កម្ពុជា នឹង វៀតកុង

December 1965 INDOCHINA ARCHIVE University Californiakarpßayrbss' arBtm· anGgr brU I rkßasTi ®Ïi Kby' a\" g (Exemsa qS~ 2004)

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 1 esckI†segb≈bJa˙ TnM akT' nM gkmC¨ı aCamyY eyokkgu ®bmlU pe¨M† llI kN≈ :®Tg®' TayBrImyY KnW eyaVykarbreTsrbss' hI nu ngi karCH≤TBÏi lmkelI ecjBkI arrkI dHu dalkanE' tFeM LgI @ ´nclnakmu y¨µ nsi n† yi menAynY xagt∫gË . myY cMENkeTot KkW are®b®I VsT' kw dEI xrµ rbsB' kY eyokkgu edmI ∫eI FC√I a®bPBTkI Eng¬pl† e' s∫øg, TCI rM k ngi CakarsrM lY kci kç arEpk~ neyaVy .karesbuI Gegt˚ dh* tµ c' tm' yY B®I Kb®' Cgu e®CaybJaÇ kf' a BkY eyokkgu TTYles∫øgenAxagkg¨~ ngi qg¬ tamry:®beTskmC¨ı a kb* Eu\" nV† nbga˙ jfa ThM ´M nkarpl† e' s∫øgenaHtci tcY eT ebeI ®bobeFobeTAngw karTTlY paÊ lt' amry:®beTslav ngi BxI agkg¨~ rgg√ ®' beTsynY xagt∫gË . vaCakarc∫asN' as' EdlfamankarXbu Xti s®u˜fl Kl´uM nBkY mÂnE†I xrµ bNa† l[BkY eyokkgu TSgGse' nHrs'enAya\" gsxu sb∫ay kg¨~ tbM nC' ae®cnI tambeNa† y®BEM dnExrµ . BkY kmu y¨µ nisk† V* nerobcpM gEdr nvU TkI Eng¬ gay®slY tcY @Casma© te' nAelTI kw dEI xrµ .karbJaÇ kT' SgGsV' nbga˙ j[dgw fa TkI Eng¬ srM lY karTSgenH KCW aEpk~ myYdt* cU beu\" Naˆ H ´nkarxti x®M bgw E®bgTSgGm∫almaNrbsB' kY kmu y¨µ nsi † enA‰®sku ynY xagt∫gË .enHehyI CaPst¨† agya\" gsxM anE' dlqH¨¬ bga˙ j[eXjI eTaHbrI daΩ PVi -lExrµ man…kB* muM anectnasmKnM ti CamyY ®btbi tk†i arrbsB' kY eyokkgu enAk¨~g®sku xnÁ¬ ke* day . shI nku BM gu mankarcabG' armNµ k_ anE' txS¬ geLgI @ceM JHkarefa˚ leTasEdlfa ®sku Exrµ Vn®tvU e®b®I Vse' dayBkY eyokkgu . dl'deU cH~ eTA rdaΩ PVi lPeM~ BjVnsakl∫grHi rkmeF¥aVyTbT' lc' eM JHkare®bI®VsE' bbenH edaye®bnI vU lTPÏ aBrbsx' nÁ¬ edmI ∫®I ttY Bni ti ¥eTAel®I BEM dnman®bEvg600´ml\" r_ bsx' nÁ¬ CamyY ®beTsynY EdlxnÁ¬ BGuM acngw eFG√I V√I nTal'EtesaHenaH . P

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 2 bribTneyaVy 1- karsrM Hu srM lY myY EdlVneFe√I LgI enAT®I kgu hßEW NvkalBqI S~ 1954Gacrabf' aCa®Bti k†i arNm_ yY dl* Ì srM abe' scks†I gÙmw ´nrdaΩ PVi lPeM~ Bj .‰kraCPaBf@µI ´n®beTskmC¨ı a kV* n®tvU shKmGnr† Catei F[√I ®tmw ®tvU ®sbc∫ab.' brU NPaBTkw dI EdlCacNM abG' armNµ m_ yY dF* ´M ®kElgenAPeM~ Bj®tvUV* nFanaeday®beTshteƒ lxI . eTaHkarFanaenHemlI eXjI BeI ®kACagkarBti ke* day kv* a®Kane' bCI agKaµ nVneFG√I T√I SgGs' . karsrM Hu srM lY kV* nbJŒb'pgEdr nvU karvay®byTu KÏ a~ ceM BlEdlsÂga mkBM gu raldalhrU kBM bc' UleTAkg¨~ Tkw dEI xrµ . CamyY karcecsmanHngi PaBrgw rsU mni smehtpu lngiCa®bCaCatGi ®bsTi PÏi aBya\" gNak,†I BkY KN:®btPi EU xrµ VneFk√I artvaT\" amTarrcY ehyI kV* nTTlY nvU Cy& CnM H elkI ardkkgTB& eyokmji fyecjBTI kw dIExrµ . rdaΩ PVi lshI nsu eM rccti † mni cabe' pm†I eFk√I arkank' ab®' Kb®' Kgrbsx' nÁ¬eTAelTI kI Eng¬ TSgGse' naH edayeFk√I arvay®bhar®bqSgBrI dgeTAeleI T . 2- ®bEhlEdll®Ì besrI CagGT√I SgenaH, kci ®ç Bme®BogT®I kgu hßEW NvVnbnßl[' ®sku ynY EbkCaBrI ngi Tne' xßay . deM NrI ®bvts†i a®sy† nY eF√I[®stu cHu ´nåbTb√I ®tvU VneK®bemeI mlI . kci kç arneyaVye®kA®beTsrbsE' xrµ k®* tvU rkßaTku nvU sPaBkarNd_ Edl . 3- ceM JHshI neu hyI ngi BlrdEΩ xrµ ‰eTot, kta† ds* xM ane' nAkg¨~ ®bvts†i a®ss† my& f´µI nåbTb√I åNcËÎ ni KmW ni Tku bENt† beNa† y[manKnM absgt˚ 'mkelTI kw dEI xrµ BsI NM ak®' beTs´fngi ynY eLyI . kta† epßgeTot, GaNanKi mnyi mVrSg ®BmTSgkar®byTu tÏ srUfl vagshrdGΩ aemrki CamyY ngw kmu y¨µnsi c† ni km* ansar:sxM anN' asE' dr . enAkg¨~ kareFv√I Pi aKcgu e®kay, eTaHbyI a\"gNake* day, GT√I SgGse' nH K®W KbeTAelbI Ja˙ CamlU daΩ nc®kBtn†i yi m…Ga-NanKi mnyi mrbs´' fngi ynY . 4- enAkg¨~ kar®byTu tÏ seUfl dmI ∫bI rU NPaBTkw drI bsx' nÁ¬ , Exrµ Vn®tvU xni√ x√ge' daysarPaBTn®' Cayrbsx' nÁ¬ edayBGuM ace®bobpmwÊ eTAngw kmS¬ grbs´' fngi ynY VneLyI . dld' eU cH~ eTA Exrµ ®tvU bgcM≈ ti r† BM gw eTAelvI Fi kI arTtU . kalBsI tvtßT1I 9, eBlxg~ eTATln' gw CJSÇ g, Exrµ Vnrte' TABgw VrSg[mkCyYkarJrxnÁ¬ BBI kY ®beTsCti xagdx* S¬ gka¬ . GeM BGI aNaB¥aVlVrSg, ebtI amkar

