EMSIKAR BUSINESS+ TECHNOLOGY+VISUALS ARTS+ENVIRONMENT AUGUST EDITION 2020 & TOURISM + AFRIKA + HEALTH& LIFESTYLE+ ENTERTAINMENT FASHION & STYLE AFRO AGE 1O QUESTIONS WITH MPILSO IS THE AFRICAN CULTURE DAIKE NYATHI VIEWED IN THE WESTERN SHAWN DUNCAN MIRROR? AYANDA MLUBE NOTHANDO MASEKO DO OUR YOUR APPRECIATE OUR CULTURE & HERITAGE TECHONOLOGY OR IS IT RATHER BURIED SX GET TO KNOW THE NEW 5G & FEET DOWN? ITS FUNCTION 30 STORY TELLNG PICTURES HISTORY CHANNEL PLUS BLOOD DIAMONDS COVID 19 SIERRA LEONE BENEFITS OF LAUGHING SIDE EFFECTS & SOLUTION & DANCING VISUAL ARTS TIPS ENVIROMENT & TOURISM SPORT SUMMER TIME IS HERE,IS YOUR FIRE GUARD READY? TALKNG ENVIRONMENTAL WITH RUMBIE BUSINESS ARTIC BLOCK ZIM ESSENTIAL EGG DEPOT AVON ZIM ARCHITECTURE
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE CONTENTS Table of Contents 17 38 27 41 AFRO AGE COVER STORY 47 AFRO VINTAGE COLLECTION 30 PICTURES BY ART MERIT VISUALS 06 ZIMBO KITCHEN Our stuff How to cook Mopane Worms OUR DEAR CHEF RUMBIE GIVES US Talking Environmental With Rumbie TIPS What is 5G? 21 BLOOD DIAMONDS 10 Ways To Be A Successful Entrepreneurships DIAMOND ARE FORVER BUT WHY BLOOD DIAMONDS?
Our Staff. Editor in Chief Gift T. Mutsonziwa Deputy Editor Istrafel Zhou Executive Art Director Gift Mutsonziwa Contributors The Millenniums, Art Merit Visuals, On Point Media, Billitasville. Chief Photography Editor Joseph Muchamaya Contributing Photographers Michelle Ngwenya, Joseph Muchamaya, Marlon Hove Associate Art Director Marlon Hove Photography Editor Gift T. Mutsonziwa Associate Photography Editor Joseph Muchamaya & Marlon Hove Designer Art Merit Inc contacts EMSIKAR. EMSIKAR MAGAZINE MAHATSHULA 789 LIVE TO INSPIRE ASCOT AC 20 BULAWAYO, PAGE 2 (+263) 78 352 0370 EMAIL [email protected] The Emsikar magazinei s published by Th Art Merit Publishing Group LTD.
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FOOD &HEALTH WITH ZIMBO KITCHEM CHEF RUMBIE PAGE 5
MOPANE WORMS RECIPE Zimbo Kitchen With Chef Rumbie This is one of the many Zimbabwean traditional delicacies and a definite no-no for others. Madora are pretty easy to cook as they don’t require much. Madora are common in certain regions of Zimbabwe particularly those in the south and bordering Botswana and South Africa. An entire industry exists in Zimbabwe and bordering countries to process and bring this traditional delicacy to dinner tables across the vast southern African region \"IT'S NOT A FEAR FACTOR, BUT IT CONTAINS HIGH PROTEINS OPTIONS & VITAMINS\" Quick Instructions Soak madora in boiling water for 10 minutes. Get your other ingredients ready which are 1/2 tsp ginger, 4 tsp curry powder, 1 tsp salt, 1/2 ground black pepper and oil for frying. Drain your madora using a colander and rinse them. Heat oil in pan, add your garlic and ginger and swirl. Add madora and cook stirring occasionally for about 10 minutes. Add curry powder and stir. Add onions and stir until the onions are done (about 2 min) Add tomatoes and stir again until they are cooked (2 min). Finally add shallots and stir until everything is mixed and blended in (1 min). Your delicacy is ready and ready to serve with plain sadza.
