Hồ Chí Minh toàn tập - Tập 3

["638 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP 11. T\u00b9i sao l\u00b9i \u00ae\u00denh ra nh\u00f7ng \u00aei\u00d2u l\u00d6 h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c kh\u00b8c nhau cho N\u00abng h\u00e9i v\u00b5 C\u00abng h\u00e9i. Ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p c\u00abng t\u00b8c 1. X\u00f8 u\u00fb ph\u00b6i g\u00f6i ch\u00d8 th\u00de gi\u00b6i th\u00ddch r\u00e2 r\u00b5ng t\u00b9i sao ph\u00b9m khuy\u00d5t \u00aei\u00d3m v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00denh r\u00e2 ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p c\u00abng t\u00b8c t\u00f5 nay v\u00d2 sau. 2. C\u00b8c B\u00dd th\u2212 X\u00f8 u\u00fb v\u00b5 T\u00d8nh u\u00fb ph\u00b6i xem m\u00d7nh l\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng c\u00e8 v\u00can, l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai hu\u00can luy\u00d6n gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c, ch\u00f8 kh\u00abng n\u00aan bao bi\u00d6n t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i c\u00abng vi\u00d6c trong \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng nh\u2212 tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00a9y. 3. M\u00e7i c\u00cap u\u00fb ph\u00b6i quy \u00ae\u00denh nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 cho m\u00e7i chi b\u00e9, m\u00e7i \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan. C\u00e3 nh\u2212 v\u00cby m\u00e7i ng\u2212\u00eai m\u00edi c\u00e3 m\u00e9t tr\u00b8ch nhi\u00d6m nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00denh. 4. Ch\u00d8 th\u00de g\u00f6i cho chi b\u00e9 ph\u00b6i d\u00d4 hi\u00d3u \u00ae\u00d3 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd c\u00e3 th\u00d3 th\u00b6o lu\u00cbn v\u00b5 nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u thi h\u00b5nh: kh\u00abng khi n\u00b5o \u00ae\u2212\u00eec d\u00efng m\u00d6nh l\u00d6nh. Ph\u00b6i ch\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u00d3m tra c\u00abng t\u00b8c c\u00f1a c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00a7\u00b6ng c\u00cap d\u2212\u00edi. 5. C\u00b8c Ban ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh c\u00f1a t\u00cat c\u00b6 m\u00e4i t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd xung phong l\u00b5m vi\u00d6c cho c\u00cap \u00f1y, khi b\u00de kh\u00f1ng b\u00e8 ho\u00c6c c\u00e3 ai trong c\u00cap \u00f1y v\u00beng m\u00c6t, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd \u00ae\u00e3 s\u00bdn s\u00b5ng c\u00e3 th\u00d3 thay th\u00d5. T\u00b5i ch\u00ddnh Ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00b7 quy \u00ae\u00denh t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c m\u00e9t Ban T\u00b5i ch\u00ddnh. Tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n v\u00b5 gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c 1. Ph\u00b6i t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c m\u00e9t ban g\u00e5m n\u00a8m \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd ph\u00f4 tr\u00b8ch tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n v\u00b5 gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan. 2. Ph\u00b6i ra m\u00e9t t\u00ea b\u00b8o b\u00e8n trang, xu\u00cat b\u00b6n m\u00e7i tu\u00c7n hai k\u00fa, \u00ae\u00d3 tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan. B\u00b8o \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00cay t\u00aan l\u00b5 \u201cTi\u00aan phong\u201d (The Forward). 