PhD thesis urdu

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67 xzŠ[! ~}g!ÆÝzg{^Y»]îÅy{Ÿg£Z*ÑñUrgent

68ìC™•w(~uzŠÐ(qZŽìnqZÅY3ZÝzgìÝzgc•á ëZqZÅ] Gé5šG3E4ŒÅZDXì@™Ýq}ZÃÐ ¹Ð kZy¨ZXì Â*gZ¦Ï0i%ÆÝzgXì `gÎ~– Z(»ÝzgX(Total k[ZÔ(Propagation)®á•ZÔ(Nature)ˆÅkZ] Gé5šG3E4ƒ+ÙCâZÔ~ gZzŠZZskWZXèE•IjG4»GñY5F\"z6WgDzZ f™_cu6ç2J.G2©E^ÜZ¸ÆZÔcÝz^g}Z°7uÔúzŠ6gzzZ6Ô(RêH-Ee#Z¸fÔleöH-cG4htiE45HoZE\" Vn)sÑÔ°Y‰ZÔIHnt„ern~alVRpeá•fleFchti×'onÃ) X{)zVÑ •sfzgq] Gé5šG3E4ƒ+ÙCâg•~ÝzgtÃIbin-ul-Hasum (965-1039)Willebrord Snell (1591-1626) UrgentRobert Hooke (1635-1703)Isaac Newton (1642-1727)James Clark Maxwell (1865)Michelson (1852)Imam Ahmad Raza (1856-1921)Breilvi-Asian Muslim Physicist of the 20 th century Morley(1931)Max plank (1859-1947)Albert Einstein (1879-1955)Louis de Broglie (1892-1987)1C•(1856-1921)y{Ÿg£Z*Ññ]XGé5HšG3E4xƒCÙ »âóy›6}µpZz¬gq~Æ]øéG5½šG5H3F\"E4Wƒp+CÙ‚Û âgÑzZ!ÝzgzqgïGG304XâäVM/ Nature of light & Composition of Light'''''''''''''''''''''''''''1. Muhammad Malik(2010): þ\"Scientific Work of Imam AhmadRaza\",Karachi:Idara Tahqeeqat Imam Ahmad Raza,p-158

Urgent 69 / Reflection of light / Total Internal Reflection / Theories of Light / Corpuscal Theory / Wave theory / Laws of light / Atmospheric Reflection / Image Formation by Reflection & Reflaction / Reversal of Image / Formulation of Ultrasound machine on basis of reflection and refraction (Piezoelectric Phenomenon-transmission & reflection)1C •ñâ•Û ™f~b‚gsf`gŠLZäy{Ÿg£Z*Ññ}p0Æø½5HF\"WgzZÝzg (1896Ô|1315)Ýô ^uø …û ^Öø]û Ýô çû ×ö Ãö Öû] èô mø• oÊô Ôõ Óôù Žø Úö oF × Ýö ^’ø Ûû ’$ Ö]ø / (Y1915Ô|1334)(])yÒãZz»ycgzZ‰Ü g(Å ã0) áô ¡ønû Š$ Ö]æø èô Î$†(Ö] Üô ×û Ãô Öô áô ^nø fû j$Ö]æø èö Î$‚( Ö]ø / èô Ûø òø Žû Ûø Öû]èô Ëø Šø ×û Êø ðô ^ø âçø Öô èô Ûø Óø vû Ûö Öû]èô Ûø Óû vô Öû] oÊô äÛø `ô ×û Ûö Öû]èö Ûø ×ô Óø Öû]ø / (Y1919Ô|1338)•œg»]cÃÆ`Š, (1911Ô|1329)ï~}g!ÆÝzg\"# oF Ë_ø ’û Ûö Öû] …ô çÞö oÊô ðô ^Ëø ’$ Ö] éö ¡‘ø ø / (•ŠŽñ~30gzZ29Ô27Ô3¢Åtçg~ óWëb‚gÑ!zgq)''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1. Muhammad Malik(2010):þ\"Scientific Work of Imam Ahmad Raza\",p-158

Urgent 70 wzZ`k[ZÔ® á•ZÔˆâÅÝzg(Nature, Propagation, Reflection of Light )

