TTPS MAGAZINE ISSUE No.5

ISSUE NO 5July - September, 2017

CMUSYTSOTMEREYR OutreachCitizens, residents ...Tell us about ourpolicing services. Do you have a complaint, suggestion or want to commend our officers for a job well done? As a Mystery Customer you can: Anonymously call us @ 800-TTPS or 8877, Go online @ www.ttps.gov.tt and complete the questionnaire or Fill out a suggestion/complaint form at any Police Station. Tell Us about Your experience with the Police and how We can make it Better. LET US HEAR FROM YOU! Trinidad and Tobago Police Service … striving to make every place in Trinidad and Tobago Safe www.ttps.gov.tt

Contents JULY - SEPTEMBER 2017 • Issue No. 503 Message from the Commissioner of Police05 Editor’s Note 0606 His Excellency Appeals for Unity in Crime Fighting09 Prime Minister – The Police is Not the Enemy 0910 CoP Launches National Body-Worn Camera Experiment 10 2413 Body-Worn Cameras – A Component of TTPS’s National 64 43 Hotspots Patrol Strategy 2017 51 5315 Body-Worn Cameras in the Trinidad and Tobago PoliceServiceTT TTPoliceService Police Service – A Step in the Right Direction www.ttps.gov.tt17 A Discussion on Firearm Trends within Trinidad and Tobago20 Murder Solve Rate Increases23 South Western Division Achieves 63% Detection Rate24 Media Headlines and Public Perception of Police26 TTPS Launched All-New 10-Code Radio System27 New Act Introduces Demerit Points to Target High Risk Drivers29 CoP Receives UN Inspired ‘HeForShe’ Award31 Traditional and Contemporary Issues and Concepts in Policing33 Importance of a National Crime Recording Standard for the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service35 The ‘Academic’ Discussion of Policing37 Planning and Project Implementation – Supporting Transformation of a Modern Police Service39 Public Speaking Training for Community Policing41 Professional Standards Bureau43 CPU Brings 900 Child Cases to Court45 Keeping Our Children Safe From Harm46 Stop Bullying!49 Foster Care – Making a Difference in a Child’s Life51 Ministry of National Security Campaign – Aims to Inspire Citizens to be the Solution to Crime and Violence53 NGC welcomes Mayaro into its Sponsored Police Youth Club56 National Security Officers Foundation – Keeping the Memory of Fallen Officers Alive59 ‘Starsky & Hutch’ – No. 19304 PC Stefon Khan and No. 9098 PC Vickram Balkissoon62 PYC Success Stories64 Fit For Duty



A Message from the Commissioner of Police Stephen Williams, MBA, M.St, LLB, LEC, MCMI police officers to carry out their duty without ‘fear or Commissioner of Police (Ag.) favour’. To guarantee this insulation in policing matters, legal andA s we continue to grow and develop as a procedural safeguards are in place to ensure the society, the Trinidad and Tobago Police neutrality and impartiality of the Service. The Trinidad Service (TTPS) stands out as the institution, and Tobago Police Service is governed by the Police charged with the onerous and sacred Service Act (Chapter 15:01). This allows for the responsibility of protecting life and maintenance of an impartial Police Service operating property. In the fulfillment of this solely on the basis of the laws enshrined in the responsibility, the independence of the Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago and other pieces of Police Service must at all times be assured. legislation.The independence of the Police Service is so sacrosanct, The TTPS is also proud to be influenced and guided bythat the framers of the Constitution of Trinidad and our Strategic Goals, laid out in the TTPS Strategic PlanTobago, thought it fit to ensure its insulation from external 2017-2019, which was developed after consultation with ainterference (Section 123). This was intended to enable wide spectrum of stakeholders and the general public. We persist in our efforts to transform the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service into a modern organization, while continually strengthening our relationships with communities and the public at large; and we employ where necessary the use of new technological solutions, to optimize and improve the delivery of our service to the public. Our officers put their lives on the line on a daily basis to serve the citizens of this country. A fact which was highlighted by His Excellency Anthony Carmona, President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, when he spoke at the Commissioner of Police Independence Day Reception. We remain true and hold firm to our oath to ‘serve without fear, favour, affection or ill will’ and the principles of fairness and neutrality. I wish to give the nation the assurance that you have a committed police service with professional officers, all geared towards serving this nation with P.R.I.D.E - Professionalism, Respect, Integrity, Dignity and Excellence. We look forward to receiving an increased level of support and encouragement from all citizens of Trinidad and Tobago, as we work purposefully to surpass all expectations of us. We encourage every citizen to do what he/she can to assist us in making every place in Trinidad and Tobago safe, as we all have a vested interest in the safety and security of our beloved nation. Stephen Williams 03

ContributorsDeputy Commissioner of Police (Ag.), Assistant Commissioner Publisher Crime and Support, Harold Phillip of Police (Ag.), North East Trinidad and Tobago Police Service McDonald Jacob Editor Felix Pearson Ellen Lewis Head- Corporate CommunicationsSuperintendent (Ag.) Beverly Rodriguez Assistant Superintendent (Ag.) Coordinator, Photography Karen Lancaster-Ellis No. 13335 Cpl. (Ag.), Nigel Stephen No. 7539 PC Brent Batson Proofreading Assistant Gregory Sloane-Seale Brenda BalroopSuperintendent (Ag.) Auditor, Internal Audit Unit Andre Norton Writers Joneille Johnson Corporate Communications O cer Shane Jitta Corporate Communications O cer Shemuel London Corporate Communications O cer Ryan Nanton Sta Writer ASP (Ag.) Eric Drakes No. 13882 W/Sgt Greer Lawrence No. 16719 Cpl Cyllan Gillead Stakeholder Contributors Police Complaints Authority Children’s Authority of Trinidad and Tobago Citizen Security Programme O ce of Law Enforcement Policy The National Gas Company of Trinidad and Tobago Photography Audio Visual Unit Photography Unit Cover Image No. 17646 PC William Andrew Art Direction/ Graphic Design Kenneth Henry Printers Caribbean Print Technologies Contact Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Police Administration Building Cor. Edward and Sackville Streets Port of Spain O ce: (868) 625-8395 Fax: (868) 625-7133 Email: publica [email protected] www.ttps.gov.tt TTPS Quarterly is produced by the Corporate Communications Department, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service All rights reserved. Trinidad and Tobago Police Service must be appropriately credited for any partial reprint or duplication of this magazine. 04

Editor’s Note In the midst of the many challenges faced,officers remained focussed under the astute leadership of the Commissioner of PoliceIn this, the 5th issue of the TTPS Quarterly, we thought it important to feature prominently statements by The President and The Prime Minister, who on separate occasions, raised issues that gnaw at the core of police legitimacy, which was in focus to varying degrees this past quarter. Their individual perspectives taken together could perhaps serve to positively influence and steer us, as a society, towards a healthier police-public relationship, that is built on mutual trust and respect for the rule of law. In the midst of the many challenges faced, officers remained focussed under the astute leadership of theCommissioner of Police. In so doing, as an organisation we achieved success as it relates to impacting the levels of safety and security in the country, and the consequent reduction in the sense of fear, sometimes felt by the citizenry. Along this line, the Homicide Bureau of Investigations has been at the forefront of our efforts to build public confidence in the ability of the police to ensure that persons are charged for the heinous crimes they commit.We know there is a long road ahead in our efforts to secure the public’s trust, but the journey begins with a single step in the right direction. A major advancement for us as a developing society is the launch of the national body-worn camera experiment, in August, which followed a successful pilot project in the Central Division several months prior.The introduction of the use of body-worn cameras will significantly enhance the quality and complexion of police interactions while on duty, and has already found favour with the association representing police officers and the agency that stands as a watchdog on the matter of police conduct. The youth of our nation, continue to show us the way and lead by example – in this regard, we feature some members of the PoliceYouthClub, for whom the sky is the limit! A cadre of our women police made the trip to Cairns,Australia, this year, for the InternationalAssociation ofWomen Police 55th conference, where Commissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams, became the first recipient of the Male Advocate Award, which you can read more about later in this publication. As usual, we hope this magazine improves your perspective of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service and serves to encourage you to work with us for a better and safer Trinidad and Tobago. Send us your suggestions or comments to publicaff[email protected]. Ellen Lewis Head - Corporate Communications 05

FEATURE We need to come together. We all have a vested interest inpeace, security and social harmony. Shemuel London T hese were the words of the President of the Republic of Trinidad andCorporate Communications Officer Tobago, His Excellency Anthony Thomas Aquinas Carmona, as he prepared to lift a toast to the nation at the Commissioner of Police Independence Day reception, at the Police Administration Building, Port of Spain, onAugust 31st 2017. 06

Prime Minister, the Honourable Dr. Keith Rowley and Mrs. Sharon Rowley and Commissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams with his wife, the Honourable Justice Avason Quinlan-Williams.Instead of presenting his prepared speech, PresidentCarmona President Carmona also urged citizens to be much morechose to deliver a passionate plea for much greater public appreciative of the challenging work police officers undertakeparticipation in the fight against crime, urging citizens to put daily. Coming to the defence of the Police Service, Presidentaside their differences and work towards creating a safer Carmona described the many risks and sacrifices police officerssociety. make in the execution of their duties, while imploring the public“There is no need to be combative or belligerent,” President to be grateful for the efforts these officers make.Carmona said. “This is not about politics.This is aboutTrinidad “Our officers in this present Police Service are very committedandTobago and if we want to give total credence to the legacy to the task at hand. I can tell you from personal experience,of 55 years of Independence, one way we can do it is by having worked in the criminal justice system for some 30 years,coming together to solve the issue of crime.Certainly it can be that I have met officers of resilient calibre, character, heart,diminished, with the collaboration and the assistance of all vision and commitment.”and sundry in Trinidad and Tobago regardless of race, “Any time a police officer leaves his home he is not sure toethnicity, political affiliation, prejudice, bias or whatever group return,” President Carmona said. “It really hurts my soul thatyou belong to.” this reality is lost on the general populace, who feel that onePointing to an example of this positive police/community bad orange will spoil the whole bag of oranges, and that is notcollaboration, His Excellency commended the citizens in the so.”South Western region of Trinidad and the police officers “Sometimes we don’t get it right, but that does not mean thatattached to the South Western Division for their impressive we don’t want to get it right,” President Carmona said. “I docrime detection accomplishments and low crime rate, saying grieve quietly when I see how police officers are maligned bythat it warmed his heart to learn of this. the community.They are dealing with a level of criminality that“What is really taking place in that region is community service is phenomenal. I want to impress upon you that I feel we needat work, where the policemen are being respected in the to say thanks.”community and they do not see the police as the enemy, but The annual celebration was held at in the Solomon McLeodas their friend. This has to do with the calibre of police officers LectureTheatre, which is named after an officer who was felledworking in that division.” President Carmona said. 07

Chief Justice,The Honourable IvorArchie, The Honourable Maj. Gen (Ret’d) Edmund Dillon, Minister of National Security, Mrs. Reema Carmona and Mrs. Denise Rodriguez-Archie.during the July 1990 attempted coup. The President began at the Queen’s Park Savannah and ended in Stdisclosed that he knew the late officer personally and James.added that, “We have patriots, who have displayed Also in attendance at the reception were Prime Minister,insurmountable character in making the ultimate sacrifice the Honourable Dr. Keith Rowley and Mrs. Rowley, Chieffor the sake of this beloved country.” Justice, the Honourable Ivor Archie and Mrs. Archie,President Carmona especially singled out the PoliceYouth Minister of National Security, Major General Ret’d, theClub initiative for high praise, commending the work of Honourable Edmund Dillon and Mrs. Dillon, Commissionerofficers involved in PoliceYouth Clubs. Recounting stories of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams and Mrs Williams, Chief offrom his experiences, he explained how these clubs have Defence Staff, Commodore Hayden Pritchard, Chairman oftransformed and saved many lives across Trinidad and the Police Service Commission, Dr. Maria Therese Gomes,Tobago. along with Deputy Commissioner of Police (Ag.), Crime andHe however criticised the media, which he said were not Support, Harold Phillip, Deputy Commissioner of Policedoing enough to highlight these positive stories. “Is (Ag.), Operations, Deodat Dulalchan, Deputyanybody talking about those wonderful stories? No. This Commissioner of Police (Ag.), Administration, Erlais where the press have the responsibility, the moral Christopher, Head, Corporate Communications, Ellen Lewisresponsibility to report good things, because there are and a host of First Division Officers and Civilian Heads.many good things taking place in Trinidad and Tobago.” President Carmona and the other guests in attendanceThe event followed the 55th Independence Day Parade, which participated in a toast to the nation’s 55th Anniversary of Independence during the celebratory event. 08