3. \u00a7\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b5o t\u00b9o c\u00b8n b\u00e9 ph\u00b6i t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c m\u00e9t tr\u2212\u00eang hu\u00can luy\u00d6n, th\u00eai h\u00b9n h\u00e4c l\u00b5 m\u00e9t th\u00b8ng. Ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh h\u00e4c t\u00cbp nh\u2212 sau:","nh\u00f7ng th\u00f1 \u00aeo\u00b9n c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c ph\u00b8p 639 a) Danh t\u00f5 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de; b) T\u00ddnh ch\u00cat v\u00b5 m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng; c) Ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng; d) T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00a7\u00b6ng; e) Chi b\u00e9; f) Phong tr\u00b5o c\u00abng n\u00abng; g) Ch\u00ddnh c\u2212\u00acng. D\u00c7n d\u00c7n c\u00e3 kinh nghi\u00d6m ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh n\u00b5y c\u00e3 th\u00d3 thay \u00ae\u00e6i. C\u00abng t\u00b8c tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00bet 1. Ph\u00b6i gi\u00b6i th\u00ddch cho \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan hi\u00d3u nh\u00f7ng ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t c\u00f1a Trung \u2212\u00acng. 2. S\u00f6a ch\u00f7a nh\u00f7ng sai l\u00c7m v\u00b5 khuy\u00d5t \u00aei\u00d3m. 3. \u00a7\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng nh\u00f7ng khuynh h\u2212\u00edng sai. C\u00abng v\u00cbn 1. Chu\u00c8n b\u00de t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c trong c\u00b8c ng\u00b5nh c\u00abng nghi\u00d6p theo ng\u00b5nh d\u00e4c; 2. Trong 3 th\u00b8ng t\u00edi, Nam \u00a7\u00denh ph\u00b6i t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00abng nh\u00a9n to\u00b5n t\u00d8nh; 3. Trong 4 th\u00b8ng t\u00edi, H\u00b6i Ph\u00dfng ph\u00b6i t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i c\u00abng nh\u00a9n to\u00b5n t\u00d8nh; 4. T\u00a8ng c\u2212\u00eang tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n \u00eb c\u00b8c h\u00c7m m\u00e1; 5. T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c m\u00e9t T\u00e6ng C\u00abng h\u00e9i \u00eb H\u00b5 N\u00e9i; 6. \u00a7\u2212a \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd v\u00b5o c\u00b8c ng\u00b5nh c\u00abng nghi\u00d6p quan tr\u00e4ng, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5n \u00aei\u00d2n, c\u00b8c nh\u00b5 m\u00b8y \u00aei\u00d6n v\u00b5 ng\u00b5nh v\u00cbn t\u00b6i; 7. T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00a7o\u00b5n thanh ni\u00aan v\u00b5 H\u00e9i Ph\u00f4 n\u00f7 trong m\u00e7i C\u00abng h\u00e9i. Thanh ni\u00aan v\u00b5 ph\u00f4 n\u00f7 ph\u00b6i tham gia l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o C\u00abng h\u00e9i; 8. B\u00bet \u00ae\u00c7u tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n nh\u00f7ng c\u00abng nh\u00a9n th\u00cat nghi\u00d6p; 9. T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c k\u00fb ni\u00d6m ng\u00b5y 25 th\u00b8ng 2; 10. Ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ph\u00f4 thu\u00e9c, h\u00eep ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 n\u00f6a h\u00eep ph\u00b8p;","640 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP 11. Li\u00aan k\u00d5t ch\u00c6t ch\u00cf c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00edi n\u00abng d\u00a9n. 12. Trong ba th\u00b8ng t\u00edi, Th\u00b8i B\u00d7nh v\u00b5 Ph\u00f1 L\u00fd ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 N\u00abng h\u00e9i t\u00d8nh. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de h\u00e4p 15 h\u00abm, nh\u2212ng tranh lu\u00cbn ch\u2212a \u00ae\u00c7y \u00ae\u00f1 v\u00b5 chu \u00ae\u00b8o, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd lu\u00abn lu\u00abn h\u2212\u00edng cu\u00e9c th\u00b6o lu\u00cbn v\u00b9ch cho h\u00d5t nh\u00f7ng cu\u00e9c th\u00cat b\u00b9i, h\u00acn n\u00f7a h\u00e9i ngh\u00de ch\u2212a \u00ae\u2212\u00eec chu\u00c8n b\u00de t\u00f5 tr\u2212\u00edc. T\u00b5i li\u00d6u c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6n L\u00dech s\u00f6 \u00a7\u00b6ng.","641 CHINH PH\u00f4 NG\u00a2M (Nh\u00b9i) B\u00e4n \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c hung t\u00b5n \u00b8c nghi\u00d6t \u00a1n th\u00det ng\u2212\u00eai kh\u00abng bi\u00d5t m\u00efi tanh G\u00a9y n\u00aan phi ngh\u00dca chi\u00d5n tranh Tranh quy\u00d2n l\u00eei \u00ae\u00d3 t\u00e9i t\u00d7nh d\u00a9n ta K\u00d3 t\u00f5 l\u00f3c ti\u00d4n \u00ae\u2212a ch\u00b5ng tr\u00c8y Tr\u00a8ng khuy\u00d5t tr\u00dfn \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00b6y phen r\u00e5i... Nh\u00b9n h\u00e5ng v\u00beng v\u00ce t\u00a8m h\u00aci T\u2212\u00ebng ng\u2212\u00eai g\u00e3c bi\u00d3n ch\u00a9n tr\u00eai m\u00b5 th\u2212\u00acng X\u2212a nay c\u00e2i chi\u00d5n tr\u2212\u00eang th\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e3 Ph\u00cbn chinh phu c\u00f9c kh\u00e6 tr\u00a8m ph\u00c7n X\u00abng pha n\u00b5o qu\u00b6n nh\u00e4c nh\u00bbn M\u00d6t qu\u00aan ngh\u00d8, \u00ae\u00e3i qu\u00aan \u00a8n l\u00b5 th\u2212\u00eang. N\u00aci chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00dea m\u00b5n s\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00aam gi\u00b8 Bu\u00e6i h\u00b5nh qu\u00a9n d\u00b7i gi\u00e3 d\u00c7m m\u2212a Ng\u00b5y nh\u2212 t\u00e8i, t\u00e8i nh\u2212 tr\u2212a R\u00f5ng g\u2212\u00acm, m\u2212a \u00ae\u00b9n x\u00abng pha qu\u00b6n n\u00b5o Tr\u2212\u00eang ch\u00d0m gi\u00d5t bi\u00d5t bao m\u00b9ng s\u00e8 X\u2212\u00acng th\u00b5nh non m\u00b8u ch\u00b6y th\u00b5nh s\u00abng T\u2212\u00ebng ch\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00b8nh tr\u00cbn xung phong Bi\u00d5t r\u00bbng h\u00b7y c\u00e3 c\u00dfn kh\u00abng? Hay l\u00b5... Hay l\u00b5 b\u00de \u00ae\u00b9n sa, l\u00f6a t\u00e3e H\u00e3a ra ng\u2212\u00eai t\u00b5n ph\u00d5 m\u00cat r\u00e5i?","642 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP H\u00eci tr\u00eai \u00aci, h\u00eci \u00ae\u00cat \u00aci \u00a7\u00eai ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00d5 l\u00b5 th\u00abi m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00eai Gi\u00b8 nh\u2212 ph\u00b6i v\u00d7 n\u00dfi, v\u00d7 n\u2212\u00edc V\u00d7 non s\u00abng s\u00e8ng th\u00b8c cho \u00ae\u00b5nh Nh\u2212ng m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c chi\u00d5n tranh L\u00eei ai \u00ae\u00d3 thi\u00d6t ri\u00aang m\u00d7nh sao cam Sau d\u00ef \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ph\u00c8m h\u00b5m B\u00b8t, C\u00f6u1) C\u00f2ng ch\u00bcng qua danh h\u00b7o m\u00b5 th\u00abi Th\u00a9n m\u00d7nh t\u00b5n ph\u00d5 \u00ae\u00b7 r\u00e5i \u00a7\u00d3 m\u00b5i B\u00b8t, C\u00f6u... ra ng\u00e5i m\u00b5 \u00a8n C\u00b5ng ngh\u00dc c\u00b5ng b\u00a8n kho\u00a8n t\u00f8c t\u00e8i Nh\u00ed th\u2212\u00acng ai th\u00aam t\u00f1i ph\u00cbn m\u00d7nh B\u00e3ng c\u00a9u th\u00cap tho\u00b8ng b\u00aan m\u00b5nh M\u00b8 h\u00e5ng l\u00cbn \u00ae\u00cbn ng\u00b5y xanh l\u00ec l\u00b5ng \u00a4ng t\u00ac