71 ÝzgÔgâ(i)(Definition of Light) X•D™V-p°ÅÝzgy{Ÿg£Z*Ññ?ìHÝzgñâZ ~uzŠÐWZzÆkZgzZì C™uZgŠ ZÐZ¬{ óžì ªqZ~)¬ s²gâ L L 1C ó óXÃãhŠ XH™fÃp°Å ãY`pѦ~G@Åp°kZKZQ CNlô ]†ø ’fÛö Öû] †ñô ^‰ø ^`ø jô _ø ‰ô ]çø eô æø Ÿæ÷$]ø éö †ø ‘ô ^fø Ö] ^`ø Òö …ô ‚û iö èö nø Ëô nû Òø …ö çß%Ö]øuZgŠZ»]Z–xÓÐWZzÆkZQìC™¬{Ü!]¸uZgŠZ»Tìª+ZqZgâ 3C XìC™(Main Source of light) ~–zÈ»ÝzgUrgentŸg£Z*Ññ»|kZ•Cƒgâ\"YâZxÓ¹!{z´ÆyZ•rZlgzZ`gÎ~–zÈ»Ýzg X•DâÛ•gÖZV-y{1• gâ\" ~ ]Zf KZ Vkz }i Ôì ~ rZlz [ëW( ôZzš ª) ]Z¯!ÝzgLLª)ySXì@ƒ×zgyZg‚ÐrZlgzZg ð‡E3!*ŠxÓÐzzÅ(`gΪ)[ëW(ôZß!ª)n²!}i ª)yS Ýzg Å (rZlz[ëWª) yTXì Ýzg Å (rZlz[ëWª) 7TÝzg Å (Vkz}i C4óXó NY{g¡ëLG& g@ÌZ{zÂñYàVZÐ(Vkz (Example of Sun and Planets) wVÅVzg(gzZ`gÎX•˜ñƒD™s Ÿzh'× ÅwßZÑ!zgqì@ƒx¥V-CÙ „Xì7gâðÃCZ»X•×zg}g(xÓÐTì`gÎwVãZzh×'LLZƒZ]Â:Ð`gÎŽìg⻄`gÎ~Vzg(yZµZßZ°²ìŠƒË~Vzg(yZgâ» `gΞ''''''''''''''''''''''''''246mÔY 1983Ô îG0.ЛÅZ[2ZgZŠ:]z6Û64Ô]md30ç`•G3ÅÔZtÔpçgÑ~Ô·óWë0ÔxZâZÔÔãŸYg£`XZX21 664m30`Ôtçg~ óWëÔxâZÔŸg£ZX3 X éM}EG$ ZX4

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Urgent 74 i§» î;ÆÝzg (Method of Propagation of light) yZÆ™FÃÝzgkZQ•C™Ýq._ÆŠZ¦ZKZÝzgÐ`gÎYâZgâ\"Z ÃÙCbZðƒCƒÐVTZzZÝzgV-Ë$V7ôZzšÝzgÅ `gÎJX•îŠàJYâZ :•DâÛ•gÖZV-y{Ÿg£Z*Ññ»|kZX•îŠ™×zg ÆVE0gzZNWgzZÐgâÆkZgzZVZ®sWÔÅi6sWYzÕzxqZä[ëWLL ÌqÃëÑÆŠZ¦ZKZKZÉ 7g¼sÜ~VZgzZV\"Wñƒ×zgñ‚gzZNZƒgzZ`JX,™:×zgÃgzZp¤Z•ýG3½G5!Ðgâ˜tÔ~7\ðŠ6VzgZ-Š¼n™×zgÃqgzZžðƒZagŠÏZsÜz»yZ,gZ-Šãzg0ZÅyÑZŠýG©Oi!~yŠ‰XCÙ ªä‰áñZƒ{zÔâ:Ì\ðŠ ÐWZzÆkZ`NW¹!gzZì ×zgôZzšÐ[ëW]ZfŠpsWªÔc0: {¾ÐgâªÔž Zƒ»kZcŠp[ëWÆkZ%ìgâ»[ëWîE0G4›E$Z76wzZsWžgâ{zb§TQôZzgŠôZz;)z,gZ-ŠgzZ c ~ 7\ðŠ ÅyZ6Y âZ {)zg Z-ŠgzZ ñƒ×zgÐ NWkZž`gzZNW¹!4- Ôƒ ŠƒsWzðà C1óXó •wßzôZz•`gzZNWÔìg¼ÐÏZgzZg⻄[ëWGÌ6ƒyZÔNƒCÙ ªsÜ sŸz kZÝzgÂì CWÙðÃt ‚ÆkZZì ¹6žâÝzgž Zƒx¥Ðk½ZÑ!zgq FQì C76YâZ ~ŠQì CYƒFQì C76YâZ ~uzŠQXì CYƒF™Z•Ð xÓÐi§kZQ•DYDƒZaWZzgŠWZznÆä;ÝzggzZì@Y¸ŸV-ìCYƒ Xì@YƒÑYZ„ÑYZs§ÙCX•DYƒ×zgݬCÙ b''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 668m30`Ôtçg~ óWëÔxâZÔŸg£ZX1

