ពុទ្ធសាសនាដូចម្ដេច- How about Budhhisim?

eroberogeday ¨BHvéryi bNiëeta Vg” -xat’ vt¶ÓNöaelam PeM~ BjBùsù 2514 Kùsù 1970

rbs’G~kvayGk§rkumB´èT&r esovePA \BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?| Cas~a¨BHhs¶rbs’¨BHetCKuN¨BHmhav^ryi bNiëeta V”g-xat’ EdlelakVnsresrkalBqI ~S1970 . esovePA \BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?| VneVHBumõp§ayeday elak Dik-Kam nigPriya cMnnY 500kºal nigeragBumõ vt¶PM~ cMnYn500kºalEdr edImºIEckCaFmμTan CUnsaFarNCn k¬~g{kasbuN´¨BHbrmsB¨BHsgôraCKN:mhanikay CYn-NatEdl¨Tg’esayTIvgðtkalBI«f©TI25 kJïa 1969 . Vnn&yfa esovePA\BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?|enH VneVHBumõp§ayEt1000kºalbu”eNöaH eXIjfakarp§BÃp§ayVntictYcNas’ . edayxƬMmanesovePA \BuTìsasnadUcem¶c?| mYykºalEdlcas’ Tk’ rEhkxÂHEtGacenAGanVn ehIyedayyl’eXIjfa esoePAenHmanGtnÄ &y GtÄrs¨Cale¨CAnigmansar:¨beyaCn_xõg’xõs’sMrab’kUnExμrCMnan’e¨kayk~¬gkarcg’ecHcg’dwgGMBI¨BHBuTìsasna x¬MÆk*vayGk§rkumB´èT&reLIgv^j edayrk§aPaBedImrbs’G~kniBnì edImºIEckCUnsaFarNCnExμrVnGanpg . xM¬ÆsUmÓTisæ kuslenH ¨beKn¨BHv^JïNkÅnì ¨BHetCKuN¨BHvr^ iybNiëeta V”g-xat’ EdlCamÍas’esovePA nigCa¨BHsgôKMrU CaTIeKarB«nx¬MÆ , sem¶c¨BHsgôraCKN:mhanikay CYn-Nat eCatJïaeNa, ¨BH¨KUFmμeXasacar´ esk-nag nig¨BH¨KU eTB-pUt ehApun EdlTSg2¨BHGgCð a¨KUbe¨gonrbs’x¬ÆM Ep~k¨BHBuTìsasna .¨BmTSgÓTiæsCUn bBu ÃkarICnTSgLay manmatabitarbs’xƬM smU elakG~kd*manKuNTSgLayenaH Vnse¨mck¬~g suKtiPBkbuM IeX¿gXÂateLIy .«f©TI 21 ÓsPa 2009sM-v^CØa

nema ts§ PKveta Grheta smμasm¬uõTsì § G~kemKit (Grands Penseurs) TSgGs’ VneFÃIkarBiesaFn_BIlTisì asna BiesaFehIy eBalGHGagfaman \GaTei TB| (Dieu) CamehsUr \mhaeTBCakMBUl| ɨbCabti \mÍas’sBsà tÃ| . KMnitEbbenH manenAk¬~gKmõIrlTiìsasna manKmõIrevT(ÓbnibT) nigesovePACas~a«delakVÂtgu (Platon) Garis¶tè (Aristote) CaedIm . enAk~¬gesovePA sSgtUm”asdakSg (Saint Thomas D’Aquin) manesckI¶fa \VnBiesaFeXIjfamanGaTieTBehIy| Edr . Ts§nv^TU dUcelak kg’ (Kant) beJÍj¨Tsw ¶Ifa \CMenOEdleCOsßb’famanGaTIeTBEtgEtmanekItenAk~¬gsn¶ancit¶mnus§TUeTA| . elak eheKl (Hegel) s¶ITukfa\KMnitEdleCOfamanGaTieTBenH ekItmaneLIg k*ekItedaysarEtmanv^CØaEdlCarbs’mnus§enHeLIg| . rIelak mhatμKnìi elakcUlcit¶man¨bsasn_fa \scFÍ máCaGaTei TB| Et \GaTei TBBEuM mnCascÍFmeá T| (Truth is god and not is truth) . dUec~H lTsiì asnaTSgGs’ É Bahirsasna (Religions) CaemnSGaTieFÃI[manCMenOfaman \GaTei TB| ehIyGaTieTBenH minKWGÃId«TeTKW \scFÍ má| enHäg (God is truth)eBalKW GaTieTBenHCa \Pav:«nscÍFmá = st´sÃrUb| . esck¶IenH ebIniyay[gayyl’ eyIgKYrniyayfa \G~kemKitTSgGs’ VnKnK’ itrkfaGIÃCaesck¶IBit = scÍFmá|rkeTAeXjI tamKMnitrbs’xÂçn ehIybJïtn¶ amtamPasarbs’xnç ebICahNi ëèfa eTv:\eTBta| ebICaG~kbsÍimfa Dieu |GaTieTB| ebICacinfa et±A \sPavFmá| tmk k~g¬ kalCaxage¨kay namTSgenH ekItVnCabJtï ¶sBæ (Concept) Cabk’ ¬~gsn¶ancit¶ ehIymanCMenO²tehtupl (Foi, croyance) enAekIteLIg eTIb¨bkan’ykTidi½ (Dogme) rbs’xÂçn . ¨BHeysUߨKis¶ (Jesus Christ) sEm¶gTukfa \scÍFmámanenAk~¬gxçÂneyIg ehyI eFÃI[xçÂneyIgmanesrIPaB| . äBak´Edl¨BHeysUßeTsnaTukfa \crU es~hacMeBaH¨BHGa-TieTB[Gs’BIcit¶| enaH Vnesck¶Ifa \cUres~ha¨BHGaTieTBeday¨VCÆaCaFmásMxan’EdlmanenAk~¬gxçÂnmnus§elak| . esckI¶Bit edImeLIy KmIõròeKÃTVnbJØakf’ a FmμCati KW Twk-dI-ePÂIg-x´l’ CavtĬFatuedIm EdlCnhNi èëyl’fa j¬SgCIv^txÂçn[rs’enAVn eTbI eKnamfaCa \eTv: =eTvta| mni KWGIÃd«TeT . tmk k~¬gkalCaxage¨kay Gs’kalyUre¨cInstvt§r_ eTIbBak´fa \eTv:| enHäg rIksayn&y ehIyekItVneTACa \mehsUr É ¨bCabti|(Dieu)eTAtamsPavKtiCaFmμtamnus§elak . sBëfÃenH Bak´fa \eTv:| Edl¨Kan’EtCatYbuKðlaFid½an ÉCabJtï ¶sBæ(Concept) enH ekItCaÓbkûiels eFIÃ[esAhμg cak’òsKl’Cab’síitk¬g~ sn¶ancti ¶mnus§stÃTYeTA k*bbYlK~a ÉbgÅM[yl’faCa \scÍFm|á eBalKW\GaTieTB| Bit¨Vkd ehIycgCa¨TwsI¶Tukfa \maneTBta| EdlTs§nv^TUTYeTAe¨bIBak´

fa PaBmanGtÄiPaB (Entité) «neTBta . äBak´Edlfa \eTv:| Ca \scÍFmá| ÉCa \äksTGFiÃtIym| manscÍEtmYy minmanBIr (Unique) enHeTot k*Ca¨Tws¶Irbs’mnus§EdleCOfa \maneTBta| CaBak´vayesck¶I[eXIjfa \manBit| ¨besIrv^ess ehIyeKTku Ca \scÍFmá| . scÍFmáenH ebICamanBitEmn k*CasmμtscÍ \scÍedaysnμt| BMuEmnCaGriyscÍ \scͨbesIrBit|enaHeT . ¨BHsmõ¬TìsmNeKatm ¨Tg’BMuEmnCa \GaTieTB| (God Dieu) dUcCaman¨TwsI¶«nlTiìsasna ÉBahirsasna VnbJït¶TukmkenaHeT . ¨BHGgðCa \mnus§| mnus§rksPavFmáBti eXIjtamBit ehyI ¨Tg’VnCa \G~kyfaPUt| (Objectif) ¨Tg’eXIjtamBtifa \karektI = Cat|i enHCaTukÅ eBalKW \ebImanekIt = Cat|i enHehIy FmTá SgLayEdlCabcy&Í KWCra B´aFi mrN: k*EtgEtekItmaneLgI CaFmμta . ¨Tg’eXjI sPavFmáBitfa \elakenHCaTukÅ| dUecH~ ehIy eTIb¨Tg’sÃHEsÃgrkpèÂv¨btibti¶ \bdibTa| Casni¶vrbT \sn¶iPaBsÄaBr| ehAfa mCÎimabdibTa KWpèÂvkNa¶ l pèÂv¨tg’ CapÂèvEdlGacedaHelak KWTuk«Å nmnus§CatienH VnGs’eCIg minKYrmansnæiHsg§&yeLIy . etI¨BHsm¬õTìenH KGW gðelakNa? ¨bmaNCa623q~S mnu ¨Kiss¶ kraC kalenaH mansk´raCmYy¨BHGgð ekIteLIgk~¬grd½enVl” EdndI¨beTs²Nëa mannam¨Vkdfa eKatm sTi ìtrÄ aCkmu ar . ¨BHCnμa-yu16vs§a ¨Tg’erobcMmgðlaPieskCamYy¨BHnagBmi õayesaFra EdlCaxt¶iyaNI¨BHjatid*C^t . Gs’kML¬g 13vs§a e¨kay¨VVP¶ iesk ¨Tg’esayk¶IsuxCaxtyi¶ suxumalCati .¨Tg’¨bfab’enAk¬~g«pæ¨BHbrmraCvSg bribUNáedaypasuk¨Kb’¨bkar man¨VsaT3x~gsMrab’rdUvkalTSg3 mYyGenÂIeday¨sIs~M¨kmkar¨swgðar e¨cogrS ¨bKM edj dM tUr´tånI¶kMsan¶¨BHraChòT&y²tmanemaHhμgGIÃeLyI sUmºIEte¨KOg¨Tg’¨BHBåsP¶ Usa k*suTìswgEtekaesy´Bås¶EdnkasI ¨Tg’BMuEdlVnnwknadl’TukÅevTna k¬~gCIvPaB¨bCaCn¨BHGgð Edlrs’enAe¨kATÃar¨BHbrmraCvSgeLIy . luHkalevlamkdl’ eTIbscÍFmáekItmaneLIgenAk~¬g¨BHT&y¨BHGgð . ¨BHCnμay2u 9vs§a ¨BHsiTìtÄraCkumar es¶cecj¨bBat¨ksalkMsan¶¨BHT&yxage¨kA¨BHbrmraCvSg ¨Tg’Vn¨Cabesck¶IBit eBalKWkarTl’TukÅevTna¨Kb’¨bkarTSgGs’ EdlelakehAfa \eTvTUt = TUteTBta| eBalKWesckW¶Bit«nsPavFmáTSgLay.eTskalenaHäg ¨BHraCbu¨t KWrahulkumar¨bsUtEfmeTot . ¨BHT&y¨BHGgðs¬trnìt’dUc¨tUvrnæHVj’TSg¨VMbITis. FmáTSgenHehIy CaeTvTUtmkK¨mam¨BHGgð ¨Tg’snb ’mYysnæ¬H P©ar¨BHGgðeLIg ¨Tg’dkdegIúmEvg . lan’¨BH{sxÂSg@fa \Ga±! rahUcab’Gatμa