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 3yle' XjI rbsE' xrµ , BEuM mnCaJk¥srM abb' nrËÏ enaHeT. ebVI rSgBti Camant´m¬xgı x' sı s' rM abk' arkarJrEmn, ebVI rSgTÂnaÊ nCHi CanF' n© F' r© eTAelGI Fbi ety¥PaBExrµ Emn, enaHvaCaerOgGksu lmyY . erOgEdlsxM ane' naHKfW a ®sku Exrµ ®tvUVnEfrkßa[stƒi enAKgv' gd' Edl . 5- saƒ nkarNV_ nE®b®blY kg¨~ GLM g¨ qS~ 1950 . KnM ti Catni yi mEdlpusplu eLgI enAe®kayeBlsÂga mTTU Sg≤NcËÎ ni kV* nDtU enAkg¨~ dgY cti ´† nBkY yvu Cnerons®U tecHdgw Exrµ Cae®cnI rmY TSgshI npu g . ®sku Exrµ mni Gacbne† FC√I aGaNanKi mVrSgrhtU enaHeT . sxM anC' agenH, eTaHbmI ankarBti Edlnyi ayfa GNM acBti ®VkdenA≤NcËÎ ni kBM gu ®tvU pa¬ sb' rˆ ke* day . ceM JHExrµVrSgKCW akmS¬ gEdlTne' xßay ehyI mhaGNM acmyY feµI Tot®tvU EtclU xnÁ¬mkCnM sY ®bsni NaebEI xrµ cgE' frkßakarJrbrU NPaBTkw drI bsx' nÁ¬ . 6- shI nBu EuM mnCaCn®Tsw n†I yi meT ehyI enAeBlKat®' bkany' k«KnM tiGB¥a®ktw ¥nyi m» eFC√I amaKan· eyaVye®kA®beTsrbsE' xrµ KmW kBKI ti famanEtrbU mn«† GaB¥a®ktw ¥nyi m»enHehyI CaEbbbTds* msnY Edl®bCaCatei T-IbVn‰kraC¥efaµ gf®µI tvU ®bkany' k, ehyI shI nku K* aµ nmnlÊi sgßy& Ge√I saHeLyI kg¨~ kar®byt& ®~ bEygX®uM Kg®sku Exrµ [stƒi enACaya\" gdeU cH~ . EdlsxM anC' agenHenaH, «neyaVyGB¥a®ktw ¥nyi m», Vnepa† teTAelvI Fi ankarxagpvˬ TtU CaCagkare®bdI eM NaH®sayeyaFaeTAelbI Ja˙ nana ehyI ®BmTSgepa† teTAelkI arecosvag®bckU ®cbls' K¨µ saµ jenAkg¨~ sÂga m®tCak' edayGneu lameTAtameKalchM rCa®b´BNrI bsE' xrµ ngi PaBBti CakE' sg† enAk¨~g≤NcËÎ ni . shI nVu nseM rcyk«neyaVyGB¥a®ktw ¥nyi m» EtmyY Kt'eTaHbyI a\" gdcU emc† ke* day . ceM JHTsßn:rbsK' at,' GB¥a®ktw PaBGaceF[√I®bCaCatti cU tac e®b®I Vsk' ar®bTaj®bTgm' ni esPµI aBKa~ ´n≤TBÏi l EdlkBM ug®bNSg®bECgKa~ rvagmhaGNM acmyY CamyY ngw mhaGNM acmyY eTot . 7- shI neu lgesø~ tenHya\" gbnui ®bsbG' sc' nM nY dbq' S~ . KatV' ncat'EcgEfrkßaCsY Clu TnM akT' nM grbsK' atC' amyY shrdGΩ aemrki ya\" glÌ eTaHbIKatm' anGarmNµ f_ a shrdGΩ aemrki mankarJkB' n& GÏ eM BTI cu rç ti CamyY esomngiynY xagt∫gË ®bqSgrdaΩ PVi lrbsK' atk' e* day . enAeBlCamyY Ka~ enaH, eTaHbyI a\" gNake* day, KatV' neFT√I nM akT' nM gCamyY cni kmu y¨µ nsi † kanE' t®besrIeLgI bnc†i mg† @CaldM ab' . karfgw¬ Efg¬ enHcabe' pm†I pH¨Ê eLgI enAedmI TsvtßqS~hku sbi edaysarkmS¬ gkmu y¨µ nsi k† anE' txS¬ geLgI @enA‰ynY xagt∫gË .

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 4 8- lkw NaBkY eyokkgu Kaµ nbgk˚ ar®bktY ®bECgGs√I k& s†i Ti Ïi ceM JHrdaΩ P-iVl®kgu ´shg˚ eT, GeM BkI bu kmKµ ®W KanE' tCakarerOgbnaÊ bb' nßbM eu\" Naˆ HceM JHExrµ . rhtU dle' dmI qS~ 1958, deM NrI eknI eLgI Cabnb† naÊ b´' nskmPµ aBTB&´®B kc* abe' pm†I bH\" Tgci dlT' nM akT' nM grvag´shg˚ ngi PeM~ Bj . enAcgu Exmfi -una, myY ybm' nu eBlkarecjdeM NrI rbss' hI nu eTACbY nyi ayKa~ CamyY ´s-hg˚ , BkY kgTB& ynY VneFk√I aredjtamVj®' bharBkY eyokkgu rcY ehyI Vnkank' abP' mU Ei xrµ myY kg¨~ ry:eBlya\" gxp¬I g . åb∫te†i hteu nH KCW aGeM BrI eM laPQa¬ nTmI yY enAkg¨~ ry:evlady* rU kng¬ mk EdleF[√I mankarefa˚ leTasKa~eTAvji eTAmk rcY ehyI shI nku l* bu ecalkareFd√I eM NrI rbsK' ate' naHeTA . 9- eTaHbsI kmPµ aBBkY eyokkgu mantnY aTsI xM ank' anE' te®cnI eLgI @ eTAelTI nM akT' nM gdG* abG' rY rvag´shg˚ ngi PeM~ Bjke* day, eKKaµ neXjI sJaÔ NamyY cgl¨Ì ®Vbf' a enATsvtßThI asbi ngi edmI TsvtßThI ku sbi shI neu COfa karVn\" ®' bmaNCaf´µI nneyaVyrbsK' atc' eM JHrdaΩ PVi leyom cSVc'Edr…eT . Cakarpy¨Ê eTAvji , KatV' nsarPaBfa vtm† anrbb®bqSgkmu y¨µ nsi †enAynY xagt∫gÁ KCW yY dlE' xrµ eTAvji eT . kg¨~ bTsma∏ snm_ yY CamyY kaEstVrSg Le Monde, shI nVu nnyi ayya\" gchM fa – «edmI ∫rI kßaTnM akT' nM glÌCamyY mti k† mu y¨µ nsi r† bsx' ,¨∆M enaHeygI mni ®tvU man®BEM dnCabC' amyY Ka~ eT» . 10- mancNM cu xH¬ , dcU kalBeI dmI qS~ 1961, shI n®u sabe' COfa BkY eyokkgu Bti CaQH~ sÂga menAynY xagt∫gË . Kats' mgw¬ emlI eXjI edayPa∆ ke' plÌIceM JHGE√I dlKaty' lf' a CakarCabp' gu lg®' TensrbsG' aemrki Sgkg¨~ saƒ nPaBenAynY xagt∫gË eqaı HeTArkbraCy& . KatV' nes[~I eFk√I arcrcaCamyY BkY TB&´®B kg¨~ eBlkmS¬ gBkY enHenAmni Tanx' S¬ gEmnETnenAeLyI . vtb¨ƒ NM g´nkarcrca KeW dmI ∫eI F[√I ynY xagt∫gË «eTACaGB¥a®ktw ¥» EdlKatc' gm' anny& fa Tku[ynY enAEbkKa~ . karTTcY rbsK' ats' [uM man«sns~i Ti T®I kgu hßEW Nv»cab'BqI S~ 1962mk KeW nAkg¨~ T®mgn' eyaVyenH‰gehyI . 11- kargak´nExrµ eTAxageqg√ VndeM NrI karya\" gehacNask' c* abt' SgBqI S~ 1961Edr rcY ehyI Vn®bkas[dgw enAqS~ 1963 . TnM akT' nM grvagPeM~ Bjngi shrdGΩ aemrki VnfmfycHu edayehtmu kBsI hrdGΩ aemrki mni KS®TkarcrcaCamyY BkY kmu y¨µ nsi † . enAkg¨~ eBlCamyY Ka~ enaH, shI nVu nlat®tdagbga˙ j[eXjI nvU KeM ragkar GBM GI E√I dlKate' COfa KkW arsrM bsrM lY CacSVcC' amyY haNyU ngi ebk\" Sg . bJa˙ srM abs' hI nu KeW Fy√I a\" gNa[TnM gT' nM g