Pictorial Detailed Instructions REQUIRES LESS Soak madora in boiling water for 10 minutes (see step 1 EVERYONE COULD pictorials). Get your other ingredients ready TRY IT (a) . Drain your madora using a colander and rinse them Add tomatoes (a) (b). Heat oil in pan and stir again until they are cooked (2 min) (c), add your garlic and ginger and swirl (d). (b). Finally add shallots (c) and stir until everything is mixed and blended in CHEAP BUT RICH TO OUR (1 min) (d). YOUR BODY Add madora Ready to serve! (a) and cook stirring occasionally for about 10 minutes PAGE 7 (b). Add curry powder and stir (c). Add onions and stir until the onions are done (about 2 min) (d).
How to Safely Wear a Medical Mask Source: World Health Organization Do's Thoroughly wash hands with soap and water before touching the mask Check the mask for any tears or holes Find the top side where the metal piece or stiff edge is Ensure that the colored side faces outwards Place the metal piece/stiff edge over your nose Cover your mouth, nose, and chin.
ENVIRONMENT & TOURISM TALKING ENVIRONMENTAL WITH RUMBIE VISIT TO AMAZON JUNGLE PAGE 11
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE ''..Summer Time Is Here, Is Your Fire Guard Ready?...'' WRITTEN BY RUMBIDZAI NOREEN MATONGA The fire season in Zimbabwe according to According to (EMA) the construction of fireguards must the Environmental Management Agency in Zimbabwe be done between April and June before the fire season runs from July 31 to October 31. It is characterized by dry vegetation, hot and windy begins. Statutory Instrument (SI) 7 of 2007 of the conditions which are Environment Impact Assessment and Ecosystems conducive to fire outbreaks. Protection Regulations states that it is an offence to Dry vegetation plays as good fuel, whilst hot deliberately start open fires during the fire season. The temperatures and oxygen from windy conditions SI also states that failing to put fireguards, is an catalyses everything that is offence. The Forest Act Chapter 19:05 is another legal needed to start a fire. instrument regulating fire management. However this is Therefore it is very important for people to always be most applicable to people who have farms, plots and prepared for any fire outbreaks which are normally at open land that they use for different projects. But it their rise during this does not eliminate the people that stay in urban areas season. As we are fast approaching this season, because fires are caused by both anthropological and I am going to explain a few non human activities, therefore it is paramount to know things that one may need to know so as to protect what to do when you are in a fire emergency, the their selves, the environment importance of fireguards, the effects of fires and what and even their livestock and crops. you can do to put out a fire.
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE ''..Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that is lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate. The most known consequence of deforestation is its threat to biodiversity...'' PAGE 13
TALKING ENVIRONMENT WITH RUMBIE \"...Nature protects if she is protected …\" For Agricultural purposes it is very important to clear land By destroying the forests, human activities are putting entire that will be used during the farming season. The other ecosystems in danger, creating natural imbalances, and putting land which is not being used should just be left like that in Life at threat. The natural world is complex, interconnected its natural state, so that it can rejuvenate. (foodweb & foodchain), and made of thousands of inter- Clearing of unused land has brought so many negative dependencies and among other functions, trees provide shade impacts to the environment. This leads to deforestation and colder temperatures for animals and smaller trees or and the negative climate change we are facing right vegetation which may not survive with the heat of direct sunlight. now. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization Besides, trees also feeding animals with their fruits while providing estimates the annual rate of deforestation to be around them with food and shelter they need to survive. 1.3 million km2 per decade Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that is lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate. The most known consequence of deforestation is its threat to biodiversity.