GjehIyetI!| . Fmámanbu”eNöHCaedIm Edl¨TgT’ ukCaGnæakc’ g¨BHGgð e¨BaHfaFmáTSgGs’enHehIy sTu ìEtCaFmánS[man \karekIteTot = bunB¸eva| . eday¨Tg’yl’cºas’fa \enHCaTukÅsklelak| eTIb¨Tgm’ an¨BHT&yecjsÃHEsÃgrk{sfsBÃKuN(Panacea) edImºIrk§aCmW©sklmnus§elak . kalenaH ¨BHGgðeVHbg’raCsmºt¶iecal ²t¨seNaH kan’ykePTCatabssn´asin ¨tac’rgðat’edIrsÃHEsÃgrkscÍFmá . ¨TgV’ n¨V¨s&yCamYyngw tabse¨cInnak’ EdlsuTìEtCaG~kTTYlsðal’faCa \brm¨KU| bEu” n¶BuMmantabsNa sUmºIEtm~ak’EdlmanPUmikarsik§abribUNá lμmnwgfÃayv^s§CØnaedaHGafá¨bs~a eFÃI¨BHGgð[eBj¨BHT&yVneLIy e¨BaHtabsTSgenaH ¨Kan’Etmannamfa \Ts§nv^TU\ b”ueNöaH ehIyCaG~kminmanbJïack¬Å dUcmnus§xÃak’dwk«dmnus§xÃak’ lickb’Vt’enAk¬~gGvC^ Øa dUcsuPasitburaNExμrfa \dMrxI Ãak’ ¨Tmak’qûçt| ehIyGEN¶teTAtamEx§Twk eBalKWvalEvgvd¶sg§ar . k¬~gkarEsgà rkscÍFmá ¨Tg’saklºgrk¨Kb’v^FI EdleKyl’faCapÂèvnSeTAkan’karrYccakTukÅ (emak§Fmá) . ¨Tg’¨b¨Bwt¶¨BhμcriyFmátamEbb¨BahμN_ KW¨b¨Bwt¶eyaK:\v^FITUnμancit¶| ¨b¨Bwte¶ yaK:ehIy ¨Tg’eXIjfaBuMEmnCapÂèv¨tg’eTAkan’TbI MputTukÅ ¨Tg’¨b¨Bwt¶tbFmá \v^FITUnaμ nkay|eTot EdleygI ¨Kb’K~adgw fa Tukûrkiriya \kareFIÃVnedayk¨m«¨kElg| . ¨BHGgð¨b¨Bwtt¶ amvt¶¨btbi ti¶sasna¨BaN_TSgGs’ EdleKyl’faCav^FI¨besIrk~¬gkalenaH ¨Tg’¨b¨Bwt¶lagVbmYyEbbehIymYyEbbeTot GSgePgÂIdutkMedAVb mYyehIymYyeTot Tal’Et¨BHvrkaysðSgsðmrgI sç©tenAEtEsºkdN¶b’qwíg emIleTAeXIjEte¨Kagqíwgcågðwg eFÃImÂgw ehIy enAEtminVnse¨mctamBuTìbMNgeTot . v^FI¨BhμcriyFmáEbbenHehIyBn´l’¨BHGgðfa enHBEMu mnCav^FIeT enHBuMEmnCaGPismy& rbs’¨BHGgðeT k*¨BHGgðeVHbg’ecalTSgGs’eTA ehIytSg¨BHT&yEsÃgrkedayTMenIg¨BHGgðv^j ¨Tg’ecosvagpèÂvcug2¨bkar KWkarBMenOyxçÂn²tGMeBI (Gt¶klimfanueyaK) nigkar¨cbUk¨cbl’edaykam (kamsuxliÂkanueyaK) dac¨’ sLH . karEsÃgrkscÍFmá«n¨BHGgðenH ¨bkbedayv^ryi PaBxÂSgkÂabMput hsY kmÂSgmnus§FmμtaEdlnwgGaceFIÃVn ehIy¨tUve¨bIevla¨VmM Yyvs§aeTot . TbI Mput ¨Tg’eXIjfa pÂèvEdl¨Tg’¨btibti¶tamlTiì¨BahNμ _enH Bn´WtevlanSmin[luHeBaFijaN ehyI pèÂvEdl¨Tg’rkeXIjtamTMenIg¨BHGgðenH eF[ÃI ¨BHGgðPÆak’r®kekItbJïajaNVn . pÂèvféμEdl¨Tgr’ keXIj CapÂèvkN¶al ehAfa mCÎimabdibTa CapÂève¨bIkarVn ¨tg’eTArkeBaFijaN ehIyVnCamaKaá¨tgmYyk~g¬ BuTìsasnas¨mabs’ klelak . ¨Bwk«f©C&ymgðlmYy naeBjbuNömIExBsi ax ¨Tg’¨bfab’e¨kameBaFimNël ²tmanGanuPaBeTBtaNamYymkCYyENnS¨BHGgðeT manEtvériynigbJïajaNrbs’¨BHGgðb”ueNöaH ¨Tg’kMcat’bg’nUvkielsasv: ¨BmTSgemahnkì ardac’xat ehIy¨Tg’