EnemythPreimiesPMinonisolteitrc-teheI’m pleased to tell you that the efforts that we have beenmaking with the Police ServiceA t an event themed ‘Conversations with the Prime Prime Minister, the Honourable Dr. Keith Rowley, at 'Conversations with the Minister’, at the St Augustine Secondary School, Prime Minister', on September 13th, 2017, at St. Augustine. on September 13th 2017, Prime Minister the Honourable Dr Keith Rowley, spoke to what he “I want to say to them, if at the moment when you do that, yousaw as the successes achieved by the Trinidad and think that the police is your enemy, think again. Because youTobago Police Service (TTPS), in the fight against crime. too one day, one hour, when the criminal element turns on“I’m pleased to tell you that the efforts that we have been you, after you call out toGod, you have to call out to the police.making with the Police Service and other aspects of security So stop that foolishness!” The Prime Minister is quoted asunder government’s policy, that those efforts are beginning having said.to bear fruit. We are beginning to see some improvement in The Prime Minister closed off his discussion on the issue, bythe performance of the police,” Prime Minister Rowley said. calling for a national response to the criminal element in ourMaking mention of TTPS improvements in crime society, urging citizens to take up their responsibility to ensureprevention and detection, Prime Minister Rowley also security inTrinidad andTobago.alluded to advancements made in achieving a major “We need a national cooperation. We need to come togetherstrategic goal of the TTPS; the ‘Strengthening of as a nation and to focus on our problems as a people, becauseCommunity Engagement, Citizen Centered Service and the problems that we are facing are not PNM problems, UNCStakeholder Participation’. problems or COP problems, they are the problems of Trinidad“We are beginning to see some improvement in results and and Tobago. And it matters not who is in office. If we don’tonly today I have heard the police say that they are address those problems as national imperatives, then all webeginning to see greater cooperation from some members will see is a longer period of suffering, and very little prospectof the national community which are assisting them in of turning around the corner. So wherever these mattersgetting a better result in fighting crime. We are on the right occur, let us see them as national requirements, which all of ustrack,” Prime Minister Rowley explained. are required to play a part, matter not how small.”In a firm stance, the Prime Minister condemned the recentinstances of attacks on police officers that occurred indifferent parts of the country, to a lusty round of applausefrom the crowd present.“I want to condemn those people in communities whoattack the police when the police are carrying outlaw-enforcement operations.” 09

Shemuel London IATF officers No. 17834 PC Hakim Bullem and No. 17995 PC Kyle LaCorporate Communications Officer Paiz, demonstrate how the Si500 Motorola devices will be worn by officers. B oth locally and internationally, there has been an increasing call for police to wear body-worn cameras while on duty.These calls for police to be outfitted with video-capture technology, follow many controversial interactions between police and civilians, where comprehensive video evidence of transpiring events would have been vital in addressing the issues that would have arisen in these instances. 10

the use of Body-Worn cameras, impacts positively on police behaviour, police use of force, citizen behaviour and citizen-community relationsCommissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams, addressedattendees at the launch of the Body-Worn CameraExperiment, on Friday 21st July, 2017, at the St Joseph PoliceStation.As a pioneer of reforms and modernisation atthe Trinidad and Tobago Police Service(TTPS), Commissioner of Police (Ag.),Stephen Williams understands the potentialof body-worn cameras to positively impactmany aspects of policing and police-citizeninteractions. Commissioner Williams is nowspearheading the thrust to implement the useof body-worn cameras in policing in Trinidadand Tobago.On Friday 21st July, 2017, CommissionerWilliams, launched the first national experimentto be undertaken in any part of the world, on the Commissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams, shares a laugh withTSTT CEO, Dr. Ronalduse of body-worn cameras by police officers.The Walcott, on his left and TSTT Executive Vice President Strategic Alliance, Enterprise and Tobago Operations, Rakesh Goswami, at the launch.launch which took place at the St Joseph PoliceStation is the result of a TTPS partnership with theTelecommunications Services ofTrinidad andTobago (TSTT). During the course of the experiment, the following will beTSTT sourced and purchased the body-worn cameras from investigated;Motorola, and donated them to the TTPS for the duration ofthe experiment. The experiment which began on August 8th • The extent and nature of compliance with the use of2017 will be conducted over a six-month period, and will see the Body-Worn Camera Policy,the random deployment of the devices to police officers • Change in the quality of Hotspot patrols, • Change in use of force by police officers whilst on duty,across the nine Police Divisions. • Change in firearm discharges,At the launch event, Commissioner Williams noted that • Change in complaints against police officers,similar experiments conducted in the United States and other • Change in injuries caused to police officers duringwestern countries, have found that the use of body-worncameras, impacts positively on police behaviour, police use of police-civilian interactions,force, citizen behaviour and citizen-community relations. He • Change in injuries caused by police to civilians duringexplained that the experiment will propel the evidence-basedpolicing thrust of the Police Service, also noting that many police-civilian interactions,times citizens record only parts of incidents involving police • Change in police self-legitimacy before and after theofficers and not the entire incident, which places police at a introduction of body-worn cameras, • Change in citizens perception of police legitimacy, and • Increase in prosecution rates by aiding evidence collection.disadvantage. 11

TSTT Chief Executive Officer, Dr RonaldWalcott, described the experiment as a“ground breaking initiative”. He stated that theprogramme will complement the many tacticsand methods that are currently employed bythe TTPS, and expressed the belief that thisinitiative will aid in modernising themanagement of police officers in the executionof their duties. He also said that thisexperiment will enhance the relationship thepublic has with the police, building theconfidence in the police necessary for effectivepolicing. Commissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams views a body-worn camera being displayed by No.16297 PC Rishi Rampersad. Looking on areTSTT CEO, Dr. Ronald Walcott, (left) and TSTT Executive Vice President Strategic Alliance, Enterprise and Tobago Operations, Rakesh Goswami.The Si500 Motorola Body-Worn Cameras and charging port. several layers of security to restrict access. The way the footage gets from the cameras to the command centre is seamless, asAccording to Dr Walcott, TSTT sought out the best information is automatically transmitted on capture to thetechnology available globally, which they ensured was a Command Centre.robust and reliable solution that can integrate easily into Once fully charged, the cameras will be affixed to the front of anany system. Through a partnership with Motorola, the officer’s uniform and will be able to record up to eight hours ofMotorola Digital Evidence Management Solution which footage. The long-term goal will be to equip all officers with theprovides a unified capture store and visual evidence system devices to aid in policing. CommissionerWilliams explained thatwill be employed in the experiment, along with the at this point, the implementation of the device will need to bebody-worn camera technology. supported by a 1departmental order, mandating that all officersThe high-resolution Si500 body cameras which will be used on duty refrain from removing or switching off the cameras.have a 210-degree angle scope, five microphones for Police officers present at the launch expressed particularlyclarity of sound, can operate well in unlit areas and can be positive sentiments about the introduction of the body-wornsubmerged in one metre of water for up to 30 minutes.The cameras into their day-to-day policing operations. PC Hakimdevice has a pre-buffering system which means that no Bullem, an officer attached to the Inter-AgencyTask Force (IATF)lengthy set-up is required and the camera starts recording said that he had no concerns about the introduction of theonce the device is switched on. technology, saying that it was extremely easy to use andFootage from the cameras cannot be modified by anyone operate. PC Rishi Rampersad, of the St Joseph Police Station,as they are encrypted once they are captured and stored also welcomed the introduction of the new technology, sayingon a database in a Command Centre. The Command that it could only improve the service offered to the public.Centre is a cloud-based solution which has a vault with Another IATF officer, PC Kyle La Paiz explained that the cameras would be extremely useful in their operations, as they would provide evidence to counteract any unfair allegation against the police that may occur in operations such as narcotic offence arrests. Commissioner Williams explained that the experiment will be conducted in conjunction with another experiment in Hotspot Policing, all in an effort to improve policing in Trinidad and Tobago. He called on members of the public to support the police in this initiative and in all their efforts to makeTrinidad and Tobago safe. “Safe environments are not miraculously created by the wave of a magic wand. They are developed through the careful, passionate and deliberate action of the people,” he said.1.Departmental Order No 93 of 2017 titled ' Use of Body -Worn Cameras in theTrinidad andTobago Police Service' was published on Friday 17th August,2017. 12

Body-Worn Cameras - Assistant Superintendent (Ag.),A component of TTPS’s Andre Norton, MSt., MSc., BSc., MCSENational Hotspots Patrol Crime and Problem Analysis Branch Strategy 2017Overview of Body Worn Cameras the world for capturing police-citizen encounters. They haveA body-worn camera (BWC) is a small mobile audio and video made police operations more transparent and have beencapture device that allows police officers to record found to deter unprofessional, illegal and inappropriatepolice-citizen interactions. The device, which consists of a behaviors both by police officers and by citizens. Sufficientcamera, microphone, battery and onboard storage, is empirical evidence exists which suggests that police agenciesdesigned to be head mounted or worn at different points on that utilize BWCs receive fewer complaints.the body depending on the model. Deployment of Body Worn CamerasBWCs are perceived by many to be a promising way for law In view of the foregoing and in keeping with emergingenforcement to achieve several of its aims including reducing technology trends in law enforcement, the Trinidad andcitizen complaints and incidents of use of force; and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) has recently embarked onimproving evidence gathering, public confidence in police introducing BWCs as an additional component of its policingand police legitimacy. These small devices are used as toolkit, geared toward achieving transparency in its dailyvaluable tools by various police agencies in different parts of operations. A total of sixty (60) cameras were loaned to the TTPS by the Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago (TSTT) for a six (6) month evaluation 13

period and were incorporated into theTTPS National Hotspots Despite the above compulsory requirement, the BWC mustPatrol Strategy 2017 - an experiment geared toward increasing NOT be used to record events which occur in policethe night-time patrol dosage in crime hotspots. An analysis of our dormitories, dressing rooms, restroom, or any other placedata revealed that most violent crimes occur during the time where there would be a reasonable expectation of privacy.period 4:00 p.m. to 4:00 a.m. It is therefore hoped that by Any requests for recorded data from the BWCs must beincreasing night-time patrols in crime hotspots we can made in writing to the Commissioner of Police (CoP). Allexperience a significant reduction in these offences by year’s end. stored data will be kept for one (1) year from the date ofThe timeline set for the experiment is the period August 1st capture except where it is required to be presented as2017 to January 31st 2018. This experiment involved firstly evidence in the courts of law, it shall be retained until suchselecting the top forty (40) police stations based on the matters are determined in the courts.volume of serious reported crimes (SRCs), pairing stations on In order to avoid alteration or damage to the originalsimilarity in crime volume after which a computerized recorded media, it shall not be copied, viewed oralgorithm was used to randomly assign these forty (40) police otherwise inserted into any device not approved by thestations into two categories namely; treatment stations CoP or his designee.(n=20) and control stations (n=20). TTPS’ InformationTechnology (IT) department is responsibleThe experiment is currently being managed by a project team for ordering, issuing, retrieving, storing and duplicating allheaded by Commissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams. recorded media. They are also responsible for managing theThe project team facilitated the training of police officers in long-term storage of the recorded media that has beenthe eight (8) geographical divisions in which the treatment deemed to be of evidential value in accordance with thestations are located in the proper use and handling of the prescribed evidence storage protocols and the recordsBWCs. On completion of the training sessions, the cameras retention schedule.were incorporated in the inventory of each of the twenty (20) Expected BenefitsTreatment stations and became an item of kit in the station’s Some of the key outcomes expected from deploying thesedaily handover as per StandingOrder 17.Overall responsibility cameras as part of the hotspots experiment are listedfor the safety and security of this equipment was entrusted to hereunder:the respective station commanders who were mandated tomaintain daily issues register for tracking the issue and return • Enhancement in the quality of patrols;of each camera. No cameras were assigned to any of the • The preservation of audio and video data forcontrol stations in keeping with the experiment’s design.Policy Document for BWCs investigative purposes;In order to legitimize the incorporation of the BWCs as part of • Provide officers with the ability to review recordedthe experiment and by extension it’s subsequent and eventualreplication across the entire organization, it was necessary to statements for judicial purposes;introduce a policy document to legislate usage of these • Enhance public trust through the preservation ofdevices. As a result, consultation sessions were held acrossthe entire organization and Part 2 Departmental Order (DO) factual representation of all police-citizenNo 93 of 2017 – titled “Use of Body Worn Cameras in the encounters which may be contentious;Trinidad andTobago Police Service\" – was published on Friday • Enhanced officer safety;11th August, 2017. This new DO has repealed Part 2 DO 75 of • Insulate officers against false accusations by2016 (dated Wednesday 8th June, 2016) and can be accessed members of the public;online viaTTPS’ Intranet (portal). • Decrease the number of complaints made againstSome of the key areas covered in this policy document include police officers in the execution of their duties;but are not limited to the following: • Provide checks against the abuse of power by police officers in carrying out their duties. • Usage Conclusion • Prohibited recordings Introducing BWCs to the TTPS is a significant achievement • Data download and storage for the organization and its mere implementation aligns this • Review of recorded data organization with law enforcement agencies in the • Responsibilities of the information technology developed world. As an organization we have not audio or video recorded police-citizens encounters in the past. On department many occasions our officers experience very volatile • Recording media storage & integrity encounters with citizens which often times result in radicallyThe DO mandates that every police officer who is fitted with a divergent accounts of those incidents, especially by theBWC and dispatched on patrol duty must immediately on being public. BWCs therefore provide our organization with an idealdispatched, place the BWC in \"Record Mode\" (the process that opportunity to protect our officers against false accusationscauses the BWC system to commence recording) and once in of use of force and inversely will insulate the public againstthis mode, it must remainON until the end of the shift. misconduct by our officers thereby resulting in a virtually win-win situation both for the organization and the public we serve. 14