Sassy Healthy forests support the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people globally, one billion of whom are among the If You Think world’s poorest. This means there are many people Economy Is More depending on forests for survival and using them to hunt Important Than The and gather raw products for their small-scale Environment,Try agriculture processes. Holding Your Breath While Today, 52% of all the land used for food production is Counting Your moderately or severely impacted by soil erosion. In the Money long term, the lack of healthy, nutritious soil can lead to low yields and food insecurity. Deforestation weakens and degrades the soil. Forested soils are usually not only richer on organic matter, but also more resistant to erosion, bad weather, and extreme weather events. This happens mainly because roots help fix trees in the ground and the sun-blocking tree cover helps the soil to slowly dry out. As a result, deforestation will probably mean the soil will become increasingly fragile, leaving the area more vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides and floods. It also has a very strong contribution to climate change. Why? Let’s remember trees absorb and store CO2 throughout their lives. If we speak about tropical forests, they hold more than 210 gigatons of carbon, according to WWF. And what’s worrying is that the destruction of these trees has two big negative side-effects. Firstly, taking down trees means they’ll release back into the atmosphere the CO2 they were keeping. Secondly, fewer trees available means reducing the planet’s overall ability to capture and store CO2. Both these effects negatively contribute to the greenhouse effect and to climate change . As a matter of fact, while food and agriculture account for 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for 10-15% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. PAGE 15
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE 1. Clearing land that will only be used for farming purposes for that The most important thing to know about fires is season only. that not all fires can be extinguished with 2. A forestation water. It is very important to know the source of 3. Practicing the new pfumvudza technique it uses small land but fire to be able to identify the correct more outputs distinguishing method. Electrical fires should 4. Using other sources of fuel such as solar never be extinguished using water because the 5. Proper disposing of light cigarettes person extinguishing can get an electrical 6. Constructing fire guards shock and get injured or die. 7. Having enough Knowledge about fire and how to put it out This is because water is a conductor of heat. For fire to occur there should be fuel, oxygen and heat. Therefore to Therefore, the first thing is to be able to switch distinguish fire you have to eliminate either or all of the off the electric switch then use foam requirements needed to start a fire. For example, when you are extinguisher or soil to extinguish the fire. This is cooking using firewood. If you remove the fuel (wood) the fire will the safest way to extinguish it. Oil fires can cause explosives once water is put in them slowly extinguished whilst burning. These explosives can destroy GET TO KNOW RUMBIE properties, injure or kill people. This is why it is important to always know the source and cause SHE HOLDS: BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN NATURAL of fire before extinguishing it. RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN MONITORING AND EVALUATION LIFE SAVERS INTERNATIONAL FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING TEAM TRAINING
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE TOURISM EMSIKAR VISITS AMAZON The Amazon rainforest is the largest, most diverse, and beneficial ecosystem in the world. The Amazon rainforest region is a tropical rainforest located in the northern part of the South America continent, it stretches across the countries of Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana and Guiana. Serving as the world’s largest specie rich biome, the rainforest offers the world many different types of benefits. Yet the effects of societies under appreciation for it has took a toll on its natural mission. PAGE 17
TOURISM The Amazon rainforest is a tropical forest. The 5 Easy Amazon covers 2.5 million square miles and Ways to extends across nine nations; with 60% of the Cook Your rainforest, the majority of the forest lies in Brazil. Eggs The Amazon embodies more than half of the planets remaining rainforest it’s also the worlds biggest and most specie diverse tropical rainforest region. The Amazon provides numerous natural resources to the world. With its ability to supply 20% of the earth’s oxygen through the planets continuously reprocessing carbon dioxide into oxygen, the Amazon was nicknamed the “Lungs of our Planet. The Amazon River which starts in Peru and flows for over 4,000 miles and meets the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil is the Rainforests life supply. The Amazon Rainforest drainage is home to the world’s largest biodiversity. It is estimated that more than half of the world’s animal, plants and insects live in the Amazon. The rainforest bird’s of the Amazon account for more than one third of the world bird species. Additional 70% of anticancer planets are found in the Amazon. Interdependent relationships serves as the foundation of the rainforest’s ecosystem, these relationships among species have been developing for millions of years. As a result, for each species that becomes extinct from the ecosystem, the survival rate of another species decreases. Simple preservation habits to protect the Amazon: Recycle and reuse anything you can, such as newspapers, books, can, plastic shopping bags. If your neighborhood has curbside recycling, start recycling your glass, paper and plastic. Educate society on ecological importance of tree and the benefits society receives from the Amazon. In addition decrease the use of timber. Planting more trees & protecting them is an excellent way to improve the environment. Involving the community in the planting and preserving surrounding forestation. Finally, providing alternative fuel to the forest bordering poor people in order to decrease demands on firewood for daily need.