lHu smμasemõaFiJïaN \¨tas’dwgFm|á Vnse¨mcPaBCa \BuTì = G~k¨tasd’ gw | k~¬gCnμayu 35 vs§a enAÓruevl¨beTs (BTu Kì ya) EdnmKF: (rdB½ ihar) . Vn¨tas’dwgFmáehIy ¨Tg’ÓTiæs¨BHvrkay ¨BHvrCnμCéB mant«m²Â tGIÃe¨bobpæ·mVn edmI ºIsklelak edayBuTìcriyaCaK¨mU nigedayFmvμ ^n&yCadMbUnμan BuMmanmnus§ ÉeTBtaäNamYy¨besIr¨twmesIμngw ¨BHGgðVneLIy . ¨BHGgð¨Tgb’ MeBjkicÍkarral’Tivara¨tI ehAfaBTu kì icÍ |kci ÍEdl¨BHBuTì¨tUveFIÃral’Tivara¨tI| man5eBlKW Ð 1- eBl¨Bwk ¨Tg’biNëVt; 2- eBlresol ¨Tg’¨bTanFmμeTsnae¨VsstÃ; 3- eBlBn¨’ Blb’ ¨Tg’¨bTan{vaTPik¬Åsgô; 4- eBlG¨Fa¨t ¨Tg’v^sCØnaGafá¨bs~a EdleTBtamk¨kabTUlsYr; 5- bcèÍssm&y ¨Tg’¨bemIlemIlÓbnis§&ystà Edl¨Tg’¨tUve¨Vs . KiteTA k¬~g24em”ag ¨Tg’minpMælk’dUcmnus§FmμtaeT ¨Tg¨’ b¨Bwty¶ a” genHCanic-Íkal Gsr’ y:evla45vs§a rhUtdl’niBÃan ¨Kan’Ets¨mak¨BHkaymyY ¨sbk’ latt¨mg’¨BHbdi i½elIsgôadI Edl¨BHGanæetÄrEtgEt¨kalfÃay . k¬~gelakenH etImanmnus§ ÉeTBtaNa eFIÃkaredImºsI klelak minecHQb’y”agenH k~¬gmYyCIv^t dUc¨BHsmõ¬TìEdrÉeT ? eday¨Tg’Camnus§Cati ¨Tg’eFÃIkarxÂSgeBk ¨tUvEt¨KS¨Ka¨BHvrkay¨tUvEteTAtamFmáGnicÍM \BuMefrenAnit´| ehIybrni Bi Ãankg~¬ ¨BHCnaμ yu 80 ¨BHvs§a . esck¶IxÂIenH bJØak’¨Kb’¨Kan’fa \ ¨BHsm¬õTìCamnsu § | ¨Tg’esay¨BHCatiCamnus§ man¨BHCéBCnμCamnus§ eday¨TgC’ amnus§ man¨BHCéBCnμ ¨Tg’¨tUvEtGs’¨BHCnμdUcmnsu §Fmμta . EbÂkEt¨BHGgðCaGcrÏ yi mnus§ = mnus§GsÍar´ Edlskl-elakBuMEdlman . enHCacMNucFMbMput enAk~¬gskÅIPaBcMeBaHGgð¨BHsmõ¬Tì BMumancenÂaH¨tg’NamYy EdlKrY [P&n¶¨cLMÉTMng[yl’fa \¨BHGgðCaGmreTBta minecHsÂab’|enaHeLIy . dUec~H BKMu Yrcat’Tuk Ggð¨BHsmT¬õ ìCa \GaTieTB| eT ÉnwgTukGgð¨BHsmõ¬TìCaGvta (Incarnation) ¨BHv^s¬ö dUcGk~ pgFÂab’EteCOmkenaHk*eTEdr Ék*nwgTuk¨BHGgðfaCa¨tata \Gk~ CYylagVb| (Saviour) EdlCYylagVbG~kd«T[rYccakP&yedayPki¶-maKáa (Salvation) rbs¨’ BHGgð k*BuEM mneTot . esck¶IBit ¨BHsm¬Tõ Cì asasa¶ car´ bN¶¬HkmÂSgcits¶ avk¨BHGgð[ecHTIBgw xçÂnäg edImºIrYccakxçÂnäg beJÍH[yl’Bitfa kI¶br-isuTiì nigminbrisuTiì e¨scehIyEtbuKðlm~ak’@eT . k¬~gFmμbT ¨BHsmõ¬T¨ì Tg’¨tas’TUnμanfa \G~kTSgLay¨tUveFIkà ar[Vnse¨mcedayxÂnç äg tfaKt¨KanE’ tCaG~k¨Vb’pvÂè = tuemhú i kicÍmatbºM GkÅataera tfaKta| . dUec~H ¨BHsmõ¬TCì aG~kcglí¬ ¨Vb’pèÂvbe¨gon[ecHedIrxÂçnäg Tuk[eyIg¨Kb’K~aeFÃIxÂçnäg eBalKW¨btibt¶itammaKáad*¨tg’enaHedImºIVnkbI¶ risuTiìxÂçnäg . niyayxI \TIBgw G~kd«T edImºIrYccakP&yxçÂnäg CaGv^CØman

(Negative) BMuEmnCav^FIeT, TIBwgxÂnç ägedImºIrcY cakP&yxÂçnäg eTIbCav^CØman (Positive)eTIbCav^FI| eBalKWTIBgw G~kd«T Vnesck¶Ifa \eyIg¨BmTTYlcaj’vériyPaBbuKðld«T|Bit¨Vkd²tCECkVneLIy. BuTìvcn:EdlbN¬¶HkmÂSgcit¶savkTSgLay[ecHTBI wgxÂçnäg ¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’¨tas’TukenAk¬~gmhabriniBÃansU¨tfa Ð \Pik¬ÅTSgLay! G~kTSgLay crU ykxnç CaekaHBwgxçn äg, crU ykxnç CaTBI wg cUrkuMykG~kd«TmkeFIÃCaTIBgw xnçÂeLyI = PikÅev Gt¶TIV vihrf Gt¶srN GnJïsrN | . edayv^ess ¨BHsmõ¬Tì minmanBuTìbMNgnwgkan’kab’kicÍkarEbbCa äkaFibety´(Monopoly) [se¨mcBuTìPaBdac’muxEtmYy¨BHGgðeT esckI¶Bit BuTìPaBenH BMuEmnCabuBÃsiTiì (Prerogative) s¨mab’buKlð v^essNamYyeT ¨Tg’VneLIgzan:xgõ ’xõs’¨besIry”agenH edayVrmFI má (State of Perfection) EdlbuKðlNamYy¨Vf~acg’Vn k*Gacse¨mcdUcK~aEdr BuMEmnCakarbiTTÃar«nsas¶acar´NamYyfa ebnI wgVn luH¨taEtVnTTYleTv{gûar ehIyeTIbse¨mcVnenaHeT . BuTìvcn:Edlman¨Vkdk¬~g¨BH«¨tbidksI¶Tukfa CnNam~ak’ k*GacluHPaBCa¨BHBuTìVndUc@K~a [EtG~kenaH ¨btibti¶¨twm¨tUveTAtamKng VrmIFmá EdlCamaKaáedIr¨tg’eTAkan’ eBaFiJïaN . ¨BHsm¬õTì BMuecHdak’eTasbuKlð Nam~ak’ edayBuTìdIkafa \G~k¨tvU maneTas| dUecH~ eT pæ¬yeTAv^j ¨Tg’EtgEt¨BHemt¶ae¨VseTsnaTUnμanedayBuTìdIkafa Ð \Pki ŬTSgLay! cit¶CaFmμCatbi rsi uTìprU pg’BkI MeNtI Etcite¶ nH kalNaebImanÓbkeiû lsfcμé lU eTA eTIbesAhgμ =bPs§rbiTM PikÅev cit¶M tJÍ exa cit¶M GaPn¶¬ekhi Óbkûieleshi Óbkiûlid½M | . tamBuTìvcn:enH BiPBelakeygI enH BMuEmnCaGa¨kk’eT bu”En¶stÃTSgLay EtgEtvegÃgedayGMNacGv^CØa EdlCaFmáswks¨tUvFMbMputrbs’stÃTSgLay . ¨Tg’EtgEtmanemt¶ae¨Vs¨bTan{vaT dl’savk¨BHGgð kuM[mancit¶rYjra eFÃIsavk¨BHGgð [dkdegIúm¨slY [rIkray [Gachßan [kÂahan [Tukcit¶xÂçnäg ehIy[e¨bIvériyPaBxçÂnäg[muHmtu edImºIVneXIjFmádUc¨BHGgð . BiesseTAeTot eday¨BHGgðmanPaBCamnus§ ehyI e¨bIvériyPaBxÂSgkÂa[Vnse¨mcPaBCa \BTu |ì ¨Tg’¨bkas¨Vb’elakTSgmUl[yl’cºas’tamBitfa \mnus§elakmanPaBGacVn| (Possibilities) nig \GanuPaBGaceF[ÃI se¨mcVn| (CreativePower) kb’enAk¬~gxÂçnmnus§ . FmáCaGafákVM MgTSgenHehIy TukCaGaTieTBmanGMNacelImnus§ luH¨taEtGaTieTBenH¨bTan eTbI mnus§elaKGacse¨mc¨beyaCn_xçÂnägVn . ¨BHsm¬õTì ¨Tgc’ ab’elIkykFmáGafákMVMgKW \PaBGacVn| nig \GanPu aBGaceFIÃG[Ià se¨mcVn\ TSgBIr¨bkarenH TukCaFmámant«m¨besIrbMputmkbgúaj mk¨bTandl’mnus§elak ¨BmTSgeTvelak [eXIjcºas’ [yl’¨beyaCn_Bit . esck¶IBitmnus§elak CaEkvmNIeCatixnç ägd*v^ess s¨mab’bk’eVyyk¨beyaCn_¨Kb’y”agenAnaelakenHnigbrelak . vasnaxçÂn zt^ enAkb’kg¬~ xÂçnmnus§ z^tenAk~g¬ kN¶ab’«d