Body- Worn Cameras in theTrinidad and Tobago Police Service -RighintADthSierteecptionO n the 21st July 2017, the Police Officers demonstrate how the body-worn cameras are to be worn, at the launch of the Trinidad and Tobago experiment, onJuly 21st 2017. Police Service (TTPS) embarked on a six monthexperiment in collaboration withTelecommunications Services ofTrinidad and Tobago to outfitsome police officers throughoutthe nine policing divisions withinTrinidad and Tobago withBody–Worn Cameras (BWCs).The Police Complaints Authority(PCA) anticipates positiveoutcomes from this initiative.Therefore, it is hoped that thisproject will culminate in thepermanent, mandatory andwidespread use of BWCs by allpolice officers particularly thosewhose duties require them tointerface with the public. ThePCA has been an advocate forthe use of BWCs since BWCsemerged as an important toolwith the potential to enhancetransparency and accountabilityand to engender greater trust in police officers.InTrinidad andTobago there is the perception that theTTPS does not have the trust of the citizenry. To illustrate the point, therewere several serious incidents which received the attention of both the PCA and the TTPS including the fatal shooting of threepersons in Moruga on July 22, 2011; the road traffic incident in Sea Lots on February, 24, 2013 which claimed the lives of a womanand two children; and the fatal shooting of a man in Rich Plain on November 20, 2014. In each of these matters, critical witnesses, 15

who were unwilling to provide information to the TTPS detailed to give the officers using the device clear instructionspresented themselves to the PCA - a civilian oversight body for its usage. However, of note is that there is no mention inwith investigative powers which are exercisable by non-police the Departmental Order of where the camera must beofficers. This allowed the PCA to record statements which placed. Two important factors of clear audio and thewere instrumental in making decisive steps in each of those positioning of the camera so as to capture exactly what is inmatters. It must, however, be stated that the issue of a lack of the officer’s line of sight and focus are very important.trust in the police is not unique to this jurisdiction and is also The PCA is pleased to note that the camera will be placed inexperienced in developed nations such as the United States of “Record Mode” as soon as the officer leaves for patrol and theAmerica where the said issue exists between the police and entire shift is recorded without interruption. This reduces thedepressed communities. officer’s discretion as to when the camera must be turned onThere are several benefits of implementing BWCs throughout when he/she has to record an incident.the TTPS including the enhancement of public safety; the Further, the PCA is in agreement with the provision within theimprovement in relations between police officers and the Departmental Order which requires the officer, in everypublic; the resolution of incidents whether in favour of the encounter with a member of the public, to advise that thepolice officer or the citizen; the revelation of necessary areas camera would be recording the interaction.for training and sensitization of police officers; the The issue of privacy of both the officer and citizen may be animprovement in the public’s confidence in the criminal justice area of contention or concern although it is accepted that insystem; and a reduction in the state’s exposure to civil Trinidad andTobago there is no constitutional right to privacy.litigation. Both citizens and the police officer may be wary of what isAdditionally, and perhaps most importantly, there is being recorded and may also wish to have access to theevidentiary value that BWC would bring in deciding whether or recording. A citizen may, for example, be apprehensive ofnot to charge an individual, as the BWC, once used as lodging a report, particularly one of a sensitive nature,intended, should reflect exactly what transpired. This may because he or she would not be aware of all persons who mayhave the resultant effect of improving the working ultimately have viewing access. He or she may say toenvironment of the police officer who can be at relative ease in themselves: what may be the outcome of such a report?carrying out his duties knowing that the BWC may provide However, the PCA is of the view that a comprehensive policyevidence of police-citizen interactions; and can potentially governing cameras, would ensure that the benefits outweighinsulate or refute frivolous allegations, against the officer. the invasions of privacy that will occur with BWCs.Finally, the BWC can also be used as a training device to show As far as the length of time recordings are to be kept, it is thepolice officers the correct and/or wrong way a situation was PCA’s view that for recordings to be beneficial they must behandled. Footage captured during poor and commendable kept until needed. It is to be noted that under theinteractions can be replayed during training sessions to Departmental Order, data is maintained by the TTPS for aillustrate the Do’s and Don’ts of police citizen interactions. minimum of one year and data that may be used in a criminalOn the other hand, there are drawbacks to the use of BWCs case and/or citizen complaints against officers will beand these include the fact that the devices may be a resource “retained in accordance with existing policy and procedures.”burden on the state. It is noted under the experiment only It is hoped that video recordings would be stored offsite in asixty cameras were handed out to the TTPS. Additionally, secure and confidential location, with only TTPS Informationthere is also a need to manage the public’s expectations as Technology (IT) personnel having knowledge of the site’ssome citizens may be of the view that the BWC is a panacea to location.the problem of police misbehaviour and abuse of authority.There must be clear policy to guide the use of BWCs. This is To conclude, the PCA hopes that this project will continue toexactly what theTrinidad andTobago Police Service Social and grow from strength to strength. It is our opinion that theWelfare Association was advocating before the project could advantages of BWCs outweigh the disadvantages (perceivedcommence. Now that Departmental Order No. 93 has been or real) and, in time to come, the PCA is hopeful that theTTPSissued, it does in fact give clear guidance on the use of the will produce data which speaks to the success of this project.BWCs for theTTPS. For the police to effectively solve crimes, there must beThe Departmental Order issued by the TTPS is sufficiently TRUST between the community and the police. The use of BWCs is one way of gaining that trust. 16

A Discussion on A t a recent Joint Select Committee (JSC) Firearm Trends hearing on National Security, the country within Trinidad was astounded to learn that there is an estimated $100 million illegal firearm trade and Tobago locally (Lord, R-Trinidad Guardian. 2017). This intelligence provided to the JSC by the Strategic Services Agency (SSA), indirectly dispelled the notion that “guns and drugs come together” as it is evident that there are firearm traffickers who specifically deal with firearms only, given its lucrative commerce. Given the range of persons, of varying social and economic classes, being arrested for firearm possession, one can only begin to imagine who the true beneficiaries of these illegal firearms are. No.16719 Corporal Cyllan Gillead Traditionally, most illegal firearms were importedOrganised Crime and Intelligence Unit via our vulnerable coastline, especially along the SouthWestern peninsula. Given the close proximity to Venezuela, firearms were easily procured and made available to Organised Crime Groups (OCG’s) based on their requirements. Small arms, specifically pistols and revolvers, were regarded as tools for personal protection, murders or robberies, given their concealment advantage. Contrastingly, larger firearms such as AK 47’s and AR 15’s were geared towards ‘drug turf’ protection and radical undertakings. This illegal firearm consumer market has increased to include businessmen, prior ‘crime’ victims and firearm enthusiasts, who acquire illegal firearms for subjective motives. As such, the need to have a ‘clean firearm’ is of paramount importance, as it insulates the holder from potential prosecution if the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS) at the Forensic Science Centre (FSC) determines that the firearm has been used previously in a crime locally. 17

The firearms sourced via South America were predominantly how many are being used in criminal enterprise. Equally so, it ispre-used firearms and only a few were sourced new. The virtually impossible to apply a ‘passing grade’ to theexpanding consumer base stimulated traffickers to source new interdiction efforts of the agencies tasked with manning ourfirearms from North America, which entered our various ports ports and coastlines (Trinidad andTobago Coast Guard and theby utilizing diverse methods, via the airports, seaports and Customs and Excise Division), as there is a uninterruptedsmaller tourist vessels to name a few. Of these, the most supply of illegal firearms.challenging appears to be the effective manning of the sea- What can be measured however, are the efforts being made byports, where containers brought by businesses are seemingly the TTPS across the nine policing divisions, as it relates tounchecked or at best- ‘skimmed on the surface’. By his own firearm recovery. Over the past two and a half years alone (Janadmission at the JSC, the Comptroller of Customs and Excise 2015-Aug 2017), the TTPS has recovered 691, 765 and 703stated that, “Forty percent of the containers entering this firearms respectively, in addition to approximately 37,000country were not scanned.” (Lord, R-Trinidad Guardian. 2017). rounds of assorted ammunition. Of these nine divisions, theThis position offers a degree of difficulty in calculating the majority of seizures were made in the Northern, Western andamount of illegal firearms entering our shore and additionally Southern divisions (See figure 1 attached). Of these 2,159 firearms seized, the largest categories were that Firearm Seizures by Division of pistols and revolvers. An Jan 2015 - Aug 2017 in-depth analysis of the 200 Port of Spain comparative period, January to 180 29th August 2016 and 2017 160 showed that there was a notable 140 120 Southern increase in both pistols and 100 Western revolvers being seized/found by 80 the TTPS. As a matter of fact, it 60 Northern may be safe to assume that 40 Central given the current efforts being 20 0 made by law enforcement, the South Western year-end figures may prove to Eastern be record breaking (See Figure 2 Northern Eastern &3 attached). Comparative Pistol Seizures by Division Tobago The current ‘recovery’ effort by Jan - Aug 2016 & 2017 the TTPS is encouraging and Figure 1- Firearms seized speaks directly to the across theTTPS divisions. commitment of its officers in treating with this issue. This70 63 66 65 stands in contrast to the 42 35 dispiriting viewpoint posited by60 56 51 the SSA, that these seizures are 43 Northern Central merely a drop in the bucket.50 40 1240 30 Western North 32 22 26 Eastern South30 Western 22 620 12 10 A research study conducted Eastern Tobago locally in 2008, by Wells et al, on10 the Illegal Gun Markets in Trinidad and Tobago identified0 Figure 2- that given the fact that there are Port of Spain Southern Comparative pistol seizures few reports of firearms being by division stolen, one can logically deduce Pistols (2016) Pistols (2017) that the majority of firearms Figure 3- locally are being imported. This Comparative Revolver Seizures by Division Comparative revolver seizures support the earlier position of a Jan - Aug 2016 & 2017 by division flourishing firearm market but again fails to capture a true35 31 27 32 23 13 13 7 27 22 estimate of the amount entering30 19 19 10 South 2 10 Tobago illegally. The researchers further Central Western North advanced that, “One baseline25 21 Western Northern Eastern Eastern against which gun retrievals can20 be compared is the number of15 12 homicides committed with guns”10 8 (Wells, Katz, & Kim, 2008). 5 0 Port of Spain Southern Revolvers (2016) Revolvers (2017) 18