75 Ýzgµ[Z (iii)(Reflection of Light)<~WZz¬:Zzz¼ »kZÂìCZ”ÐRÅWZz}uzŠÝzg^\"~WZzqZZ X•ëgâk[ZcÝzgk[ZÃkZXì@Y k[Z2Z¸ •Dâ•Û yÒV-Ã{°‡Ægâk[Zy{Ÿg£Z*Ññ 1C ó ó•Dƒ'Z'ÆqÃñcZziåk[ZñcZziL L s ŸzÐwVÅ{°‡ X•Dâ•Û yÒÌwVqZ6kZy{Ÿg£Z*ÑñZƒ{êÿñG5EGB-!@Z™bRZž•ãó0ÐgZÖqV½;ZÆzZåE%<XÅšZVâBzŠyBÐZ‰}ˆ6iV6VV-•zZižL6gVC-z™ZiÍ„ãÍTtCyi°î‰œ^IZL~L 76îÏG5G©r 2C óXó DZ\¬vZz s ŸzÐ^Ýzgs§ÙCÐTXìµZzO`×zgqZt‚ÆkZìsW~˜qZMM'~^FgzZ CZ”6A `Ð RÅ NWO A qà qZ sÜ~ ^X• „gƒ `g{Ñà Šìˆð3ŠC™g(Z3ZgAR™ƒUrgent'''''''''''''''''''''''''' 240m3`Ôtçg~ óWëÔxâZÔŸg£ZX1 XÏZX2

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Urgent 77 xzŠ` ]:SgzZ*zÔsYZ»Ýzg(Refraction, Medium & Characteristics of Light )

78 Ýzg½YZ (i)(Refraction of Light )sYZ»ÝzgÃ~p~;ÑzgzZ‚ÅkZƒ4ZŠ~WZz}uzŠÐWZzqZÝzgZ X•ë (Reflaction of Light) XìˆÅ~^ˆ~ŠnsŸzÅsYZÆÝzgUrgent~}uzŠÐWZzqZ CO qÃqZ ÅÝzgZ ì Rà Zzä™ Z]ÃVTZzzŠ AB ~^ ìCYw$s§Å OEñOÅ OD‚ÅkZÂìCY :q¸z` X•ë q¸z`à O` :zqà X•ëzqÃà OE :ŠÀ XìŠÀ6O`~ABRNON' :q¸ztzZi Xì@Bq ¸ztzZi CON tzZiyxgŠÆŠÀgzZµZzqà :sYZtzZi Xì@BsYZtzZiìáyxgŠÆŠÀgzZz qÃŽ EON'tzZi