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 5enaHkanE' tl®Ì besrI eLgI @ . 12- nacgu qS~ 1964, shI nCu aelkI TmI yY cabe' pm†I nyi ayya\" gecjmxuTTlY sa lp' vˬ TtU BEuM mn®KanE' tCamyY ynY xageCgI beu\" Naˆ HeT KCW amyY ngw BYkeyokkgu pgEdr. saƒ nPaBya\" be' ynI enA®sku ynY xagt∫gË EtgEtCakarKtiKrU Tku mnu rbss' hI nCu anci ç rcY ehyI Kaµ nG®√I tvU mnlÊi sgßy& eToteLyI Ed-leF[√I Kate' drI clU kanE' te®CA@eTAxageqg√ . shI neu sEÊI t®VkdCrM ju [eTACaya\" gdeU cH~ edaysarkarGss' gÙmw bnn† vU braCy& ceM JHGE√I dlKatc' gV' nCaTbI pM tu kg¨~ ry:eBl2qS~ kng¬ mk KkW areFs√I ns~i Ti hßEW NvsB†I ≤I NcËÎ niEdlKatc' gb' eJjç [eKeXjI nvU CnM ajkarxagTtU rbsK' ate' dmI ∫eI daH®saybJa˙ EdlkBM gu ®KbdNb† k' anE' txS¬ geLgI @ edaykmS¬ gGavFu yTu PÏ N& nÎ gi mnsu ß . ceM JHshI n,u sns~i Ti hßEW NvfeµI Fe√I LgI enAkg¨~ esckr†I BM gw eTAelI«deM NaH®sayGB¥a®ktw ¥»srM ab®' sku ynY xagt∫gË . Kate' nAmansgÙmw faeTaHbKI ate' COCakf' a fe√I bkI arbne† CaKCy& rbsB' kY eyokkgu VneknI eLgI EmnBti ya\" gNake* day kareF[√I ynY xagt∫gË , kmC¨ı a ngi ®sku esom ka¬ yeTACaGB¥a®ktw ¥ GacCarbgmyY xN& EÊ ckmhaGNM acxagektI ngi xaglci mni [bH\" Tgci Ka~ Vn kg¨~ eBlTku [®sku ynY enAEtEbkKa~ . 13- shI nsu xu cti K† S®Tebk\" Sg rhtU dle' cjmxu nyi ayCnM sY cni kg¨~ bJa˙ Gnr† Catni ana enAkg¨~ ®kbxN& ®Ï beyaCnE_ xrµ . kg¨~ eBlnyi ayKa~ myY enAebk\" SgkalBcI gu qS~ eTA (qS~ 1964), ynY xageCgI ngi eyokkgu Vndgw CaelkI TImyY nvU GE√I dlBkY eKsgßy& CayrU mkehyI KsW hI nCu aGk~ crcama~ kd' s* ti√ sa√jGsaç r¥ GBM bI Ja˙ NaEdlTakT' geTAngw pl®beyaCnr_ bsE' xrµ . eBlBkYkmu y¨µ nsi ®† bEkkmni ®BmcHu jm\" ceM JHkarTamTarhsY ehtru bss' hI nu karcrcaKa~ k®* tvU cb' . ceM JHshI n,u erOgEbbenHKKW aµ nGe√I ®kAGBM kI armni esaµ H®tg'rbsy' nY beu\" Naˆ H EdlCaneyaVykEM hgmkelkI mC¨ı a . kg¨~ snu rÊ kfadK* rY[kts' ma lm' yY enAPeM~ BjkalBeI dmI qS~ enH KeW nAkg¨~ eBlKate' FC√I aBFi kI arBYkxageqg√ kg¨~ sns~i Ti ®bCaCn≤NcËÎ ni , shI nVu n®Bmandlk' gTB& Exrµ fa –«BkY c®kBtn†i yi mynY eTaHbmI anBNE· bbNake* day KCW ae®KaHfa~ ky' a\" gBti®VkdceM JHExrµ » . 14- enAkg¨~ sns~i Ti karkEM hgrbsy' nY TSgBrI e®kamGntu r† PaBkmu y¨µ nise† nH, shI nVu ngakeTArk®sku cni kmu y¨µ nsi † enAkg¨~ escks†I gÙmw ehyIKatV' nsarPaBfa eTaHtci tcY ya\" gNake* day cni ngw e®b®I Vs≤' TBÏi lrbs'

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 6xnÁ¬ edmI ∫TI by' nY Edr . dcU kalBeI dmI qS~ 1960, cni Vn®tvU eKraykarN[_ dgwfaVnsn¥a«e®b≤I TBÏi lrbsx' nÁ¬ »CamyY h-U CmI ji edmI ∫bI JH¨ç bJlËç BkY eyokkgu [eKarBGB¥a®ktw ¥PaBExrµ ehyI ngi ecosvagbgå˚ b∫te†i hteu nACti ®BMEdnExrµ . vaCakarc∫asN' asE' dlfa shI nmu anCeM nOtci tcY bpM tu ceM JHkarsn¥angi karFanarbsy' nY EbbenH . Katk' anE' tKaµ nCeM nOCagenHeTAeTot c-MeJHlTPÏ aBrbss' hrdGΩ aemrki EdlGac®tSE®tgenAkg¨~ GasGuI aeKy~ _ . 15- lkw NashI neu COfa BkY eyokkgu ngw QH~ sÂga menAynY xagt∫gËehyI shrdGΩ aemrki ®tvU EtbgeM≈ Fk√I arcrcaedmI ∫rI k®ckecjenaH, eygI kG* acsmgw¬ emlI eXjI fa ®sku Exrµ mxu Ca®bkanC' hM rrbsx' nÁ¬ gakeTAxageqg√ . edaykarbne† hA®sku Exrµ Ca®sku «GB¥a®ktw ¥», eTaHbyI a\" gNake* day,shI ncu gl¨Ì bga˙ jfa KatB' TuM anV' n®bgu e®bobkatp' a† cc' NM gTakT' gKa~ TSgGse' nAeLyI eT . KatV' nrkeXjI rcY ehyI fa karkatp' a† cT' nM akT' nM gCamyYshrdGΩ aemrki ngi karkatb' nyƒ cHu TnM akT' nM grbsK' atC' amyY xaglci mxu Cangw eF[√I Katm' anTkI Eng¬ tcU cegøÌ txS¬ gNas' srM abc' atk' arxagpvˬ TtU . eKsegt˚ eXjI mansJaÔ bJaÇ ky' a\" gc∫asf' a shI nsu gÙmw eFk√I arCsY Clu nvU karxcU xatxH¬ edayeF[√I l®Ì besrI eLgI TnM akT' nM gCamyY c®kPBGge' Ks¬ ngi ®beTsG®U sa† lI . mlU daΩ n´nkarE®b®blY enAkg¨~ ®sku Exrµ KvW aGa®sy& eTAelIdeM NrI kar´nsÂga menA®sku ynY xagt∫gË ‰eNaHeT . eyokkuge®bI®Vs'®sukExµr 16- eTaHbeI KeXjI c∫asf' a BkY eyokkgu Vne®b®I VsT' kw dEI xrµ cabt' SgB´I fd© bM gU eGyI ´nkarbHeVrrbsB' kY eKenAkg¨~ ®sku ynY xagt∫gË ke* day, ThM M´nkare®b®I Vsn' gi TnM akT' nM gds* xM ank' g¨~ sÂga mTB& ´®B BEuM dlc∫asT' alE' tesaH . bJa˙ enaHKfW a mkBkI arxlM akb' BM nY xnÁ¬ tamFmCµ at´i nBkY kmu y¨µ nsi † ®BmTSgTkI Eng¬ EdlBmuM annrNaGacclU eTAdl' . bEnmƒ BeI leI naHeTot ngi rabs' bi qS~ mkehyI ®kdas®' VkE' dlBkY eKe®bI ebtI amesckr†I aykarN_ K_WKaµ nnrNadgw ®bPBVnmkBNI aeT ehyI t´m´¬ n®kdas®' Vke' naHeTotesa-t kK* rY [mnlÊi sgßy& ´®kElg . es∫øg 17- Pst¨† agBti ®Vkd Vnpl† m' kCahrU Ehe®cnI qS~ ehyI GBM kI are®bI®Vs®' sku Exrµ Ca®bPBpl† e' s∫øgsrM abB' kY eyokkgu . karvayt´me¬ TAelI