mnus§ . ¨Tg’eTsnaBn´l’fa \mnus§GacTTlY niy´anikFmáedayvériyPaBxnÂç ägminVc’BwgBak’GaTieTB ÉG~kGaCÆakN¶alNamYyeT\ . Gatμ&n = ¨BlwgkN¶al(Egocentric) «nBiPBelakenH minKwGIÃd«TeT KWÓt¶mKtid*¨besIrEdls¶Ifa << minmanxçÂnäg = Gnt¶a >> enHäg . mni manvNö: cat’f~ak’mnus§elak[TabxõsB’ IkMeNIteTmnus§CatimanPaBesμIK~a mankalKYr¨tUvVnse¨mcdUcK~a enAk~¬gdMeNIr«nCIv^tmnsu §¨Kb’K~a . ¨BHsm¬õTìCaG~kebIkTÃar[mnus§elakVnse¨mcpl cMrugcMerIn fÃétºitEtmankarekIt = CatienH CakMEBgrarSg . ¨Tg’ebIkesrIPaBeBjbribUNá¨bTandl’stÃelakk¬~gkarKit kareFIà karniyay bMebIkEP~kstÃelak [emIleXIjGÃI@ eXIjBittamBitCayfaPUtTs§njaN (Objectism) ¨Tgs’ Em¶gFmáe¨VsstÃEdlmankar¨Bat’¨Vs[mancit¶rwgbuwg [mancit¶ek§mk§an¶edayBuTìPasti KYr[mank¶Ikk’ek¶A . ¨Tg’Ca¨KUeBT´B´aVleraKcit¶ EdleKrk§aVneday¨k G~kmanCm©W[ecHbn§at’bg’ [dkdegImú¨sYlFUr¨TgU . ¨Tg’CyY G~k¨kI¨keday¨BHt¨mas’[ecHGbºmaTFmá \Fmámin¨bmaT| .¨Tg’TUnμanG~keFÃIGMeBIGa¨kk’ [ecHeFIÃGMeBIlí [ecHeFÃIxÂçn[brisuTì . ¨Tg’eTsnae¨VsG~k¨cGUs[mank¶IkÂahan, G~kbMEbkbMVk’K~a[mansamKIð, G~kl©g’exÂA[ecHdwgGIÃEdlmanGafákVM Mg[manBnÂW, G~kTabefak[xgõ ’xõs’, G~kmin¨besIr[Vn¨besIr . G~kmannigG~k¨k sbº¬rs Gsbº¬rs eBjcit¶¨BHGgð¨Kb’@K~a . ¨BHraCasgûts’ giûnra¨s¶,¨BHraCaTsBiFraCFmá, k§¨txõg’xõs’, k§¨tTabefak, vrCn, mhaesd½Icit¶sbº¬rs,mhaesdI½kMNaj’, G~k¨VCÆCan’xõs’, G~k¨VCÆCan’Tab, G~kTurKtetaky”ak, G~keVsf~l’Edl¨tUveKebotebon, eBCÎXat, nKresaPinI TSgGs’K~aenH suTìEt¨tUvVnTTYlsðal’BuTìvcn: EdlCaFmánS[ektI bJïa nignS[ekIt¨Bhμv^harFmá . criyad*¨besIrrbs’¨BHBuTì Ca¨bPBd*v^esss¨mab’mnus§¨Kb’K~a bk’eVyykmkeFIÃCat¨mab’xÂçn eFIÃKMrUKti¨bcSCIv^txÂçnVn . emt¶aKuN kruNaKuN bJïaKuN rbs’¨BHsmõ¬Tì KYrCaTI¨CHfÂa KYrCaTIeKarBbUCa KYrCaTIeBcBilrmilemIl«nBYkCnG~kmansTìaTSgLay . BuTìvcn: Ca¨bPBnS[ekItsn¶iPaB CaFmásniv¶ rbT KYrVnTTYlsÃa-Kmn_BImCÎd½anTUeTA edaykI¶rIkray«¨kElg ehIyCaFmá[plCanicÍnirn¶ dl’CnTSgLayEdlmanvasnaVns¶ab’ Vn¨btibt¶itamFmá¨BHGgð. FmáEdl¨BHGgðVnsEm¶gehIyeday¨b«BenH Vnp§BÃp§ayTUeTAeBjsklelak ehyI dk’Cab’enAk¬~gsn¶ancit¶ ekItVnCaFmμcryi a ÉCaGriyFmá«n¨bCaCnk¬~gsklelak . kareCOnelOnxagvbºFmá«n¨beTskan’BuTìsasna suTìEtVnmkedayGa¨s&yBuTìvcn:d*¨besIrenHäg . BuTìsasnaenH sUmºIekItmaneLIgk~g¬ elak Gs’¨bmaNCa 2513 q~SehIy EtbuKðliklkÅN:Ggð¨BHsmõ¬Tì ngi ¨BHFmá¨BHGgð enAEtman²TìiBld*xÂSgkÂaeTAelIBYkCnEdlVnTTYle¨kbpwkrs¨BHFmá«fÂv^essenHdrab . ***

BuTìsasna CalTsìi asna = Religion (Bahirsasna?) BuTìsasna nwgehAfalTìisasna ÉBahirsasna (Religion) tamGtÄn&y«nBak´dUcG~kpgFÂab’yl’mkenaHk*eT e¨BaHBuTìsasnaminEmnCa¨bB&nì (Systeme) «nCMenO²tehtupl (Croyance) nigkarbUCa (Culte) enaHeLIy . BuTìsasnamin¨Bm¨bedABuTìsasnikCn[manCMenO²tehtuplTal’EtesaH .CMenO²tehtuplenH BuMmanenAk~¬gBuTìsasnaeLIy . BuTìsasnikCn e¨bICMenOEdr EtCaCMenOmYyEbbKW CMenOehtupl CMenOCaTITukcit¶ (Confidence) ehyI man¨VCÆa¨bkbpg EdlenAk~¬gPasaVlI elakehAfa sTaì \CMenOehtupl¨bkbedaybJaï | . CMenO²tehtuplKCW MenOeCOGaTieTBfa \GaTieTBTTYlVbxçÂn [xÂçnbrisuTì ehIynS[eTAektI zansYKá| . CMenOEbbenH BuMEmnCa \sTìa| dUck~¬gBuTìsasnaeT . CMenO\sTìa| EdlBuTìsasna¨bedA[e¨bI cMeBaHGgð¨BHsm¬õTì ¨BHFmá ¨BHsgô manlkNÅ :¨CHfÂacMeBaHKuNFmá ehIymanlkÅN:hßanBuHBaredIreTAtam KWmanTnM gdUcG~kQWeCOTukcit¶elak¨KUeBT´faGacCyY rk§aCm©WxçÂn[CasHesºIyVn ehIyhßankan’tamBak´TUnμanelak¨KUeBT´ ÉdUcCasis§eCOelak¨KUfa¨KUVGacar´rbs’xçÂn CaG~kbe¨gonxçÂn[ecHcMeNHv^CØaVn ehIyhßan¨btibt¶itam{vaTrbs’¨KU edayyl’cºas’fa ¨KUbe¨gonxÂçn[ecHrs’xçÂnäg [ecHedIrxÂçnäg . BuTìsasnikCn ykGgð¨BHsmT¬õ ìCasrN: \TIBwg| rbs’xÂçn edaye¨bI¨VCÆaBi-carNa tamehtuplsBèKb’ eXIjBitfa \¨BHGgðVneXIjFmá| ehyI ¨Tg’eTsnaTUnμanxçÂn[¨btibti¶tambdibTaEdl¨Tg’rkeXIj edImºI[VnluHTIbMputTukÅ \emak§Fmá|É \niBaà n| dUc¨BHGgð . BuTìsasnikCn min¨Bmyk¨BHBuTCì aTIBwgedaykI¶sgôwmfa|¨BHBuTìnwg¨sg’xçÂn (Salvate) KTW TYlVbBIxçÂn [xnÂç brisuTìehIynSeTAekItzansKY á|dUceK¨sgm’ nus§lgT’ wkdUec~aHeT . BuTìsasnikCneCOCak’fa \FmáGgð¨BHsm¬õTìBMuEmnCakI¶¨sg’|(Salvation)enaHeT e¨BaH¨BHBuTìBuMEmnCa\G~k¨sg’|(Saviour) ¨BHBuTBì MuEdlFanara”b’rgfangw lagVbstÃeT ehIy¨BHBTu ìBuMmanGanPu aBnwglagC¨mHVbG~kd«TVneTotpg . esck¶IBit minmanG~kNad«T GaceFÃIxçÂn[brisuTì e¨kABIxçÂnägVneLIy . karBwgeK[CyY EbbenH BMuEmnCavF^ IeTk~¬gelakenH . xçn ägCyY xçn äg eTbI CavF^ I . ¨BHsmõ¬TìCasas¶acar´ CaG~kTUnμanstà ¨KanE’ tCaG~kbe¨gon ¨Vb’pèÂv stTà SgLay¨tUvedIrxçÂnäg TTYlxus¨tUvedayxçÂnäg BuTìsasnikCn eTaHeyabIyk¨BHBuTìCaTIBwg k*BMuEmnbeN¶ayxÂçn[ecHEteCOtam²tebKI itenaHeT . BuTìsasnikCn min¨BmeVHbg’esrIPaBxçÂn k¬~gkarKitBicarNa rkehtupl ehIyecHEteCO¨btibt¶iGgð¨BHsm¬õTì