TOURISM WITH EMSIKAR As the River Amazon meanders across the Puerto Maldonado and Iquitos, Peru continent, it passes different port cities that act Peru has two main gateways for as gateways to explore this ecosystem. Although BEST visiting the Amazon, known as over 60% of the Amazon is located in Brazil, the Puerto Maldonado and Iquitos. Puerto Maldonado is in the other main gateways are found in Peru and southeast of the country at the Ecuador. These gateway cities have the most confluence of the River Madre de Dios and the River Tambopata. It options for booking excursions, cruises and PLACES TO lodges, so here’s an overview of what each one offers great access to the remarkable Tambopata National has to offer. Reserve. The main way to Manaus, Brazil VISIT IN THE experience the jungle here is by AMAZON The largest city in the Brazilian Amazon staying in a lodge close to or and the country’s main gateway, RAINFOREST within the reserve and taking a Manaus has a population of around 2 guided rainforest tour. million. It is also only accessible by riverboat or plane. While there are Why visit the Amazon rainforest in Peru? attractions such as the Manaus Opera House, Manaus’s proximity to the In comparison to the vast size of Brazil, travel to the Central Amazon Biosphere is what draws visitors. Amazonian jungle of Peru is quicker and more cost Being such a great visitor hub, there are Why visit the Amazon rainforest in Brazil? plenty of tour operators offering day effective. Puerto Maldonado Whereas other gateways are set along tributaries can be accessed by road and is trips and multi-day river cruises into the or smaller sections of the River Amazon, Manaus Amazon. These range from budget to allows you to see this river in all its glory. Despite served by regular flights from luxury, so there’s sure to be one to suit Cusco and Lima. So it's easy to your needs. The surrounding area also being over 1,500 kilometres from the Atlantic has a choice of jungle lodges, which coast, the river is 10 kilometres wide here. So this combine your visit with other iconic sights such as Machu offer excursions into the rainforest such is the perfect destination for those wanting to Picchu within one, short holiday. as canoe trips and treks. marvel at its sheer size and scale. PAGE 19 Manaus also offers the opportunity to witness the ‘Meeting of the Waters’. This is where the Rio Solimões and the Rio Negro merge to form what we know as the River Amazon. As each river is of a starkly different colour, they don’t blend straight away, creating a fascinating natural phenomenon.
CHHAINSNETLORY WITH EMSIKAR BLOOD DIAMOND SIERRA LEONE Lots of people have land, but having land without money to invest in it... it's no use. Job Koademba, Cocoa trader
THE SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR CONTRIBUTED BY: SAMUEL MOMODU In March 1995, the Sierra Leone government hired Executive The Sierra Leone Civil War was an armed During the first year of the war, the RUF took Outcomes (EO) a South Africa- conflict in the West African country of control of the diamond-rich territory in eastern based mercenary group to defeat finally the RUF. Meanwhile, Sierra Sierra Leone from 1991 t0 2002. The war and southern Sierra Leone. On April 29, 1992, Leone installed an elected civilian government in March 1996, and the began on March 23, 1991, when the President Joseph Momah was ousted in military retreating RUF signed the Abidjan Peace Accord which brought an end Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under coup led by Captain Valentine Strasser who to the fighting. In May 1997, Foday Sankoh, with support of Liberian created the National Provisional Ruling Council however, a group of Sierra Leone Army officers staged a coup and rebel leader Charles Taylor and his group, (NPRC). Strasser said the corrupt Momah could established the Armed Forces the National Patriotic Front of Liberia not resuscitate the economy, provide for the Revolutionary Council (AFRC) as the (NFPL), attempted to overthrow the people of Sierra Leone, and repel the rebel new government of the country. They invited the RUF to join them, government of Sierra Leonean President invaders. and the two factions now ruled Joseph Momah. Freetown, the nation’s capital, with In March 1993, the Economic Community of West little resistance. Sierra Leone Civil War was one of the African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) sent The new government under Johnny Paul Koroma declared the war over. bloodiest in Africa resulting in more than mostly Nigerian troops to Freetown, the capital, Yet looting, rape, and