Based on figures obtained from theCrime and Problem Analysis Branchof theTTPS, a significant 80.9% and Firearm Related Murders by Division75.5% of the murders that occurred 2015-2016in the years 2015 and 2016 120respectively involved the use of afirearm (See Figure 4 attached). A true 100 98estimation is unavailable as it is 80difficult to ascertain whether these 80firearm related murders were at 60 53 43 54 46best caused by individual weapons 40 38 40 34 43 38or there were multiple events 20connected to certain firearms, given 22 32 22 25the ballistic analysis backlog at the 17FSC. 22If the detection and seizure rate 0 Western Northern Central South Eastern North Tobago Western Eastern Port of Spain Southernshould be improved, it must begin atthe ports of entry first. The capacity 2015 (Firearms related murders) 2016 (Firearms related murders)of the external agencies supervisingthese ports must be revised orenhanced. Thereafter the TTPS can Figure 4- Firearm related murders by divisionfocus on the groups that procurefirearms by identifying the manyreasons people arm themselves such as the protection of their OCG’s,criminal activity, self-protection etc.A challenging demographic wouldbe those individuals who acquire firearms for their own protection orthat of their family members or who give in to Altruistic Fear, which isdefined as “When someone fears that a person other than himself will bethe object of a crime” (Warr & Ellison, 2000).Given the media sensationalism of crimes, the potential of individualsunknown to law enforcement procuring firearms to protect theirfamilies is real. The challenge lies in the fact that unless the firearm isbrandished or used, law enforcement may never know of its existence.In conclusion, kudos must be given to the various DivisionalTask Forcesof the TTPS who arduously recover illegal firearms. Whilst they maynot have been the recipients of technological advances in their fight,what is undeniable is the benefit of human intelligence. These TaskForces have shown the importance of maintaining social bonds withthe communities, so that intelligence can be gleaned of criminalactivities. According to researchers, “The effective use of informants canlead to relatively large numbers of gun retrievals” (Wells, Katz, & Kim,2008). Coupled with other technological advances and inter agencysupport, the issue of firearm trafficking can be alleviated.CAPA. (n.d.). Crime and Problem Analysis Branch.Trinidad andTobago:TTPS.Lord, R. (2017, July 04). JSC told illegal gun trade makes $100m annually. Retrieved August 28, 2017,from http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2017-07-04/jsc-told-illegal-gun-trade-makes-100m-annuallyWarr, M., & Ellison, C. G. (2000). Rethinking Social Reactions to Crime: Personal and Altruistic Fear inFamily Households. AmericanJournal of Sociology , 551-578.Wells, W., Katz, C., & Kim, J. (2008). Illegal Gun Markets inTrinidad andTobago. Report to the Ministerof National Security. USA: Research Gate. 19

Shane Jitta Corporate Communications OfficerHomicide Bureau of Investigations The Specialist Evidence Recovery Unit, established in has made significant progress September 2011, handles the retrieval of evidence from crime in solving murders for the scenes, the processing of vehicles involved in homicides, all first eight months of 2017, firearms seized by the police and the analysis of DNA evidence. with 70 homicides being Meanwhile, the Cold Case Unit, established in January 2016, deals with cases which are considered to have gone cold.Thebrought to a cl2o0se.5,%repsroelsveendtirnagtea. Unit is comprised of former senior officers who were previously homicide investigators and have years of experience and aT he Homicide Bureau of Investigations (HBI), wealth of knowledge in the field. Their main functions are to established in 1985, is specifically tasked with review files and advise investigators on further steps to be improving the detection rate for homicides and taken with a view of solving the particular cases. ensuring the prosecution of persons charged with such The HBI has made significant progress in solving murders for offences. Its primary functions are investigating reports of all the first eight months of 2017, with 70 homicides being brought unnatural deaths and assisting in the investigations of serious to a close, representing a 20.5 percent solved rate.This statistic woundings, missing persons and kidnappings. includes 16 murders from 2016 being solved, two murders The HBI consists of three regions; Region One, comprising the from 2015 and three murders from 2014, which were solved Port of Spain, Western and Tobago Divisions, Region Two, between January and August 2017. In total, 91 persons were comprising the North Eastern, Northern and Eastern Divisions, charged by the HBI in the first eight months of 2017. and RegionThree, comprising theCentral,Southern andSouth This compares with 54 murders solved for the corresponding Western Divisions. period of January to August 2016, which represented a 17.1 The HBI also has responsibility for the Justice Protection Unit, percent solved rate. During this period, 67 persons were the Specialist Evidence Recovery Unit and the Cold Case Unit. charged with murder, by HBI investigators. The Justice Protection Unit was established by Departmental This upward trend in solved cases and suspects being charged, Order No 121, dated Monday 23rd June, 2008. It is part of the has been made possible because of the high priority given to TTPS’s crime fighting initiative in the effective management of solving homicides, which are a major topic of concern in the witnesses, in conjunction with the Ministry of National national conversation on a daily basis. To this end, the Security. Commissioner of Police has ensured the Bureau is provided with dedicated resources which enable it to solve homicides in a timely manner. It is the experience of homicide investigators, that the first 72 hours are crucial after an incident.Therefore, a high priority is placed on these investigations by theTTPS, with the goal of apprehending suspects and securing convictions in the courts. 20

HBI officers are required to work closely with the State Prosecutor appointed to a murder case, to ensure that the matter proceeds in the courts with minimal problemsTo improve the solve rate, officers of the HBI receive specialist Ann’s, on Saturday 2nd September, 2017, resulted in chargestraining in a number of areas such as interviewing and being laid against John Smith and his common law wife,Virginiainterrogations, court procedures, criminal procedure rules, Nedd, on Wednesday 13th September, 2017. Similarly, with thebasic and advanced level criminal investigation techniques and assistance of CCTV footage Kareem Richardson and Adioemail and phone forensics. These skills are crucial in ensuring Mustapha Smith, were charged on August 7th and 10th , 2017,that every stage of the investigation, from the respectively, for the murder of AkenoThomas, 36, of El Dorado,charge to a suspect, is done professionally and effectively. which occurred on Thursday 27th July, 2017. The victim died atOfficers of the Bureau are also trained in using a number of hospital after being shot at and stomped about the body.cutting edge tools and technology to assist them in conducting On the 17th and 21st July, 2017, respectively three persons,their investigations. including a relative of one of the victims, were charged with theTraining in the latest case management software, Holmes 2, murders of Haffiza Mohammed, 57, and Videsh Subar, 13, onprovides officers the ability to collect and manage vast June 28th, 2017, at Malabar. The accused are Solomon Bakshamounts of data, prioritise information and produce reports for (brother of Ms. Mohammed), Wayne Liverpool and Devonuse in court. Meanwhile, officers are trained in the use of Edwards.another very important suite of software applications, which And earlier this year, the newspaper headlines on Februaryallows them to access deleted data and other encrypted 6th 2017, screamed ‘Murder at MovieTowne’, after theinformation on mobile devices.The exposure of the officers to body of Jamilia Dereveneaux, 28 was found in thethese applications which are being utilized by other law basement of the MovieTowne complex, Port of Spain, whereenforcement agencies across the world with significant results, she worked. The day before the victim was found dead with agives the HBI the ability to perform at the highest levels of gash to the throat. Less than two weeks later, the accused:efficiency required from such a specialized unit. Matthew King, Jamal Lewis and Christopher O’Connor, wereOfficers are also trained in preparing case files for presentation charged with murder and attempting to pervert the course ofto the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) for justice, on Wednesday 15th February, 2017.advice on the preferment of a charge against a suspect. Robust investigative techniques and procedures, DNA andFurthermore, HBI officers are required to work closely with the fingerprint evidence, CCTV footage, data retrieved from theState Prosecutor appointed to a murder case, to ensure that victims’ cellular phones and close cooperation with the DPP’sthe matter proceeds in the courts with minimal problems. Office, were all critical in assisting investigators build very solidThere have been several major achievements for the HBI thus cases against all the accused in very short spaces of time.far in 2017, as it relates to closing of cases in a matter of weeks. These cases are just a handful of success stories coming out ofMany of the murders caused great outcries from members of the HBI and are textbook examples of how HBI officers put theirthe public placing ever increasing pressure on investigators to training to excellent use in investigating these horrific crimes.bring the cases to a satisfactory and successful closure, by The successful outcomes of these high profile cases arelaying charges against the perpetrators. definitely seen as justice served on time, and will continue toMost recently, intensive investigations into the brutal murder boost the confidence and trust the public have in the TTPS toof Dr. Claire Broadbridge,80, of Fondes Amandes Road, St. apprehend those persons in the society who commit murders. 21

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South-Western Division –T he Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS), in its The success in the reduction in crime is being Operating Plan for 2017, projects an increase in the attributed to the dedication and commitment national crime detection rate of 30% for the year. By of police officers and the willingness of the end of August 2017, the South Western Division had various communities to work with the TTPS tomore than doubled this projection with a crime detection rate ensure safety and security. Up to the end of August 2017,of 63%. officers of the South Western Division had conducted in excessThe Division also experienced significant success in its efforts of 18,697 mobile and foot patrols, placing great emphasis onto reduce the occurrence of serious reported crimes (SRCs) in hotspot patrolling, which proved to be an extremely effectivethe South-Western region of Trinidad. From January 1st to crime reduction strategy. Several traffic- related exercises wereAugust 5th 2017, there was a nine percent reduction in SRCs also conducted within the Division during this period, where ain this division, when compared to the corresponding period total of 3327 tickets were issued. Also, 6694 persons werefor 2016. administered DUI tests and 438 were arrested and charged forThe South Western division currently led by Senior the offence. The Division also continues to perform coastalSuperintendent (Ag.) Austin Lee, comprises of 10 Police patrols on a twenty-four hour basis paying particular attentionStations and one Police Post. These are located in Cedros, to persons utilizing the various beaches in the Division.Fyzabad, Erin, Guapo, La Brea, Oropouche, Penal, Point While the Division has achieved a commendable record ofFortin, and Santa Flora, with the Divisional Headquarters in performance for 2017 thus far, there remains the concern aboutSiparia and a Police Post in Cap deVille. the occurrences of gun-related violence and murders in theThis 63% detection rate recorded by the Division represents region. In this regard, the South-Western Division hasthe highest detection rate in all the nine divisions of the intensified its efforts to achieve a reduction in such crimes andTrinidad and Tobago Police Service. The nine percent overall up to the end of August, police in the Division had found andreduction in serious reported crimes, came as a result of seized 56 firearms of various types. Through sustainedsignificant reductions in key serious crime areas within the proactive operations such as this, the Division hopes to regainDivision. For example, for the stated period, there was a 10% the confidence and trust of the members of the communities inreduction in murders, a 19% reduction in robberies and a 36% all their station districts, thereby improving the perception ofreduction in burglaries and break-in offences, when safety and security inTrinidad andTobago.compared to the same period in 2016. The South-Western Division and by extension theTrinidad and Tobago Police Service, remains committed to partnering with communities through town and station council meetings and other community-based initiatives to intensify their firearm-violence reduction strategy, drive murders down and further increase crime detection. 23

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R ecently, there have been numerous instances of However, the public can also play a significant role in the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) successes formation of perceptions about the police. With the advent of that have caught the eye of the public and garnered social media, it is now possible for everyone to produce or share widespread positive media coverage. Many reports materials that reach wide audiences. There have beenand positive commentaries have appeared across traditional numerous positive comments about police work, as well asand social media channels, highlighting the hard work of many similar social media posts that have gone viral which allpolice officers in foiling crime plots, arresting suspected have an effect on the perceptions persons hold of the Policecriminals and solving crimes in quick time. Service.These positive reports are a direct reflection of the These perceptions are extremely important because of theirtremendous work being done by Police Officers, and draw direct connection with police legitimacy, which is a vitalattention to the successful strategies employed by the TTPS. ingredient for the success of policing operations. PoliceOfficers are undoubtedly encouraged to achieve even more legitimacy is the extent to which members of the public viewsuccess when news media draws attention to their the police as legitimate, often measured in terms of the public'saccomplishments. Such balanced reporting only serves to willingness to obey and cooperate with the police.further motivate theTTPS to pursue its vision of making everyplace inTrinidad andTobago safe. Often times, the assistance and co-operation of the public contributes greatly to policeIn addition to the general success in solving or preventingencouragement given to the Shemuel London crimes, apprehending criminalsPolice in their challenging Corporate Communications Officer and finding missing persons. Forcrime-fighting operations, this legitimacy in theTTPS to bebalanced media reporting also established, the public must athas a significant impact on the least have a perception of theperceptions citizens hold toward Police Service as fair, lawful andthe police. Many members of the effective.public may never havesubstantial interactions with For this reason the Public Affairspolice officers, and therefore will Unit of the TTPS has increasednot have first-hand knowledge its efforts in getting the manyof police from which to base their stories about police successesperceptions. In the absence of out to the public.Whilst the Unitsuch experiential knowledge, has many functions, one of itsmedia reports become main goals is to assist in fosteringconsiderably influential in how positive relationships betweenmany persons perceive the the Police and externalTTPS. stakeholders; to aid in establishing police legitimacyMedia companies make and public confidence in thedecisions everyday on what to Police Service, which isinclude in their news reports and necessary for successful crimethe extent to which particular fighting.issues and stories arehighlighted. For example, when It is therefore greatly beneficialpolice do outstanding work, a to safety in Trinidad andnewspaper can choose whether Tobago to highlight policeto capture this in an article, on successes across nationaltheir cover page, in their editorial media channels, when policecommentary or they can choose do outstanding work. Medianot to cover it at all. Media coverage of the Police does notorganisations also make decisions about what aspects of an just affect the image of the TTPS, but more importantly hasissue or occurrence to include as they have limited time and very real consequences on trust and confidence in the Police,space torelate their reports. These decisions can have real which are necessary for making Trinidad and Tobago a safeimpacts on the public’s perception of crime and of police. place.Callanan,V. & Rosenberger, J., (2011). Media and Public Perceptions of the Police: Examining the Impact of Race and Personal Experience. Policing and Society, 21(2), 167–189.Chan, A. & Chan,V., (2012). Public Perception of Crime and Attitudes toward Police: Examining the Effects of Media News. Discovery – SS Student E-Journal, (1), 215–237.Tankebe, J. (2013).ViewingThings Differently:The Dimensions of Public Perceptions of Police Legitimacy. Criminology, 51: 103–135. 25