enaHeT . BuTìsasnikCn mansiTiìesrIPaBcºSgk¬~gxçÂneBjbrbi UNá . BuTìsasnikCnmansiTìiedIrxÂçnägeBjTI ¨bwgE¨bgbMeBjVrmIFmá[cas’kÂaTMuedayxÂçnäg edImºI[xçÂnägluHPaB \BuTì| eBjTIdUc¨BHGgðsmõ¬TìEdr . ¨BHsm¬õTìCabrmsas¶acar´d*elIsk¬~gkar¨bTanesrIPaBdl’stÃTSgLay¨Tg’eTsnaTUnμanbe¨gonstÃTSgLay[ecHedIredayxÂçnäg BuMmansas¶acar´Nae¨bobpæwm[¨twmesIμnwg¨BHGgðVneLyI . Fmμv^n&y¨BHGgðminEmnCaGacryi mud½i \kN¶ab’«nGacar´| (kN¶ab’«d«nGaTieTB) minEmnCaTid½i(Dogma) BMuEmnCavaT (Doctrine) mni EmnCaGn¶rvaT (Doctrine ésotérique) minEmnCaBahir-vaT (Doctrine exotérique) eT = eTsieta Gannæ mya Femμa Gnn¶rM GBahri M . k~¬gBuTìsasna G~kEdleTIbnwgcUlCaBTu ìsasnikCn ¨tUve¨bIv^carNJïaN ɨtUvmankaryl’¨twm¨tUv ehAtamBuTìsasnafasmμaTdi i½ \yl’eXIj¨twm¨tUv) (Vue cor-recte) . edImºInwgVnyl’BittamKnÂgFmá ¨BHsm¬õTì¨tas’eTsna (kalamsU¨t) Tukfa 1- Gnus§va kMu¨bkan’eCOGIÃEdl¾t@Ka~ minmanehtupl 2- brmºra kM¨u bkan’eCOGIà EdleKeFÃtI @Ka~ minmanedImcgu 3- ²tikri k¨uM bkan’eCOGIà edayGagfaVn¾eKniyaymkdUec~H 4- bidksmºTa ku¨M bkan’eCOGÃI emlI eTAeXjI smtamKmIõrxçÂn 5- tkûehtu k¨uM bkan’eCOGÃI edayGagehtusaμ nyk (Gnuman) 6- nyehtu kM¨u bkane’ COGÃI edayGagkareKr~ Ka~ n’ Ékatt’ ¨mUv 7- Gakarbrivitkû kM¨u bkan’eCOGIà edayGagkar¨tiHrHi emlI tamGakar 8- Tidin½ Ci ÎankÅn¶I kMu¨bkane’ COGIà edayGagfaxçn eBjcit¶ 9- PBÃrbU ta kuM¨bkan’eCOGIà faG~kenHCaG~k¨VCÆ KYreCOtam 10- smeNa ena tru k¨Mu bkane’ COfa \smN:enHCa¨KeU yIg| . ¨BHsm¬õTì ¨Tg’¨bedAeTotfa GÃIEdlCakusl GÃIEdl¨besIr EdlG~kVneXIjBitxÂçnäg cUr¨b¨Bwt¶tamcuH, GIÃEdlCaGkusl GIÃEdlmin¨besIr EdlG~kVneXIjBitxÂçnäg cUrkMu¨b¨Bwt¶eLIy . k~g¬ lTìisasnad«T (Religion) manBak´e¨bon¨bedA¨VkddUec~HVnÉeT? Bak´e¨bon¨bedAenH ¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’eTsnaTukyUryarNas’ehIyehIyf^tenAtamsMeNAedImdEdl eXIjhak’enAfμé@ . cUrBicarNaemIlcuH! BuTìvcn:enH bJØakc’ ºas’fa \BTu ìsasnamni ¨Bme¨bCI MenO²tehtupl| enHeT . buKðlm~ak’@mansiTìie¨bIesrIPaBrbs’xçÂnk¬~gkarKit karniyay kareFIà . KYrkt’cMNSTukcuHfa \BuTìsasnaCasasna¨bKle’ srIPaB| . ¨BHBTu ìCaG~k¨bTanesrIPaB BMuEmnCaGacriymudi½\kN¶ab’«d«nGacar´| eT . esckI¶xagelIenH man¨bs~aecaTsYrfa \cHu ehtuem¶c VnCaBuTsì asnikCneKa-rB¨BHBuTìbdima? | BuTìsasnikCneKarBnms§kar¨BHBuTìbdima BuMEmnsuMkI¶Gnue¨KaH(faveur)BIGaTIeTB

eT KWeKarBGÃIEdlCatMNag¨BHsmõ¬Tì . k~¬gBuTìsasna BMumansU¨ts¶¬ti (Priére) bn’¨sn’GaTIeTBeT . karbUCae¨KOgskûar: dcU CaeTon FUb cMeBaH¨BHBuTìbdima CakarbUCaKuN emt¶a kruNa bJïarbs’buKðl¨besIrEdlVneFIèbeyaCn_edImºIsklelak eFIÃhak’dUckal¨Tg’Kg’FrmanenAeLIy ehIyykGgð¨BHsmõ¬TCì aK¨mU CaKti¨bcScit¶¨btibti¶tamFmμv^n&y¨BHGgð tamcriya¨BHGgð edImºIeFIxà Âçn[VneXIjFmádcU ¨BHGgð . edayKarvkicÍ edayktJï¬taFmá BuTìsasnikCn ¨tUvEtbMeBjkci ÍTSgenaHedImºIbU-CaKuN . ¨BHsmõ¬Tmì inmanBuTbì MNgFMcMeBaHe¨KOgskûar:bUCaenHeT BuTìbMNgEdlsMxan’bMputenaH KWkar¨btibti¶tamFmáv^n&y [Vn¨twm¨tUvtamKng Fmá EdlCav^FInSsBÃstÃ[rYccakTukŨKb’¨bkar . kg¬~ mhabribBi ÃansU¨t ¨Tg’¨tas’fa \Pik¬ÅTSgLay! bUCaman2¨bkar KW GamisbUCa nigbdibt¶ibUCa .| 1- GamisbCU a bUCae¨KOgskûar: eTon FUb PÆIpûa karbUCaTSgenH minEmnCakarsMxan’GIÃeBkeT EtBuTìsasnikCn eBjcite¶ FIà . 2- bdibti¶bUCa bUCaKkW ar¨btibti¶¨twm¨tUvtamFmáv^n&y¨BHGgð . bUCaBIr¨bkarenH bdibti¶bUCa KkW ar¨btibt¶¨i twm¨tUvtamFmμv^n&y CakarbUCa¨besIrelIs . ¨Tg’¨tas’fa G~kNabCU a¨BHGgðedaybdibt¶ibUCa KW¨btibti¶¨twm¨tUvtamFmáG~kenaHeQμaHfa eKarB-rab’Gan-bUCatfaKt-edaykarbUCaeday¨besIrelIs . kg¬~ TId«TeTot ¨Tg’¨tas’ceM BaHvkûliPikŬ fa: \Gk~ NaeXIjFmá Gk~ enaHeQμaHfaeXIjtfaKt| . esckI¶Bit BuTìsasnaBMumanv^FIs¬¶tieT v^FbI n’¨sn’GgÃrkr k*BMumanEdr e¨BaHv^FIs¬¶tibn’¨sn’ GgÃrkr TSgGs’enH BMuEmnCaniy´anikFmá \Fmáe¨sac¨sg’| eT . ¨BHsmõ¬Tìe¨VsstÃEdlsU¨ts¶¬tibn’¨sn’ÉGgÃrkr¨BHGgðBuMektI eT . Fmá¨BHGgð CaFmáe¨sac-¨sg’xÂçnäg (niy´anikFmá) E¨bfa \esck¶IbrisuTìi¨tUveFIÃedayxÂçnäg| . ¨BHsmõ¬TìeXIjfa \sU¨ts¬¶tifaà y¨BHGgð Cakar²t¨beyaCn_| ehIy¨Tg’BuMyl’eXIj¨twmEtb”uNwögeT ¨Tg’eXjI eTotfa \karsU¨ts¬¶ti suMkGI¶ nue¨KaHenH CakarbnæabbenÄakxçÂnehIyeFÃIxnÂç [manKMnti efakeTotpg| . BuTìsasnikCn BMuKYrs¨U ts¶¬ti edmI ºIe¨sac-¨sg’xÂçneT ¨tUvTukcit¶xçÂnäg eFIxà çÂnäg edmI ºIesrIPaBxçÂnäg . BuTìsasna BuMmanGaTieTB BuMmanCMenOcMeBaHBlanuPaBBiPBelak Edls¶Ifaman\karecHdwgsBà ÉseBáCÆ| (Omniscience) manenAsBÃkEnÂg ÉsareBIzan (Omnipresence)BuMmanTid½i (Dogma) Edl¨tUv¨bkan’eCO, BMumanlTìi (Creed) Edl¨tUvTTYlCMenO (Foi) BuMman¨BahμN_eFÃICaGaCÆakN¶al rvagmnus§nigGaTieTB, BuMmanBiFI rIt_Biess (Rite), BuMmanBIFIsMsûar(1) eFI[à ekItVnCaBuTìsasnikCn, BuMmanmuån¶: (bTsU¨ts¬¶ti) ÉyCÆBiFI,-------------------(1) BiFI¨bsiTìI[VnCa¨BahμN_ .