murder mostly fifty thousand people dead and half a and assisted the Sierra Leone Army in recapturing by RUF forces quickly followed the new government’s announcement million displaced in a nation of four the diamond districts and pushing the RUF to the and illustrated its weakness. million people. The conflict was diamond districts and pushing the RUF to the ECOMOG forces returned and retook Freetown on behalf of the particularly violent and long because Sierra Leone-Liberia border. By the end of 1993, Koroma government but could not pacify outlying regions. The RUF both the RUF and the Sierra Leone many observers thought the war had ended continued the civil war. government were often funded by “blood because the RUF ceased most of its military diamonds” mined with slave labor. operations. Yet what had begun as a civil war now had international implications as the Sierra Leone government was supported by ECOMOG, Great Britain, Guinea, and the United States while the RUF was backed by Liberia (now under the control of Charles Taylor), Libya, and Burkina Faso. PAGE 21
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE BLOOD DIAMONDS ARE NOT FOREVER In January 1999, world leaders intervened to promote negotiations between the RUF and the government. The Lome Peace Accord was signed on July 7, 1999. That agreement gave Foday Sankoh, the commander of the RUF, the vice presidency and control of Sierra Leone’s diamond mines in return for a cessation of the fighting and the deployment of a UN peacekeeping force to monitor the disarmament process. RUF compliance with the disarmament process was inconsistent and sluggish, and by May 2000, the rebels were again advancing on Freetown. With help from United Nations forces, British troops, and Guinean air support, the Sierra Leone Army finally defeated the RUF before they could take control of Freetown. On January 18, 2002, newly installed President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah declared the Sierra Leone Civil War had finally ended. After slowing to 3.5% in 2018 from 3.8% in the previous year, economic growth in Sierra Leone is projected to rebound to 4.8% in the future driven by increased activities in agriculture and construction as well as the resumption of iron ore production and exports. Growth in these labor-intensive sectors could make a dent on poverty which remains widespread in the country (more than half of the population lives in poverty, according to the latest Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (SLIHS)).
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LIFE AND In a jungle set up like Amazon the only trees that TIMES OF are more attractive are the Sumaumeira and there MPILISO DAIKE are hundreds of them .Why so? NYATHI Perhaps, its because there are the tallest, watching them above while you are below makes you realise TOLD BY GIFT MUTSONZIWA its strength and mostly the attractive features. Its about 80 metres, a few people appreciate that it all started small but admire the appearance of the massive height. Its the same story with Daike most people consider him as successful and attractive as a Sumaumeira but know less about his background. This article records the life and times of Mpiliso Daike Nyathi. PAGE 28
During his time in Nketa 9, he studied at a Milton High School is well known for its rich culture and excellence. It primary government institute called eMgiqika was a dream come true for a boy who grew up in the streets of Nketa where he faced verbal bullying for being taller than his peers. According to Daike it emotionally smelling dust to have a fresh start & continue dreaming in greener wounded him, started feeling so ashamed & pastures. It was surely paradise for Daike who after high school turned downhearted. into a man since he went on to stay 6 years being molded by the philosophy of elephants. He never let the obstacles in hand or what appeared to be a challenge to ruin his days but ''..MILTON TATOOTED MY rather uplifted the better version that we are SOUL WITH seeing in the present world. It takes courage to QUALITIES OF stand up against a bully, sometimes you feel like STAYING SMART & BEING the bully is a curse that was directed to haunt A RESPONSIBLE you forever but the time you stand up and ask GENTLEMAN..'' for help that’s the first step to victory. Daike’s family from the beginning always wanted him to prosper in life, so him learning in a high-density suburb wasn’t going to create such opportunities. How did they rescue the gigantic titan? He moved to Sunninghill where it was agreed he will pursue his studies at Milton High School.