Urgent 79 :ò} žìŠH~Z³tÐ]!ŠÐZƒ ÕäMI5!(Denser Medium)WZzûÐ(Rarer Medium)WZz\"Z ÝzgX1 XìCYÌs§ÅŠÀÂìCƒ4ZŠ~j XìCY?Ø gzŠÐŠÀÂìCƒ4ZŠ~WZz\"ÐWZzûZÝzgX2 sYZ2Z¸ •sf`gŠžŽì@ƒ•Æ2Z¸zŠsYZ»Ýzg X•~~˜qZƒŠÀ6q¸z`gzZzqÃÔµZzqÃ(i)tzZigzZSine Æq¸ztzZi ƒ „gƒ 4ZŠ ~WZz}uzŠÐWZz qZ qÃÅÝzg¤ Z(ii) •ë (Reflactive Index)úsYZÃxkZìCƒÚxqZ~Sine ÆsYZ sineÅq¸ztzZi úsYZn=''''''''' sineÅsYZtzZi sine i n=''''''''' sine r 1CXì@B (Snell's law)y⇻‘t /Ši»y{Ÿg£Z*Ññ ËZeZðâÛ•‰Ü zkZ)gfÆl6sŸzÅ~g¹Å ógó âsYZLLäy{Ÿg£Z*ÑñìZƒ7qƒ éMG5G©G3G©8[ëWžì:H »kZ!g—ž HÄcgŠä;gE-|¥Z·eõZz£Z+-ZYM XŠƒqƒžì@ƒx¥(Z1 X•D™yÒZ[-Z¦*ÑñwVŽ V; Xì܇Рä™yÒM&cŠ ä y{ Ÿg£Z * Ññ~]q˜Zd[ZŽ »kZL L ''''''''''''''''''''''''''1. Wolf, K. B. (1995),\"Gþ eometry and dynamics in refractingsystemsþ\", European Journal of Physics 16: 14–20.

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Urgent 87 xÎ` ]ZWZÆÝzg(Effects of Light)

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89( Retro Reflection ) k[Z»Ýzg~s'~TØŠbÑŠP6kZÆ™~ ðW“Š»äƒCÆã0äËâL•ZG0Š-]Gé5šG3E4ƒÙCâ*Ññäy{Ÿg£Z]Gé5šG3E4ƒCÙ âXì CƒCs'ž 6ì @YƒC™W ã0 ž¶t?ŠqZÅyZìzzgzZðÃÅäƒZa~C~s'É @ƒ7C™Wã0 žcâ•Û ñƒD™Šg»tÃÆsßñ XÅ7ïsfzgqä\W~}g!ÆkZXVúÞcŠ:ZzäVrZÃVúÃÅÕsËž ZbZµqg!qg!tÆs'[ZL LÃtZ'C÷6gZ-Š@»kTA[ëW6NWc ã0‰Å Za ªqÏÅ\ðŠgzZè6yT3™Å C1óìó @WC76yZZ ÑÃÅÕDƒµgzZCZbZÆs'žìtzzÅäƒCÆs'ì„,ZÇ!tìCƒZa®Â•C76YZbZ}uzŠZÑÞX•ïŠ¶ÃVúÃt• XìCƒCs'ž•ëŽvß{zXì-`gÎ6õE/J4G& Wcã0‰Urgent¦gzZìhtž ¹äVM,™g(Z3Zg»r™²¤ZgzZÔì3ZgqZtVƒH~LLÝzgÅ Zƒžw¸th'× B‚ÆkZgzZìgïZ»äƒ:~C~s'žt{zÅG@ÅkZÌär ™yZƒ@ƒZa8gˆÆT7`Z×'(ZðÃVŒp¤Zì: qZ»ä™Za~C~YZbZsËC2ó óXì7êÐw¸ÆYÛ]!tž ¹äVâzŠ œg»kZgzZtÃ~}g!Æ8g»] Gé5šG3E4ƒ+CÙ â*ŠÆÝzg {g!zŠgzZì CYƒbZiögÅY âZ6䃻ÆÝzgžì wì»] Gé5šG3E4ƒ+ÙCâ ‰•˜ñƒDâÛ•Šg»VÍß,Zy{Ÿg£Z*ÑñXì@ƒZa8g*É@W7:Zz8gÑZz¬6äWä#0YÛZ~~zcTÅXìì~[wg¸¦k¬ZÆžYÛ6~•zcst(¸ìç‰~hЊ~bÑYâgŠzZgŠZZ%âÑÐZÙYZîÛžž6VƒÔìH~Åä)LLêI-G43X0ZgzZÂñY1wïà rZlÐ}#~}ƒ0ZÃ]Zg¤Z }ì cŠgZÛŒoÑÃÝzg~ äƒZa ÆVùgxÓÅ}# ÂñYH4ZŠ~}#ÃrZl{g!zŠZgzZ¨Yƒ»8g»VzqgZŠ8gxÓŠŽñ~}#ìwõ{Š¬Z»qˈÆäƒxznqŠ4ÆyZžnkZtÔÏVƒgZŠ8géëÅVùg¬,qÐYÆZƒ~YZbZsË]!tGgzZ(ǃZa8g*éÅkZÉÇ}™7Šú{g!zŠ8gªZåE<XÅ)''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 240m3`Ôtçg~ óWëÔxâZÔŸg£ZX1 XéM}EG$ ZX2