BuMmankar¨b¨Bwt¶¨Bhμcriy KWtbFmá edImºIe¨sac¨sg’xçÂneT . dUec~H BuTìsasna G~kpgBMuKbºIehAfa Religion (lTiìsasna) eBj¨TBgman’esaH e¨BaHBuTìsasnaBMuEmnCa¨bB&nì (Système) «nCMenO²tehtupl (Foi) nigkarbUCa(Culte) eT ÉnwgfaCa \GMeBIEdldwknSmnus§[TTlY sðal’GaTieTB ÉGaTieTB¨tUvmanGanuPaBelvI asnaxÂçnCamnus§ ehIymnsu §¨tUvEteKarBbUCa sU¨ts¬¶ti CakicÍtbs~gsgKuNv^j| dUec~Hk*eTEdr . ebInwgehABuTìsasnafa Religion \liTiìsasna| edaymanGtÄn&yfa \CaBuTìvcn:Edls¶IBICvI ^t cUleTAdl’k¬~gCIv^t tamyfaPUtTs§njaN BuMEmnKitesI@ EtsMbke¨kAenaHeT CaBuTìvcn:s¶IBIdMbUnμan p¶l’[mnus§ecH¨btibt¶i ecHedIrxçÂnäg edaytamKnÂgdMbUnμanliít suxmu ¨twm¨tUv v^ess, CaBuTìvcn:s¶IBIdMbUnμan be¨gonmnus§[mankI¶manHtsßyU kQ~HxÂnç äg ecHrs’k~¬gCév^teday¨byt& ~ ecHtsßUcMeBaHesck¶IsÂab’ mnirYjra minf©èr minjejIt edayxn¶IFmá, CaBuTìvcn:TukCaGaKmski¶siTì es¶aHbN¬¶HbN¶alkI¶¨besIr kl¶I í kI¶rIkray [ekItdl’xÂçnäg nigdl’Cnd«TTUeTA | . ebIBuTì-sasna CalTiìsasna manGtÄn&ydUceBalmkxagelIenHEmn nu±HlTsiì asnaenHäg ¨VkdCa¨besIrelIs elIlTiìsasnaTSgLay (A religion of religions) . Ü ÜÜ ¨BHFmáEdl¨BHsm¬õTsì Emg¶ e¨Vsstà CaTs§nviCØaÉGIÃ? ¨BHFmá ÉehAfa \Fm|μ Edl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gehIyenHÉ EdlG~kbsÍimehAfa\Ts§nv^CØa| (Philosophie) ? k¬~gGtItkal man¨BHsmõ¬Tìe¨cIn¨BHGgð EdlniBÃanknÂgrMlgeTAyrU GEgÃgNas’ehIy Et¨BHFmá«fv ^essEdl¨Tg’VnsEm¶gTukehIyedImºIe¨VsstÃelakenH z^tefrenAbrisuTìtamrUbedImdEdl ehtuenHehIyVnCa¨BHFmáenHehAfa bktiFmá \Fmá¨b¨ktI| . ¨BHFmáenH kal¨BHGgðKg’FrmanenAeLyI minmancarwkCaGk§reT . e¨kayBuTìbriniBÃan ¨BHGriysavkTSgLaye¨cInGgð VneFIÃsgðayna(1) (pæ¿gpæat’) BuTìvcn:TSg-------------------------------------------------------(1) emIlesovePA \¨BH«¨tbdi kCaPasaExμr| enABuTìsasnbNëit´

Gs’ cSrt’mat’sæat’ (muxVz) Vnrk§a¨BHFmáCaBuTìvcn:t@K~aBCI Mnan’mYyeTACMnan’myYeTot TukrhUtdl’bcͬbºn~kalenH . BuTìsasnaknÂgeTA¨bmaNCa500q~S ¨BHsgôsavkcarwkBuTìvcn:CalaylkÅN_Gk§renAekaHlgûa . ¨BHsmõT¬ ìsEm¶gTku fa Fmá¨BHGgðenHehAfa Fmμv^ny& KWFmá1 v^n&y1 tmkelakEckFmáCaBIr¨bkar KWFmáEdlmanGafárak’ ehAfa \¨BHsU¨t| FmáEdlmanGafá¨Cale¨CA ehAfa \¨BHGPiFm|μ ektIVneTACa3Ep~kKW ¨BHv^n&ybdi k (man13esovePA) sutn¶ ¶bdi k (man63esovePA)GPiFmμbidk (man34esovePA) rYmehAfa tibidk É «¨tbidk Ék* XS gbI (Triblecorbeille) . 1- vin&ybidk \XÂSgv^ny& | Cacºab’¨kit´¨km Edl¨BHsmõ¬TìsEm¶gbJït¶GnuJïat Tku s¨mab’CapèÂv¨btibtBi¶ uTìbris&T KWPikŬ PikŬnI ÓVsk ÓVsika . v^n&yenHEckCaBIr¨bkareTAeTotKW Ð k/ GaKarv^ny& \v^n&yG~kmanpæH| v^n&ys¨mab’¨KhsÄ ÓVsk ÓVsika¨btibt¶i . x/ GnaKarvn^ &y \v^n&yG~kminmanpæH| Vndl’G~kbYs KWPikŬ PikŬnI ¨btibt¶i . 2- sutn¶ ¶bidk É ¨BHsU¨t Vndl’FmáEdl¨BHsm¬õTìsEm¶gk¬g~ sm&yep§g@ kalEdl¨Tg’Kg’FrmanenAeLIy. k¬~g¨BHsU¨tenH ¨BHsarIbu¨t ¨BHemaKðlÂan¨BHGannæ ɨBHsavkd«TeTotsEm¶g k*manEdr . 3-GPiFmμbidk É ¨BHGPiFmμ sI¶BIFmálíitsuxum¨Cale¨CA Vndl’Ts§nv^CØa manGafáKm¸IrPaBrbs’¨BHsmõ¬Tì CaGtÄbTpæ¬yBIst¶n¶bidkEdlmanesck¶Irak@’ KWsut¶nb¶ idkCaevahareTsna (Conventional teaching), äGPFi mμbidk CabrmtÄeTsna (Ultimate teaching) . k¬~gKmõIrGPiFmμ ¨BHsm¬õTìsEm¶gBIFmáliítsuxumKWs¶IBIcit¶ (Consciousness) ectsik (Mental concomitants), rUb (Matter) nigniBÃan . enAk¬~gGPiFmμenHehIyEdl¨BHsm¬õTìsEm¶gTukfa sBÃstÃTSgLay¨Kan’EtCabuKðl \buKðlbJït¶i = ¨Kan’EtCabJïti¶faCabKu ðl| nwgCastà k*BEuM mn nwgfamanCIv^tkB* uMEmn CaFmásUn´ = nis§et¶a niCØIeva sueJïa edaykarEvkEjky”aglíitbMput ¨taEtEjkeTAeTotBMuVn ¨BmTSgEckFmáTSgenHedaybriyayCaGenk¨bkary”agm”t’ct’bMptu eTot . mYyeTot GPFi mμenH sI¶BIscÍFmá (Truth) ngi PUtFmá (Fact) minsI¶BI¨Tsw I¶ ÉTs§nv^CØa EdleKTukdUcCascÍFmámankI¶¨Cale¨CA VnEteBlenH ehIydl’«f©EsíkeKbdiesFecaleTAvj^ edayeXIjminBitdUec~HeT . ¨BHsmõT¬ ìsEm¶gFmá¨bedAstÃTSgLay CaFmá¨b¨ktI BuMEmnCaFmánS[eKP&yxÂacenaHeT BuMEmnCa¨Tws¶ITs§nv^CØaEbbféμe¨kAcakFmáenaHeT ÉnwgfaCaFmáEdl¨Tgh’ ßanbegIûtCaEbbv^T´asaås¶sm¸arniymfμé

enaHk*eTEdr . ¨Tg’EtgsEm¶gFmáe¨Vse¨bon¨bedAedayBn´l’fa \Fmeá nHCamaKáaKYr¨btibt¶i Fmeá nHBMuKrY ¨btbi ti|¶ EdlsuTìEtCaFmánSstÃ[rYccakTukÅ ehIyTIbMptu¨Tg’cg¬íl¨Vb’pÂèveTAkan’emakÅFmá CapèÂvEtmYyKt’ ( = äkayenamet¶a) . ebIBinit´emIl[sBèKb’eTA Fmá¨BHGgðCaFmá dUcCaebIkbgúajpèÂvG~kv^T´asaås¶ Ts§nv^TUe¨cInnak’[edIrtam¨kEs¨BHtMrHi ¨BHGgðeTotpg . esckI¶enH elak seU b”nehA (Schopenhauer)sresrfa \ esck¶TI ukÅCascFÍ má ehyI KMnitenH VnCamaKáaedrI «nTs§v^TUbsiÍmsBëf©enHeTotpg| . elak sõIenasaß (Spinoza) k*eBalbdiesFecal¨Tws¶ITSgLayd«TEdr edayelakeBalfa \ sPavFmáEdlelakfa << efrenAnit´enH >> mni man¨VkdkarniymeT | elakbJØak’eTotfa \sPavFmTá SgGs’Edlfa <<efrenAnit´>> suTEì tmankarE¨b¨blY Fmμta | . cMeBaHmtielakenH elakyl’fa <<TukeÅ nH mnus§GacykQH~ Vn edayrkeXIjFmáKWvC^ ØaEdlBEMu mnCaFmáekItmanmYy¨sbk’ nigBEMu mnCaFmáekItmanmYyEPt EtCaFmá²tEkE¨bVn efrenAnit´ efrcrI kal>> . elak ebIrekÂy (Berkley) yl’cºas’fa \GEÃI dlCabrmaNUEjkBMVu nenH eK¨bDti Tku EtxagbrmtÄv^CØaeT ¨KanE’ tCaElºgelg | . ehIyelak hUm (Hume) e¨kayEdlelakEvkEjkBIerOgcit¶ (Mind)mkkalyrU elakeBalsrubesckI¶fa \v^Jaï NKFW mμCatiEdlhUreTA«ncit¶| .äelak Ebrsug (Bergson) Bn´l’¨Vb’fa \enHKWcºab«’ nkarE¨b¨blY | . cMENkelaksaås¶car´ ECm (James) nSeyIg[yl’fa \enHKW¨kEscti ¶| . FmáEdlG~k¨VCÆTSgLayCYjcit¶¨tiHriHKti TSgGs’enH ¨BHsm¬õTì Vn¨tas’eTsnae¨VsstèbmaNCa 2557 rYcmkehIy enAtamdgmhanTIKgða«n¨beTs²Nëa KW¨Tg’eTsna¨Vb’fa enHKWGnicÍtaFmá \FmáE¨b¨bYlekItmanEtmYy¨sbk’ (ÓbºaTFmá = Transieney), enHKWTku Å \FmEá dl¨TS¨TVnedaylVM kNas’ (sarrow) | enHKGW nt¶a \FmEá dlminEmnCarbs’xnç äg (No soul) | ehAfa¨BH«¨tlkÅN_ ÉsamJïlkÅN: \lkÅN:FmáEdlCacºab’eTogTat’bI¨bkar| É |lkÅN:FmμtaTSgLay EdlEtgekItmaneLIgCa¨b¨ktI| . mYyeTot G~ksik§aBTu ìvcn: KbºIyl’fa ¨BHsm¬õTì¨Tg’eTsnaFmáe¨VsstÃTSgLay ¨Tg’BVMu neTsnaFmáTSgGs’Edl¨Tg’¨tas’dwgenaHeT ¨Tg’eTsnacMeBaHEtFmáNaEdldwknSstÃeTAkan’TIbMputTukÅKWGmtmhaniBÃan . esck¶IenH man¨VkdenAk~¬gKmõIrsMyut¶nikay mhavarvKðfa Ð «f©mYy ¨BHsm¬õTì ¨Tg’¨bfab’enAk¬~gsIsVv&n C^t¨kugekasmiõ eBlenaH¨Tg’eQag¨BHhs¶eTAcab’swÂkeQmI Yyk¶ab’mk ehIy¨Tg’elIkeLgI rYc¨tas’eTAkan’Pik¬Å