kh\u00d0o ph\u00f2 ph\u00b5ng chi t\u00b8 \u00a7\u00d3 cho ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00abi ng\u00b6 s\u00a9m th\u2212\u00acng Ch\u00b5ng \u00abi, c\u00dfn nh\u00ed qu\u00aa h\u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00e5ng b\u00b5o qu\u00c6n qu\u00d1o trong tr\u2212\u00eang th\u00edt dao Th\u00d7 ch\u00bcng ph\u00b6i t\u00d7m m\u2212u l\u00cbp k\u00d5 Chuy\u00d3n bi\u00d5n th\u00b5nh ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d5 chi\u00d5n tranh Ph\u00b8p th\u00ef khi \u00ae\u00b7 gi\u00cbp2) binh N\u2212\u00edc, nh\u00b5 tr\u00e4n v\u00d1n quang vinh mu\u00abn \u00ae\u00eai N\u00abm na v\u00ben t\u00bet m\u00cay l\u00eai... B\u00b8o \u00a7T s\u00e8 1, ng\u00b5y 1-5-1940. T\u00b5i li\u00d6u l\u2212u t\u00b9i L\u2212u tr\u00f7 Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. B\u00b6n ch\u00f4p l\u2212u t\u00b9i Vi\u00d6n H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh. _______________ 1) B\u00b8t, C\u00f6u: nh\u00f7ng ph\u00c8m h\u00b5m th\u00eai Ph\u00b8p thu\u00e9c d\u00efng \u00ae\u00d3 phong t\u00c6ng cho b\u00e4n tay sai c\u00e3 c\u00abng tr\u00b9ng v\u00edi nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc \u201cb\u00b6o h\u00e9\u201d (BT). 2) Gi\u00cbp: tan r\u00b7 (BT).","643 Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00f1y ban d\u00a9n t\u00e9c gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng Vi\u00d6t Nam V\u00d7 quy\u00d2n l\u00eei d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, ch\u00f3ng t\u00abi xin tuy\u00aan b\u00e8 v\u00edi to\u00b5n th\u00d3 \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o v\u00b5 c\u00b8c nh\u00a9n s\u00dc tr\u00aan to\u00b5n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi: D\u00a9n t\u00e9c Vi\u00d6t Nam c\u00c7n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp, v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00a9y ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 th\u00eai c\u00ac cho d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Vi\u00d6t Nam gi\u00b5nh l\u00cay t\u00f9 do v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp! T\u00f5 khi ph\u00b8t sinh cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Nh\u00cbt c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Trung Hoa cho \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y ph\u00b8t sinh cu\u00e9c \u00a7\u00b9i chi\u00d5n ch\u00a9u \u00a2u l\u00c7n th\u00f8 hai, ch\u00f3ng t\u00abi nh\u00cbn th\u00cay r\u00bbng \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de c\u00f1a n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00b7 tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh tr\u00e4ng y\u00d5u kh\u00b8c th\u2212\u00eang: Ch\u00bcng nh\u00f7ng Vi\u00d6t Nam ph\u00b6i \u00ae\u00cau tranh gi\u00b5nh l\u00cay \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp d\u00a9n t\u00e9c cho ch\u00ddnh m\u00d7nh, m\u00b5 c\u00dfn ph\u00b6i g\u00b8nh v\u00b8c tr\u00b8ch nhi\u00d6m m\u00e9t ph\u00c7n trong s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p m\u2212u c\u00c7u h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh cho to\u00b5n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. Lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai kh\u00abng th\u00d3 l\u00b5m tr\u00a9u ng\u00f9a v\u00b5 c\u00f2ng kh\u00abng th\u00d3 \u00ae\u00d3 cho m\u00e9t d\u00a9n t\u00e9c n\u00b5o l\u00b5m th\u00a9n tr\u00a9u ng\u00f9a (...)1). Nh\u00a9n lo\u00b9i ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 