n ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean (S\u1edf VHTT Ngh\u0129a B\u00ecnh 1985) \uf097 Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n tham kh\u1ea3o \u1edf t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a nay, Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay, B\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb... V\u0103n h\u00f3a nguy\u1ec7t san s\u1ed1 10 & 11 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng 10 & 11\/1965 do Nha V\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - S\u00e0i G\u00f2n XB n\u0103m 1965, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n, X\u01b0a & nay, Th\u1ec3 thao & v\u0103n h\u00f3a... v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. 248","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C L\u1edcI N\u00d3I \u0110\u1ea6U \t5 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i Kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tinh hoa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \t9 Nguy\u1ec5n Du Ti\u1ebfng th\u01a1 vang v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi \t 21 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \t 46 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb L\u00f2ng ta s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 h\u00e1 lung lay \t 55 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi ca c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \t 66 \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u201c\u00d4ng vua\u201d c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tu\u1ed3ng \t 81 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ngh\u00ecn thu ti\u1ebfng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \t 89 Ba Phi \u201c\u00d4ng vua\u201d n\u00f3i d\u00f3c Nam b\u1ed9 \t 104 249"]