sgôfaÐ \ G~kTSgLay! sÂwkeQEI dlenAk¬g~ k¶ab’«dtfaKtenH nigswk eQIEdlenAeleI dImeQITSgLay Nae¨cInCagNa? | PikŬsgô¨kabTUls~g¨BHBuTìdIkav^jfa Ð \sUm¨Tg’¨BHemt¶ae¨Vs! sÂwkeQIenAk~¬gk¶ab’¨BHhs¶ticNas’swÂkEdlenAeleI dmI eQI e¨cnI «¨kElge¨cIn e¨cInelIsnwgKNna¨tarabV’ n| . eBlenaH¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨Tg’¨tas’teTAeTotfa Ð \eGIPikŬTSgLay! FmáEdltfaKt¨tasd’ wgenaHe¨cInNas’ dUcsÂwkeQIEdlenAelIedImeQI ehIyFmEá dltfaKtykmksEm¶g¨Vb’GsG’ ~kTSgLayenH ticNas’ dUcCaskw eQEI dlenAk¬~gk¶ab’«dtfaKtenHäg . EtFmáEdltfaKtminVnykmksEm¶g¨Vb’Gk~ TSgLay CaFmámni man¨beyaCnn_ wgdkw nSGk~ TSgLayeTAkanT’ IbpM utTku eÅ T | . FmáEdl¨BHsmõ¬TìykmksEm¶ge¨VsstÃTSgLay suTìEtCaFmáman¨b-eyaCn_nwgnSstÃTSgLayeTAkan’TIbMputTukKÅ WniBÃan CaFmáKYrlμmdl’mnus§TSgLaycab’ykesck¶IehIyyl’Vn CaFmá¨bkbedayehtuplbribUNá ehyI cºas’las’¨Vkdkarniym manlkÅN:Cav^T´asaås¶ ebIbKu ðlNamyY Vnsik§aFmáTSgenHehIy nwgVnyl’cºas’ eXIjcºas’ emIlGÃI emIleXIjBitedayBit edayyfaPUtTs§njaN CaFmáEdlG~k¨VCÆbc¬bÍ ºn~kalenHTTYlsað l’fa¨twm¨tUv ehIyeKekatesI©c«¨kElg . esckB¶I it BuTìsasna ngi v^T´asaås¶ manlkNÅ :¨sbKa~ edIreTAtampèv CamYyK~a . erOgenHminmaneTasCacenÂaHKYr[manemaHmnliæ eLIy ¨Kan’EtmYyCapÂèvFmásIB¶ IsIlFmánigbrmtÄscÍ (Moral and spiritual truth) myY eTotCapèv elak s¶BI Ismtμ si cÍ(Material truth) eBalKWBuTìsasnaykxÂçne¨bICaÓbkrN_s¨mabe’ FÃIniTs§n_ rkscÍFmáehIye¨bIEt xagEp~ksIlFmáÉpèÂvcit¶ Caniramisnyi m ÉnwgehAfa GrbU niymk*Vnäv^T´asaås¶ ykvt¬Äd«Te¨kABIxÂçnCaÓbkrN_mkeFIÃCaCMnYyCyY eFÃIniTs§n_rkscÍFmáehIyykeTA e¨bIxagEp~ksma¸ rnyi m ÉGamisnyi m Ék*nwgehAfarbU nyi mk*Vn .ebInyi ayCa esck¶ImyY EbbeTot BTu ìsasnarkesck¶IsuxenAnaelakenHpg rkbrmsuxenAäbrelakpg EdlehAfanri amissxu . äv^T´asaås¶ rkesck¶IsxuenAEtk~¬gelakenHEtm´”ag EdlehAfa Gamissux . dUecH~ eKalkarBuTsì asna nigvT^ ´asaås¶ TSgBIrenH ep§gKa~ .

mYyeTot FmáEdlGgð¨BHsm¬õTìsEm¶ge¨Vsstà edayBitBMuEmnCae¨KOgtSgTuks¨mab’lMGenAk¬~gbNöal&yeT ÉnwgfaCaFmá Év^CØas¨mab’sik§aEbbCa¨bvt¶i-saås¶ EbbCaGk§rsaås¶k*BMuEmnEdr Ék*nwgfark§aTuks¨mabG’ ~k¨VCÆ ÉBYkG~kbJïvn¶TSgLayk*eTEdr . Fm¨á BHGgðCaFmás¨mab’sik§a[ecHdwg ehAfa bryi tFi¶ má \eronsU¨t[ecHdwg| eronsU¨tecHdgw ehIy¨tvU ¨btbi tt¶i am ehAfa bdibtFi¶ má \eFÃItamFmáEdlVneronsU¨tecHdwg| ebIVn¨btibt¨¶i twm¨tUvtamKnÂgFmáenHehyI ngw Vnpl KWkar ¨tas’dwg \smμasemõaFJi ïaN| ehIyVnse¨mc emak§Fmá \karrcY cakTku ÅTSgBYg| ehAfa bdei vFFmá \kar¨tasd’ gw Fmá| VnesckfI¶ aFmá¨BHGgeð nHs¨mab’eron[ecH ecHehIyeFÃItam eFIÃtamehyI VnplEpp ûa KeW sckI¶suxenAk~g¬ bcÍb¬ ºn~CatienHpg ngi CadeM NIredIreTAkanb’ rmsxu enAk¬g~ elaktu r¶ Fmápg . G~k¨btibti¶tamFmá¨BHGgð BitCaVnescks¶I uxenAnaelakenHpg ehIyBitCaVnlHu TIbMputTukÅ EdleyIgFuj¨Tan’Cn^ NayenH²tsg§&yeLIypg e¨BaHfaTIbMputTukÅenHägehIy CaeKaledAGvsanrbs’stÃTSgGs’ . dUec~H Fm¨á BHGgð BEMu mn¨Kan’EtlíemIleT KWTukCasMeBAeP¨tas¨mab’C^HqÂgehIycmÂgstÃ[qÂgptu GnÂg’TukÅ KWmhasaKr EdlehAfa \valEvgvd¶sg§ar| (karGenæalsÂab’ekIt) . tamTnM genH BuTsì asna nwgTku edaydac’xatfaCaTs§v^CaØ(Philosophie) BuMVneLyI . ¨BHmhavré yi bNeëi ta V”g-xat’ saås¶acar´xag¨bvtsi¶ asna (1910-1975) (rUbftVnBbI Niët XIg-hukD)I

