["B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM t\u1ef1a m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i bu\u1ed9c t\u00f3c l\u00ean x\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 g\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Nh\u1edd mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc - cho d\u00f9 \u201cH\u1ed5 t\u00f4i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1816 trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n, qu\u00e1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00ee, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nguy c\u1ea5p. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 1817, m\u1edbi h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eaft m\u1edd r\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng, tay ch\u00e2n l\u1ea9y b\u1ea9y\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi lao l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean trang vi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ra nh\u01b0: Th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u00f3 V\u0169 Trung t\u00f9y b\u00fat, Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c (vi\u1ebft chung v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u00e3 h\u1ecdc thi ng\u00f4n t\u1eadp, T\u00f9ng c\u00fac li\u00ean mai t\u1ee9 h\u1eefu...; v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 L\u00ea tri\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n (6 t\u1eadp), Bang giao \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec7 - g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc ngo\u1ea1i giao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u00f3 An Nam ch\u00ed, \u00d4 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, Ai Lao s\u1ee9 tr\u00ecnh, Ki\u1ec1n kh\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3m...; v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m gia th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i gia ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh, Nh\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0m - s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v.v... Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n sinh \u0111\u1ed3 (t\u00fa t\u00e0i) m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Minh M\u1ea1ng v\u1eddi ra gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea9u Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m! Theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eadu c\u1eed nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u00e0m quan, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, n\u0103m 1820, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng ra B\u1eafc sai T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp s\u00e1u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1eebng danh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5, Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Du, \u0110o\u00e0n H\u1ed3ng Nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u1ed7 Huy Ng\u1ea1c... v\u00e0o kinh ch\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cTr\u1eabm nghe n\u00f3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u00fd Th\u00edch th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft, ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eebng l\u1eaby. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf \u00f4ng vua n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, bi\u1ebft thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u00f2n t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t trong d\u00e2n gian sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh li\u00ean mi\u00ean, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5: \u201cMu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i tham ch\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1ch v\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch. Khanh c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadt g\u00ec, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng tr\u00ecnh. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a khanh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef hay c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u1ec7nh cho g\u1eedi l\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2ng ti\u1ebfn, khanh n\u00ean h\u1ecfi m\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, \u1ee7y 50","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM cho h\u1eefu t\u00ec sao ch\u00e9p r\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n, ta c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n cho tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d. Nh\u1edd ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed (Phan Huy Ch\u00fa), Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed (Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c) v.v... v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1edbi V\u0169 trung t\u00f9y b\u00fat, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. Qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 n\u00f3i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169 trong ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh, phong t\u1ee5c, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, ph\u00e9p thi, t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, cu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh v\u0103n, c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1ng ch\u00e8... Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1eed ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eb3n kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1 l\u1eabm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta - v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb sinh sau \u0111\u1ebb mu\u1ed9n: \u201cL\u1ec7 c\u0169 ai \u0111\u1ed7 khoa \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00e1c, khi vinh quy d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch; l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 lim, l\u1ee3p ng\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ed9 ba gian, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n phu trong b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng, b\u1ea3n huy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch. Khi Ph\u1ea1m Khi\u00eam \u00cdch \u0111\u1ed7 khoa \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vinh quy, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng t\u1ed5ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, n\u00ean mi\u1ec5n cho kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 n\u1eefa. Ai c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m \u01a1n, sau t\u00f4n \u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1eadu th\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m xu\u00e2n thu c\u00fang t\u1ebf, m\u1ed5 tr\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m, b\u00e1o c\u00e1i \u01a1n \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y. Sau khi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea m\u1ea5t, h\u1eadu th\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00fang t\u1ebf n\u1eefa, duy c\u00f3 gi\u1ed7 h\u1eadu Ph\u1ea1m c\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u00e0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m l\u1ee3n thay tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 c\u00fang t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m b\u1ecf. Xem th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u01a1n di 51","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u00e1i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn nh\u1edb m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean. \u201cTri\u1ec1u L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3i h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tr\u00e2m, h\u1ed1t, hoa b\u00e0o, du nhai, t\u1eed y\u1ebfn, l\u1ea1i phong cho cha m\u1eb9, \u1ea5m cho con ch\u00e1u, vinh quy \u00e1o g\u1ea5m v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng, r\u1ea5t vinh d\u1ef1. H\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2n c\u1ea3, th\u00ec d\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1i khoa, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda cho m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf y\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7c khao m\u1eebng, \u0111\u00e3i d\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng lao, th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i xoay s\u1edf \u0111i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n cho xong vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 d\u00f2m l\u1ea5y con g\u00e1i nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u m\u00e0 b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 t\u00e0o khang; ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfng lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecfi \u0111i vay l\u00e3i m\u00e0 k\u00fd li\u1ec1u v\u00e0o v\u0103n kh\u1ebf. Th\u00f3i quen \u1ea5y t\u00edch t\u1ec7 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u201c\u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 \u0111eo n\u1ee3, b\u00e0 ngh\u00e8 mua ch\u1ed3ng\u201d! Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 mong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ra l\u00e0m quan gi\u1eef li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m c\u00e0n, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ed1 nh\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh: \u201cBu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y, bao nhi\u00eau lo\u00e0i tr\u00e2n c\u1ea7m d\u1ecb th\u00fa, c\u1ed5 m\u1ed9c, qu\u00e1i th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eadu hoa c\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh \u1edf ch\u1ed1n d\u00e2n gian, ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c thu l\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec. C\u00f3 khi l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y \u0111a to, c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, t\u1eeb b\u00ean b\u1eafc ch\u1edf qua s\u00f4ng \u0111em v\u1ec1. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u non h\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1, r\u1ec5 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 binh m\u1edbi khi\u00eang n\u1ed5i. L\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i k\u00e8m, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7m g\u01b0\u01a1m, \u0111\u00e1nh thanh la \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh khi\u00eang \u0111i cho \u0111\u1ec1u tay... B\u1ecdn ho\u1ea1n quan cung gi\u00e1m l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edd gi\u00f3 b\u1ebb m\u0103ng, ra ngo\u00e0i d\u1ecda d\u1eabm. H\u1ecd xem nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u1eadu hoa c\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh, chim t\u1ed1t kh\u01b0\u1edbu hay, th\u00ec bi\u00ean ngay hai ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7\u201d v\u00e0o. \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c c\u1eadu tr\u00e8o t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh l\u1ebbn ra, sai tay ch\u00e2n \u0111em l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y ph\u0103ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecda d\u1eabm l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n. H\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i g\u00ec to qu\u00e1 th\u00ec th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 nh\u00e0 h\u1ee7y t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u00eang ra\u201d. Th\u1eadt gh\u00ea g\u1edbm! Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 \u1edf H\u00e0 Kh\u1ea9u (khu H\u00e0ng Bu\u1ed3m ng\u00e0y nay) tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u00ea cao m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hoa tr\u1eafng x\u00e1o th\u01a1m l\u1eebng; r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam hai c\u00e2y l\u1ef1u nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t \u0111i! Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho ta h\u00ecnh dung ra x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n l\u00fac \u1ea5y v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh s\u1eed, ta c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u00ec sao qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn ra B\u1eafc l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt m\u1ecdn trong t\u00fai \u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng trang v\u0103n trong V\u0169 trung t\u00f9y b\u00fat h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng, t\u00f9y theo ng\u1ecdn 52","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM b\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t ra kh\u1ecfi trang s\u00e1ch. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y: \u201cSo v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n, k\u00fd c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1n Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Ch\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung cho hai cu\u1ed1n kia... \u00d4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, \u00edt t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n \u00f4ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt; \u00f4ng hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng th\u00ec vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng khoe khoang m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. Ng\u00e0y nay ta \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y th\u00fa v\u1ecb\u201d (1). Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n. T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c (t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ec3 d\u00e2u) v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 90 truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd th\u00e2n nhau v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9, ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u00f9ng con nh\u00e0 quan r\u1ed3i g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ctan t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 hoa gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n sinh n\u0103m 1770, m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1815 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Du l\u00e2m, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u1ea1n (nay huy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb S\u01a1n - B\u1eafc Ninh), con trai c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh: \u201cKi\u1ec1u Ni\u00ean (Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5) t\u00ednh th\u00edch ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh. L\u00fac nh\u1ecf h\u01a1i bi\u1ebft \u00e2m lu\u1eadt, th\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn khi h\u01a1i l\u1edbn, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u lo l\u1eafng, m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n su\u00fdt ch\u1ebft... R\u1ed3i sau s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t ra, g\u1ed9t r\u1eeda t\u00ecnh ch\u00ed, b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong th\u01a1, r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5, g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi th\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh d\u1edf dang, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, n\u0103m 1807 thi \u0111\u1eadu khoa thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m quan huy\u1ec7n Ti\u00ean Minh (nay Ti\u00ean L\u00e3ng - H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng). Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft chung v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Phong l\u00e2m minh l\u00e3i thi t\u1eadp. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n trong Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd, ghi l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, phong t\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi L\u00ea (1) Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh - NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc - 1997 - T\u1eadp 2, trang 71 53","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM m\u1ea1t - Nguy\u1ec5n s\u01a1. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb, ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 tin c\u1eady nh\u1edd vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1a cho t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n thi t\u1eadp, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng hay. Nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u Ni\u00ean m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i hay. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi b\u1eaft kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c \u1edf th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c b\u1eadc danh gia c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t ta, l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u Ni\u00ean t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng, m\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n ch\u1eb3ng may l\u1eafm sao\u201d. Vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1a cho b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1edd th\u01a1 b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 t\u00ean t\u00f4i do vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi sau bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u1ecd ch\u00ed th\u00e2n bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng sai. L\u00e2u nay, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp th\u01a1 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tr\u1ea7n Kim Anh (gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch), Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u00e3ng (hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh) th\u00ec ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t hay c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5. Ch\u1ec9 xin tr\u00edch b\u00e0i \u201cC\u00f4 g\u00e1i l\u00e0m duy\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u01a1i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1ebb trung v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o: \u201cCon ai c\u00f2n b\u00e9 t\u1eb9o\/ \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng \/M\u00e0y th\u01b0a \u0111\u00f2i k\u1ebb r\u1eadm\/ T\u00f3c ng\u1eafn c\u0169ng t\u1ecfa h\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 l\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ee9ng\/ U\u1ed1n \u00e9o nh\u01b0 \u0111au s\u01b0\u1eddn\/ Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i g\u1ea5u v\u00e1y\/ \u0110\u1ea7y c\u1ecf m\u00e2y b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (Kim Anh d\u1ecbch). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, ta t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean 300 n\u0103m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi s\u0129 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c sao! Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 trong th\u1eddi gian ra l\u00e0m quan v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xin ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, cho d\u00f9 vua Minh M\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng khen ng\u1ee3i \u00f4ng \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh ngay th\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng xu ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ecdng, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng khen ng\u1ee3i\u201d v\u00e0 th\u0103ng \u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c T\u1ebf t\u1eedu Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m. Th\u1eadt l\u1ea1, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n t\u00fa t\u00e0i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 vua tin c\u1eady giao gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201cx\u01b0a nay hi\u1ebfm\u201d. Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1839, th\u1ecd 71 xu\u00e2n. 54","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb L\u00f2ng ta s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 h\u00e1 lung lay V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ef9 c\u1ea3m cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c, th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u201cthanh\u201d, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u201ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9 \u00e1i \u1ed1\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nam b\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hay ch\u1eef nh\u01b0ng \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n qua ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t C\u00e1i B\u00e8, nghe ti\u1ebfng \u00f4ng, T\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 quan l\u1edbn cho l\u00ednh g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o (1830-1910) dinh nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm c\u1edb \u201cd\u1eb1n m\u1eb7t\u201d tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb cho b\u00f5 gh\u00e9t. Quan l\u1edbn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 L\u1ed9c (1839 - 1899), qu\u00ea \u1edf C\u00f9 Lao Gi\u00eang, l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ed5ng An B\u00ecnh, t\u1ec9nh Long Xuy\u00ean (nay l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh An Giang). Ngay khi gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, y theo gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0m Cai t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 Tho 55","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM (1861), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9i nh\u00ec (1862), \u0110\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t (1864). \u0110\u1ebfn 19\/7\/1865 y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m Tri huy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn Phong (C\u00e1i B\u00e8). Do \u201cc\u00f4ng lao\u201d \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u1edf Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, V\u0129nh Long, Sa \u0110\u00e9c, Tr\u00e0 Vinh y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan th\u1ea7y Ph\u00e1p th\u0103ng Tri ph\u1ee7 (1867), r\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9 (1868). \u0110\u1ebfn 1883, L\u1ed9c d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n ra \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn - Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a. Ch\u00ednh y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft anh h\u00f9ng Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n trong Nam, Mai Xu\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i Trung v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9i tinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf... Y c\u1ea5t t\u01b0 dinh l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i C\u00e1i B\u00e8. Con trai y l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9 C\u00e1i B\u00e8, cha con \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tay sai \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 man phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ecdp C\u00e1i B\u00e8\u201d. D\u00f9 bi\u1ebft, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m tay sai cho gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 d\u1eef t\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 c\u1ecdp, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang. L\u00fac \u00f4ng v\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u00e2n th\u00ec, L\u1ed9c th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 bu\u00f4ng l\u1eddi x\u00e1o x\u01b0\u1ee3c: - C\u1ee5c c\u1ee9t! \u00d4ng nh\u1ebfch m\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n: \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1n l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n l\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y, ai m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ee3 va. C\u1eady th\u1ebf, khom l\u01b0ng ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u s\u1eafp b\u1ecb ch\u00f3 li\u1ec1n tha! L\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean. S\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Y \u00fa a \u00fa \u1edb nh\u01b0 tr\u00fang gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 c\u00fa t\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t phu, h\u1ee3m h\u1ec9nh. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0o \u201cv\u1ecbnh\u201d b\u1ecdn ch\u00f3 s\u0103n cho gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o hay h\u01a1n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y? \u201cC\u1ecdp ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 da, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng\u201d. D\u00f9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean danh v\u1ecdng, \u0103n tr\u00ean ng\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 L\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ed1i tha nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ea5y v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb l\u00e0m tay sai cho gi\u1eb7c, ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. Than \u00f4i! Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi C\u1eed Tr\u1ecb. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n 56","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u ghi \u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Hanh Th\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o An, t\u1ec9nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Q. Th\u1eafng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u201ckh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Phan V\u0103n Tri\u1ec7u (con Phan V\u0103n T\u1ea5n) sinh n\u0103m 1830, qu\u00e1n l\u00e0ng H\u01b0ng Th\u1ea1nh, huy\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o An, t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Long (nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Ba Tri, t\u1ec9nh B\u1ebfn Tre), \u0111\u1eadu c\u1eed nh\u00e2n n\u0103m 1849 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (nay Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u201cl\u01b0u l\u1ea1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u01a1i\u201d (1). Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ec9nh C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng cho bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Gi\u1ed3ng Tr\u00f4m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i huy\u1ec7n Ba Tri. \u00cdt ai ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh ho\u1ea1t quen thu\u1ed9c Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Thanh Ni\u00ean (4 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch, Q.1, TP.HCM), ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1849, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 thi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu C\u1eed nh\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eadu khoa n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1eebng l\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00f4ng. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 H\u1ed3 Hu\u00e2n Nghi\u1ec7p, Ph\u1ea1m Nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e2u, L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Kh\u00e1nh, Phan V\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1t, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng... Nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra B\u1ea1ch Mai thi x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00e1ng th\u01a1 tr\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c thi x\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, n\u0103m 1736 M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Tao \u0111\u00e0n Chi\u00eau Anh C\u00e1c; t\u1ea1i kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u00f3 M\u1eb7c V\u00e2n thi x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, thi b\u00e1 Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f9a: Ng\u00e1n cho c\u00e1i m\u0169i v\u00f4 duy\u00ean C\u00e2u th\u01a1 thi x\u00e3 con thuy\u1ec1n Ngh\u1ec7 An Thuy\u1ec1n Ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u00f4i b\u00e1n m\u1eafm, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u201ckh\u00f4ng ng\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch tr\u00eau nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u00f4ng Cao mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1ea7n kinh. R\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng thi x\u00e3 do Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng. D\u0103m ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m sau c\u00f3 th\u00eam (1) Xem t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 s\u1ed1 16 (1985) ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb. 57","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM B\u1ea1ch Mai thi x\u00e3. C\u00e1c thi nh\u00e2n l\u1ea5y t\u00ean B\u1ea1ch Mai do \u0111\u00e2u? M\u1ed9t trong \u201cGia \u0110\u1ecbnh tam gia\u201d l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc l\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i B\u1ea1ch Mai l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng hoa \u201cb\u1ea9m linh kh\u00ed sinh ra, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c... M\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u00fd cho k\u1ebb du l\u00e3m t\u00ecm hoa\u201d v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean s\u1eafc hoa tr\u1eafng tinh khi\u1ebft \u1ea5y t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u201cLo\u00e0i chim h\u1ea1c t\u1ef1 khoe ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o cao nh\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc l\u00f4ng trong tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 hoa mai. L\u1ea1i h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi hoa mai c\u00f9ng gi\u1eef danh th\u01a1m v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n\u201d. S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u00fac th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay, x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n th\u00ec d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh ho\u1ea1t chung trong m\u1ed9t thi x\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u00e1c thi nh\u00e2n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng lao v\u00e0o \u201cb\u00fat chi\u1ebfn\u201d d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00fac T\u01b0\u1eddng ra l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00e2n tr\u00e0o\u201d. N\u0103m 1862, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 H\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1edbi li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Trong 12 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung \u201cba t\u1ec9nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng, Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o C\u00f4n L\u00f4n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e1p s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh V\u0129nh Long v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o \u201ct\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y V\u00f5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng To\u1ea3n an t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng H\u01b0ng H\u00f2a (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00f4n sinh \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o Th\u1ea1nh (V\u0129nh Long); Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u r\u1eddi C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ba Tri (B\u1ebfn Tre); Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00f4ng ra B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn; Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb l\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng V\u0129nh Long v.v... \u0110\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201ct\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba\u201d gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 B\u00e1 Di, Th\u00fac T\u1ec1 trong B\u1eafc s\u1eed, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn li\u00ean h\u1ec7, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00f3t gi\u00e0y qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c d\u00e0y x\u00e9o, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o l\u00fac: 58","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Inh \u1ecfi s\u00fang r\u1ec1n c\u1eeda B\u1eafc, h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng tr\u0103m h\u1ecd d\u1ee9t \u00e2u ca; T\u00f2 te k\u00e8n th\u1ed5i tr\u1eddi Nam, m\u1edd m\u1ecbt n\u0103m canh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng. H\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t, sa c\u01a1 gi\u00e1 h\u1ea1c l\u00fac h\u01b0 kinh; Anh h\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ed1n \u1ea9n th\u00e2n, s\u00fat th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd c\u01a1n l\u00fang t\u00fang. T\u1edbi B\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u1ee3 S\u1ecfi, lo\u00e0i tanh h\u00f4i lang l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau; N\u01a1i Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn s\u1eafp t\u1edbi C\u1ea7u Kho, qu\u00e2n m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3 l\u1eaby l\u1eebng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1eafm (1). (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 v\u1ecbnh) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb vi\u1ebft trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 tan. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e0m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c. C\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ta nh\u00fan nh\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eabu c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd v\u1edbt v\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ecd kho\u1ea3n kia, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi \u00e2m m\u01b0u th\u00f4n t\u00ednh n\u01b0\u1edbc ta gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t lan r\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 1867, V\u0129nh Long th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 x\u00f3t xa: T\u00f2 te k\u00e8n th\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfng n\u0103m ba, Nghe l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tai d\u1ea1 x\u00f3t xa... U\u1ed1n kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng R\u1ed3ng m\u1edd m\u1ecbt kh\u00f3i, V\u1eafng hoe th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ee5ng \u1ee7 r\u1ea7u hoa. Tan nh\u00e0, c\u0103m n\u1ed7i c\u00e2u ly h\u1eadn, C\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a. Gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i \u0111\u00f2i c\u01a1n xi\u00eau ng\u00e3 c\u1ecf, Ng\u1eadm c\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ebft n\u00f3i n\u1ed7i quan ta! (1) V\u1ec1 b\u00e0i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 v\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng do Phan v\u0103n Tr\u1ecb vi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh phong c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecbnh- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 v\u1ecbnh in n\u0103m 1882, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd ghi \u201cKhuy\u1ebft danh\u201d. 59","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Hai c\u00e2u \u201clu\u1eadn\u201d, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 H\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb n\u0103m 1862. \u0110\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm V\u0129nh Long xong, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm An Giang. Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cC\u00e1m c\u1ea3nh An Giang\u201d bu\u1ed3n r\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01b0\u1ee3i: L\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh b\u00e8o n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u, \u0110\u1eadu b\u1ebfn An Giang th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng r\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi hai b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y d\u00e0o d\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u0129 phu trong gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac v\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh, t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m ho\u00e0i, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t, tham quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Con m\u00e8o, Con r\u1eadn, C\u00e1 thia thia, H\u1ed9t l\u00faa, Th\u00fa \u0111i c\u00e2u... c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng lao l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 so\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn vang d\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, sau khi r\u1eddi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 V\u0129nh Long, \u0111i An Giang v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u201cg\u1ea1o tr\u1eafng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong\u201d, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thi h\u1eefu trong B\u1ea1ch Mai thi x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ta th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ai? T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng sinh n\u0103m 1825 t\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh), con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd \u0110\u1ee9c - Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 hai t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a. Sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh danh gia v\u1ecdng t\u1ed9c, thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n n\u00ean T\u01b0\u1eddng ra kinh \u0111\u00f4 xin \u201ct\u1eadp \u1ea5m\u201d - t\u1ee9c con ch\u00e1u n\u1ed1i theo ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cha m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m \u1ea4m sinh, \u1ea4m th\u1ecd hay \u1ea4m t\u00f4n. T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ban cho \u1ea5m h\u00e0m v\u1ec1 v\u00f5 v\u00ec n\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n ph\u00e1i v\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng T\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng b\u1edfi theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi: V\u0103n th\u00ec c\u1eedu ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 sang V\u00f5 th\u00ec t\u1ee9 ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n mang g\u01b0\u01a1m h\u1ea7u n\u00ean xin \u0111\u1ed5i sang h\u00e0m v\u0103n, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec1u 60","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn t\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1855, T\u01b0\u1eddng ra thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng \u201cThi kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u1edbt th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cay\u201d (T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng - Bu\u1ed3n h\u1ecfng thi). Khoa thi sau, T\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ra thi nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u201cng\u1ee9a ngh\u1ec1\u201d, b\u00e8n ch\u01a1i ng\u00f4ng thi m\u01b0\u1edbn cho con nh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u201cv\u0103n d\u1ed1t v\u00f5 d\u00e1t\u201d. Chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea1i l\u1ed9, T\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1n l\u1ed9 xem nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111\u1ee9t b\u00f3ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng may m\u1eafn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tha t\u1ed9i cho c\u1eadu h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ngh\u00e8o. C\u00f3 giai tho\u1ea1i: Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra kinh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i, T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i th\u01a1: Tr\u1ea3i b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i hai tr\u1ea1m t\u1edbi kinh, Bao nhi\u00eau t\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau t\u00ecnh. V\u00ec nh\u00e0 t\u00fang r\u1ed1i n\u00ean quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn, Ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u0103n \u0111e h\u00e1 d\u00e1m khinh. Gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i, \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebng quen v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t, N\u1eafng m\u01b0a, tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea5u cho m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00edn tr\u00f9ng cao v\u1ecdi d\u1ea7u soi x\u00e9t, \u01a0n xu\u1ed1ng mai khi g\u1eb7p ph\u01b0\u1edbc linh. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn tai vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng y\u00eau th\u01a1 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng tha t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ban cho T\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt ti\u1ec1n l\u1ed9 ph\u00ed tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea, T\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t trong B\u1ea1ch Mai thi x\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c thi nh\u00e2n t\u00ecm v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i mai tr\u1eafng. Ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang n\u1ed5 vang tr\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1862 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd. \u201cT\u00e0u kh\u00f3i ch\u1ea1y m\u00e2y tu\u00f4n s\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y kh\u00fac, l\u1ea1t l\u1edd B\u1ebfn Tr\u00e2u; D\u00e2y th\u00e9p gi\u0103ng ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng, ng\u00e3 xi\u00eau th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ee5ng\u201d (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 v\u1ecbnh). Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o \u201ct\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111i ngang qua ch\u00f9a C\u00e2y Mai, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng thi h\u1eefu x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda, T\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f9i ng\u00f9i: Nh\u1eefng tay r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00e1nh thi th\u1ea7n c\u0169, Tr\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh bao nhi\u00eau, ti\u1ebfc b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau! Ti\u1ebfc th\u00ec ti\u1ebfc th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u1eafm m\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ra c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00e2n tr\u00e0o\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tri ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen g\u1ecdi \u201cPh\u1ee7 ba T\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1eddng 61","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Phan Hi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1o - \u0111\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 tin v\u00e0o lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u201cPh\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 hu\u1ec1\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 V\u0129nh Long v\u00ec \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o tay gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ebfn V\u0129nh Long, \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea1i quan Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eadn th\u01b0, \u00f4ng Phan ph\u00ea t\u00e1m ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u1ea5t th\u00e2n chi n\u1eef, h\u00e0 d\u0129 vi trinh\u201d (Con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, sao cho l\u00e0 trinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?). V\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u00e0y v\u1eeba x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u1eeba t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 \u1edf Ch\u1ee3 Gi\u1eefa (M\u1ef9 Tho) su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y n\u0103m li\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u00f5. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 d\u1eb1n x\u00e9o ngay trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 T\u1eeb Th\u1ee9 quy T\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ai, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i \u201cc\u00e2y c\u00f2i\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, hu\u1ed1ng chi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u201cc\u1ed9t c\u1ea3\u201d: \u1ede H\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t c\u1ea3, V\u1ec1 T\u00e0o chi s\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u00f2i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 theo T\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 xin l\u00e0m k\u1ebb d\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1. Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, v\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i: V\u1ec1 T\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng ng\u1eadm nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh k\u00edn, Tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eddi v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ea5y thoi? \u00dd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, \u201cn\u00f3i th\u1ebf th\u00ec bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 T\u00f4n phu nh\u00e2n quy Th\u1ee5c, ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho T\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u1edb n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u00e1i d\u00f9 \u0111i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng \u00fap m\u1edf: Ai v\u1ec1 nh\u1eafn v\u1edbi Chu C\u00f4ng C\u1ea9n, Th\u00e0 m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng anh \u0111\u1eb7ng b\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed3ng. Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb \u201ch\u1ecda\u201d l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: 62","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Anh h\u1ee1i T\u00f4n Quy\u1ec1n anh c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, Trai ngay th\u1edd ch\u00faa, g\u00e1i th\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn d\u1eef d\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 10 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1eddng. Nay d\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean. T\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cx\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d: Giang san ba t\u1ec9nh h\u00e3y c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y, Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t xui chi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00e0y. Ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng bon d\u00e2y th\u00e9p k\u00e9o, M\u00e2y tu\u00f4n \u0111en k\u1ecbt kh\u00f3i t\u00e0u bay. X\u0103ng v\u0103ng ch\u1eadm t\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7, Kh\u1ea5p kh\u1edfi ri\u00eang lo, bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y. Mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ecdp h\u00e0m r\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecdc, Khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n con tr\u1ebb ch\u1edb th\u00e0y lay. V\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi phe kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eebng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb con ch\u1ecdc tay v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ecdp, h\u00e0m r\u1ed3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t, l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u0111\u1eadp\u201d l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng: H\u01a1n thua ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2y, Ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3, n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9 qu\u1ea3n bao c\u01a1n l\u1eeda l\u1edbn, C\u1ed3n R\u1ed3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1eb7c b\u1ee5i tro bay. Nu\u00f4i mu\u00f4n gi\u1ebft th\u1ecf c\u00f2n ch\u1edd th\u1ee7a, B\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u0103n nai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eebng m\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u01a1i h\u00f9m rung nh\u00e1t kh\u1ec9, L\u00f2ng ta s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 h\u00e1 lung lay! \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng lao v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn b\u00fat. Nh\u1eefng danh nho nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u, Hu\u1ef3nh M\u1eabn \u0110\u1ea1t, B\u00f9i H\u1eefu Ngh\u0129a... c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u01a1 \u201ch\u1ecda\u201d r\u1ea5t hay. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam 63","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM M\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u Th\u00e0nh (C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1) x\u01b0a nay. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1862 - n\u0103m T\u01b0\u1eddng ra l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00ed s\u0129 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u201ch\u1ecda\u201d sau khi T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 th\u00ec n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 non n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 qua cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nay c\u0169ng quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a cai t\u1ed5ng L\u00ea Quang Chi\u1ec3u. Qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng thi ca c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1eadu sinh ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp k\u1ebb s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o tay ngo\u1ea1i bang. \u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh\u201d c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u1ea7u an, c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, s\u1ee3 gi\u1eb7c. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng thi 64","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ca c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ca ng\u1ee3i: L\u1edbp sau Thanh Gi\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n L\u00e0 Phan Hi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1edbi T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng \u00d4ng th\u1eddi nho nh\u00e3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d4ng th\u1eddi thi ph\u00fa t\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng \u00d4ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e1c V\u0129nh Kim \u0110\u00f4ng \u00d4ng ra gi\u00fap Ph\u00e1p b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng tri M\u1ed9t c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdn ngh\u00ec Ngh\u00ecn thu bia mi\u1ec7ng Nam k\u1ef3 danh nho \u201cBia mi\u1ec7ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu sinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00e8 b\u0129u... Th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay! Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt s\u0129 phu kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng theo \u0111\u00fang quy lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam b\u1ed9 n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u1ee3i cho ta nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 22\/6\/1910. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 600m2 t\u1ea1i \u1ea5p Nh\u01a1n L\u1ed9c 1, x\u00e3 Nh\u01a1n \u00c1i, huy\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u Th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 16km, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 154 VHQ\u0110 ng\u00e0y 21\/1\/1991 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Di t\u00edch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ea5p Qu\u1ed1c gia. 65","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi ca c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Tr\u01b0a n\u1eafng g\u1eaft. V\u00f2m tre u\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh trong c\u01a1n gi\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecdng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 g\u00e1y tr\u01b0a y\u00ean \u1ea3. Bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh v\u0103n v\u1eeba xong th\u00ec l\u0169 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u00e1o nh\u00e1o nh\u01b0 ong \u00f9a ra c\u1eeda. C\u00e1c c\u1eadu tung t\u0103ng ch\u00e2n s\u00e1o tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u1eadu c\u00f2n n\u1ea5n n\u00e1, ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 v\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c \u0111a \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0ng ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1o. Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, vui v\u1ebb kho\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea y\u00ean t\u0129nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 v\u1eabn l\u1ea7m l\u0169i b\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn (1835-1909) qu\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i d\u1eadm m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng nay c\u1eadu g\u1eedi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i d\u1eadm c\u1eadu b\u01b0\u1edbc nhanh ra \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00fai h\u00fai ki\u1ebfm con t\u00f4m, con c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0o b\u1eefa \u0103n chi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed3 h\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y r\u00f2ng r\u00f2ng tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t non n\u1edbt th\u01b0 sinh. V\u1eeba l\u00e0m c\u1eadu v\u1eeba s\u1ef1c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng nay. Nh\u00e0 c\u1eadu ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n g\u00f3p g\u1ea1o n\u00ean khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 gi\u00fap cho 66","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0103n th\u00ec c\u1eadu ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 n\u1ea5u b\u1ebfp v\u1eady. L\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ebfp th\u1ed5i c\u01a1m c\u1eadu v\u1eabn ng\u00f3ng tai nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi hay \u00fd \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1edb n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ng nay nghe l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y hay qu\u00e1, c\u1eadu h\u1ee9ng ch\u00ed qu\u1eady m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0169a c\u1ea3 trong n\u1ed3i c\u01a1m \u0111ang s\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng may, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u rau \u0111\u1ed5 l\u0103n k\u1ec1nh, c\u1ea3 n\u1ed3i c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ebfp. S\u1ee3 b\u1ecb m\u1eafng, c\u1eadu \u00f4m m\u1eb7t kh\u00f3c hu hu v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean c\u1edb th\u00ec c\u1eadu th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng ai tin c\u1ea3 n\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u1eb7n h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd, c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi vanh v\u00e1ch. Ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5c cho tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu. C\u1eadu h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb phi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng sinh ng\u00e0y 15\/11\/1835 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Ng\u00f2i (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0ng V\u0103n Kh\u00ea), x\u00e3 Ho\u00e0ng X\u00e1, (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Y\u00ean Trung) huy\u1ec7n \u00dd Y\u00ean - Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n qu\u00ea n\u1ed9i \u1edf l\u00e0ng V\u00e0 (t\u1ee9c V\u00ee H\u1ea1), x\u00e3 Y\u00ean \u0110\u1ed5, (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Y\u00ean Trung), huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh L\u1ee5c - Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00f4ng Kh\u1edfi, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadu ba kh\u00f3a T\u00fa t\u00e0i n\u00ean d\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 M\u1ec1n Kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Thoan. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi say m\u00ea \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch. N\u0103m 1852, l\u00fac 17 tu\u1ed5i, ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Thung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 nhau. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng c\u00f9ng cha \u0111i thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o qu\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 cha thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee5t sau n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i m\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y v\u1ea1y vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00eam \u00edt ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea1y v\u1ea1y m\u1ea5y n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, n\u00e0ng b\u00e8n b\u00e1n c\u00e1i y\u1ebfm m\u1edbi m\u1eb7c trong c\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 quan t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u1ea3 hai l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7y chung, t\u00ednh n\u1ebft hi\u1ec1n h\u1eadu, bi\u1ebft qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lo cho ch\u1ed3ng con r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng khoa thi n\u00e0y Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu. Qua n\u0103m sau, trong l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch n\u00ean cha, em ru\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng c\u0169ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, \u0111i d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu, b\u00e0 b\u1ea3o: -Nh\u00e0 con n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi nho h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu con ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 theo \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh th\u00ec m\u1eb9 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e9t c\u0169ng cam t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 b\u1ecf d\u1edf s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1eb7t m\u0169i n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn cha \u00f4ng n\u01a1i ch\u00edn su\u1ed1i? 67","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi con d\u00e2u, b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i con \u0103n h\u1ecdc. May thay, trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 gia c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 V\u0169 V\u0103n L\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba nu\u00f4i \u0103n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 r\u1ed3ng g\u1eb7p m\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 g\u1eb7p n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u01b0u mang c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y L\u00fd, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng c\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n tri ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00e0ng c\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp v\u0103n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1p Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ngh\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng o\u00e1i o\u0103m thay, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c khoa thi n\u0103m 1855, 1858, 1861, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng d\u1ef1 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu - ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 tr\u00e0o chua ch\u00e1t: B\u1ed1n khoa thi c\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, M\u1ed9t kh\u00f3m v\u01b0\u1eddn hoang b\u00e1n s\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i. Mang ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u1eebng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, Ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i g\u1edbm c\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u00f4i. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 s\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng - m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi \u0111\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng c\u0169ng mang t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng n\u00f4n n\u00f3ng thi \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp thi th\u1ed1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eddi gian th\u1ea5m tho\u1eaft tr\u00f4i qua. N\u0103m 1864, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng l\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi l\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, do ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 xin n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u0129 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c. L\u00fac x\u01b0\u1edbng danh y\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng, Tr\u1ea7n B\u00edch San tr\u00fang Tam nguy\u00ean, c\u00f2n Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eed nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - tr\u00fang Gi\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 n\u00e1o n\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y t\u00ecm \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o tin vui. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng Gi\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean \u0111ang g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean m\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh tr\u00f9m chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o the n\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1c ph\u1ebfch, n\u1eb1m c\u00f2ng queo ng\u1ee7 ngon l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc ch\u00f5ng tre tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi sau b\u1ebfp! Tin vui n\u00e0y l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 t\u00e0o khang c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng \u0111ang x\u1eafn v\u00e1y l\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00f2 cua b\u1eaft \u1ed1c... M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra g\u1ecdi b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u1ed3ng vinh quy, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 tham c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t bu\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng, c\u1ee9 c\u1eb7m c\u1ee5i gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a n\u1eafng. Ch\u1ecb em gi\u1ee5c m\u00e3i, b\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3n 68","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ch\u1ed3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, khi b\u00e0 m\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i (1) kh\u00f3c th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft: - Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9n c\u0169ng ngh\u00e8o thay, nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 bay hay lam hay l\u00e0m, th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng b\u00f3 que, x\u1eafn v\u00e1y quai c\u1ed3ng, t\u1ea5t t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u0103m \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00e2n chi\u00eau, v\u00ec t\u1edb \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7n trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c! B\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1ed9i b\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u00e3o v\u1ea5t v\u01a1 v\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u00fai t\u00f3c c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh, bu\u00f4ng qu\u1ea7n l\u00e1 t\u1ecda, g\u1eadt g\u00f9 tay \u0111\u0169a ch\u1ea1m tay ch\u00e9n, c\u00f9ng ai k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u0103m n\u0103m? Qua n\u0103m sau, 1865, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1eafng v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf thi H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. Ba n\u0103m sau n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m. D\u00f9i m\u00e0i kinh s\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng khoa thi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian gian n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Khuy\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 d\u1eb7n cho m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00dd th\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 con thuy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00f9i n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat xao nh\u00e3ng kinh s\u1eed. S\u1ef1 g\u1eafng c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1871, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi H\u1ed9i, thi \u0110\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1p. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ban cho c\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, hai ch\u1eef \u201cTam nguy\u00ean\u201d (ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng) v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m To\u1ea3n tu S\u1eed qu\u00e1n trong tri\u1ec1u. Ng\u00e0y vu quy b\u00e1i t\u1ed5, b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng c\u1ea7m tay con m\u00e0 \u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft: - Cha con d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1ea5y con th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t; nay m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh v\u1ebb vang n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y cha con, l\u00f2ng \u0111au d\u1ea1 x\u00f3t l\u1eafm. (1) C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i: M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2u) g\u1ed3m hai v\u1ebf (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u) \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhau v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1n, kh\u1eafc (trang tr\u00ed \u1edf n\u01a1i trang tr\u1ecdng) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p, ch\u00fac m\u1eebng, ghi c\u00f4ng, vi\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f9a vui, c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1o... S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t cao, s\u00fac t\u00edch.... C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft l\u1eabn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng, l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t th\u00fa ch\u01a1i tao nh\u00e3, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d (T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc - NXB Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c 1992, trang34) 69","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ra l\u00e0m quan l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vinh th\u00e2n ph\u00ec gia tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1n l\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn sinh ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nho h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi \u0111\u1eadu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n vua, tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0103n tr\u00ean ng\u1ed3i tr\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ee5c kho\u00e9t d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh. V\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u0103m 1873, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, danh t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecbn \u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. N\u0103m 1875, anh h\u00f9ng Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n tu\u1eabn ti\u1ebft. N\u0103m 1882, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, danh t\u01b0\u1edbng Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 treo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung hi\u1ebfu. N\u0103m 1883, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c b\u0103ng h\u00e0. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng r\u1ed1i ren nh\u01b0 canh h\u1eb9, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn ba vua: D\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c, Hi\u1ec7p H\u00f2a, Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u01b0\u1edbc! Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Harmand v\u1edbi 27 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, theo tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 c\u00e1o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 vua H\u00e0m Nghi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u0129 phu trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4 n\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng l\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn khu, d\u1ef1ng c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1. Sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua H\u00e0m Nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y sang Alg\u00e9rie (ch\u00e2u Phi), gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u0169ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7n Thu\u1eadt, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n \u00d4n... \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e8n h\u1ea1, t\u00e1n t\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m b\u00e1n m\u00ecnh cho gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1i b\u1ea3 vinh hoa nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e2n... Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u1edb \u0111au m\u1eaft, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb quan \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xa l\u00e1nh th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 v\u1ecbnh tr\u0103ng, tuy\u1ebft, m\u00e2y, hoa... th\u00ec cho d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ea5y tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn bao nhi\u00eau, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eeda th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i \u0111au, n\u1ed7i nh\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau r\u01b0\u1edbm m\u00e1u trong th\u01a1. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh 70","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM x\u00e1c: \u201cM\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn g\u1eedi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u01a1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n; ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o \u00edt ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi ph\u1ea3i che m\u1eaft b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 s\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean th\u00e2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2u. Theo \u00fd quan th\u1ea7y Ph\u00e1p, V\u0169 V\u0103n B\u1ea3o, T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, con th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn, khuy\u00ean c\u1ee5 tr\u1edf ra l\u00e0m quan: c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i cho con m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hoan, \u0111\u1ed7 ph\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng, ra l\u00e0m quan thay m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i, kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5, m\u1eddi c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn dinh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn, ng\u1ed3i d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. \u0110au th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111au m\u1eaft n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2a; nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m \u0111\u0129 trong l\u1ea7u xanh c\u1ee7a con m\u1ee5 T\u00fa B\u00e0: gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 vua ng\u1ee5y, c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n \u0111au m\u1eaft l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u00f2a h\u1eb3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n k\u1ec3: T\u1ea1i dinh c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9 H\u00e0 Nam, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eafn ki\u1ec3m tra; c\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n \u00e1o kh\u0103n t\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh, r\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t, c\u1ee5 v\u00e1i m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i: \u201c- L\u1ea1y c\u1ee5 l\u1edbn \u1ea1!\u201d. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ee5 xin l\u1ed7i v\u00ec m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh l\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u201d (1). Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a y\u00ean, Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi quan th\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn ra l\u00e0m quan, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 y t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1n m\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng ra h\u00e0ng! \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ee5y v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u01afu ph\u1ee5 t\u1eeb - th\u00e1c l\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a anh ch\u00e0ng \u201cX\u00f3m b\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e8o tr\u1ecd\u201d m\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u k\u1ebft l\u00e0: Vua ch\u00e8o c\u00f2n ch\u1eb3ng ra chi Hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 quan nh\u1ecd kh\u00e1c chi th\u1eb1ng h\u1ec1! Kh\u1ea3i th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i (Ngh\u1ec7 An), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft b\u1ebb v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ng\u00e0y xu\u00e2n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1c con vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1888, c\u1ee5 tr\u00fat v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1eddi, ray r\u1ee9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c: Tu\u1ed5i th\u00eam, th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3c r\u00e2u ph\u01a1, (1) Th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn - NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc - 1979 - Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, trang 91. 71","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nay \u0111\u00e3 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u1ebb ba. S\u00e1ch v\u1edf \u00edch g\u00ec cho bu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y, \u00c1o xi\u00eam ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i th\u1eb9n th\u00e2n gi\u00e0. Xu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y lo\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng l\u01a1 l\u00e1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p khi c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ng\u1ea5t ng\u01a1. L\u1ea9n th\u1ea9n l\u1ea5y chi \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea5c b\u00f3ng, Sao con \u0111\u00e0n h\u00e1t v\u1eabn say s\u01b0a? V\u1edbi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn ng\u1ed3i d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc cho con trai t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t gian Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, Kh\u1ea3i sang th\u0103m n\u01a1i gia s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i d\u1ea1y cho con m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n, quy c\u1ee7 th\u00ec y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1 thay, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y treo m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ho\u00e0nh phi, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Y h\u1ecfi, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p: Gh\u1ebf tr\u00e9o, l\u1ecdng xanh ng\u1ed3i b\u1ea3nh ch\u1ecde - T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u1eb5n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a T\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eadt h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 l\u1edbn n\u00ean ch\u01b0a cho treo \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00f4i! (V\u1ecbnh Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 gi\u1ea5y - th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn) Nghe b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i khoa n\u00f3i v\u1eady, Kh\u1ea3i m\u1eebng r\u1ee1: - Th\u1ebf th\u00ec qu\u00fd h\u00f3a qu\u00e1! Xin c\u1ee5 c\u1ee9 treo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ebf, thong th\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i trong \u00e1n th\u01b0 cho treo l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng: - S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i, s\u00e1ng c\u1eb7p, t\u1ed1i r\u00e8n, m\u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng con nh\u00e9t ch\u1eef; Nu\u00f4i th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 b\u1ee1n, n\u0103m h\u1ebft t\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n. 72","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Kh\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng gi\u1eadn run ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh ng\u1eadm b\u1ed3 h\u00f2n l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng l\u1ea3ng: - Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ee5 Tam Nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa, nh\u1ed1 nh\u0103ng di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eeda ng\u1ee3m c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i giao th\u1eddi, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u01a1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh. \u1ea8n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2m h\u1eadu, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea5y - nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng gi\u1ec5u ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 gi\u1ea5y: C\u0169ng c\u1edd, c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng c\u00e2n \u0111ai, C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 c\u00f3 k\u00e9m ai. M\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u00e2n gi\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng, N\u00e9t son \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n kh\u00f4i. T\u1ea5m th\u00e2n xi\u00eam \u00e1o sao m\u00e0 nhe,\u00ef C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 khoa danh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u1eddi. Gh\u1ebf tr\u00e9o, l\u1ecdng xanh ng\u1ed3i b\u1ea3nh ch\u1ecde Ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eadt h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i! L\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Hay khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta thu\u1edf \u1ea5y - nh\u1eb1m m\u1eebng ng\u00e0y c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p (14\/7\/1789) - \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y: K\u00eca h\u1ed9i th\u0103ng b\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o reo, Bao nhi\u00eau c\u1edd k\u00e9o v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n treo. B\u00e0 quan t\u00eanh ngh\u1ebfch xem b\u01a1i tr\u1ea3i, Th\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 lom khom gh\u00e9 h\u00e1t ch\u00e8o. C\u1eady s\u1ee9c c\u00e2y \u0111u nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecb nh\u00fan, Tham ti\u1ec1n c\u1ed9t m\u1ee1 l\u1eafm anh leo. Khen ai kh\u00e9o v\u1ebd tr\u00f2 vui th\u1ebf, Vui th\u1ebf bao nhi\u00eau nh\u1ee5c b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau! Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ai \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i, c\u0169ng t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng \u0111au khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi \u0111\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m n\u1ed7i \u0111au, n\u1ed7i nh\u1ee5c \u1ea5y th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u01b0\u01a1m s\u1eafc b\u00e9n. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc hay ch\u1eef n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn xin ch\u1eef, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i 73","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM vi\u1ebfng ho\u1eb7c m\u1eebng nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng... C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u0103ng? B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1edf huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh L\u1ee5c c\u00f3 c\u00f4 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Lan, nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o b\u1ecf qu\u00ea ra H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nhan s\u1eafc n\u00ean v\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa kh\u00e1ch bu\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u1ea3 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Croibier Huguet (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi C\u1ed1 H\u1ed3ng). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen g\u1ecdi \u1ea3 l\u00e0 T\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng. C\u1eady th\u1ebf ch\u1ed3ng, T\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng tr\u00fang th\u1ea7u ph\u00e1 n\u1ed1t m\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, l\u1ea5y g\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 cho thu\u00ea n\u00ean ph\u1ea5t l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh. V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 bu\u00f4n g\u1ea1o l\u1eadu thu\u1ebf, b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o l\u0169 l\u1ee5t mi\u1ec1n Trung! Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, T\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tham ti\u1ec1n c\u1ed9t m\u1ee1 l\u1eafm anh leo ban cho h\u00e0m t\u1ee9 ph\u1ea9m. Trong bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c linh (th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn) \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eddi b\u00e1 quan v\u0103n v\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1, T\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap cho c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i. Ngao ng\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf th\u00e1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat vi\u1ebft: - T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea9m s\u1eafc phong, h\u00e0m c\u1ee5 l\u1edbn Tr\u0103m n\u0103m danh ti\u1ebfng, c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 to! v\u00e0: - C\u00f3 t\u00e0n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1n, c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1edd vua, danh gi\u00e1 l\u1eaby l\u1eebng b\u0103m s\u00e1u t\u1ec9nh; N\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n, n\u00e0o c\u1edd, n\u00e0o s\u1eafc phong cho c\u1ee5, ch\u1ecb em h\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5y l\u0103m ng\u01b0\u01a1i. C\u00e1i th\u00e2m th\u00fay \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u1eebng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef. T\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng khen, m\u00e0 khen th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc tho\u00e1ng qua. \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn ch\u1eedi r\u1ea5t \u0111au, r\u1ea5t t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t thanh, r\u1ea5t nh\u00e3. B\u00fat ph\u00e1p 74","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i khoa c\u00f4ng phu th\u00e2m h\u1eadu l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u00ea thi\u1ec7t th\u00e0, t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng th\u00ec trong t\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng ngh\u0129a x\u00f3m, khi h\u1ecd xin ch\u1eef th\u00ec \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ecdng tuy\u1ec7t hay. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u00ean h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 nhu\u1ed9m, ch\u1eb3ng may ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm sang xin \u00f4ng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 th\u1edd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat vi\u1ebft ngay: - Thi\u1ebfp k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi l\u00e1 th\u1eafm xe duy\u00ean, khi v\u1eadn t\u00eda, l\u00fac c\u01a1n \u0111en, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n, nh\u1edd b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecf; Ch\u00e0ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi su\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, v\u1ee3 m\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng, con r\u0103ng tr\u1eafng, t\u00edm gan, t\u00edm ru\u1ed9t v\u1edbi tr\u1eddi xanh. C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 nhu\u1ed9m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1eafc m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f3c ch\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi b\u00fat ph\u00e1p tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t khi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ba b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Thu \u0111i\u1ebfu, Thu v\u1ecbnh, Thu \u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t b\u00fat, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho m\u00f9a thu Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1eeb trong m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt. Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Thu \u1ea9m: N\u0103m gian nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf th\u1ea5p le te, Ng\u00f5 t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00eam s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1eadp l\u00f2e. L\u01b0ng gi\u1eadu ph\u1ea5t ph\u01a1 m\u00e0u kh\u00f3i nh\u1ea1t, L\u00e0n ao l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u0103ng loe. Da tr\u1eddi ai nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0 xanh ng\u1eaft, M\u1eaft l\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea7y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecf hoe. R\u01b0\u1ee3u ti\u1ebfng r\u1eb1ng hay hay ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103m ba ch\u00e9n \u0111\u00e3 say nh\u00e8. V\u00e0 h\u00e3y nghe nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u b\u00ecnh c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay nh\u1ea5t trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0\u201dL\u00e0n ao l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng tr\u0103ng loe\u201d v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1eady c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u01a1: \u201cL\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi s\u0129 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, b\u00f3ng tr\u0103ng v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ao s\u00e1ng l\u00f3e ra, b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef l kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng (l\u00e0n l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh loe) g\u1ee3i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kim lo\u1ea1i, ba d\u1ea5u s\u1eafc thanh kh\u1ee9 (l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng) g\u1ee3i \u00e1nh b\u1eafn \u0111i, t\u1eeb loe v\u1edbi \u00e2m oe g\u1ee3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u00f2n (tr\u00f2n xoe), 75","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ao ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qua m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3\u201d (S\u0110D, trang 49). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd trong th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c t\u1eadp Qu\u1ebf S\u01a1n thi t\u1eadp, Qu\u1ebf S\u01a1n Tam nguy\u00ean thi t\u1eadp... ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ra th\u01a1 N\u00f4m - ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec \u00f4ng m\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac tinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t khi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt? Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u1ea5y thanh tho\u00e1t, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m th\u00e1ng tr\u00f4i qua. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc t\u00fac nho lu\u00f4n \u0111au bu\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m gia s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y con quan Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i - m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng khinh gh\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch - s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c l\u00f4i th\u00f4i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u0103m 1893, v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, v\u00f9ng H\u00e0 Nam b\u1ecb l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn; r\u1ed3i 13 n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 1905 l\u1ea1i l\u1ee5t n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng ngao ng\u00e1n: \u201cB\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng v\u1eddn tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch\/ Ti\u1ebfng s\u00f3ng long bong v\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0\u201d (V\u1ecbnh l\u1ee5t). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean ki\u00eam Kh\u00e2m sai qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 L\u00ea Hoan l\u1ea1i h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i Tao \u0110\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c thi V\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u00f3, tham d\u00f2 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u0129 phu v\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o\u201dth\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2n tr\u00e0o! \u0110i\u1ec1u o\u00e1i o\u0103m cho Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn - l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 70 xu\u00e2n - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cm\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0o Ban gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o, v\u00ec c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i khoa m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Cu\u1ed9c thi n\u00e0y Chu M\u1ea1nh Trinh chi\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 N\u00f4m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u201cV\u1ecbnh S\u1edf Khanh\u201d c\u1ee7a Chu M\u1ea1nh Trinh c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: - L\u00e0ng nho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng coi ra v\u1ebb, B\u1ee3m x\u1ecf ai ng\u1edd m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i tay. Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafng ph\u00ea: - R\u1eb1ng hay th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hay Nho \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u1ecf, l\u00e3o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a. 76","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1eebng con ch\u1eef khi l\u00e0m th\u01a1. V\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc l\u1eabn \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t gian kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng - k\u1ebb t\u1eebng c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n truy qu\u00e9t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ec1 Th\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1nh t\u01a1i b\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u00ean b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea3o - n\u00ean c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u1edf nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cM\u1eaft l\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea7y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecf hoe\u201d, \u201cNgh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 c\u1ef1u v\u1eafng d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u0111au\u201d, \u201cN\u0103m canh m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00eam h\u00e8 v\u1eafng\u201d... l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e1m b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00f4m k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c thi, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o quan kh\u00e1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cKi\u1ec1u b\u00e1n m\u00ecnh\u201d - nh\u01b0 n\u00e9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e1t \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t L\u00ea Hoan: C\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 xong nh\u1ec9, Th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m quan c\u0169ng th\u1ebf a? B\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1eafng cay \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t gian kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft b\u1ebb g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eafn mang th\u00eam bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng khinh b\u1ec9 \u201cth\u1eb1ng b\u00e1n t\u01a1\u201d. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea7m v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn tay sai, nh\u01b0ng qua th\u01a1, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 s\u0103n ngay l\u00fac ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3. C\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1eafng chi\u1ec1u thoi th\u00f3p b\u00f3ng ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra s\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m b\u00ean h\u00f2n non b\u1ed9 nh\u00ecn hai \u00f4ng ph\u1ed7ng. C\u1ee5 r\u00f3t m\u00ecnh ch\u00e9n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 th\u00eam hai ch\u00e9n m\u1eddi k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea9m. Nh\u01b0ng hai \u00f4ng ph\u1ed7ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ee5 n\u00e2ng ly c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5p m\u00f4i, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u xoa \u0111\u1ea7u hai \u00f4ng ph\u1ed7ng, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t u\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1t hai ch\u00e9n r\u01b0\u1ee3u kia. Xong, c\u1ee5 ng\u1ed3i th\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u00e1 l\u0103n xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 gi\u1ecdt l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng... Con ch\u00e1u r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i an \u1ee7i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef N\u00f4m - trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng: - \u01a0n vua ch\u1eeda ch\u00fat b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1n C\u00fai tr\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u00f4ng l\u00ean th\u1eb9n tr\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eddi ta th\u00e1n 77","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n M\u1edbi hay tr\u0103m s\u1ef1 vu\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n S\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f4n ch\u1edd g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ed3 kh\u00e2m li\u1ec7m ch\u1edb n\u1ec1 x\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t K\u00edn ch\u00e2n tay \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00f3t th\u1eddi th\u00f4i C\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eebng to l\u1eafm con \u01a1i H\u1ec5 ai ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i, con m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n T\u1ebf \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eebng g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c m\u00e0 chi Minh tinh con c\u0169ng b\u1ecf \u0111i M\u1eddi quan \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 con th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean M\u00f4n sinh ch\u1edb b\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea5y B\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng v\u1eady m\u00e0 th\u00f4i Kh\u00e1ch quen ch\u1edb vi\u1ebft thi\u1ebfp m\u1eddi Ai \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ec5 ph\u00fang con th\u1eddi ch\u1edb thu Ch\u1eb3ng qua n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ebft \u0111i r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ng\u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u! L\u1ea1i mang c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng to \u0111\u1ea7u Khi nay b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n, khi sau ch\u00ea b\u00e0n C\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vua ban ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc Khi \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ea7y con r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean L\u1ea1i thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t l\u0169 ph\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8n V\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba th\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i b\u00ean d\u0103m th\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ng nhung nh\u0103ng qua qu\u00fdt C\u00fang cho th\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t \u00edt r\u01b0\u1ee3u hoa \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0o m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef trong bia R\u1eb1ng: \u201cQuan nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u\u201d Qua b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi th\u1ee9c tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta - nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u00e1m tang th\u00ec gia ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 mang theo tr\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i... v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u00f3a - nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5 d\u1eb7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i minh tinh l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh l\u1ee5a, v\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y ghi t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, t\u00ean th\u1ee5y, tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111em d\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i khung b\u1eb1ng tre, n\u1ee9a 78","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y n\u00eau (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tri\u1ec7u) r\u1ea5t cao r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc quan t\u00e0i, mai t\u00e1ng xong th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1t; \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 (c\u00e1i th\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd) t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho linh h\u1ed3n - vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc... S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nho Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TS. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Giao - ch\u00e1u g\u1ecdi Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc, con trai Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i - th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ec1 su\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng, c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 con ch\u00e1u: \u201cKhi c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebft th\u00ec t\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ng qua loa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng, khi c\u1ea3i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ee5 l\u00ean n\u00fai Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng tinh nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea5n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee5 xu\u1ed1ng. C\u1ee5 v\u1ebd c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 giao cho \u00f4ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ba t\u1ea7ng thang m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u1ea1 huy\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ee5 Tam nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1n con ch\u00e1u sau n\u00e0y hun \u0111\u00fac t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt thanh b\u1ea1ch n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3\u201d. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng - d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00fai Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng - m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khoan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (B\u00e1o Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng& x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 4\/5\/1997). Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn - x\u00e3 Y\u00ean \u0110\u1ed5, huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh L\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong khu t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m thi h\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m bia l\u1edbn: d\u00e0i 1,5 m\u00e9t (c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n), d\u00e0y h\u01a1n 10 ph\u00e2n, ngang 80 ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean 300 k\u00fd; tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Thu \u0111i\u1ebfu n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: Ao thu l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo n\u01b0\u1edbc trong veo, M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u b\u00e9 t\u1ebbo teo. S\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0a l\u00e0n h\u01a1i g\u1ee3n t\u00ed, L\u00e1 v\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e8o. T\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u1eddi xanh ng\u1eaft Ng\u00f5 tr\u00fac quanh co kh\u00e1ch v\u1eafng teo. T\u1ef1a g\u1ed1i bu\u00f4ng c\u00e2u l\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, C\u00e1 \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n b\u00e8o. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc 79","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM L\u1ec5 x\u01b0\u1edbng danh t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0 Nam (1897) do \u1ee6y ban Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cTrong b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng hi\u1ebfm hoi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean b\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o th\u00e3i ph\u1ee7 ph\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 cung b\u1eadc v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n\u201d(1). (1) Thi h\u00e0o Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u01a1 - Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc - NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 1992. trang 7. 80","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u201c\u00d4ng vua\u201d c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tu\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u00fac, nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n tu\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u h\u00e1t b\u1ed9i c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng H\u1eadu T\u1ed5. \u00d4ng sinh ng\u00e0y 3\/4\/1845 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Vinh Th\u1ea1nh, t\u1ed5ng Nh\u01a1n \u00c2n, ph\u1ee7 Tuy Ph\u01b0\u1edbc (B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh), t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 Th\u00fac, hi\u1ec7u M\u1ed9ng Mai, Mai T\u0103ng. T\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n Di\u00eau - t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169 h\u1ed5, V\u00f5 Tam T\u01b0 ch\u00e9m c\u00e1o... ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y n\u00ean l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u201cVua Tu\u1ed3ng\u201d \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n (1845-1907) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft tu\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 19 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 T\u00e2n D\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3n. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean 30 v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u K\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cSo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u00f4ng, th\u00ec \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n, mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u00f4ng 81","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nguy\u1ec5n Di\u00eau (th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00fa t\u00e0i Nh\u01a1n \u00c2n) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u0103n tu\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n r\u1ea5t hay, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng v\u0103n tu\u1ed3ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\u201d. C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft tu\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kh\u00fac \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n b\u00ean trong d\u00e0o d\u1ea1t m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft tu\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft tu\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft tu\u1ed3ng cho t\u1ed1t, cho c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u1eafng nghe t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh...\u201d. N\u0103m 22 tu\u1ed5i, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n thi \u0111\u1eadu c\u1eed nh\u00e2n, b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ki\u1ec3m t\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i sung ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0 \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t ti\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tu\u1ed3ng theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u1ea5u, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch, Tam b\u1ea3o th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m th\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3u... N\u0103m 29 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c Bi\u00ean tu r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m tri ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ea1ch. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadm nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 33 tu\u1ed5i \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 T\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c lai v\u01b0\u01a1ng, Qu\u1ea7n tr\u00e2n hi\u1ebfn th\u1ee5y v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u1edf V\u1ea1n b\u1eedu tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n kh\u00e1 su\u00f4n s\u1ebb, su\u1ed1t 30 n\u0103m trong ch\u1ed1n quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng - tr\u1eeb hai l\u1ea7n \u0111i l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c An T\u1ecbnh (10 n\u0103m), l\u00e0m Tri ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ea1ch (2 n\u0103m) th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf 18 n\u0103m. Sau khi vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c b\u0103ng h\u00e0, \u00f4ng xin treo \u1ea5n t\u1eeb quan. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i l\u00fac \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh l\u00ean ng\u00f4i th\u00ec \u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi ra l\u00e0m quan tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ho\u00e0ng Trung Th\u00f4ng th\u00ec: \u201cl\u00e0m quan l\u00e0 c\u00e1i x\u00e1c, l\u00e0m th\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ed3n\u201d. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m quan, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00fat t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 qua c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i quan x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a): \u201cVua nh\u1eafm s\u1ee9c k\u1ebb b\u00e0y t\u00f4i m\u00e0 giao vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f2n k\u1ebb ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb9, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quan\u201d. V\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m quan th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i, minh b\u1ea1ch. L\u00fac ng\u1ed3i gh\u1ebf Ph\u1ee7 do\u00e3n Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9t T\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn theo T\u00e2y h\u00e0 hi\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. B\u1ecdn quan nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n khuy\u00ean can \u00f4ng: - B\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o \u00f4ng Ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng c\u1ee9 lo so\u1ea1n tu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9 h\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3? 82","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i, nghe v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp b\u00e0n qu\u00e1t l\u1edbn: - S\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n ngang tr\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecb th\u00ec c\u00f2n m\u1eb7t m\u0169i n\u00e0o d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 trong tu\u1ed3ng? L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 th\u1eb1ng b\u1ed3i Ba l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m cho quan Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n mua b\u00f2 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. Ai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00ec h\u1eafn vu c\u00e1o l\u00e0 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng cho T\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn. C\u00e1c quan tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u1ee9c l\u1eafm, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i th\u00ec quan Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn can thi\u1ec7p xin v\u1ec1 ngay! \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn th\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7. Quen th\u00f3i h\u1ed7n l\u00e1o, t\u00ean b\u1ed3i Ba ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi lung tung - k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n - v\u00e0 h\u0103m d\u1ecda l\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u201cm\u00e9c\u201d v\u1edbi quan T\u00e2y. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea1ng r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n cho ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u ngay, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u00e1o cho quan Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9. T\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y t\u1edb b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u00f4n t\u1ed3n: - M\u1ed9t t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e9m \u0111i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n, h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u00f4i, ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! N\u00f3i xong, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a cho quan Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 t\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3i Ba. T\u00ean Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng h\u1eafn v\u1eabn v\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i: - B\u1ed3i Ba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, sao \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c giao cho Ph\u00e1p x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t? \u00d4ng c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p: - H\u1eafn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao quan Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i giao cho B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9? H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Pa-t\u01a1-n\u1ed1t n\u0103m 1884 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u! C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 c\u00fa t\u00e1t \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t t\u00ean Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9, h\u1eafn h\u1eadm h\u1ef1c b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 - sau khi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean bu\u00f4ng ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u0103m d\u1ecda... Tuy v\u1eady, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u2019Empire d\u2019Annam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Charles Gosselin t\u1eeb trang 465 \u0111\u1ebfn 468 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cV\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng cao \u0111\u00e0m phong l\u01b0u nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng 83","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u1ed1c, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngu\u00f4i, c\u00e0ng ng\u1ed3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u c\u00e0ng th\u00eam h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa. \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i th\u00edch nghe chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea9y ra trong x\u1ee9, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n v\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111em ra b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i di\u1ec7n h\u00f4m nay l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n t\u00fac nho, khi ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb v\u1eabn m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u01b0u \u00e1i, ba phen gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec7m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 trong nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00ec d\u01b0 bi\u1ebft hai n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft tay nhau c\u00e0ng th\u00eam c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y trong nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n v\u1eabn tay tr\u1eafng thanh b\u1ea7n, bao nhi\u00eau \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 danh th\u01a1m h\u1eadu th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1eb3n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau kh\u00e1c \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n\u201d. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh \u1edf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb quan c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1901 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p 14\/7, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An. Do b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1i l\u1ed9. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ngh\u1ec7 An ra s\u1ee9c che ch\u1edf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. Th\u00e1ng 11\/1902 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 xin T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111i kh\u1eafp B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u00f4ng Phan m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i khi anh h\u00f9ng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n danh s\u0129 phu Ngh\u1ec7 An, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3c \u201c\u0111\u1ea5ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu\u201d m\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 kim c\u00f2n m\u00e3i\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cR\u00f5 th\u1eadt t\u00f9ng mai kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft, tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1c s\u00e1ng tr\u0103ng sao\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c che ch\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i l\u00e0m th\u01a1 kh\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy sinh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng K\u1ebf Vi\u00eam, Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u... R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u00fac \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111ang bao b\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tu\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng hy sinh\u201d. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u00e1t trong tu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0: \u201cLao xao s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7 ng\u1ecdn t\u00f9ng\/ Gian nan l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 84","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM anh h\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2y\u201d; ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u1ea5m th\u00e2n li\u1ec1u g\u1edfi cung d\u00e2u\/ \u0110\u1ed1 con l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u00e0?\u201d; ho\u1eb7c: Qu\u1ea1nh qu\u1ebd t\u00ecnh ri\u00eang d\u1ea1 kh\u00f3 khu\u00e2y, Ch\u00e0y s\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ed9p tr\u1ed1ng canh ch\u1ea7y. Ng\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 h\u00ed gi\u00f3 nghe d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, Gi\u1ecdt l\u1ec7 h\u00f9ng anh g\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y. \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n r\u1eddi c\u00e2y b\u00fat v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e1t. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i tu\u1ed3ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p - h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh... \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n tu\u1ed3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 h\u00e1t b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n c\u00f3 t\u00ean H\u1ecdc B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t do \u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t tu\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb quan. \u0111\u00f3ng vai Chu Du Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda r\u1ea1p \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho treo c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n (Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch): Tr\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng cho nh\u00e0n, t\u00ecm ch\u00fat th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i trong b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n; Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 k\u1ecbch, ch\u1edb c\u01b0\u1eddi trong gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n. V\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f9y x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i\/ Ph\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c h\u00fd\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: T\u00f9y ch\u1ed7, t\u00f9y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm lung tung. T\u00f9y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n, m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Li\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a). Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An (1889-1893), \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda tu\u1ed3ng Tam n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1a th\u00e0nh Khu\u00ea c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng, 85","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng S\u01a1n h\u1eadu, Phi Ph\u1ee5ng v.v... S\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1, t\u1eeb kh\u00fac c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 30 v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1edf d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 100 h\u1ed3i, di\u1ec5n t\u1edbi 100 \u0111\u00eam nh\u01b0 V\u1ea1n b\u1eedu tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng, Qu\u1ea7n tr\u00e2n hi\u1ebfn th\u1ee5y. Ch\u00ednh vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c - m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua hay ch\u1eef - c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eang m\u00ecnh th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00fat ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n\u201d. S\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ai M\u1eb7t - n\u1ea1 tu\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean tem s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1eadu sinh nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 \u201c\u00f4ng vua c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tu\u1ed3ng\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u th\u01a1 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp M\u1ed9ng Mai ng\u00e2m th\u1ea3o, M\u1ed9ng Mai thi t\u1ed3n, M\u1ed9ng Mai t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c, M\u1ed9ng Mai v\u0103n sao. N\u0103m 1904, l\u00fac tr\u00f2n 60 xu\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n x\u00edch m\u00edch v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e2n - Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i - \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n xin v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y k\u00e9p h\u00e1t l\u00e0m vui. L\u00fac v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng b\u1ed1n m\u1eabu l\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1n. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ung dung, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0u mang th\u00eam h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i k\u00e9p h\u00e1t n\u00ean \u00f4ng m\u1edbi b\u00e1n \u0111i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ee7 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng quan h\u01b0u kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea v\u1ee1 hoang v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n l\u00e0ng Hu\u1ef3nh Gi\u1ea3ng (x\u00e3 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00f2a ng\u00e0y nay) th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c. Ru\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0: \u201cQuy canh\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111i c\u00e0y. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 giai tho\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 cha, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n 86","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2m cao c\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ed7 cha b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong H\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Vinh Thanh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c! N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00e0i hoa Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u201cNh\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u00ea th\u1ee7 b\u00e1i hoa mai\u201d (su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc hoa mai) th\u00ec \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 M\u1ed9ng Mai, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u01b0\u1eddn l\u00e0 Mai v\u1edbi c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i (d\u1ecbch): D\u00f9ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00e1i v\u01b0\u1eddn, V\u1eeba c\u00f3 duy\u00ean ph\u1eadn, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh \u00fd. V\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1: N\u00fai Mai r\u1ed3i gi\u1eef x\u01b0\u01a1ng Mai nh\u00e9, \u01af\u1edbc m\u1ed9ng h\u1ed3n ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a Mai. Ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1907 \u00f4ng vua c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tu\u1ed3ng, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft xu\u00f4i tay, t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ecd 63 xu\u00e2n. \u0110\u00fang Nh\u00e0 T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh 87","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai Hu\u1ef3nh Mai - c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1eddn mai ch\u1eebng v\u00e0i c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. T\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong t\u1eadp K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (Ty VHTT Ngh\u0129a B\u00ecnh XB 1978), c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cv\u0103n d\u0129 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d v\u1ed1n in d\u1ea5u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tu\u1ed3ng. V\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tu\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 n\u00e2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tu\u1ed3ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc... \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1edbi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eeba k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u1ed1n c\u1ed5, v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1i m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. 88","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ngh\u00ecn thu ti\u1ebfng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh ng\u00e0y 5\/9\/1870 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng V\u1ecb Xuy\u00ean, huy\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 L\u1ed9c (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi sau truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng qua hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1: K\u00eca ai ch\u00edn su\u1ed1i X\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e1t, C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ngh\u00ecn thu ti\u1ebfng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. L\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng sai n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Tam Nguy\u00ean Y\u00ean \u0110\u1ed7 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn; v\u1edbi T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, \u201cTrong nh\u1eefng thi s\u0129 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i, t\u00f4i kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d; v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Hoan, \u201cT\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7n th\u01a1 th\u00e1nh ch\u1eef\u201d... v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u: \u00d4ng Ngh\u00e8, \u00f4ng Th\u00e1m v\u00f4 m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i, \u0110\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t T\u00fa t\u00e0i. T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n: \u201c\u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 X\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0103n chu\u1ed1i ng\u1ef1\u201d! \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh th\u01a1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cay \u0111\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee3t, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u201ctr\u00e1i tai gai m\u1eaft\u201d trong bu\u1ed5i giao th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p - Vi\u1ec7t. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ngao ng\u00e1n t\u1ef1 tr\u00e0o chua ch\u00e1t: V\u1ecb Xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1edf d\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u01a1ng Cao l\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n qu\u00eet Th\u1ed5 \u0111\u0129 l\u1ea1i ch\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1eddng 89","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e0 nho, trong th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i nh\u1ed1 nh\u0103ng, m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng Tranh v\u1ebd nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng (1870-1907) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, tr\u00ean tem in n\u0103m 2007 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 nho c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 \u201cth\u1ecb d\u00e2n l\u01b0u manh\u201d! Nh\u00ecn ra x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chung quanh, \u00f4ng ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn: \u201cNh\u00e0 kia l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea1o, con khinh b\u1ed1\/ M\u1ee5 n\u1ecd chanh chua, v\u1ee3 ch\u1eedi ch\u1ed3ng\/ Keo c\u00fa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9t s\u1eaft\/ Tham lam chuy\u00ean th\u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng chua ch\u00e1t: \u201c Tri ph\u1ee7 Xu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ni\u00ean\/ Nh\u1edd tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1t \u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh y\u00ean\/ Ch\u1eef y ch\u1eef chi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn\/ \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 quen ph\u00ea m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef ti\u1ec1n!\u201d. Chao \u00f4i! \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng, hai kinh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7 r\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc V\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea5y: \u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 va \u0111\u1eadp d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c - nh\u00e0 nho. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m n\u00ean ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i t\u1eed c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u201cx\u00e9t x\u1eed\u201d. Tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t khi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i lay l\u1eaft, hay ch\u00ed \u00edt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa ng\u00f4i vua v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft. 90","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM S\u1ef1 l\u00fang t\u00fang, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vua quan nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1ecda ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 quan l\u1ea1i, nho s\u0129 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ec9 sau H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Pat\u01a1n\u1ed1t (1), d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u201d(2). Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00fa c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c giao tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n - n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong cu\u1ed9c giao tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 con ngu\u1eddi b\u01a1 v\u01a1, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 b\u00edu. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c giao tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi: v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00e2n th\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Trong cu\u1ed9c giao tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111i, h\u1ecd \u0111i kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i; c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111i th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m \u0111i. Cho n\u00ean, r\u00fat c\u1ee5c, b\u01a1 v\u01a1 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ebf t\u1eaft l\u00e0 th\u1ebf\u201d (3). (1) H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Pat\u01a1n\u1ed1t: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. B\u1edfi v\u1edbi H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n khai t\u1eed ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam. Ng\u00e0y 6\/6\/1884 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Jules Paten\u00f4tre k\u00fd H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 19 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n, n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: N\u01b0\u1edbc Nam th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. N\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd thay m\u1eb7t Nam trong m\u1ecdi quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. Ngay sau khi k\u00fd xong, Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i \u0111em \u1ea5n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a vua Thanh - bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c - \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i b\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang! Ngo\u00e0i ra, ranh gi\u1edbi ba mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc - Trung - Nam c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i: B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 (t\u1eeb Ninh B\u00ecnh tr\u1edf ra bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t-Trung), Trung k\u1ef3 (t\u1eeb Ninh B\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn Ninh Thu\u1eadn) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c An Nam, \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p; Nam k\u1ef3 (t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn tr\u1edf v\u00e0o) l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Than \u00f4i! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Nam ch\u00ed B\u1eafc nay th\u00e0nh ba x\u1ee9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y sang k\u1ef3 kia ph\u1ea3i... xin gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh! \u0110\u1ec3 k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u201ccon h\u1ed5\u201d ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean T\u00e2n v\u1edbi Trung Hoa. V\u00e0 ngay sau khi k\u00fd h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Pat\u01a1n\u1ed1t, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4n ngoan k\u00fd v\u1edbi Trung Hoa \u201cHi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u201d, g\u1ed3m 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c coi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam. B\u00f9 l\u1ea1i, Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi C\u01a1 Long v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u0110\u00e0i Loan. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta ph\u1ea3i \u2018t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady, nh\u1edd v\u1ea3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u201cd\u1ea7u s\u00f4i l\u1eeda b\u1ecfng\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. (Xem Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (1885- 1918) - D\u01b0\u01a1ng Kinh Qu\u1ed1c- NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1999). (2) Nh\u00e0 nho t\u00e0i t\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc V\u01b0\u01a1ng - NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c -1995- tr. 185. (3) T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng - th\u01a1, l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i - NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin - 2000 - tr.45. 91","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1eabn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, trong b\u00e0i K\u1ebb s\u0129, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c: T\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu ng\u0169, s\u0129 c\u01b0 k\u1ef3 li\u1ec7t D\u00e2n h\u1eefu t\u1ee9, s\u0129 vi chi ti\u00ean C\u00f3 giang san th\u00ec s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean T\u1eeb Chu H\u00e1n v\u1ed1n s\u0129 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00fd Trong n\u0103m t\u01b0\u1edbc (theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o D\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng H\u00e0m \u201cc\u00f3 n\u0103m b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i phu khanh, h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1i phu, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129, trung s\u0129, h\u1ea1 s\u0129; c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cl\u00e0 danh v\u1ecb m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua phong cho c\u00e1c quan to ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, g\u1ed3m n\u0103m b\u1eadc: c\u00f4ng, h\u1ea7u, b\u00e1, t\u1eed, nam) th\u00ec s\u0129 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o trong. Trong d\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng: s\u0129, n\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec s\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f4m na th\u00ec s\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o Nho \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ra l\u00e0m quan. \u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1 ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u00f4i kinh n\u1ea5u s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y vinh quy b\u00e1i t\u1ed5 \u201cng\u1ef1a anh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00f5ng n\u00e0ng theo sau\u201d, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3: Trong lang mi\u1ebfu ra t\u00e0i l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1ng, Ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean th\u00f9y r\u1ea1ch m\u0169i can t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Oai phong bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau! L\u1eabm li\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau! Trong \u201clang mi\u1ebfu\u201d (n\u01a1i vua ng\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh) h\u1ecd gi\u00fap vua, thay vua gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean \u1ea3i \u0111em m\u0169i can t\u01b0\u01a1ng (g\u01b0\u01a1m) d\u1eb9p gi\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean d\u00e2n, ph\u00f2 vua \u0111\u1eb7ng b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c! Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, l\u1ec1u ch\u00f5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb s\u0129! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng khi nh\u1eadn ra b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: N\u00e0o c\u00f3 ra g\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1eef Nho, 92","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u00d4ng Ngh\u00e8, \u00f4ng c\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m co. Chi b\u1eb1ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1n, T\u1ed1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u s\u00e2m banh, s\u00e1ng s\u1eefa b\u00f2! Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ed3n th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo t\u00f4i, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Phan Kh\u00f4i cho in b\u00e0i th\u01a1 T\u00ecnh gi\u00e0 tr\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 10\/3\/1932. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ta ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Phan Kh\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 T\u00ecnh gi\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn h\u1ed3i \u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 thi ca\u201d (Ho\u00e0i Thanh - Thi nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam). V\u00e0 \u201cs\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00e1m thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o th\u01a1 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khi th\u01a1 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd h\u01a1n\u201d (V\u0169 ng\u1ecdc Phan - Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a Phan Kh\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c kh\u1eaft khe, d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c\u0111\u1ec1, th\u1ef1c, lu\u1eadn, k\u1ebft\u201d nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng n\u00e2ng n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u01a1. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1eeba du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng trong th\u01a1. Qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ngoa khi n\u00f3i th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn, qua th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eady b\u00e9n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0... m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p! \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n c\u00e1c thi nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. M\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ed1i \u0111i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 khai t\u1eed nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng, nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m g\u00f2 b\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1edf \u1ea5y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u00e0o th\u01a1 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb l\u1ea1 l\u1eabm, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i d\u00e2n d\u00e3 \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: 93","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM H\u1ea9u l\u1ed1, m\u00e9t x\u00ec, \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3, Ch\u1eb3ng sang T\u00e0u, c\u0169ng t\u1ebfch sang T\u00e2y. (Mai m\u00e0 t\u1edb h\u1ecfng) S\u01a1 kh\u1ea3o khoa n\u00e0y b\u00e1c C\u1eed Nhu, Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u1eeba d\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ngu. V\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c, Ch\u1edb c\u00f3 khuy\u00ean x\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft b\u1ecf bu! (\u00d4ng c\u1eed Nhu) Kh\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n r\u1ed3i V\u1ee3 l\u0103m le \u1edf v\u00fa Con t\u1ea5p t\u1ec3nh \u0111i b\u1ed3i (Th\u0103m b\u1ea1n ngh\u00e8o) Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00e3y nghe Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft ma l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng t\u1ef1 tr\u00e0o \u201cT\u00e1m khoa ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u201d: \u201cC\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169, trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y b\u00fat \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i m\u1ee9c: L\u00f4i th\u00f4i s\u0129 t\u1eed vai \u0111eo l\u1ecd, \u1eacm \u1ecde quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng th\u00e9t loa. L\u1ecdng c\u1eafm r\u1ee3p tr\u1eddi, quan s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, V\u00e1y l\u00ea qu\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7m ra. Th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m theo l\u1ed1i ch\u1eedi, m\u00e0 ch\u1eedi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00ec d\u1ec5 gi\u00f3 bay. T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 b\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 a-x\u00edt \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u00f3, c\u1eafn cho n\u00f3 n\u00e1t ra, ch\u00e1y \u0111i. Ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef \u00c2u T\u00e2y n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Le ridicule tue); th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9: c\u00e2u tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u201cL\u00f4i th\u00f4i s\u0129 t\u1eed vai \u0111eo l\u1ecd\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi: c\u00e1c quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1eadm \u1ecde mi\u1ec7ng th\u00e9t loa, th\u00e9t l\u00e0 oai phong 94","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM l\u1eabm l\u1eabm, loa th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i r\u1ea5t xa, ti\u1ebfng g\u00ec? Ti\u1ebfng \u1eadm \u1ecde, \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh v\u1edbi \u201cd\u1eadm d\u1ecda\u201dnh\u01b0ng \u1eadm l\u00e0 \u201c\u1eadm \u1eeb\u201d, \u1ecde l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f4n \u1ecde\u201d, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1eeda, h\u00e1ch l\u1eafm, m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai nghe r\u00f5 g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ebfn hai c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi, T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ea5n r\u1ed9ng ra: v\u00e1y l\u00ea qu\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t; quan s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7m ra, c\u1ef1c nh\u1ee5c cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau, ch\u00fang n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang n\u00f3 ra, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ki\u1ec3u, c\u00e1i tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, ai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c: Tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m ngoi \u0111\u00edt v\u1ecbt, D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1eed ng\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m t\u00f2a \u00e1n, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m nh\u00e0 \u0111oan, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ee5c l\u1ed9, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2y th\u00e9p... nh\u1eefng con m\u1eb9 \u201c\u0103n chi cao l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eaby \u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao\u201d \u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i b\u1ea3nh ch\u1ecde tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng mu\u1ed1n khoe sang, khoe c\u00e1i oai v\u1ec7, l\u1ea1i ngoi \u0111\u00edt v\u1ecbt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e2y ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng, th\u1eadt v\u1eefng. Ch\u00fang n\u00f3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, trong khi tr\u00ean l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eady theo chi\u1ec1u ngang th\u00ec \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1eed ng\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3ng\u201d c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 c\u00e1nh chu\u1ed3n, ng\u1ea9ng l\u00ean s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1y t\u1ea1. L\u1ea1y ai? L\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i L\u00f4i th\u00f4i S\u0129 t\u1eed vai \u0111eo l\u1ecd \u0111\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7m! Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung, T\u00fa \u1eacm o\u1eb9 quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng th\u00e9t loa (th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng) X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 ng\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u1eef b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecfng\u201d (C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1987). D\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i: \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n r\u1ed3i. M\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc, ch\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i. C\u00f4 h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n s\u00e1ch lim dim ng\u1ee7, 95","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Th\u1ea7y kh\u00f3a t\u01b0 lu\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5p nh\u1ecfm ng\u1ed3i. S\u0129 kh\u00ed r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 g\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1o, V\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea5m \u0103n x\u00f4i. Bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec1u ch\u00f5ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. V\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u201cn\u1edf m\u1eb7t n\u1edf m\u00e0y\u201d v\u1edbi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng than \u00f4i! Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea9y t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n \u0111i thi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eadu t\u1edbi... T\u00fa t\u00e0i! Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n thi r\u1edbt, T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e2m ra cay c\u00fa, c\u0103m th\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh cay \u0111\u1ed9c, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc qua th\u01a1. Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00fang, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi s\u0129 - tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn d\u00f9 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa c\u1eed, ra l\u00e0m quan l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. V\u00e0 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng, qua th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n khi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, L\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00ed sinh ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc 96","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u00f4ng \u201cMu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecdc v\u00f5 bi\u1ec1n\u201d - m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0u th\u1eddi m\u1eabn th\u1ebf, tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang qu\u1eabn, ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu \u1ea5y qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 S\u00f4ng l\u1ea5p, V\u0103n t\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3, \u00c1o b\u00f4ng che \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0110i h\u00e1t m\u1ea5t \u00f4 v.v... \u0110\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, theo t\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 S\u00f4ng l\u1ea5p: S\u00f4ng kia r\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 khoai V\u1eb3ng nghe ti\u1ebfng \u1ebfch b\u00ean tai Gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfng ai g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f2 Ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 y\u00eau b\u00e0i l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t tr\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m M\u1eadu D\u1ea7n (1998) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch \u0110o\u00e0n Tu\u1ea5n t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xe hon-\u0111a v\u1ec1 th\u0103m qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba: \u201cGi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng, n\u1eafng g\u1eaft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Th\u00e0nh Nam c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX nh\u1eefng thi s\u0129 d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3: Th\u00e0nh Nam c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed an b\u00e0i Ph\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, v\u1ea1n ch\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 C\u1eeda \u0110\u00f4ng Nh\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch H\u00e0ng L\u1ecdng, H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, H\u00e0ng Thao H\u00e0ng Gi\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00e1ch y\u00eau \u0111\u00e0o Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm qu\u1ed1c s\u0129 th\u00ec v\u00e0o V\u0103n Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng N\u00e2u, s\u00e1t H\u00e0ng C\u00f3t b\u00ean ch\u1ee3 Ho\u00e0ng V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn t\u1eebng \u201cT\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh\u201d: \u1ede ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng N\u00e2u c\u00f3 ph\u1ed7ng s\u00e0nh, M\u1eaft th\u1eddi thao l\u00e1o, m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi xanh. Vu\u1ed1t r\u00e2u n\u1ecbnh v\u1ee3, con bu n\u00f3, Qu\u1eafc m\u1eaft khinh \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1i b\u1ed9 anh. B\u00e0i b\u1ea1c ki\u1ec7u c\u1edd cao nh\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, R\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 trai g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee7 tam khoanh. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ta gi\u1ecfi, C\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c \u0103n ch\u01a1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. 97","B\u1ed8 S\u00c1CH K\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec6N DANH NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i khu C\u1ed3n V\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng Ph\u1ee5 Phong. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng hoang, \u0111\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 c\u1ed3n m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a trang. R\u1ed3i m\u00e3i sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean V\u1ecb Xuy\u00ean. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e0nh Nam x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc L\u00fd (S\u1edf V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh - 1997) th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft: \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1865 l\u00e0ng V\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh l\u00e0ng V\u1ecb Xuy\u00ean. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh khi c\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea7n B\u00edch San thi tr\u00fang Tam nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u vua. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ecfi qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n, c\u1ee5 th\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng V\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng. Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. Ki\u00eang t\u00ean h\u00fay, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ed7i Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh Xuy\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n quen g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00e0ng V\u1ecb Xuy\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng - m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ea5t V\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u00f4ng N\u0103m 1883, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o tay gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m 1913, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng V\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng N\u00e2u, H\u00e0ng M\u00e2m, H\u00e0ng Son. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1956, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean V\u1ecb Xuy\u00ean. Ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khang trang, n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i l\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9ng. Ngay tr\u00ean m\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110o\u00e0n Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecdc r\u00f5 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u 98","T\u1eacP 4: DANH NH\u00c2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM M\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean V\u1ecb Xuy\u00ean (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh) ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng, Tr\u1ea7n K\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u201cK\u1ebf\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1eady \u201ck\u1ebf x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f2n \u201ct\u1ebf\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00fang b\u00e1i\u201d (t\u1ebf l\u1ec5), l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb), l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap (t\u1ebf b\u1ea7n), l\u00e0 giao thi\u1ec7p (t\u1ebf giao)... V\u1eady \u201ct\u1ebf\u201d \u0111i v\u1edbi \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d - l\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng - th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ch\u0103ng? V\u1eady \u201ct\u1ebf\u201d hay \u201ck\u1ebf\u201d? R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y bia m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi th\u00eam cho r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd khi ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ebf\u201d l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u0103ng? B\u1edfi trong b\u00e0i Thi h\u1ecfng khoa Qu\u00fd M\u00e3o (1903), \u00f4ng c\u00e1u ti\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m \u201cCao\u201d sao ch\u00f3 th\u1ebf, \u201cKi\u1ec7n\u201d tr\u00f4ng ra \u201cTi\u1ec7p\u201d h\u1ee1i tr\u1eddi \u00f4i! Trong tr\u01b0a n\u1eafng, th\u1eafp n\u00e9n nhang l\u00ean m\u1ed9 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh, b\u1ed7ng nghe \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u00f3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 trong V\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: N\u00f4 n\u1ee9c qua ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t V\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng, N\u01a1i n\u00e0y phong v\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quan. 99"]
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