10-CODETTPS Launches All-New Radio SystemT he Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) recently Sgt. (Ag.)WayneJones, of the Police Academy, StJames, delivering a lecture at introduced a radio coding system intended to improve the Launch of theTTPS’ 10-Code Radio System. police response time to calls for help and the overall detection rate. The new Radio 10-Code System, which Despite its origins, the codes can be customized for each policeoriginates from North America, utilises simple codes to service which implements the system. This means, that therepresent common phrases in voice communications used by 10-Code RadioSystem that was implemented caters directly tolaw enforcement. For instance, officers may use thecode the policing needs of theTTPS.‘10-32’ to say there is, a ‘shooting in progress’, rather thanexplicitly stating the type of incident they are dealing with. The introduction of the 10-Code system impacts the overallLaunched on July 17th, 2017 at the Police Academy, St. James, performance of the organization in the four strategic areas.the new initiative promises to save time, minimize confusion, The new system is further evidence that theTTPS is committedeliminate errors and professionalise law enforcement. to continuous growth and improvement. It is hoped thatThe advantages of the new system ultimately contributes to citizens will see and appreciate the improved efficacy in theincreased crime prevention and detection, the raison d’etre of execution of duties by TTPS officers, and thus garner greatertheTTPS. public confidence in the Service. Since the launch, officersThe new coding system was launched by theCommunications have been mandated to commit the codes to memory, therebyImplementation Committee (CIC) of the TTPS, which was ensuring minimal confusion and a smooth transition into use offormed by the then DCP (Ag.), Administration, Harold Phillip, in the new system. Nevertheless, even during its introductoryJanuary 2017. TheCommittee comprises persons from various stage at the TTPS, the 10-Code System, has alreadysections, including, the E-999 Command Centre, CCTV Units, significantly contributed to a considerable amount of firearmPolice Academy Advanced Training Unit, and the Operating and ammunition seizures across the nine policing divisions.Centres of the Western, Northern and Southern Divisions.Theprimary objective of the Committee is to standardise all The following are the main categories for the latest 10-Codeprotocols and procedures among the nine divisions’ Operating Radio System:Centres.In attendance at the launch, were officers from all nine policing • 10-10 to 10-19: Officer Involved Emergenciesdivisions, including Sgt. (Ag.) Wayne Jones, of the Police • 10-20 to 10-29: Crimes in ProgressAcademy, who delivered a lecture focused on ‘EnhancingTTPS • 10-30 to 10-39: Firearms Related and Hostage SituationsWireless Communications’ and the technical demands of the • 10-40 to 10-49: Deaths and Missing Personsnew system. According to Sgt. (Ag.) Jones, similar 10-Code • 10-50 to 10-59: Administration/Information/RequestsSystems have been utilized by police departments in North • 10-60 to 10-69: Miscellaneous SituationsAmerica and Europe, since the 1930s. • 10-70 to 10-79: Driving and Related Situations 26

New Act Introduces Demerit Pointsto Target High Risk Drivers No.7539 PC Brent Batson Road Safety Co-ordinator Traffic and Highway Patrol BranchIn July of this year, the earlier offence: they driveParliament of Trinidad and more carefully to avoidTobago passed Act 19 of 2017 getting another point.amending the Motor Vehiclesand Road Traffic Act (MVRTA) Selection: If a demerit pointsChapter48:50. AlthoughtheBillhas system can withdraw road usersbeen assented to, it is still to be who often behave dangerouslyproclaimed by the President before from traffic participation, before theycoming into effect. The Act features major have actually caused a crash, this may beprocedural and technological changes to the good for road safety. A demerit pointsMVRTA including the Fixed Penalty system can only be an effective means ofNotice (traffic tickets) system, selection if demerit points or offences areintroduction of Red Light Enforcement indeed a good predictor of future crashes andCameras, Citation Notices being if repeat offenders are tracked down in time.served by mail and a Driver Demerit Correction: Systems in which drivers canPoint System. The amendment is in have the number of points reduced bykeeping with current technological following a driver improvement course haveupgrades currently underway within an educational element that is intertwinedthe Licensing Division of the Ministry with the preventive effect. A demerit pointsof Works andTransport and is linked system with educational elements can onlyto the new barcode feature work if it is proven that a course is effectiveintroduced onto the Trinidad and and results in a change of behaviour.Tobago Driver’s Permit. In this article, Motor Vehicles and RoadTraffic Act (Amendment) 2017 –we will be looking firstly at the proposed Driver Demerit System Part VI A Legal Proceedings, Demerit Points, Suspensionand its impact on motorists. & Cancellation of PermitsWhat is a Driver Demerit Points System? The introduction of a Demerit Point System into law inA Driver Demerit Points System (DDPS) is a cumulative Trinidad and Tobago commences with Section 88J of thepenalty imposed on drivers on conviction for traffic offences. Act which requires the Licensing Authority to establish aPoints may either be added or subtracted. Demerit points are “Demerit Points Register” in which demerit points againstimposed on the driver in addition to the normal penalty for the the driving permit record of a person for an offence or aoffence with more demerit points allotted where the offence traffic violations will be recorded.is more serious e.g. (DUI). If a certain points limit is exceeded, Section 88K. (1) states that “Subject to subsection (2),suspension or revocation of the driver’s permit or license whereas a person is convicted for an offence or at trafficfollows and points are subtracted when the offender is not violation listed in the First Column of the Ninth Schedulefined for an offence that falls under the demerit points system that carries demerit points, the demerit points asover a certain period. prescribed in the Fourth Column in the Ninth Schedule forAccording to the Swedish Institute for Road Safety Research that offence or traffic violation shall be recorded against(SWOV, 2012) demerit points systems contribute to road safety the driving permit record of the person so convicted.”through the mechanisms of prevention, selection, and Subsection 2 permits a delay as to the application of thecorrection. points where a driver has appealed the offence in thePrevention: The preventive effect of a demerit points Courts.system lies in the risk of losing the driving licence if caught In the next issue of the TTPS Quarterly, we will consider thefor offences repeatedly. This is an extra reason to obey the sanctions linked to the accumulation of points, e.g. howtraffic laws. A general preventive effect should be found in many points will result in a driver’s permit suspension, fora decrease in the number of offences for all drivers: they what period and what violations listed in the FourthScheduledrive more carefully, in order to avoid getting a demerit carry the most serious consequences under the Act.point. A special preventive effect should be shown by adecrease in the number of offences by drivers who havealready been imposed a number of demerit points after an 27

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Commissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams receives the first ever Male Advocate Award in Support of the UN Women's 'HeForShe'Initiative from IAWP President Margaret Shorter, at the IAWP 55th AnnualTraining Conference, in Cairns, Australia. 29

Commissioner of Police (Ag.) StephenWilliams leads a contingent of local women police officers during the parade of nations at the IAWP 55th AnnualTraining Conference, in Cairns, Australia.C ommissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams is Shane Jitta the proud recipient of the first ever Male Corporate Communications Officer Advocate Award in Support of the UN Women’s ‘HeForShe’ initiative, for giving women police Mr. Williams said he felt extremely honoured to have beenofficers unique opportunities to shatter the glass ceiling nominated and more so, to be the first male police officer toand perform duties in leadership positions of the be conferred with the distinct honour; and emphasised thatTrinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS). he intends to continue championing the cause of womenCommissioner Williams was bestowed the honour by police officers, and to ensure they are treated with ‘equalitythe International Association of Women Police (IAWP), and without favouritism or tokenism’.at its 55th Annual Training Conference, held from The IAWP, founded in 1915 and based in Maryland, USA,September 17th – September 21st 2017, in Cairns, promotes the role of women in policing and envisions aAustralia. world where police reflect the diversity of the communities‘HeForShe’ is a solidarity movement which calls upon they serve; and where human rights are protected. Itsmen and boys to stand up against inequalities faced by mission is to strengthen, unite and raise the capacity ofwomen and girls globally. The campaign strengthens women in policing internationally. Each year, the IAWPthe support for women’s rights as human rights, by receives nominations from across the globe, for officersenlisting the support of men and exhorting them to put who are deserving of recognition, for their contribution tothemselves forward as advocates for gender equality. It policing.is grounded in the idea that gender equality is an issue The TTPS, with 26% of its strength being women officers, hasthat affects all people socially, economically and surpassed the average rate of 15% women serving in policepolitically and seeks to actively involve men and boys in forces, in North America and other jurisdictions. Currently, thea movement that was originally conceived as \"a struggle TTPS has one woman Deputy Commissioner of Police, threefor women by women\". women Assistant Commissioners of Police, six women SeniorCommissioner Williams was presented with the award Superintendents, six women Superintendents and 11 womenby IAWP President Margaret Shorter at the Assistant Superintendents of Police, serving in the Firstprestigiousceremony, which attracted women police Division.officers from over 60 countries. Commenting thereafter,UN Women’s ‘HeForShe’ Campaign. www.heforshe.com 30

Deputy Commissioner of Police (Ag.), Crime and Support - Harold PhillipT raditionally the approach to policing can be described Several of the contemporary concepts being implemented as reactive rather than proactive. by police departments internationally include:- This generally involved the police officers focusingtheir efforts in responding to reports of calls for service, • Problem-oriented Policingrandom foot and mobile patrols and investigations into • Community (or neighbouring policing)reports made from the public at Police Stations. The main • Targeted Policing, Hotspot Policingpurpose of the police could be described as the enforcement • Compstatof laws. This strategy was clearly aimed at deterrence and • Evidence Based Policing andsuppressing incivilities and criminal misconduct. • Intelligence led PolicingThis is not to deny that there was not some interaction withthe community to increase and improve public trust and Problem-oriented policing was first developed by Professorconfidence in the Police. Herman Goldstein at the University of Wisconsin-MadisonThe reactive response to policing has weathered the storm in 1979; and can best be defined as the development of aand whilst most of the practices still exist in policing, the strategy that identifies the root causes of a problem alongresults have been less than desirable. with a solution to prevent that problem, from happening.Modern law enforcement agencies today engage in a broaderspectrum of work which include crime prevention, responding In the problem-oriented policing model, a problem isto emergencies, order management and building strong anything that concerns a citizen. It may be criminal activitypartnerships with interest groups in the communities. or it could be a safety issue. The problem must beHowever, the increasing concern for the safety of the public thoroughly understood and analyzed. The expectedhas resulted in extensive investments being conducted into outcome needs to be fully understood. Everybody involvedresearching of contemporary police best practices by in the problem and solution needs to be identified. If thereuniversities, NGOs and regional bodies to find solutions are past successes or failures in dealing with this problemwhich are more proactive and sustainable in approach. they need to be identified and examined to see why they worked or failed. Once this is complete, a systematic strategy can be implemented with the hopes of eliminating the problem. 31