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE The most painful moment for every youth in Zimbabwe is life after schoo. The first months it's usually normal but later on, you feel it running in your veins that you have to do something very productive. Daike wasted no time but continued playing sports for well-known clubs in the city like: 1.Highlanders Rugby Team 2.Matebeleland Warriors Rugby Team which led him to be selected for Zimbabwe Under 21 Rugby Nation Team In Zimbabwe, you cant just focus on one job unless you are willing to be swallowed by poverty. It's the same story with Mpiliso, he had to multi-task to get a piece of cake that he desired so that he could afford things that were always hard to get due to lack of well paying opportunites. At daylight, he was dream-chasing whatever he desired & then evening he would transform into a bouncer at a well-known club called Bulawayo Athletic Club pub (BAC for short). The club has host high profile artistes like Mlindo the Vocalist, Sjava and Dj Zinhle. They say sleep is the cousin of death, the killer of dreams so you always got to keep your eyes open or your dreams won't be able to breathe in and out in a world full of rags and scavengers. According to close friends, this didn't change the super qualities that he boldly says came from teachings offered by his mother & other members of the family. What are the qualities? Daike is a considerate person, warm-hearted & down to earth. He has achieved a lot but it's rare to see him singing about it the whole day with intentions of being superior but he rather listens to you. DREAMS ARE MEANT TO BE TURNED INTO REALITY PAGE 30
Sassy Page 33 Teen Magazine KEEP THE FAMILY (left)Arthur C Evans & (Right )Mpiliso D Nyathi CLOSE No one saw it coming that Mpiliso was going to pursue fashion & modelling, but here we are seeing him on South African Fashion Week & other well- known trending shows. Is it destiny? Surely Mpiliso never pictured himself wearing fancy clothes advertising for big upcoming brands and even on an international level. The world is so ice-cold, the people that you raise when there are six feet down, tend to show less appreciation in your full dedication in doing good deeds for them. Another reason why everyone has started the culture of being self-centred & egocentric. Its the opposite with Daike who really appreciates all the agencies that put him on including support from friends and family. According to him he feels like he owes God too much and its highlighted by his obsession of posting scriptures on his social media pages. He still feels like he has a lot to strive for in the entertainment industry, this is backed up by the fact that he recently launched his talk show on his Youtube channel called MPILISO DAIKE NYATHI SHOW. The show acts as a platform for the youth who are chasing their dreams to showcase their talents and work to the world. When asked about his recent venture to television on a famous South African show called Date My Family he said ''wow it was mind-blowing, an amazing experience, I never thought I was going to mirror on a Tv show which is watched by millions of Africans around the spheroid. I thank everyone that showed me, zest, during such a remarkable moment ..''. After the episode, people went daft tweeting more than 10 000 tweets regarding the episode that featured Daike. Breeze Fm a radio station located in Victoria Falls also shared the spoils by interviing Daike about the show.
EMSIKAR MAGAZINE TEN FACTS ABOUT DAIKE *HIS UNCLE IS VICTOR OLONGA A FORMER ZIMBABWEAN RUGBY CAPTAIN *HIS FIRST AGENCY WAS ENTRENCHED BY SAMANTHA TSHUMA A FORMER MISS ZIMBABWE * WORKED WITH A PHILIPPINES ART ENTHUSIAST ON A PLAN CALLED AFRICAN PROJECT WHICH WAS EXHIBITED IN TORONTO, CANADA *WORDED WITH ARTHUR C EVANS A NEWS ANCHOR *HE HAS HIS TALK SHOW ON YOUTUBE WHICH RECENTLY PREMIERED *FORMER MILTONAIN *HE RECENTLY SIGNED WITH A SOUTH AFRICAN AGENCY *FEATURED AT A SUZUKI FASHION DRIVER * FORMER UNDER 21 ZIMBABWEAN RUGBY PLAYER *HE IS A CHRISTIAN PAGE 32
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EMSIKAR EMPOWERING PROGRESS 5G IN THIS ISSUE WE FOCUS ON 5G NETWORK GIVING YOU MORE INFORMATION THAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT. WHO INVENTED IT? WHY IS IT SPECIAL ?DOES IT HAVE DISADVANTAGES? ALL THESE QUESTIONS WILL BE ANSWERED.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY WHAT IS 5G? \" 5G stands for Virtualization of mobile networks is a key part of fifth-generation 5G. Operators can use software-defined cellular wireless,\" networking (SDN) to create a network topology that includes multiple hierarchies. The different 5G is the next step beyond 4G and LTE mobile networks, with faster speeds, more bandwidth, and a wider range hierarchies will contain radio access network than previous networks. It’s a developing technology, with (RAN) radios of different sizes. several major mobile network carriers researching and Virtual RAN (vRAN) and open source RAN (O-RAN) improving the network as it evolves. both play a key role in this. RAN is becoming disaggregated and abstracted from hardware, becoming more elastic and better able to handle traffic surges through vRAN. Network virtualized functions (NFV) help orchestrate this virtualization. Open-source developments are fueling collaboration between telecoms and creating a network that can be universally adopted among companies. User demand for increased bandwidth is growing. Another key part of 5G is that fact it operates on Technology that requires more data than before, such as a higher-frequency band of the wireless spectrum, known as the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum. This enables users to access more bandwidth than before. high-quality video streaming and virtual reality software, is a part of this demand. Telecoms are looking to use 5G PAGE 34 as a way to deliver high speeds, low latency, and better value to a burgeoning customer base of mobile data 5Gusers.