Urgent 90 1CóXó ìê{ŠciÌÐäƒZaé%Æ`Z'× Ë ögÅYâZ6䃻ÆÝzgž{°‡gÃè~hŠbÑgzZgZâÑZÙZîž•˜y{Ÿg£Z*Ññ #Y0ÆZ‰Zƒ~YÛY}ZbgZsøìËžC{ƒ°Za‡k{gZw!z¸ŠÉtgzCZìW7» (:ScZzie{gn!tziŠsöts)gY6ÛäsW¸{gç!*zŠÆŠÉÝìzgg7zZì»êCI-G4YX30ƒZ»gzZ XìêÐ={ŠciÌÐìCƒZa~C%Æ`Z×'ËÐ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 241m3`Ôtçg~ óWëÔxâZÔŸg£ZX1

91(Mirages) [Zu (ii) A uniform medium is a medium whose optical density iseverywhere the same within the medium. A uniform medium is the sameeverywhere from its top boundary to its bottom boundary and from itsleft boundary to its right boundary. But not every medium is a uniformmedium, and the fact that air can sometimes form a non-uniformmedium leads to an interesting refraction phenomenon - the formationof mirages.C1Ôƒ:V7ÄÑJN!³ÐNZŠgzZJn™áÐ6zZ~V”xÓÆT*z{z Xì@B[ZuŽìC¯·¸z°YZNŠqZÂìCZ”Ð*zgZû)]‡zZ‰Ýzg A mirage is an optical phenomenon that creates the illusion of Urgentwater and results from the refraction of light through a non-uniformmedium. Mirages are most commonly observed on sunny days whendriving down a roadway.2CZaÐzzÅsYZÆÝzg~*zgZû)ŽìêŠžðŠ» ã0Žì·¸z~yqZ[Zu;gWnñƒD™8ÇZge6uvòŠWZì@ƒ{@xyŠáZz\ðŠ‰Ü zkZgîx¬»[Zuì@ƒ» ã06îdŒÛ pìã0‰ì@ƒx¥,ZXì@ƒ{@xt‚Æg»6,ÃÆ8Ñ•Û Î éME5G\" ½Xƒ X@ƒ7Ìy¶zx* •DâÛ•ñƒD™yÒ~ Yâ1915ïKZ~}g!Æ[Zuy{Ÿg£Z*Ññã0@™R-[pì¯ !¸Ì»äWÃ[ZuÐgz™~]”Å\ð™~gØ}iLL 3C óóNƒ:Zz™76yQÑÃÅ{ó•Dƒ“Jgz™†ËîÏG5G©rñZbZ~}ikQžìêŠð3Š ''''''''''''''''''''''''''1. The Physics Classroom,\"Mirages\",from:http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/u14l4c.cfm.Acessed on May 5,2012.2.Ibid 240m3`Ôtçg~ óWëÔxâZÔŸg£ZX3