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 7kardkw CJnËÇ es∫øgTSgGse' nH esrÊI EtBGuM aceFe√I TAVn, kb* Eu\" ne† Kdgw ya\" gc∫asN' asf' a cnM nY Casrbu mantci tcY bpM tu ebeI Ke®bobpmwÊ eTAngw esck®†I tvUkar´nBkY TB& ´®B ehyI ebeI Ke®bobeFobeTAngw GE√I dlBkY eKVnTTlY tamry:®sku lav, tamsm®u T ngi enAkg¨~ rgg√ ®' sku ynY xagt∫gË Etmg† . Pst¨† agkV*nbga˙ j[eXjI pgEdrfa PaKe®cnI ´nes∫øgTTlY VnmkB®I sku Exrµ KsW Tu ÏEtCarbsr' brEdleKGacTji VnenAtamTpI ßar CaBei ssmbË˙ Gahar, fS~ eBT¥ngi seM lokbJM k' …Carbsr' brEdlnSclU mkB®I sku Exrµ karry:bNa† jCjY drU Fmtµ a ngi sxM anb' pM tu CatKi mI xI H¬ @srM abe' ®b®I Vsk' g¨~ yTu sÏ a®s† . BkYeQyI¬ sÂga meyokkgu kV* npl† n' vU cemy¬I Bsi a† rpgEdr GBM kI ardkw CJnËÇ P-sP¨† arenAkg¨~ ®sku Exrµ rmY TSgkarTji drU rbsr' brenAtamTpI ßarsaFarN: ®BmTI Sgkare®b®I Vsp' vˬ dkw CJnËÇ B®I sku Exrµ clU mk®sku ynY xagt∫gË . 18- eKmanmlU ehtxu H¬ ®tvU eCOfa BkY kmu y¨µ nsi V† nKti KrU rcY ehyI fakarTTlY es∫øgmkB®I sku Exrµ mni ®Kb®' Kane' T . kg¨~ {kas«®bCkuM argar»myY enAPeM~ Bj, shI nVu ncgl¨Ì bga˙ jfaBkY eyokkgu VnclU mkCbY emxagesdkΩ ci çExrµ KW snW -san edmI ∫sI TuM ji Ggr˚ BEI xrµ . edayKaµ nEfg¬ bJaÇ k®' Vb[' dgw GBM IkarseM rccti d† cU emc† eT, EtshI nnu yi ayfa karrtB' nGÏ gr˚ ecjB®I sku Exrµ eTA®sku ynY VneF[√I t´mG¬ gr˚ eLgI ´fy¬ a\" gxsı ' ngi eF[√I Vtb' g®' Vkc' NM lUrdaΩ PVi lya\" gseM bmI . shI nTu TlY sa lf' a manBkY mÂns†I vuI li ngi kgTB&Exrµ ®bLak®' bLsË enAkg¨~ GeM BCI jY drU enH edayshI nVu ns[uM rkmeF¥aVysrM ab«' Tbs' a˚ tG' gr˚ k[uM ecjB®I sku » . esckr†I aykarNb_ JaÇ kf' a BkY eyokkgu kBM gu eFk√I arcrcaTji Ggr˚ ®bEhl5,000etan, eTaHbkI ci ®ç Bme®BogKa~ enaHBTuM anV' nseM rcenAeLyI ya\" gNak†I . 19- dld' eU cH~ eTA eKmanesckr†I aykarNy_ a\" ge®cnI KsU bJaÇ kf' a BkYeyokkgu Vneqø¬ t{kasyke®bob elGI eM BrI tB' nqÏ g¬ kat®' BEM dnynY -Exrµ enHedaykardkw CJnËÇ GavFu yTu PÏ N& tÎ amry:®sku Exrµ . manPst¨† agecjBkI arsrY cemy¬I xH¬ raykarNf_ a BkY TB& ´®BmanTkI Eng¬ epßg@srM abl' akG' avFu enAkg¨~ Tkw dEI xrµ rcY ehyI kV* ndkw GavFu enaHcHu eLgI enAtambeNa† y®BEM dnpg .EteTaHbyI a\" gdeU cH~ ke* day eKmanPst¨† agtci tcY Nas' EdlbJaÇ k®' Vbf' aExrµ KCW a®bPB…CabNa† jya\" gsxM an' ´nkardkw CJnËÇ GavFu eTA[BkY eyokkgu 20- esckr†I aykarNC_ vuM ji lTPÏ aBkardkw CJnËÇ GavFu eTA[BkY eyokkguqg¬ tam®sku Exrµ KeW pa† tenA®tgm' ®¨M† kgu ®BHshI nu EdlCakBM gE' psm®u Trbs'

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 8Exrµ EtmyY Kt' EdlGacmankVl\" c' lU eTAdlp' aÊ l' . PaKe®cnI ´nesckr†I aykarNT_ SgGse' nH hakd' cU Cabga˙ j[eXjI GBM kI ardkw ®bKlm' k[ cabe' pm†IBcI gu qS~ 1964 bnr† htU mkdlq' S~ enH nvU GavFu yTu PÏ N& eÎ cjBcI ni kmu y¨µ nsi p† †ld' lE' xrµ . eKBeuM XjI xagExrµ ngi xagcni kmu y¨µ nsi † lakb' BM nY kardkw CJnËÇGavFu TSgGse' nHeT . karclU eTAdlk' BM gE' p´nBkY Gk~ segt˚ karNb_ smwç®beTs dcU CabKu l ki eyaFaG®U sa† lnI gi Gge' Ks¬ CaedmI kB* VuM nhamXatG' √IEdr . tamBti eTA edmI ∫CI akareXasna, shI nVu ncgl¨Ì bga˙ jGBM kI ardkwCJnËÇ ngi karraymxu ´nGavFu TSgGse' nHpg . ehyI eTaHbyI a\" gdeU cH~ ke* dayeKkB* GuM actamdan karEckcaykSePg¬I ´dngi kSePg¬I ynr† bsc' ni enaHVneL-Iy . eKnyi ayfa åbkrNT_ SgGse' nH ®tvU VnykeTAe®bsI rM abT' ahanngikgTB& Vr\" ar\" bsE' xrµ . 21- shI nmu ankarresbI xS¬ gNas' ceM JHkarecaT®bkanE' dlnyi ayfa BkY eyokkgu kBM gu TTlY GavFu tamry:®sku Exrµ . manmg† enaH, Katp' aÊ lx' nÁ¬VneTAdkhtU GavFu BGI aNki CnCatci ni ma~ ke' nAkg¨~ kgGasars®&µ KExrµ BeI ®JHemlI eTA®bEhlman<karyl®' cL>M xH¬ @ . esckr†I aykarNB_ tm· anf@µI GBM Ikare®b®I Vsk' BM gE' p®kgu ®BHshI neu dayBkY kmu y¨µ nsi † VneF[√I shI nsu <uM KN:kmaµ Fki ar®ttY Bni ti ¥Gnr† Cat>i (ICC) eTABni ti ¥emlI dlk' BM gE' pEtmg† .KN:kmaµ Fki ar®ttY Bni ti ¥Gnr† Cati (ICC) VncHu eTAEqkemlI kNM te' htku arcHu bJTÇI nM ji enAkBM gE' p®kgu ®BHshI nu ehyI ngi VneFk√I arvayt´mt¬ amt®mvUkarpaÊ lx' nÁ¬ srM abr' kßaTku nvU ®kmu ®ttY Bni ti ¥Ca®bcSmyY . 22- eTaHbmI ankar®ttY Bni ti ¥emlI sB®√ Kby' a\" gNake* day KN:kmaµ Gikar®ttY Bni ti ¥Gnr† Cati (ICC) enAEtBGuM acFanafa BkY kmu y¨µ nsi n† gw mni e®b®I Vs®' sku Exrµ edmI ∫dI kw CJnËÇ åbkrNe_ yaFaeTA[BkY eyokkgu VneLyI . (lTPÏ aBpvˬ fl~ E' xrµ srM abe' Ke®b®I Vsk' g¨~ kardkw CJnËÇ enH edaylkN≈ :sma© t'ngi ebkI chM Vn®tvU Bni ti ¥emlI ngi raykarNk_ g¨~ kNM tP' aÇ bm' kCamyY enH) .Pst¨† agceM JHehtku arNn_ gi karBti enaHKfW a BkY kmu y¨µ nsi V† nxti x®M bgw E®bgya\" gxS¬ gka¬ edmI ∫eI F[√I kanE' t®besrI ngi B®gkI [kanE' tFeM LgI @ nvU bNa† je®CotclU rbsB' kY eKenAxagTkw dlI av . EteTaHbyI a\" gNake* day BkY eKkr* MBgw eTAelpI vˬ epßg@d´TeTotpgEdr ya\" gehacNasn' aGnaKtqab@' enH . 23- mankta† myY cnM nY Edl®tvU eFk√I arTbs' a˚ t' ceM JHkarB®gkI kanE' tFMeLgI ´nkardkw bJnËÇ es∫øgrbsB' kY kmu y¨µ nsi q† g¬ tam®sku Exrµ . BkY kmu y¨µ -