The forthcoming 5G standard promises a boom in SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY mobile network bandwidth and an explosion in the number of Internet of Things (IoT)-connected devices. 5G Virtualization at the Edge According to Nokia Bell Labs, the number of devices is Virtualization will be an essential component at th expected to balloon from 1.6 billion in 2014 to more network edge—namely, the virtual partitioning of t than 20 billion devices by 2020. mobile radio access network (RAN). Also through network slicing, operators will be able to create Mobile operators are already seeking to enhance their unique services that are customized for various us investments to handle ever-increasing consumer and cases such as IoT, automated cars, streaming vide remote health care, and so on. They can create business connectivity demands, so it’s only natural that virtual networks for those applications that boas they’re turning to infrastructure-enhancing technologies separate blends of performance, capacity, latenc such as network virtualization (NV), software-defined security, reliability, and coverage. networking (SDN), and network functions virtualization With the ability to deploy a wide array of sliced (NFV) to evolve their business. The 5G network will networked services from a single physical networ require virtualization both at the network’s core and at operators will be able to diversify, expand, and the network’s edge. increase their revenue streams in a highly cost- effective way. In 5G, virtualization will do away w the notion of communications built upon a single mobile network infrastructure, opening up the potential for limitless numbers and types of support use cases. 5G Virtualization at the SDN and NFV Level The 5G future depends on virtualization technolog such as SDN and NFV. SDN provides the complet abstraction of the physical network infrastructure and NFV allows the deployment of network functio through negating the rigid necessity of purchasin physical appliance 5G Network Countries: South Korea 5G Network Countries: The United States Two service providers in South Korea are vying to be first to market with a 5G The United States has some advantages in the 5G network. SK Telecom has acquired spectrum in the 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz network race. Namely, the U.S. already has a lead frequencies in anticipation of deploying 5G. Meanwhile, Korea Telecom when it comes to existing 4G networks, thanks to made a splash in early 2017 with its announcement that it would roll out a spectrum holdings and the use of unlicensed trial 5G network ahead of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. spectrum. The trial network is expected to cover events in Bokwang, Gangneung, The United States also leads the way in spectrum Jeongseon, PyeongChang, and Seoul. efficiency, permitting the repurposing of broadcast spectrum for broadband. However, the United States 5G Network Countries: China also has disadvantages slowing it down in the 5G China is also expected to be a fast-mover in 5G. The GSMA estimates that network race between countries. Local and municipal by 2025 China will represent 40 percent of global 5G connections. According to a study from the China Academy of Information and governments hold zoning authority over cell towers and base stations, which can slow down Communications Technology, the research arm of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), 5G could account for 3.2 percent of China’s authorization — a potentially bad sign for 5G, which entire GDP in 2025, generate 8 million jobs, and add 2.9 trillion yuan in will be characterized by a dense network of small economic value by 2030. As hungry consumers demand more and more 5G cells services, the country expects a huge increase in the number of new companies, employment opportunities, and equipment sales.
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EMSIKAR MAGAZINE COVER STORY COVER STORY Africa Is Largely Influenced by Foreign Culture Especially Western Culture. Has Africa Now Sacrificed Her Own Culture on the Altar of Expediency?