Community Policing Compstat offers a dynamic approach to crime reduction,Community policing significantly broadens the traditional role quality of life improvement, and personnel and resourceand function of the police. It takes the view that the police and management, whereby ranking police departmentcitizens are co-producers of police services, jointly responsible executives identify spikes in crimes using comparativefor reducing crime and improving the quality of life in local statistics and address those spikes through the use ofneighborhoods. Residents are encouraged to voice their targeted enforcement. To this end, Compstat includes fourconcerns to the police, and it is the responsibility of the police generally recognized components: timely and accurateto thoughtfully address these concerns (Cordner).While police information or intelligence, rapid deployment of resources,professionalism remains important, this quality is no longer effective tactics, and relentless follow-up.equated with officers' being detached and aloof from localcitizens. Under community policing, police officers are What is evidence-based policing?expected to initiate frequent personal contact with Evidence-based policing states that officers, supervisorscommunity members on their beats, and to interact in an and command staff should not only be armed with the rightattentive, friendly, and compassionate manner. Enforcing the equipment, knowledge of the law, proper procedures, andlaw and fighting crime remain important elements of policing, defensive protection, but also have as much knowledgebut community policing recognizes that, in reality, most police about what tactics and strategies work best to fight crimework is oriented toward non enforcement tasks such as so that they can make good decisions while patrolling ormaintaining order and providing social services (Eck and carrying out investigations. In the past, police training hasRosenbaum). Consequently, reducing community disorder, been focused mostly on procedures, the law, physical skills,helping to mitigate residents' fears about crime, solving and use of equipment. Rarely were police trained in theproblems, and caring for individual victims, are all regarded as large body of knowledge about \"what works\" in crimeequally important to making arrests and solving crimes. control and prevention.Targeted Policing Evidence-based policing also centralizes the role of crimeThe limited impact of random patrol, reactive and intensive analysis in everyday policing. By understanding how crimeenforcement on crime rates led to attempts to improve the geographically and temporally clusters, as well as whicheffectiveness of the police in reducing crime by concentrating environmental and situational factors can attractresources on specific crimes, criminals, victims and places.This opportunities for crime, police can become more effective inled to the development of much more focused resource addressing the specific crime, disorder, and traffic problemsallocation through, in particular, hotspots policing, tackling they face.The bottom line: Police need to take advantage of therepeat victimisation and focused deterrence. knowledge about what works to improve police efforts in crime control, community relations, and internal management, asHotspots Policing well as generate knowledge and analysis within their agenciesInitiatives that take account of the uneven distribution of to improve their ability to prevent and reduce crime. Sherman’scrime between and within neighbourhoods and target (1998) Police Foundation lecture on this topic, located atresources on micro-locations (a small number of streets, a http://www.policefoundation.org/pdf/Sherman.pdf. More resourcesblock of flats or even two or three addresses) are commonly can also be found at http://cebcp.org/evidence-based-policing/.referred to as ‘hotspots’ policing (Weisburd and Braga, 2006). Intelligence-led policingA frequent component of hotspots policing initiatives is the Intelligence-led policing aims to reduce crime by:introduction of measures that reduce the opportunities forcommitting crime. Commonly known as ‘situational crime • Collecting relevant and reliable information from aprevention’, such measures include installing better locks on variety of sources to provide a clear and accuratedoors and windows (target hardening), increasing surveillance picture of the most pressing current and futurethrough for example installing CCTV cameras and looking crime problems.after or altering the environment by for example cleaning upgraffiti, removing abandoned cars or improving street • Prioritising them and planning targeted responseslighting. There is now considerable evidence to support the to them.effectiveness of situational crime prevention (which cannot bereviewed here), which when included partially helps to explain • Implementing the plans and evaluating the processthe convincing body of evidence that broadly supports the and the outcomes.strategic targeting of micro-locations (see also Bottoms, 2012) • Feeding back the knowledge and experienceCompStat – or COMPSTAT – (i.e. computer statistics) is a gained (Ratcliffe, 2011).combination of management, philosophy, and organizationalmanagement tools for police departments. It is named after Four intelligence products are thereafter created: strategicthe NewYork City Police Department's accountability process assessments, tactical assessments, target profiles andand has since been implemented by many other police problem profiles. Regular meetings of Tasking and Controldepartments, both in the United States and abroad. Groups (TCGs) are held to decide how to best target resources to priority people (e.g. prolific offenders), places (e.g. crime hotspots) and activities (e.g. night time economy). Intelligence-led policing was first pioneered in the UK by Kent Police Service in the early 1990s. 32

Assistant Commissioner of Police (Ag.) North East, McDonald JacobT he crime counting system in police services throughout the western hemisphere has posed significant challenges for law enforcement officers. The counting system is simply the manner in which these police services will put together their statistical data as it relates to the number of crimes and the number of victims when an incident occurs. A popular example in Trinidad and Tobago is when a maxi taxi isboarded by an offender whom may proceed to rob the driver and the eight (8) passengers of the maxi taxi. Insome police jurisdictions this incident will be counted as one crime. In other jurisdictions such as Trinidad andTobago it will be recorded as nine (9) robberies coming out of one incident.This issue manifested itself in the United Kingdom (UK) in the 90s where some police departments were doingincident counting and others victim counting. In 1998 the Government made the firm decision that crimesshould be recorded according to the number of victims. This decision caused the crime data in the UK to doublewhen compared with previous years. It became a political issue and the UK Government public relationsdepartment had to spend considerable time in explaining to the population the change in the counting system.The government based their premise on the further development to a more victim oriented approach to crimecontrol. Several studies indicated that the incident based approach actually isolated the effective treatment ofthe victims of crimes and it also presented an artificial picture of victimology within the UK.Fortunately theTrinidad andTobago Police Service (TTPS) is already doing victim counting of crime.Over the years,however, this approach has been undermined advertently or inadvertently by some officers who chose to use theincident counting approach. In some instances, in some divisions officers engage in arguments pertaining to what 33

counting system should be utilized. Another blatant a higher level of accountability. Studies in recent timesexample is when an assailant may fire upon a group of five have identified that the incident counting approach willpersons and only one person was shot there is a practice severely affect the Compstat initiative.by some officers to only enter the crime of wounding with The author was fortunate to work on an internationalintent. And the other crimes of shooting with intent are statistical working committee, based on developingignored. reporting standards for the United Nations.In addition, the police divisions that choose to follow the The United Nations officials saw it fit to developpolicy of the Police Service by utilizing the victim counting instruments whereby the reporting of crimes, whetherapproach will be at a significant disadvantage when recorded through the incident counting method orcomparison is done to other divisions that chose to use victim counting method can be valuable to the Unitedthe incident counting approach. Similar challenges were Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Unitedexperienced by the police departments in the UK. In an Nations Organization of Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Thiseffort to remedy the problem the national crime recording was implemented to assist the bodies in their decisionstandard was established in 2002 by the British Home making. It must be noted that the UN team did notSecretary. The main aim of the Standard was to promote attempt to convince the 47 countries involved to changegreater consistency between police forces in the their crime counting system to facilitate incident orrecording of crime and to take a more victim oriented victim counting. However, it was mandatory that theapproach to crime recording. countries who were doing incident counting had toOne of the keys to contemporary policing is crime analysis provide the number of victims in the particular incident.which involves victim and offender profiling. Therefore, in The Commissioner of Police has been placing increasingthe absence of proper recording of crime (e.g. incident emphasis on the effective performance of the Divisionalcounting), the ability of the analyst to effectively carry out Commanders. Therefore, to ensure that equitabletheir work will be inhibited. measurement and evaluation is done there may beThe Compstat approach in which crime trends and urgent need for the TTPS to take a similar approach topatterns are identified, is now being utilized by the TTPS the UK and establish a National Crime Recordingto enhance their crime fighting strategies and to engender Standard that will be utilized throughout the various police divisions.Prime Minister Opens New Maracas St. Joseph Police Station Prime Minister,The Honourable Dr. Keith Rowley, unveils the cornerstone to commemorate the opening of the new Maracas St. Joseph Police Station, on June 30th 2017. On hand to witness the ceremonial unveiling wereThe Honourable Terrence Deyalsingh, Minister of Health, The Honourable, Maxie Cuffie, Minister of Public Administration and Communication and Commissioner of Police (Ag.) Stephen Williams. 34

Assistant Superintendent (Ag.) Karen Lancaster-EllisCrime and Problem Analysis BranchT he motivation to write this article arose when I crime analysis as “a profession and process in which a set participated in an ‘academic’ discussion a few weeks of quantitative and qualitative techniques are used to ago. It was being suggested that academia could not analyze data valuable to police agencies and their exist side by side and even incorporated in police communities. It includes the analysis of crime andoperations. Whether this is a myth or reality – you be the judge. criminals, crime victims, disorder, quality of life issues,The question is, do we need to have separate discussions – traffic issues, and internal police operations, and itsacademic and operational, when addressing police matters? results support criminal investigation and prosecution,To some in the policing profession, the word ‘academia’ or patrol activities, crime prevention and reduction‘academic’ may be offensive, but the contemporary strategies, problem solving, and the evaluation of policeenvironment in which we live and work, requires innovation efforts” (International Association of Crime Analysts,and elements of academia to support police operations. 2014).Hence, the genesis of terms such as intelligence-led policing, When a decision is taken to place more emphasis and/orCompStat, data driven strategies, profiling, crime mapping, resources, on priority offenders or hot spots or hot times, itproblem oriented policing, biometrics, crime analysis, hot spot requires crime analysis. Crime analysis is not only intended topolicing, Rational Choice Theory and Automated Fingerprint identify the offenders, the areas or the times but also toIdentification System (AFIS) all have inherent in them theories determine whether strategies which have been implementedor applications which are, by their very nature, academic. are working. Then it is not sufficient to simply say a particularTherefore, the discussion will always involve academic area is known for high crime, so let us place resources toapplications, which probably, if understood and applied can address crime in that area. Similarly, we cannot merely sayprovide some worthwhile solutions to our many policing since crime was reduced in that area, the strategy worked. Itchallenges. requires more than just that rudimentary inquiry. Therefore,Therefore, to illustrate the point, this article will examine it requires sound crime analysis to decide where resourcesthe role of academia in policing through the use of crime ought to be placed and the effectiveness of the strategiesanalysis which is paramount to crime reduction. The used. When we engage in crime analysis we are able toInternational Association of Crime Analysts (IACA) defined identify the problem and treat with it by ensuring that the 35

strategy is specifically tailored to address the issue, but in the analyst and will involve a multi-disciplinary approach – whichabsence of sound crime analysis, we treat with the symptoms can be found in the fields of psychology, sociology, criminology,and the problem often resurfaces. etcetera- to answer these questions. So, whilst the traditionalConsequently, crime analysis will provide a greater policing strategies are important, crime analysis must beunderstanding of the problem thus allowing the police to integrated into those strategies.holistically treat with it, and where necessary, involve other Case in point, the Hearts and Minds Program was established asstakeholders. For example, a child who experiences severe a social development approach to treat with violent andheadaches on a daily basis may be administered panadol firearm-related crimes in the Laventille community. Accordingmedication. Whilst that may provide temporary relief, it will be to Capobianco (2005) “internationally, there is strong support forcritical for the parent to deal with the real issue – which may be holistic, social development approaches to crime prevention.”his vision becoming impaired. This may entail a visit to the Capobianco (2005) further stated that, “this approach to crimeoptometrist and the prescription of tested lenses. Likewise, prevention recognises the complex social, economic, and culturalhow do we treat with the high incidence of firearm-related processes which contribute to crime and victimisation. It focusesmurders concentrated in a few areas in Trinidad and Tobago? on reducing risk factors including poor living conditions, povertyShould we just say increase patrols, roadblocks, exercises or and unemployment, poor parenting, school dropout, andtarget priority offenders? I think not! Whilst these are all good substance abuse by strengthening the range of personal, social,strategies that can be used to assist, they are simply health and economic factors which protect families, children andinsufficient. A better approach would be to analyse the young people from becoming involved in crime and victimisation”.problem to determine why it is occurring, why it is occurring in Could the provision of crime information, that is, basicthose specific communities, when the marginal increase was statistical data provide such evidence? If that were so, theobserved, why those specific victims, who are the likely Hearts and Minds Program would not have been proposed.offenders, why resort to the use of a firearm and so on. These Whilst the intention is not to make the issues appear simplistic,are just some of the questions that will engage the crime one must ask them self under those circumstances whether it will be in the best interest of the police to respond to the problems without properly researching the issues which give rise to them? The work of the crime analyst is critical in this regard and to effectively provide the requisite analytical services one must have information and the issues must be well researched for the analyst to provide the most appropriate recommendation. Therefore, the academic discussion will continue as it is clearly indispensable to policing efforts. 36