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 9nsi ®† tvU EtmankarKS®TBsI hI nu edmI ∫eI bkI Ta√ r®sku Exrµ enH ehyI kK* aµ nGE√I dl®tvU mnlÊi sgßy& esaHeLyI EdlfashI n®u tvU eFk√I artbtedayrmY sh®btibty†i a\" gecjmxu EbbenHenaH . e®kamkal:eTs:bcb¨ç ∫n,~ vaCakarBVi kxS¬ gNask' g¨~ kare®b®I Vsk' BM gE' p®kgu ®BHshI nu …kp* vˬ dkw es∫øgepßg@sxM an'@d´TeTot EdlecosBeI KrkemlI mni eXjI . BkY kmu y¨µ nsi k† m* ankarGlE' GkpgEdr enAkg¨~ karerobcbM egt˚I pvˬ dkw es∫øgds* xM anm' yY EdlBkY eK®tvU rBM gweTAelsI hI nu bKu l ma~ kE' dlkng¬ mk BkY eKmni svU CaTku cti b† nu\" aµ neLyI . CMrk 24- Pst¨† agbga˙ jfa BkY eyokkgu Vne®b®I VsT' kw dEI xrµ eFC√I aCrM k kg¨~ry:eBlvay®bharCamyY kgTB& rdaΩ PVi lynY xagt∫gË Vn®tvU eKrkeXjIcabt' SgB´I fd© bM gU ´nkarkektI clnabHeVrenHemH¬\" . eTaHbmI ankarbeM ps¬I xH¬@ke* day CaPaKe®cnI enaHVnraykarNf_ a enAeBleKVtm' ni eXjI BkY eyokkgu KBW kY enHqg¬ ®BEM dnclU eTAkg¨~ dEI xrµ . vaCakarc∫asB' ti ®VkdNas' KWBkY eyogkkgu TSgGse' nH nSKa~ rte' TArkTkI Eng¬ sxu sb∫ayrbsx' nÁ¬ kg¨~ TIkEng¬ Cae®cnI tambeNa† y®BEM dnExrµ . esckr†I aykarNn_ anaVnbJaÇ kf' aBkY TB& ´®BVnsgr' gU enAe®kamdCI ae®cnI kEng¬ enACti @®BEM dn edmI ∫CI akarga-y®slY BcuM SVcc' lU e®CAeTAkg¨~ Tkw dEI xrµ . eBlBkY kmu y¨µ nsi q† g¬ kat' BkY enH®byt& ®~ bEygxS¬ gNas' edmI ∫eI cosvagkarCbY ®bTHKa~ CamyY BkY qSµ bsu\" E_i† xrµEdleKVnnyi ay®tvU rvU\" Ka~ rcY e®scGse' hyI GBM eI rOgenH . 25- ThM ´M nTkI Eng¬ rbse' yokkgu enAelTI kw dEI xrµ ya\" gdcU emc† enaH eKminsvU c∫ase' T KeW K®KanE' tdgw fastƒi enATeI nH…TeI naH tambeNa† y®BEM dnEdlman®bEvg600´ml\" e_ naHbeu\" Naˆ H . Btm· andK* rY [Tku cti V† nGBM eI rOgenH VnmkBkI arsrY cemy¬I BkY Gk~ eTaseyokkgu . esckr†I aykarNb_ JaÇ kf' a TIkEng¬ TSgGse' naHe®cnI tcU @ eKe®b®I Vss' rM abQ' bs' rM ak, eFC√I aXS¬ gpk¨Ê rbsr' bb ngi CakEng¬ srM abh' kw√ hnW√ . CaPaKe®cnI enaH eKeFc√I eM nABeI l®I BEM dnEtmg† . 26- karsrY cemy¬I f@µI enHceM JHGk~ eTasynY xageCgI ma~ k' CakarsrY cem¬Iyds* xM anC' ageKTSgGs´' nesckr†I aykarNe_ nH BeI ®JHepa† teTAeltI bM n'Epk~ cgu bpM tu enATsi xageCgI eqogxagektI ®sku Exrµ EdlCakEng¬ mankar®ttY®taya\" gxßte' xßayBrI daΩ PVi lPeM~ Bj ehyI ngi CakEng¬ EdlBkY kmu y¨µ nsi †e®b®I VsT' kw dTI kI Eng¬ enaH edayKaµ nkardgI æGT√I SgGsB' BI kY mÂnE†I xrµ . ®b-