BuTsì asnaCa¨bB&nìslI FmáÉGI?à esck¶IBit BuMKYrmanesckI¶sg§&ycMeBaHBTu ìsasnaeT . BTu ìsasnaBti Cacºab’sIlFmá (Système éthique) d¨* besIrbpM tu Cacºabs’ m¨btibt¶¨i Kb’smy& eday¨b«B¨besrI elsI slI FmáFmtμ asklelakEfmeTot . sIlFmáEdl¨BHsm¬õTìsEm¶gTUnμanstà CasIlFmxá õs’put CalMGxagedIm«nkuslFmáTSgBYg CamaáKad*¨tg’ dwknSstÃeTAkanT’ IputTukÅEdlCaeKaledATIbMput . sIlFmFá mμtasklelak Cacºab’sar-vn¶BitEmn EtBMuEmnCacºab’eBjlkÅN:brbi UNák~¬gkardwknSstÃelak[luH²s§rPaB(liberté) bribUNá eBalKWemak§FmáenaHeLyI . sIlFmáFmμtasklelak ebInwgman¨bsiTiìPaBeBjelj luH¨taEt¨bkbedaybJïanigv^CØad«TeTotpg eTbI smKYrngwVnTTYlnamfaCaslI Fmá¨besIrBitEmn . BuTìsasnasI¶BI kmμ |GMeBI| (Action) KWGMeBlI í Ga¨kk’ GB´a¨kit (kuslkmμ Gku-slkmμ GB´aktkmμ) . kmμCacºab’FmμCati BMuEmnCacºab’tulakareT . cºab’tulakar¨bkbedayP&ye¨cInNas’ . sUm¨Cabfa kmμ EdlsI¶Tukk¬g~ BuTìsasna KWkmμmanectna . ectnaKsW lI ectnaKkW mμ . kmμenHBitCa[plv^VkxçÂnägBit e¨BaHkmμmanectna. äkmμminmanectna BMusI¶Tukk¬~gBTu ìsasnaeT. kmμTSgGs’ manBlanuPaBk¬~gxçÂnäg ehyI eFIÃkarCanicÍk¬~gxçÂnäg cUremIlclnamhaPUtrUbcHu eFÃIkark¬~gxçÂnCanicÍ .dUec~H kmμ KW G~knmi ti ¶ É sÄabnik (Architecte) sagGIÃ@TSgGs’k~¬gelak . ebI Ga-TieTB¨BhμnI É etA± manGtÄn&yfa \ kmμ | v^j n±uHmanesckI¶¨besIrNas’ . KYrsaF-uCn eBalfa BuTìsasnaenH Ca liTìikmμniym (lTìis¶IBIkmμ) VnedaybribUNá .bN¶akmμ3¨bkarxagedIm GMeBIlí (kuslkmμ) CaGMeBIsarvn¶bMput k¬~gkarksagxÂçnbuKðlm~ak@’ [VnCabuKðl¨besIr ehIy[rYccakTukŨKb’¨bkar edaykarbMeBj¨Bhμ-criyFmábrbi UNá dUcmanesck¶Ik~g¬ KmõIrmCÎmi nikay EdlGgð¨BHsmõ¬Tì¨tas’faÐ \¨BHFmá (kuslFmá) EdlbuKlð m~ak’@Vnce¨mInehIy VneFÃI[mane¨cIn e¨cInehIy e¨cnI Tal’EtelIslb’ GacknÂgbg’nvU GFmá(GkuslFm)á TSgGs’VnBit¨Vkd| . kmμ(GMBI)«n¨BHGrhn¶CaxINa¨sB BMuEmnCakuslÉGkusleT e¨BaHsn¶ancit¶rbs’elak VnknÂgputFmáTSgBIr¨bkarenHGs’ehIy . EtesckI¶enH BMuEmnmann&yfa \¨BHGrhn¶Gs’kargareT| eBalKWminmanesckIf¶ a \¨BHGrhn¶enAes¿© m¨BegIykenI¶y| (passive) (1) eLIy edayBit ¨BHGrhn¶CaG~kskmμ (Active) ¨besIrelIsCn--------------------------(1) He is passive.

samJïeTAeTot EtskmμPaBrbs’elak CaskmμPaB²tv^Vk EdlehAfa \kiriya| (1)ehIyCaskmμPaBdwknSstÃ[edIreTAtammaKáad*¨besIr EdlelakVn¨tas’dwgBittamBit eqaõ HeTAkans’ ivd½anek§mk§an¶nirTku ÅnirP&y . skmμPaBrbs’elak tamFmμtaCaGMeBIkusl CaGMeBmI anGanuPaBxÂSg dwknSstÃelak[Vnse¨mc¨beyaCn_, ÓbmadUcmas masEdlCagmasedj[Gs’mniælehIy Cavt¬ÄFatubrisuTìminVc’edjeTAeToty”agNa ¨BHGrhn¶CavtĬFatubrisTu ì minmankrNIykicÍEdlCakmμv^VkteTAeToteT ya” genaHEdr . ¨BHGrhn¶yl’cºas’Fmá cak’F¬ÂHFmáBittamBitedayBit ¨tas’dwgFmá CaFmámanPaBbMpÂajbg’nUvsg§arc¨k eBalKWbdicÍsmbu ºaTFmá \FmáCacºab’ehtupl| . esckI¶dUcVneBalmkenH KYrelIkmkbJØak’m¶geTotfa \lkNÅ :GÃICaGaTIeTBEdlfamanGanuPaBelIGÃITSgGs’ ÉGIÃd«TeTotEdlCaPaBtMNagGaTieTBmanòTìanu-PaBenaH BumM ancMENkNamYyTal’EtesaHenAk~¬gBTu ìsasna| . k~¬gBuTsì asna BMumanG~kNamYyCaG~kcS¨bTanrgÃan’ ÉCaG~kcSdak’bN¶asa[manVbenaHeT . suxkI¶TukkÅ ¶I sTu ìEtCaplEdlecjmkBkI mμ \GeM B|I rbs’xnç ¨Kb’K~aTSgGs’ . KMnitEdlKitfa eTBtaeBj¨BHTy& ehIye¨Vs¨bTanrgÃan’k¶I ÉeTBtaminsBèBHTy& ehIye¨kve¨kaFdak’bN¶asa[manVbk¶I BuMmanenAk¬~gsn¶ancti ¶BuTìsasnikCneT sUmºIEtk¶Isgôwmfa eTBtanwge¨Vs¨bTanrgÃan’kI¶ ÉkI¶Vrm¸fa eTBtanwgdak’bN¶asakI¶ k*BMumanEdr . BuTsì asnikCn dwgxÂçncMeBaHv^Vkrbs’xÂçnk¬~gGnaKtkalCanicÍÐ -manstismºCJï: tSgcit¶evorGMeBIGa¨kke’ daykay vaca cit¶ e¨BaHyl’cºas’fa GMeBIGa¨kk’CaplGa¨kk’ nS[rgTukÅevTnaenAnaelakenH nigbrelak ehIyCaehtunSBn´WtdMeNIr min[se¨mcniBaà nqab’; -tSgcit¶bMeBjkuslFmá e¨BaHyl’cºas’fa GMeBIlCí Yye¨sac¨sg’xÂçn[Vnk¶IsuxenAnaelakenH nigbrelak ehIynSxÂçn[xitclU eTAC^tsmμasemõaFiJïaN \kar¨tas’dwg| EdlCaeKalbMNgGvsanbMput . edImºIylc’ ºas’nUvslI Fmád*xõgx’ õs’enH sUmGs’elak, G~kTSgLay GeJIØjemIlBuTìPasitnana EdlmanenAk¬~gsU¨tTSgLay manFmbμ T siKaelavaTsU¨tB´KôbCØsU¨t mgðlsU¨t krNIysU¨t braPvsU¨t vslsU¨t Fmμki sU¨t CaedImeTotcuH . dUec~H BuTsì asnaenH ebIemIltamGtÄny& mYyEbb BMuEmn¨twmEtCaTs§n-v^CØab”uNwögeT ebIemIltamGtÄn&ymYyEbbeTot CaTs§nvC^ aØ elTI s§nv^CaØ TSgLayeTAeTot . BuTìsasnaenH ebIemIltamGtÄn&ymYyEbbBMuEmn¨twmEtCalTìisasna(Religions) eT ebIemIltamGtÄn&ymYyEbbeTot CalTiìsasnaelIlTisì asnaTSg-------------------(1) kiriyaEdleFIà min[plCalíCaGa¨kk’ .

Lay . BTu ìsasna ebIniyayBIsIlFmá CaslI Fmá¨besrI elIselvI F^ sI IlFmáTSgLay . rsI IlFmáenHeTot BitCaxagedIm«nescklI¶ í (kuslFmá) TSgLay ehIysUm¨Cabfa BMuEmnCaenAcugb”Uc«nBuTìsasnaeT . Bak´fa \BTu ìsasna| ebItamGtÄn&yCaPasaVlI EdlCasMeNAedIm elake¨bIBak´fa \Fm|μ CaBak´EdlelakelIkykmke¨bsI ¨mab’ehA \BuTìsasna| .Bak´fa \Fmμ| minmanGtÄn&yk~¬gPasad«TNamYy[mansMnYnevaharb”unK~aeLIy .äBak´fa \Fmμ| enH man¨Vkdkarniym eBalKWCavaT:Edls¶IBIscÍFmá CaFmáBti d*¨besIr dwknSstÃeTAkan’esrIPaB eTAkan’karrYc¨sLH = emakÅFmá (karrYc¨sLHedayxçÂnäg) . FmáenH eTaHeyabI¨BHsmõ¬TìektI eLIgk¶I minekIteLIgk¶I EtgEtCaFmá¨VkdkarniymCa¨b¨ktI . ¨BHsmTõ¬ ì ¨KanC’ aGk~ ebIkFmáenH bgaú j[emlI eXIj¨bt´&k§ dcUCaebIkKMrbEdl¨Kblak’vt¬ÄGmÃI Yy[emlI eXIjEtbu”eNöaHeT e¨BaHfaFmeá nHkb’Vtk’ ¬~gGv^CØaFmárbs’mnus§TSgLay lHu ¨BHGgðVn¨tasd’ gw FmáehIy eTbI åTg’¨bkasFmáenHeLIgdlm’ nus§ eTBta¨BhμTSgLay edaykruNaFmárbs’¨BHGgð . ebIe¨bobeFobCaesckI¶[eXIjBit FmáenHCaFmártnvtĬ dUceB¨Ckb’enAk~¬gPM~KWGv^CØa ¨BHBuTì¨Tg’CaG~keXjI FmáKWeB¨CenH ehIyKas’kkayykmkbgúajstTà SgLay fa \enHFmánSGk~ TSgLayeTAkan²’ s§rPaB (emakFÅ má) putGn¬ÂgTuk¨Å Kb¨’ bkar| . dUec~H saFuCnTSgLay CaG~k¨sLaj’xnç KYr¨btibti¶tamBuTìsasnaenHcuHGs’elakG~k nwgVnk¶Isuxsmtam¨Vf~aBxMu aneLIy .Ú