What is culture? What is civilisation? When people think of culture, they often tend to do so in very simple and more monolithic way. Culture is not only about dancing, it is not limited only to music; it is not about costume alone. It is beyond pattern of social celebration, rituals pertaining to birth and marriage, cuisine or sport. Beyond that and this is important, culture is about people’s total way of life; the way people live, eat, worship, produce, create and recreate Its the ideas, belief system, values and norms, which constitute the common bases of generally agreed social action. Often you hear it said, “we have lost our values as Africans.” Africans say it and even non-Africans say the same thing. Which suggests that there must be some recognizable virtues or traits that identify an African and which informs her/his values. The world-renowned novelist, Professor Chinua Achebe in his book alludes to this sentiment that the traditional African man is increasingly aware that his daily life in its traditional setting is gradually and consistently “falling apart.” Apart from alluding to a loss of “values”, certain school of thoughts believe that the “African values” have no place in the twenty-first century economic discourse, therefore suggesting that these “values” wherever they exist, are extant, non-relatable and translatable in the economics of the twenty-first century. Is it true that we have lost our “values” as Africans and can we effectively locate the values in today’s highly competitive global business world? Working on the conviction that an African value system does exist; we should start by delineating what these “values” are essentially. African values are not values shared by black people alone. There are black people all around the world and not many of them share the African heritage or experience. Hence it will be unfair to foist values that are totally alien to them. There are also non-black people who are Africans and who in one time or the other have had related with the “values”. On that premise, a value connotes something of usefulness, importance or worth. For instance, language as a thing, has worth, therefore it has value. Money is valuable because it is useful and important. African values are unwritten moral codes commonly identified by people living within the geographical sphere of the continent. They refer to moral principles which guide the actions and belief systems of people living within and outside the territory, but are of African descent. The value manifests over a period of time through shared experiences, environment and social interactions. PAGE 40
The pre-colonial African society is often considered ''..FRICAN the ‘Golden Years’ of African values. It was a period VALUES CAN BORROW FROM where the African was not distracted by foreign THE WORLD BUT visitors with their foreign influences; hence the African THERE IS MORE THE WORLD CAN was free to practice his traditional values almost BORROW FROM exclusively. AFRICAN..'' The coming of the colonial masters has been blamed ONOHUA FRANK as the beginning of the gradual erosion in the traditional value system. This ebb, according to some scholars, was facilitated with the introduction of Western education. In his paper, ‘Globalization and its Challenges to National Cultures and Values: A Perspective from Sub-Saharan Africa’ Michael O Maduagwu asserts that “in traditional Africa, education was essentially functional preparation to meet the challenges of the society. The colonial educational system, on the other hand, was designed to alienate the African from his or her culture, to loathe his or her language and manual work.” The new educational system stayed unchanged even after most of the countries in Africa had gained independence.
PAGE 42 COVER STORY In the face of onslaught from globalization, technological and scientific discoveries, many scholars are worried that African values face the threat of total annihilation. Today the world is described as a “global village”, the interaction of different cultures and adoption of new ideas has – and will, continue. While it is true that many African societies have had to readjust their world views mostly because of the need to remain marginally or significantly competitive, it is untenable to suggest that most of African values may not survive in the arena of global economics. Firstly, Africa was not the only continent in the world that was colonized and that is currently experiencing the challenges of coping with colonial and neo-colonial influences. In Asia, countries like China, India (1930), Singapore (1959) were former colonies at some points. Their traditional values have also undergone changes in the process of interaction. Nevertheless, these states have made extra effort to ensure the survival and relevance of their values in the global arena. Chinese culture is globally recognized. The Chinese language is one of the languages used in the United Nations. School of Oriental studies are in various institutions around the world. Africans, in my opinion, have not “lost” their values. I will like to think it is in limbo, a place of uncertainty. Unfortunately, the more it is this state, the weaker it gets, and the weaker it gets the greater the chances of being supplanted. There is a place for African values in world economic discourse, but the African must wittingly cultivate and nurture these values to be seen to be relevant in the twenty-first century. The colonial period has come and gone, and though the legacies persist and may be overwhelming in the interim, but its effect on the positive values of Africans can be mitigated by constant patronage. For instance, Arabian and Swahili are the most widely spoken languages in many African states. Institutions within the continent can incorporate both languages in their curricular.
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