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 10PBBtm· anenHVn®tvU BkY Gk~ sarBtm· andk®sgJ' k¥sdM fI a BkY eKVnTTlYCnM yY ya\" g<chM >ecjmkB®I sku Exrµ enAeBlBkY eKclU eTAdlT' eI naH . 27- Cnrte' calCrY VnerobrabG' BM kI g‰kPaBrbsx' nÁ¬ , KkW gvresnaFMenAesgI LS ecjmkBTI si xagt∫gË ®sku lav eTAkane' xte† bK¬ U qg¬ katt' ampvˬenAkg¨~ ®sku Exrµ Cti beNa† y®BEM dn®sku ynY xagt∫gË . CnenHGHGagfa Kat'VnQbs' rM aksVuI y6kEng¬ enAkg¨~ Tkw dEI xrµ eTaHbeI sckr†I aykarNb_ JaÇ k'faTkI Eng¬ TSgGse' naHstƒi enAkg¨~ Tkw dyI nY xagt∫gË ke* day . KatV' nGHGagfa KatV' nCbY ®bTHeXjI ®kmu Gk~ ®sku tcU @ dkw Ggr˚ eTAkank' Eng¬ BrI rcY eh-IyKatn' yi ayfa BkY Tahan´nkg‰kPaBrbsK' atk' V* nTakT' gGk~ ®sku enA®tgT' kI Eng¬ enaH edmI ∫sI muM bË˙ Gaharngi VrpI g . 28- Pst¨† agrbU ftskmPµ aBBkY eyokkgu enAkg¨~ ®sku Exrµ Gacykmke®b®I VsV' nEtbnc†i bncÁ† beu\" Naˆ H elkI ElgrbU fmµI yY bga˙ j[eXjI sNM g'®bks' ∫vË fmµI yY cnM nY stƒi enAcgu eJcTsi xageCgI eqogxagektI ®sku Exrµ . pvˬlEM kknu eLgI vji VntPaÇ be' cjBTI kI Eng¬ enaHeTAkans' NM ge' nAkg¨~ ®sku lav Edlbga˙ j[eCOfa skmPµ aBBEuM mnecjmkBxI ag®sku Exrµ eT . TkI Eng¬enaHBEuM dlmankar®ttY ®taBxI agExrµ ngi manCnCatti ci tcY beu\" Naˆ Hrse' nA ngienAkg¨~ EpnTrI bsB' kY kmu y¨µ nsi † eKdakf' aCaEpk~ myuU rbsy' nY eTAvji . 29- rbU ftepßgeTot´ntbM n®' BEM dnExrµ BVi keFk√I arfgw¬ Efg¬ Nas' B-Ie®JHeKBGuM acEbgEckKa~ rvagBkY kmu y¨µ nsi † ngi skmPµ aB®tmw ®tvU rbs®' bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ . rbU ftski ßaGBM ®I BEM dnExrµ myY nyi ayBeI xte† bK¬ TU lm' xu ngw ®skuExrµ CaåTahrN_ ®KanE' tbJaÇ kf' a pvˬ lqM g¬ kat®' BEM dnenaH mannrNama~ kV'nsagsge' LgI 6qS~ mkehyI cabB' pI vˬ elx19eqaı HeTA®BEM dnynY xagt∫gËEdlenA®tgk' Eng¬ enaHCatbM n®' bCeuM dayPmU Ei xrµ . eKmancemy¬I ya\" gsm-rm¥GBM rI bU ftenH . eKnyi ayfaxagPeM~ Bjmankmvµ Fi eI lkI Tkw cti † [mankartSgTlI eM nATeI naH BeI ®JHmkBeI KPy& xa¬ cFa¬ ke' TAe®kamkarkank' abr' bsy' nYehyI ngi eKcgB' ®gkI karkarJr[kanE' t®besrI eLgI enAtambeNa† y®BEM dnynY TSgmlU CaBei ssVnsagsgp' vˬ fl~ e' TAkanb' su\" d_i† ac®' syalnana . 30- Casrbu , eKeXjI ya\" gc∫asf' a BkY kmu y¨µ nsi V† nerobcCM asma© t' nig®bEhlbeNa† HGasn~ nvU TtI Sgrbsx' nÁ¬ kg¨~ Tkw dEI xrµ . EtTkI Eng¬ TSgGs'enH KCW aEpk~ dt* cU myY beu\" Naˆ H´nkarx®M bgw E®bgrbsB' kY kmu y¨µ nsi e† nAkg¨~ ®sukynY xagt∫gË ebeI Ke®bobeFobeTAngw TkI Eng¬ F@M enAkg¨~ Tkw dyI nY paÊ l' .

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 11 neyaVy 31- kare®b®I Vsn' eyaVy®sku Exrµ ceM JHBkY kmu y¨µ nsi † KKW aµ nGC√I ak'Esg† Cagkare®b®I Vs®' sku enH srM abC' a®bPBpl† e' s∫øgngi srM abe' FC√I aTCI rMkenaHeT …myY ®bEhlmansarsxM ane' ®cnI CagenH . rhtU Na<GB¥a®ktw ¥PaB>rbss' hI nlu eM GogeTAxagkmu y¨µ nsi † ngi rhtU NaKate' nA®bkany' ktambnaÊ tn' eyaVyrbsB' kY kmu y¨µ nsi † elbI Ja˙ Gnr† CatCi abnb† naÊ bK' a~ Cae®cnIedmI ∫CI apl®beyaCnr_ bsE' xrµ , enaHebk\" Sgngi haNyU VnTTlY nvU karc-MeNjeXasnaya\" gseM bmI BPI eM~ Bj . saƒ nPaBenHKBW EuM mnKaµ nkarcGM kLkelyI enaHeT, ceM JHshI nKu eW dmI ∫CI yY dlB' kY kmu y¨µ nsi † edayelsfaKatB' uMEmnCaCnkmu y¨µ nsi † ehyI ngi KatG' acbnb† ga˙ jmxu matr' bsK' at' Caemdkw nSCatdi ®* tmw ®tvU smU ∫GI nr† Catki e* Kylf' a Katm' ankar®bLak®' bLsË ®Kane' bIEdr eTaHbKI at®' bkann' vU GB¥a®ktw ¥PaBnyi mya\" gNake* day . KmW kBmI lU -htuenH‰gehIy eTIbcinmankareBjcit†y\"agx¬Sgniyay®Vb'sIhnufacni cgV' n®sku Exrµ stƒi enACa®sku «GB¥a®ktw ¥» . 32- BkY eyokkgu kV* nGsU TajykceM NjneyaVypgEdr B<I GB¥a®ktw ¥PaB>rbsE' xrµ Edl®bEhlmansarsxM anF' CM agkarTTlY sa ln' vU G-B¥a®ktw ¥PaBenHeTAeTot . karenH mni ®tmw EtBkY eyokkgu VnTTlY nvU esck†Isxu BkI arGHGagrbss' hI nu faBkY eKCa «Gk~ beM r»I [CnCatyi nY enA´shg˚Etbeu\" Naˆ HeT KfW a~ kd' kw nSeyokkgu manCeM nOya\" gmS kg¨~ kare®b®I VsG' B¥a®k-wt¥PaBExrµ edmI ∫TI nM akT' nM gKa~ ya\" gsxu sany† rU GEgg√ CamyY ®sku ynY xageCgI ngi ®sku cni qg¬ tamry:®sku Exrµ . manGk~ xH¬ nyi ayfa ®sku Exrµ KCW aTIkEng¬ srM abB' kY eyokkgu eFs√I kmPµ aBneyaVyrabs' bi qS~ mkehyI Ca®ckTa√ rebkI eTArkBPi Belakxage®kA qg¬ tamry:BkY Gk~ kaEstCamti r† bsx' nÁ¬EdlGaceFd√I eM NrI eTAdlC' rM kkgTB& ´®B Edlstƒi enA®sku ynY xagt∫gË . karXubXits~u˜®KlMu 33- eKmanBtm· anya\" g®Kb®' Kan' enAelbI Ja˙ EdlfaExrµ mankarclU rmY´dCapvˬ karCamyY BkY eyokkgu kg¨~ kare®b®I VsT' kw dEI xrµ . BrI VykarNs_ rYcemy¬I ngi B®I bPBepßg@eTotVnnyi ayfa manTkI Eng¬ Cae®cnI enAtamb-eNa† y®BEM dn BkY eyokkgu Vn®sHu ®slY ®tvU rvU\" Ka~ CamyY kgkmS¬ gxagExrµedayeKGnJu aÔ t[BkY kgTB& ´®B rtm' k®CkekanedmI ∫eI KcecosBkI mS¬ gTB& yY