Planning and Project Implementation -SupportingTransformationof a ModernPolice Service Felix Pearson Head – Planning, Research and Project Implementation major focus of the Government of the Republic of In 2008, the functions of the then Planning and Development Unit were subsumed by the newly constituted Planning,A Trinidad and Tobago in 2006 was to modernize and Research and Project Implementation Unit and the equip theTrinidad andTobago Police Service (TTPS) to Administration Unit, both performing an expanded role in meet the challenges of 21st Century Policing. In this support of a transformed Trinidad and Tobago Police Service.regard the Government undertook two major initiatives. One The Planning, Research and Project Implementation Unit waswas to secure appropriate legislative changes primarily to hold given the mandate to provide the Commissioner of Policethe Commissioner accountable for the performance of the with effective and efficient strategic and operational support,Police Service and the other to start the process of pursuant to the fulfillment of the objective of transforming“transforming” the Police Service. the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service into a well-managed, highly professional and effective organization.On the legislative front, a package of three (3) reform Bills werepassed: The Unit was envisioned to perform three (3) critical roles: i. Be a key advisor to the Commissioner of Police on i. The Constitution (Amendment)Act 2006 matters of strategy and policy direction, institutional ii. The Police ComplaintsAuthority Act 2006 strengthening needs and structural or iii. The Police ServiceAct 2006 transformational reforms; ii. Be the mechanism through which the CommissionerTo initiate the transformation programme, the Government of Police achieves organizational objectives in aretained the services of Professor Stephen Mastrofski, timely and efficient manner; andProfessor of Public and International Affairs, George Mason iii. Perform the role of advocate and lynchpin in realizingUniversity, to develop recommendations to strengthen, the Police Service’s objectives as defined in its Publicimprove the management, and increase the organizational Sector Investment Programme.efficiency of theTTPS. The Unit is structured along the line of having two (2) sectionsThe Planning, Research and Project ImplementationUnit of the whose work programmes are different but complementary.TTPS, established in 2008, has its genesis in therecommendations of Professor Mastrofski, contained in his - The Research and Planning Section charged withMemorandum of Governance dated March 30, 2006 and the Policy Development and Implementation and isReport of the Senior Planning Group of Experts appointed by responsible for leading the strategic and operationalthe Cabinet of the Government of the Republic ofTrinidad and planning processes for theTTPS.Tobago for Transitional Arrangements, relative to thetransformation of theTrinidadAndTobago Police Service. 37

the objective is transform the Trinidad and TobagoPolice Service into a well-managed, highly professional and e ective organization - The Project Implementation Section which These and several other new facilities have enhanced focuses on the preparation and management of operating conditions at various police stations, the Police the Development Programme Budget and for the Training Academy and at many Sections, Units and planning, development and execution of capital Branches including the Inter Agency Task Force, the Guard and other infrastructural projects that are integral and Emergency Branch, the Special Branch, the Bomb to the strategic objectives of the TTPS. Squad, the Criminal Intelligence Unit, the Armory, theSince its establishment, despite significant delays in Financial Investigations Bureau, the Mounted and Caninestaffing the Unit and numerous other challenges, the Unit Branch, the Community Relations Secretariat, the Socialhas recorded several major accomplishments. The Unit Work - South / Central Office, the Anti-Corruptionhas completed and published Strategic Plans for Investigations Bureau, the Public Affairs Unit, thesuccessive years from 2010 to present and supported the Information Technology Unit, Operational Planning anddevelopment of multiple governance initiatives including: Co-ordinating Centre, Criminal Intelligence i. National Canine Deployment Plan Department/Criminal Records Office, the Crime and ii. TTPS Finance Branch Process Review Problem Analysis (CAPA) Branch, the Police Complaints iii. TTPS Standing Orders Review Unit, the Promotional Advisory Board, the Professional iv. TTPS Schools Intervention Programme Standards Bureau, the Special Reserve Police Unit, the v. Guidelines : Disposal of Derelict Vehicles Retirees Association and the offices of the Police Social and vi. Policy : Use of Force Welfare Association, Assistant and Deputy Commissioners vii. Policy : Access Control and that of the Commissioner of Police. viii. Policy : Use of Emergency Lights & Sirens ix. Policy : Sexual Harassment The Unit has also overseen the New Police Station x. Policy : Suicide in Police Custody Construction Programme with eleven (11) modern police xi. Policy : Property Management stations completed and an additional eight (8) newThe Unit has also been successful in establishing several stations currently in progress at different levels ofmajor new facilities including: completion. i. Administration Building (Agra Court) ii. Administration Building (Sunjet House) The Unit is currently staffed with four (4) Planning and iii. Administration Building (MATCO) Research Specialists, Four (4) Project Co-ordinators, One iv. Operational Units (Riverside Plaza) (1) Civil Engineer, One (1) Civil Engineering Technician, One v. Operational Units (Aranguez) (1) Budget Analyst, One (1) Administrative Support vi. Vehicle Storage – Aranguez Assistant and One (1) Driver. vii. Vehicle Storage Facility – Usine St. Madeline viii. Central Stores and Document Storage Facility In Fiscal 2018, several new policies critical to the ix. TTPS Polygraph Testing Suite operationalizing of the Strategic Plan are currently being x. Women’s Affairs Office. drafted and twenty five (25) infrastructural projects xi. Social Work Unit - South estimated to cost TT$24.6 Mn are scheduled for implementation. 38

a s a state institution with the largest customer base in Joneille Johnson the country, the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Corporate Communications Officer (TTPS) finds itself in a unique position as it serves No.13457 Sgt Rennie Maharaj goes through a mock exercise.every member of Trinidad and Tobago’s diverse society.Since no citizen is unaffected by the rule of law, theorganisation has placed great emphasis on one of itsstrategic goals which focuses on; Strengthening CommunityEngagements, Citizens-Centred Service and StakeholderPartnerships.The TTPS appreciates the need for community engagementand public support in relation to its mandate to protect andserve the citizenry of this country. This is evidenced throughone of the TTPS’s key community-based initiatives, i.e. itsTown Meetings, for which Divisional Commanders aremandated to hold on a monthly basis.Town Meetings are of significant importance to the TTPS, asthey provide a unique mechanism through which positivecommunity engagement and interaction can be realized. Inan effort to improve the efficacy of this initiative, the TTPSdecided to provide public speaking training for its officerswho would be required to host these meetings. With publicspeaking being one of the highest ranked fears for people inthe world, it was understood that officers needed to feelwell prepared, before being tasked with chairing TownMeetings. Accordingly, on Wednesday 12th July, 2017,Head, Corporate Communications, Ellen Lewis, hosted aspecial public speaking workshop for twenty officers ofvarying ranks from across the nine policing divisions. Theworkshop was facilitated by DCP (Ag.), Operations, DeodatDulalchan, under whose portfolio Town Meetings fall andheld in the Solomon McLeod Lecture Theatre, PoliceAdministration Building, Port-of-Spain. 39

Head Corporate Communications, Ellen Lewis, as she delivers a lecture to officers during the public speaking training workshop on Wednesday 12th July, 2017.Deputy Commissioner of Police (Ag.), Operations, Deodat Dulalchan,addressing officers during public speaking training workshop.The workshop exposed officers to various subjects and officers within the respective division. During theseincluding meeting protocol, social etiquette and meetings, members of the public are informed of varyingidentified many faux pas persons frequently and policing initiatives and statistical updates relevant to theirunknowingly commit. Ms. Lewis, who drew from several communities and pending changes. Following the officers’TTPS Departmental Orders, reminded officers of the presentations, citizens are afforded the opportunity tomany guidelines that have been instituted to ensure they voice their concerns directly to high ranking officers in thepresent their best selves to the public. Paying particular Service and receive direct, accurate and specific advice onattention to uniform checks and grammatical blunders, how to go about solving their problems.the officers were well appraised on the “dos and don’ts” Between the citizen-centred format of the meetings andof public speaking. DCP (Ag.) Dulalchan encouraged the the improved performance of the Town Meeting hosts, thisofficers to make full use of the knowledge acquired, as it training workshop is just one of the many ways the TTPSwould enhance their professional skills. strives towards improving positive imaging of theOne popular request arising from the workshop was for organisation.additional public speaking training opportunities for moreofficers in the Service. The officers were unanimous in theirappreciation for the workshop and spoke highly of the newknowledge and tips acquired. Many admitted to previouslyfeeling daunted by the prospect of chairingTown Meetings,but have since come to terms with thedemands and now greet the opportunity with enthusiasm.With over 70 meetings held for 2017 thus far by the TTPS,there is no doubt that this training will aid in achievingstronger andmore symbiotic relationships with thepublic. Generally, the meetings are presided over by DCPOperations, and attended by the Senior SuperintendentIs Public Speaking Really More FearedThan Death? http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08824096.2012.667772?src=recsys& 40

PROFESSIONALSTANDARDSBUREAU No.13882 W/Sgt. Greer Lawrence Professional Standards BureauT he Professional Standards Bureau (PSB) is a class Kerron Eccles andAlana Duncan in 2011 in Moruga, resulting in one “1” specialist section of theTrinidad andTobago the committal of seven (7) police officers, to answer to charges Police Service (TTPS), established on 15th July, 2011, of murder at the next sitting of the Assizes. by (D.O. 2 of 2012).The Bureau is responsible for ensuring the integrity, Another historic investigation over which the PSB hadtransparency and efficiency of all investigations, including oversight was the matter involving twelve (12) police officers incriminal complaints made against police officers suspected the Eastern Division, who were charged with Misbehaviour inof committing offences and the compiling and monitoring of Public Office arising out of the Grievous Bodily Harm of afatal and non-fatal police shootings. prisoner, in 2015.The PSB was also responsible for successfullyThe PSB also acts as a liaison between the TTPS and the investigating and charging six (6) members of the NorthPolice Complaints Authority (PCA), and periodically Eastern Division Task Force in 2016, also with Misbehaviour inconducts audits of property within the Service. Public Office arising out of Robbery, False Imprisonment andThe leadership of the PSB emphasises integrity, Making threats to Falsely Charge persons.confidentiality and fairness in the operations of theirinvestigative staff, and ensures reliability, efficiency and Over the years, the PSB has engaged and successfully pilotedeffectiveness in the conduct of their investigations.The PSB outreach programmes through the Police Education Caravan.is also committed to its’ partnership with the Police These outreach programmes targeted both the public andComplaints Authority in ensuring its mandate is fulfilled internal stakeholders on the roles and responsibilities of thesuccessfully, not only for the benefit of both entities, but the PSB in keeping with the strategic goals of theTTPS. One of thecitizens ofTrinidad andTobago. objectives of the Police Education Caravan, apart fromHistorically, many of the complaints made against police imparting general knowledge, was mainly to reach theofficers were offences under the Larceny Act and the impressionable, inexperienced, junior police officers with aPrevention of Corruption Act, however, offences such as view of emphasizing the importance of adhering to the ruleswounding and false imprisonment are not uncommon. and regulations governing the TTPS and the implications forThese reports are thoroughly investigated by PSB personnel, such breaches.in the strictest of confidence. Upon completion, a fileconsisting of statements of the virtual complainant, other The PSB relies greatly on the networking and co-operation ofwitnesses, closed circuit television video footage, other crucial agencies within the TTPS in the areas ofphotographs, media report certificates and other information gathering, analysis and operations. Among thosedocuments relevant to the investigation is retained. The file agencies are the Cyber Crime Unit, the Organised Crime andis then submitted to the Director of Public Prosecutions Intelligence Unit, Information Technology Unit, Crime Records(DPP) for consultation and advice on the way forward. Office, the Anti-Crime Investigations Bureau and SpecialAccording to the DPP’s findings, the enquiry may need Branch. We also partner with external agencies such as thefurther investigations, the investigator may proffer a Licensing Department, Registrar General Department and thecharge/charges against the suspect or the suspected Forensic Science Centre, in our quest to obtain information andofficer/officers can be exonerated altogether. evidence pertinent to our investigations.In its six (6) years of existence, the PSB has had a greatnumber of success stories. Among those stories, are the Partnership with the PCAinvestigations into the shooting death of Abigail Johnson, One of the responsibilities of the PSB is to act as a liaison between the TTPS and the Police Complaints Authority (PCA). The PoliceComplaintsAuthority (PCA), is governed by the PCA Act,Chapter 15:05, and amongst other things, is responsible for independently investigating police officers involved in criminal offences, police corruption and serious police misconduct. 41