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93 xZ¤z6bZ(iii)(Atomic Programme)~gZzŠZZgzZì;g\"~ä•VX0Ð(Atom)pˆ# rø jø mø Ÿˆø û ³qö y¨ZÐiZgŠž²Šú5³Ð#èELE#ZgzZ!Zgþ1Zå‰Ü zqZX•TgDWt‚]cÃZÆ+C٠Ⳃz+®p°Å{Šâ{zX¸ïŠ™gïZ»ŠŽzÆVZ{zX¸D™gïZ» (Atom)pˆ# rø jø møŸøˆû ³qö a#J~gzŽ X¸D™V-ûÔµB‚ƵÉM:ìuZz:Ôû:ìµ:îp©E$E°ŽìÙ{z({Šâ)\ÉLL 1CóXó ìMB‚ÆMgzZuZzB‚ÆuZzÔûB‚ƵB‚ƵŽìÙ+Z{zÉì7Œ6ZbZ{Šâž ŠHyÒtÐp°Ñ!zgqÙCgzZ¾B‚ÆkZƒ¾ŽÙ{zC٠ɾ:ì@ƒM:{ŠâgzZXìCƒûB‚ÆûgzZìCƒ Xì@ƒMB‚ÆkZƒMŽÙ~ VZž• ñƒ õÑG&N6 „Å kZÉH\"UÃVZ sÜ: äa#h]s§~uzŠî ðZXìŒ6]×bZZiÐÎqZ._Æ]îh]É{)zyZñi0ÔyZRz6ÔyZREÔ øJ4G5ÒE® Xñƒg•]Gé5šG3E4ƒ+CÙ âsfzgq~~g¹UrgentFamous First in Atomic TheoryFirst Period/ Democritus 400B.C./ Lucritus 200 B.C.Second Period/ Jan Dalton England (1766-1844)/ Imam Ahmad Raza India (1856-1921)/ J.J.Thomson England (1856-1940)/ Rutherford New Zealand (1871-1937)'''''''''''''''''''''''''' 20mÔY2000ÔkgZ=Z^„:gƒÑÔèÛÓvÖ] èm]‚âÔƒqÔgyZ†X1

94/ Neil's Bohr Danish (1885-1962)Third Period/ Henry Bechural French (1885-1909)/ Enrico Fermi Italy (1901-1954)/ Albert Einstein German (1879-1955)/ Marrie Currie French (1867-1934)/ Perie Curie French (1859-1906)/ Ottohan & Strassmann (1939)C1Æa#*ŠäVM•]Gé5šG3E4ƒCÙ ây›¬{zy{Ÿg£Z*Ññ~]Gé5šG3E4ƒ+ÙCâÑ!zgq}¬Ð\WnÅTHŠg{z»¸ñƒòì‡Ì²ybÑŠ{z6T7ŠŽz» pˆ# ³rø jø møŸˆø û ³³qö tÃtÃpˆ#³rø jø mø Ÿøˆû ³³qö Ðwqy!ip7ÂÐw‡y!iŽHŠgÌ»Üy›yZB‚B‚gzZQ7Urgent •DâÛ•V-gÖZ»|kZy{Ÿg£Z*Ññ¸ñƒGž‚bÑŠ™®®6w8ZÆkZa#ì@YH´¢6yûÆ(pˆ#³rø ³jø møŸˆø û ³³qö )kZLL7„( ¹ZÊŠ Fz—~Tì HgzZ {ŠciÐÏyyÒ~ ëh.G'[•D™ì‡²y•Z']{ÆkZ¢•Û cÍ ÂÔ•DC*ƒ[ZŽÑ»yZÐ]jLZïŠ7[ZŽÐbÑŠyZÜgzZSggŠ03;'ÏygzZSxÓÅa#~ŠgÆkZžÐ,Š™ãZzëoF Ö^Ãø iø åô ‚ô Ûû vø ³eô 1Ô•Kt·Z6yû 2C óó•Zƒðô ^ø ³âçø Öô èô Ûø Óø vû Ûö Öû]èô Ûø Óû ³vô ³Öû] o³Êô ä³³Ûø ³`ô ×û ³Ûö ³Öû]èö Ûø ³×ô ³Óø ³Öû]ø L!L ‚gy•ZxqZäy{Ÿg£Z*ÑñÌòçEGE?-#GÑbtÃqZÐ~yZXHŠg»]cÃFÆ`Ša#ä\W~T–óóèèÛø òø Žû Ûø ³Öû]èô Ëø ³Šø ×û ³Êø Xì XHyÒ~•ZñgeÃœgÆ(Atom)pˆ# rø jø møŸøˆû qö äy{Ÿg£Z*Ññ]ï]‚~ä™\"UÃpˆ#rø jø mø Ÿøˆû ³qö tÃgzZä™ë!Ãpˆ# rø jø mø Ÿˆø û ³qö w8ZtÃÆ…X1 XìÝ»\WžŽGyÒ~''''''''''''''''''''''''''1.Malik,Dr,\"Scientific Work of Imam Ahmad Raza\",p-124 36m27`Ôtçg~ óWëÔxâZÔŸg£ZX2

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