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 12nxagt∫gË . BkY Gk~ eTaskV* nraykarNp_ gEdrfa enAtamTkI Eng¬ xH¬ BkY GaCa∆ FrExrµ Kaµ nTSgrvlc' abG' armNµ G_ T√I SgGs' kg¨~ kardkw CJnËÇ es∫øgdlB' kYeyokkgu B®I sku Exrµ EfmeTotpg . ebBI kY kmu y¨µ nsi m† anbJa˙ bnc†i bncÁ† CamYyCnCatEi xrµ enAtamkEng¬ xÓ¬ eKBeuM XjI manbJa˙ dcU Ka~ ektI enAkEng¬ epßgeLyI . eKesegt˚ eXjI manåb∫te†i hteu BbI ®byTu GÏ avFu Ka~ cnM nY ®bEhl®VMbdI g rvagkgkmS¬ gExrµ karJr®BEM dn ngi BkY eyokkgu VnektI eLgI enAkg¨~ qS~enH. maneBlxH¬ kgTB& Exrµ kV* nebkI ®btbi tk†i areVssGM at ®bqSgBkY eyokkgu EdleKmnlÊi sgßy& reM laPelTI kw dpI gEdr . rbU PaBcrM gU crM HKa~ rvagyYn-Exrµ TakT' ni ngw bJa˙ ®BEM dnenH KcW g®' Vbf' a Kaµ nneyaVyxagPeM~ BjKS®TedayceM JH eTAelBI kY kgTB& ´®Bkmu y¨µ nsi e† T . nabnu\" aµ nExf@µI enH, bEnƒmBeI leI nH, PaBresbI ´nrdaΩ PVi l®kgu PeM~ Bj ceM JHkci ®ç btbi tk†i arsma© tr' b-sB' kY eyokkgu KeW KVneXjI BkY embJaÇ karenAtam®BEM dn Vncatv' Fi ankaredmI ∫FI anamni [manGeM BrI tB' nGÏ gr˚ ngi GavFu xsu c∫ab' qg¬ clU eTA®sku ynY xagt∫gË EfmeTotpg . 34- Pst¨† agds* xM anC' ageK Edlcgl¨Ì [eXjI fa PeM~ BjKaµ nsmn&ı PÏ aBCamyY BkY eyokkgu …smU ∫EI teKeCOfaTkw dEI xrµ CaTkI Eng¬ CrM kds* xM an´' nBkY T&B´®BenaH K®W bEhlmkBkI ars®&µ Kcti e† bkI chM Tkw dEI xrµ [®beTsxage®kAc-UleTABni ti ¥emlI eTdgw . ®sku Exrµ ebtI am‰ksar VnKS®TKN:kmaµ Fki ar®ttY Bni ti ¥Gnr† Cati (ICC) clU eTAeFk√I arBni ti ¥emlI ngi ®ttY ®taTkw drI bsx' nÁ¬ .EteTaHbCI amansTu cÏ ti y† a\" gdeU cH~ ke* day karpl† e' nHBVuM nsakl∫gemlIeLyI . shI nu VnebkI TkI Eng¬ resbI @ [BkY mÂnb†I smwç ®beTseFk√I arBni -it¥emIl nigVnehABYkG~kkaEstGaemrikSg [eTAeFI√karBinit¥emIl®suExrµ edaypaÊ lp' gEdr . EteTaHbmI ankar®ttY Bni ti ¥«ya\" gqabr' hs& »EbbenHEmnBti EteKkrM tw ®BEM dnngi esrPI aB mni [edrI ecjeTAe®kABGI E√I dlVnkNMte' T enHebeI yagtamsdM sI arPaBrbsB' kY Gk~ kaEstGaemrki SgTSgenaH . TIkEng¬ EdlBkY eKVndl' Kaµ neXjI GK√I rY CaTlI akk' VM gM esaH . 35- karEdlPeM~ Bj ngi CaBei ssshI nu EdleKdgw mankarJkB' n& CÏ amyY BkY eyokkgu ektI eLgI enAkg¨~ TkI Eng¬ xH¬ tambeNa† y®BEM dnenaH km* niCac∫asB' ti ®VkdTSgGsE' dr . shI nVu nbdei sFTSgTTcU rabs' bi qS~ mkehyI fa BkY eyokkgu BEuM dlVne®b®I VsT' kw dEI xrµ eT . kb* Eu\" ne† nAkg¨~ eBlCamyY Ka~ enaH, shI nVu ndgw ya\" gc∫asN' as' nvU GeM BBI ku rlyY Ebk¬ @´nBkY m-

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 13ÂnE†I xrµ BfI a~ ke' lcI Hu dlf' a~ kx' age®kam . CakarBti , shI ndu gw fa BkY eyokkguGaceFG√I V√I ne®cnI ya\" genAkg¨~ ®sku Exrµ edayyke®bobelGI eM BeI laPlnh' Ys®bmaNenH . ebsI hI nmu ni Vndgw saƒ nPaBTSgmlU enAtambeNa† y®BMEdneT ln-' nlB' ti Cadgw . ln-' nlV' n®tvU eKraykarNy_ a\" gc∫asf' a Katm' ankar®ByY Vrmc∏ eM JHBkY kmu y¨µ nsi † «EdlEckKa~ Ca®kmu tcU @» yke®bobTkw dEI xrµ kg¨~ ry:eBlvay®byTu eÏ nACti ´bm¬ I . KatV' nbJaÇ kf' a enAkg¨~ erOgenH kmS¬ gkarJr®BEM dnExrµ EdlKaµ nmnsu ß®Kb®' Kan' BGuM aceFG√I V√I nesaHeLIy. 36- BKI nM ti rbss' hI n,u karpl† e' s∫øgeTA[BkY kgTB& ´®Bkmu y¨µ nsi † KWJkB' n& dÏ lk' ar®bfyu ®bfanFn© F' r© Nas' edayKaµ nVnTTlY Gm√I kvji kg¨~ PaBesKµI a~ enaHeT . shI nsu xu cti K† S®TBkY kmu y¨µ nsi † edayeFk√I arpl† G' eM NaysaFarN:CafS~ eBT¥ EtenAkg¨~ eBlCamyY Ka~ ®canecalsNM mU BrCnM jY bEnƒm CaBei ssPsP¨† areyaFaCaedmI EdlCaerOgmyY EbbepßgeTot . ❑ ‰ksarPaÇ b' kmu y¨µ nsi e† ®b®I Vs®' sku Exrµ kg¨~ karKS®T sÂga menAevotNamxagt∫gË 1- ebrI daΩ PVi lExrµ ebkI chM GnJu aÔ t[e®b®I VsT' kw drI bsx' nÁ¬ edmI ∫KI S®TskmPµ aBeyaFaBkY kmu y¨µ nsi e† nAevotNamxagt∫gË , BkY eyokkgu mxu CabeJçj[eXjI nvU karecjclU e®b®I VsV' n´n®BEM dnExrµ -ynY ®bEvg®bEhl600´ml\" _ EdlBkY eKGace®b®I Vse' FC√I aTkI Eng¬ CrM k ngi XS¬ gpk¨Ê sma∏ r:, CrM MsrM abs' rM ak, TkI Eng¬ srM abh' kw√ hat,' mnrÊI eBT¥ ngi kEng¬ eragCag CaedmI .elsI BeI nH BkY eKGacB®gkI ®bBn& pÏ l† e' s∫øgya\" gsxM ann' gi ®bkbedaysn†isxu qg¬ clU eTAkg¨~ tbM nd' sI Nr† ´n®beTsevotNamxagt∫gË . ®bBn& pÏ l† 'es∫øgenHGacmanlTPÏ aBpl† b' Enmƒ rhtU dle' TA1,200etannvU es∫øgdl'kgTB& EdleygI eFk√I arVn\" s' aµ n GacTTlY ®bcS´fe© cjBkI BM gE' p®kgu ®BHsI