From left to right front row:- No. 14709 Cpl (Ag.) Kelvin Marcano, No. 17104 WPC Dane-Marie Marshall, No. 16904 Cpl (Ag.) Lawrence Joefield, No. 19078 PCTerry Moore and No. 17572W/Cpl (Ag.) Heather Punch.Back row:- No. 17800 PC Ralph Rampersad, No. 13977 Sgt (Ag.) Andell Rollocks, Insp. (Ag.) Dindial Chulhan, ACP (Ag.), Professional Standards Bureau, AnthonyBucchan, ASP (Ag.) Ricardo Montrichard, Supt. (Ag.) RobertWilliams, Insp. (Ag.) Sheridon Hill and No. 19315 PC Paul Mohammed.Emanating from this partnership, several meetings were held Conduct of Business:with the leadership of the PSB and representatives of the PCA, Reports are made to the PSB through several mediumswhich resulted in a new mandate of ensuring that the PCA is inclusive of:apprised of all police shootings, no less than twenty-four hoursafter the occurrence. This new system has proven to be very • Members of the external and internal public, inefficient thus far, with the smooth and timely flow of person at the office located at #112 Matco Building,correspondence between the two departments. Meetings Henry Street, Port-of-Spainwere also held with the Commissioner of Police and theDirector of the PCA, resulting in the consideration of PCA • Correspondence via various divisions, sections andpersonnel to visit scenes of police shootings with the view of branches, inclusive of the PCA.capturing first-hand accounts of witnesses and gatheringevidence. • Complaints of police misconduct as highlighted via the print, broadcast and social media. The Bureau’s office is located at #112 Matco Building, Henry Street, Port-of-Spain.Telephone number 625-3779 and email [email protected]. 42

Co-authored bySuperintendent(Ag.) Beverly Rodriguez and Inspector Beverley PaulI n the month of May the Child Protection Unit (CPU) The CPU has been given an additional mandate with of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service celebrated respect to the care and protection of children. There is an two years in existence. The unit continues to satisfy international framework for the administration of child the mandate of investigating criminal acts justice which guarantees certain rights for children inperpetrated against children in collaboration with the conflict with the law. This framework includes the UnitedChildren’s Authority, which is responsible for the Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This is anpsycho-sociological aspect of the children’s care. international treaty which recognizes the human rights ofThe CPU continues to ensure that all reports of abuse be it children. Trinidad and Tobago is a signatory to this treatysexual, physical, abandonment, neglect and ill treatment are and it has been ratified as a binding obligation toinvestigated and the necessary action taken to ensure that implement the principles enshrined therein. Trinidad andjustice is served. Tobago is making important strides towards theAs of August 2017, CPU has 891 matters before the courts in improvement of the youth justice system to incorporateTrinidad and Tobago. The CPU continues its drive to educate the international standards and practices.the general public about the different forms of child abuse as Arising out of this, the Juvenile Court Project was borne.ongoing lectures are carried out at schools, through the CPU has the additional responsibility for the care andPolice Youth Clubs and in collaboration with the Regional protection of children who come into conflict with the law.Health Authorities, Ministry of Social Development, Ministry All officers in the unit are trained in the execution of theof Education, Parent Teacher Associations, Village Councils, new Judge’s Rules for children and all aspects of the newNGOs and religious organisations. The unit is particularly Juvenile Court Project.focussed on educating and empowering the public on how The first contact that a child has with the justice systemto identify and protect children from abuse. The unit begins with a police officer and the nature of thiscontinues to encourage persons to report all instances of interaction would shape and influence their behaviour andabuse and to adhere to the adage to be ‘our brother’s expectation with future interaction.keeper’. 43

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Keeping Our ChiflrdormenHSaarfmeThe 2017-2018 school year has commenced and scores of • Ensure no prohibited item is in your child’s school bagchildren will be on their own for the first time. These children It is highly recommended that parents always superviseare vulnerable and can be easily influenced. Child predators their children’s internet activity. In instances whereuse this occasion to target our children. With this in mind the supervision is not possible, the following should be done:Child Protection Unit, of the Trinidad and Tobago PoliceService (TTPS), is giving the following advice to both parents • Routinely monitor your child’s online historyand children: • Include time limits for using the internet.Children/Students • Computers, cellular phones, tablets and such, should • Use the same route every day and never use always be placed in a common area of the house; they shortcuts. should never be placed in a child’s bedroom. The placement in a living room or dining room will allow • Go straight home after school. Do not go anywhere you to monitor them and their activity occasionally. else without permission. Emphasize to your children that: • They should never reveal personal information online • Always use public sidewalks and streets when such as their name, address, fixed or mobile telephone walking to school. number, school, and even the names of teams or clubs to which they belong. • Demonstrate traffic safety awareness and pick the • They should not send inappropriate photographs of safest route between your home and the school. themselves or damaging information by email which could negatively affect them in the future. • Walk to school in groups with other students.There is • They should not arrange “face to face” meetings with safety in numbers. someone over the internet without parental permission. • Only cross streets at designated crosswalks, street • They should not respond to messages that are corners and traffic controlled intersections. suggestive, obscene, threatening or make them feel uncomfortable. • Look both ways before crossing the street and never • Chatting with people they do not know is a very risky enter streets from between obstacles like parked cars, activity as paedophiles often pretend to be minors. shrubbery, signs, etc. • They should avoid the use of webcams when talking to people they do not know. • Avoid talking to strangers. If you are not sure of Warning signs that your child may be a target of an online something, speak to a police officer or another predator.These include: member of the protective services. • Your child spending long hours online, particularly at night.Parents • Your child minimizing screens when you come close to • Teach your child/children to create distance between the computer. themselves and anyone who tries to approach or • Withdrawal from family activities. make contact with them. • Hesitance to allow you to see what is on the screen. • If a stranger does approach your child, make sure they know to immediately report the incident to you or a Always remember to: teacher. • Educate yourself and your children about the dangers • Teach your children to never get into a vehicle with in Cyberspace. anyone, even if they know them, without your • Contact the police if your child has received permission. pornographic material via the internet or if you suspect • Arrange reliable transportation for your he/she has been the target of an online sex predator. child/children. • Encourage your child/children to memorise vehicle numbers, make and colour of vehicles they have entered. • Know your children’s friends. • Parents, be aware of all school rules governing student behaviour whilst at school or at school functions. • Check school bags regularly. 45

Joneille Johnson Corporate Communications OfficerA t the start of a new school year, most parents are preoccupied with getting their children’s school supplies and organizing their schedules. Many are also thinking ahead about how their children will cope withthe newest level of academic rigour.While all of these are validconcerns, the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) isconsidering how prepared the youth are to deal with conflict.From kindergarten to career, being able to handle conflict in ahealthy manner can mean the difference between a pleasantacademic or professional career and a stunted one.The abilityto navigate tense situations where the obstacle is acontentious human being, is a lifelong asset. It's unsurprisingto know that ineffective conflict management skills play anintegral part in the majority of bullying cases in Trinidad andTobago. Without diminishing the role personal problems playor what the source of contention may be, the ability to aptlydeal with an opposing individual can result in an amicablesolution, instead of unnecessary confrontation.At its core, bullying is commonly defined as unwanted, One of the most recent forms of bullying, cyber bullying, is a bitaggressive behavior that involves a real or perceived power more difficult to deal with. Cyber bullying can be overt orimbalance.The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be covert bullying behaviours using technology such asrepeated, over time. However, it must be noted that while computers, smart phones and software such as social media,conflict can escalate into bullying, bullying is not an exclusively instant messaging, texts, websites and other online platforms.physical act. There are many other types of bullying such as What makes cyber bullying so harmful is that it can happen atsocial, cyber and verbal. Social bullying, sometimes referred to any time, it can be public or private and sometimes only knownas covert bullying, is often harder to recognise and can be to the target and the bully.carried out behind the victim’s back. It is designed to harm Bullying, regardless of the manner in which it is done, issomeone's social reputation and/or cause humiliation. This harmful. Bullying impacts one’s mental health, can lead toform of bullying includes lying and spreading rumours, playing substance abuse and even suicide. Most persons who arenasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate, mimicking unkindly, victims of bullying, tend to struggle with depression, anxiety,encouraging others to socially exclude someone and increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleepdamaging someone's social reputation or social acceptance.Whereas, verbal bullying encompasses name calling, insults,teasing, intimidation and homophobic or racist remarks. 46

and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used who are normally left out or rejected.to enjoy. These issues can also persist into adulthood. Physical • Inform an adult. Report any bullying you see tohealth complaints are also common, along with decreasedacademic achievement and school participation. Victims of teachers or other adults. They can set clear, nonviolentbullying are more likely to miss, skip, or drop out of school. consequences for future bullying behavior.It is against this background, the TTPS launched its FOR PARENTS:anti-bullying campaign in 2013. In keeping with one of its • Start early. Parent/child talks are essential. Teach kidsfundamental pillars, to improve the level of citizen-centred to respect others before they start school and continue toservice, it developed a national school’s intervention talk about this topic on an ongoing basis. Even small actsprogramme aimed at addressing the growing problem of of teasing should be stopped in their tracks. Don’t fail toviolence and bullying among students in the nation’s schools. correct this kind of behavior due to a child’s young age.At its heart, the programme was geared toward exposing This is the best time when to stop it.students to conflict resolution skills and coping mechanisms to • Teach your children how to be assertive. Encouragedeal with bullying and other forms of negative school yard/ your children to express their feelings clearly, say no whenclass room behaviours, that contribute to student indiscipline, they feel uncomfortable or pressured, stand up forconflict and violence. themselves without fighting and walk away in dangerous situations.The programme consequently led to the development of the • Stop bullying when you see it. Adults who remain silentNational SchoolsAnti-Bullying programme; the introduction of when bullying occurs are encouraging it and making itSchool Liaison Officers and Police Liaison Officers and the worse.promotion of the PoliceYouth Club in schools. Additionally, the • Listen and support children who speak up. Telling anCommunity Policing Secretariat conducted several training adult about bullying is not easy for children. If a childworkshops to ensure that officers were equipped with the tools comes to you seeking assistance with bullying, spendnecessary to combat violence in schools. More than 200 time listening to them and provide affirmation andofficers have since received Emotional Intelligence training to support before taking actions.enhance their ability to perceive, control and evaluate • Recognize the signs of depression. Youth whoemotions. experience persistent bullying can develop signs of depression like sadness, isolation, poor concentration andMany students however, are not able to cope with bullying, sleeping problems. Make sure to reach out and get themschool violence and other troubled youth on their own. As such help when you see these signs.the following are some tips that students, parents and teachers • Tell your children to take action when they see bullyingcan take into consideration, next time they’re in a contentious behavior. Tell them to speak out against the bully andsituation. inform a teacher if the behavior doesn’t stop. BullyingFOR STUDENTS: continues only when we allow it to.If You Are Bullied • Communicate clear policies and consequences. Bullying is less likely in schools where adults are involved • Stick with friends.There is safety in numbers.Avoid being and firm about stopping bullying behaviors. Send out a alone in target areas like locker rooms, restrooms, and clear message at your school that bullying will have places where the bully hangs out. negative consequences. • Team up. Work with your Parent Teacher Association to • Be assertive and confident. Stand up for yourself. Use make sure that schools treat bullying as seriously. Help body language to show you are not afraid. Stand up them develop programs to prevent bullying and promote straight and make eye contact. safe school environments. • Ignore the bully.Walk away. Don’t respond.Get out of the FOR TEACHERS: situation. • Treat Students and Others with Warmth and Respect. Let students know that you are available to listen and help • Don’t seek revenge. Remember that using violence to them. solve problems only makes things worse. • Conduct Classroom Activities around Bullying. Help your class identify bullying in books, TV shows and • Get help. If you are being bullied, don’t keep it a secret. movies, and discuss the impact of that bullying and how it Ask friends or adults for help. Report all bullying incidents. was/could be resolved. Hold class meetings in which students can talk about bullying and peer relations.If Someone Else Is Bullied • Discuss Bullying with Colleagues. As a group, you will be • Don’t be a bystander. When no one speaks up, bullies better able to monitor the school environment. Discuss learn they can get away with it. both bullying in general and concerns regarding specific • Refuse to join in. Don’t take part in the bullying. Refuse to students. even watch. • Take Immediate Action. Failure to act provides tacit • Speak out. Distract the bully by changing the subject or approval of the behavior and can cause it to spread. using humor.Talk to the bully later, in private. • Stand up for the victim.Tell the bully to stop. Get a group to do this with you. • Give support. Talk to the person being bullied in private. Be a friend to that person. Make an effort to include others 47

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