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 14hnu . lTPÏ aBenH KmW ancnM nY Cag7dgelsI krM ti Gtbi rma´nKeM ragkar K®W tvUCa165etan ´nes∫øgEdleKt®mvU TTlY mkBxI age®kA srM abB' ®gkI kmS¬ gkgTB& eyokkgu -eyokNamxageCgI GaceFk√I arvay®bharya\" gxS¬ gka¬ enAevot-Namxagt∫gË . lTPÏ aBkgTB& eyokkgu -eyokNamxageCgI Gacbgs˚ ÂgamenAtbM gx' gı r' abevotNamxagt∫gË Vn KBW GuM acektI eLgI BkI are®b®I VsT' kw dIExrµ enHeLyI . tbM nx' gı r' abPaKkNa† l KmW ankargay®slY ngw TTlY es∫øgpaÊ lB' xI ag®sku lav‰eNaHeTAvji eT . 2- eTaHbKI aµ nsh®btbi tk†i arBrI daΩ PVi lExrµ ke* day, BkY kmu y¨µ nsi k† G* ace®b®I VsT' kW dEI xrµ VnEdr . BkY eKGacB®gkI kare®CotclU EdlmanThM tM cU@ edaybJnËÇ mnsu ßEfmeTot [eTATji es∫øgenAtamTpI ßar ehyI ngi beg˚InkarnSclU ®sbc∫abt' amry:hagTnM ji nana EdlCabNa† jrbse' KenAk¨~gT®I kgu PeM~ Bj . es∫øgEdlVnmktamvFi eI nH K®W tvU rtB' nqÏ g¬ ®BEM dn …myYtamvFi sI ma© te' pßg@ . BkY eKkm* antbM n®' BEM dndac®' syalCae®cnI eTotEdrEdlrdaΩ PVi lExrµ Kaµ nkar®ttY ®tadti dl' . tbM nT' SgenaH tamBti KsW rM abe' ®bI®Vsx' agEpk~ kgTB& . 3- cabt' SgBlI TPÏ aB´n®bBn& dÏ kw CJnËÇ es∫øgqg¬ tam®sku lav l®Ì b-esrI tamtrM vU karrbsB' kY eyokkgu -eyokNamxageCgI , kare®b®I VsT' kw dIExrµ KCW a®ckpvˬ bnaÊ bb' nßbM eu\" Naˆ H . eygI VneFk√I arVn\" s' aµ nfa ebeI KbkU bJËçlKa~ TSgkare®b®I Vst' ambNa† jkarTji drU Fmtµ a ngi TSgkare®b®I Vsv' Fi Isma© t' BkY kmu y¨µ nsi G† acTTlY Vnes∫øgmni Cae®cnI bnu\" aµ neT qg¬ tamry:®sku Exrµ . BkY eKcSVc®' tvU EtrBgw tam®ck®sku lav . eTaHbkI g¨~ Gnsu ßarN:´n®ksgY esbuI karsma© tG' aemrki Sgf@µI enH sG†I BM I «kare®CotclU ngi karpl† 'PsP¨† arenAevotNamxagt∫gË » cHu ´fT© 2I 8tlu a1965, Cakarsma© tB' GuM acEckpßaydlb' reTske* day kB* GuM acbJaÇ k[' c∫asG' BM TI hM ´M nes∫øg EdlVnqg¬ kat®' sku Exrµ enaHeLyI eday®KanE' tnyi ayfamancnM nY tcU mni elsI BmI YyetaneTABrI etanCaerogral´' fb© eu\" Naˆ H . tamBti eTA BkY kmu y¨µ nsi B† ti CaGacbegn˚I ThM eM lsI GBM eI nHsaµ nmni dl' . ®KanE' ttamvFi sI ma© tE' tmxu Kt' eKGacdkw CJnËÇ es∫øgkgTB& CamF¥mcnM nY 12etan srM abt' ®mvU kar®bcS´f´© nBkY kgTB& eyokkgu -eyokNamxageCgI enA®sku ynY xagt∫gË . erOgenHva®tvU EtKaµnmnlÊi sgßy& esaHeLyI fakBM gE' p®kgu ®BHshI nGu acbeJjç nvU ThM bM -u\"eNHˆ edayKaµ nnrNarkdgw . ebeI s∫øgcnM nY 12etan GacTma¬ kc' Hu enA®kgu

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 15®BHshI nu ngi enAtamcNM cu Naepßgtame®Caysm®u TVn, BkY kmu y¨µ nsi B† itCaGacdkw CJnËÇ es∫øgenaHclU mk®sku ynY xagt∫gË edayKaµ nmnlÊi sgß&yesaHeLyI . ya\" gtci bpM tu , BkY kmu y¨µ nsi k† G* acdkw CJnËÇ es∫øgya\" gsma©tq' g¬ kat®' sku Exrµ ®Kb®' Kanl' mµ srM abb' Âgb e' TAelcI nM nY es∫øg EdlBkY eKdwkclU mktamsm®u TEdr . 4- eb®I sku Exrµ pl† n' vU sh®btbi ty†i a\" gchM edaykarpl† n' vU es∫øgdm* anThM yM a\" gFdM lB' kY eyokkgu KmW anEtclU tamkBM gE' p®kgu ®BHshI nu . ry:kalqS~ 1964, kBM gE' penHGacTTlY TnM ji cnM nY 800,000etan EdlenAkg¨~enaH220,000etan CaTnM ji nSclU . e®kam®btbi tk†i arFmtµ a, kBM gE' pGacTTYlTnM ji nSclU bEnmƒ ya\" gehacNask' 4* 50,000etanEfmeTotkg¨~ 1qS~ @ …CamF¥mcnM nY ®bEhl1,200etankg¨~ 1´f© . e®kABkI BM gE' p®kgu ®BHshI ndu s* Mxane' nH, Exrµ mankBM gE' ptcU @beI Tot EdlPaKe®cnI e®b®I Vss' rM abk' arensaTngi skmPµ aBTB& eCgI Tkw . karTma¬ kT' nM ji tamkBM gE' pTSgenH VnEttci tcYetanbeu\" Naˆ H kb* Eu\" ne† KGacdkw CJnËÇ tamkVl\" t' cU @kV* nEdr . Epk~ EdlsMxanC' ageKenaH KkW ardkw enAtampvˬ eKak . enA®sku Exrµ ebtI amkarVn\" s' aµ n manLankamg¨∆\" cnM nY ®bEhl10,000e®KOg EdlGaceFk√I ardkw CJnËÇ Vnya\" ggay . pvˬ rfePg¬I B®I kgu ®BHshI neu TAkanT' ®I kgu PeM~ Bj kBM gu saƒ bna®bEhl®VqM S~ mkehyI Etsaı nmyY cnM nY FM ehyI ngi kardakp' vˬ EdkcnM nY ®bEvg160´ml\" e_ naH mni TanV' ncbs' B®√ Kbe' nAeLyI eT . 5- pvˬ fl~ e' cjB®I kgu ®BHshI nu GacmanlTPÏ aBCagkBM gE' penaHeTAeTot ehyI Gacdkw CJnËÇ es∫øgeyaFarhtU dle' TA1,200etanVnya\" ggay®slY eTAkan®' sku ynY xagt∫gË . pvˬ sxM anE' dleKe®b®I Vs' KpW vˬ Catei lx4man®bEvg145´ml\" _ B®I kgu ®BHshI neu TAkanT' ®I kgu PeM~ Bj Capvˬ mti P† aBExrµ -Gaemrki Sg . pvˬ enHGacdkw Vn8,150etankg¨~ myY ´fe© nArdvU ®VgM ngi dkw Vn7,350etanenAExvsßa . ecjBTI ®I kgu PeM~ BjeTAkan®' BEM dn KpW vˬ Catei lx1EdllatsngwÏ eTATsi xagektI eqaı HeTAkan®' BEM dnTsi xagt∫gË eqogxagekIt´next´† tnji . pvˬ enHGacdkw Vn4,200etankg¨~ myY ´fe© nAEx®VgM ngi dkwVn1,800etankg¨~ myY ´fe© nArdvU vsßa . clnaTnM ji 1,200etanerogral´' f©B®I kgu ®BHshI neu TAkan®' BEM dntampvˬ enH t®mvU e®b®I VsL' ankamg¨∆\" cnM nY BI1,500eTA2,000e®KOg (edaysntµ f' aLankamg¨∆\" nmi yY @Gacdkw Vn3˘5etan) . eKkm* anpbˬ BrI eTotpgEdr ecjBTI si xageCgI clU eTA®kgu PeM~ Bj rcY t

kmC¨ı a ngi eyokkgu 16PaÇ bC' amyY pvˬ Catei lx7 EdlGaceTA®BEM dnTsi xageCgI ext´† tnji . pvˬ enHmanlTPÏ aBTabCagpvˬ Catei lx1 CaBei ssenArdvU vsßa ehyI cma© yeTA®BMEdnkq* a© yeTot . B®I kgu PeM~ Bj manpvˬ BrI xb¬I nc†i EdlGaceTAdl®' BEM dnext†eKogya\" gngi extc† vU dku . ya\" gehacNas' ke* KeXjI manTnM ji cnM nY 1,200etanCaerogral´' f© Vndkw qg¬ katt' ampvˬ TSgBrI enHrabq' S~ mkehyI .⁄ - cb' -