m\u00e9t nh\u00a9n lo\u00b9i b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00bcng, ai c\u00f2ng nh\u2212 ai. Hu\u00e8ng chi n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 tr\u00aan n\u00a8m ngh\u00d7n n\u00a8m l\u00dech s\u00f6, hai m\u2212\u00aci b\u00b6y v\u00b9n kil\u00abm\u00d0t vu\u00abng \u00ae\u00cat \u00aeai, tr\u00aan hai m\u2212\u00aci tri\u00d6u d\u00a9n s\u00e8, l\u00b9i c\u00e3 quan h\u00d6 truy\u00d2n th\u00e8ng l\u00a9u \u00ae\u00eai v\u00d2 v\u00a8n h\u00e3a, phong t\u00f4c v\u00edi n\u2212\u00edc Trung Hoa. V\u00cbn m\u00d6nh hai d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Vi\u00d6t - Hoa l\u00b5 kh\u00abng th\u00d3 t\u00b8ch r\u00eai. N\u00e3i v\u00d2 th\u00cat b\u00b9i c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam, \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 do s\u00f9 h\u00f1 b\u00b9i c\u00f1a vua quan ng\u00b5y tr\u2212\u00edc m\u00b5 d\u00c9n t\u00edi c\u00b8i \u00ae\u00dea v\u00de bi th\u00b6m nh\u2212 ng\u00b5y nay, khi\u00d5n cho _______________ 1) N\u00a8m ch\u00f7 trong t\u00b5i li\u00d6u r\u00cat kh\u00e3 \u00ae\u00e4c, ch\u00f3ng t\u00abi \u00ae\u00d3 (...) (ND).","644 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP kh\u00dd ti\u00d5t d\u00a9n t\u00e9c kh\u00abng ph\u00can ch\u00can l\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eec, s\u00f8c m\u00b9nh ngo\u00b9i bang tr\u00b5n v\u00b5o, b\u00dfn r\u00f3t h\u00d5t t\u00b5i nguy\u00aan, t\u2212\u00edc \u00aeo\u00b9t h\u00d5t quy\u00d2n l\u00eei, khi\u00d5n cho c\u00b6 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c l\u00a9m v\u00b5o c\u00b6nh n\u2212\u00edc s\u00abi l\u00f6a b\u00e1ng, ng\u2212\u00eai d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam ph\u00b6i l\u00b5m th\u00a9n tr\u00a9u ng\u00f9a v\u00ab c\u00efng nh\u00f4c nh\u00b7! Cho n\u00aan ch\u00f3ng t\u00abi, nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e3 nhi\u00d6t huy\u00d5t, nh\u00cbn th\u00cay r\u00bbng \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00d5n l\u00f3c ch\u00f3ng ta kh\u00abng th\u00d3 n\u00b5o ch\u00deu \u00ae\u00f9ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec n\u00f7a r\u00e5i! H\u00eci \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o! \u00a7\u00b7 \u00ae\u00d5n l\u00f3c ch\u00f3ng ta ph\u00b6i d\u00efng m\u00b8u th\u00det c\u00f1a m\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng cho m\u00d7nh. Ch\u00f3ng ta kh\u00abng cam ch\u00deu l\u00b5m th\u00a9n n\u00ab l\u00d6 \u00ae\u00eai \u00ae\u00eai ki\u00d5p ki\u00d5p m\u00b5 ph\u00b6i gi\u00b5nh l\u00cay t\u00f9 do, v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00a9y ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 l\u00f3c ta c\u00e3 th\u00d3 c\u00efng v\u00edi nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Hoa c\u00efng m\u2212u c\u00c7u gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. Cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Hoa ch\u00ddnh l\u00b5 m\u00e9t h\u00cbu c\u00f8 l\u00edn cho c\u00abng cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam ta. Nh\u00d7n v\u00b5o l\u00dech s\u00f6 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Hoa, t\u00f5 th\u00eai Tri\u00d6u \u00a7\u00b5, \u00a7\u00abng H\u00b8n \u00ae\u00d5n cu\u00e8i \u00ae\u00eai nh\u00b5 Nguy\u00aan, cu\u00e8i \u00ae\u00eai nh\u00b5 Minh r\u00e5i \u00ae\u00d5n \u00ae\u00eai nh\u00b5 Thanh... n\u00a8m l\u00c7n ng\u2212\u00eai Trung Hoa g\u00c6p c\u00acn ho\u00b9n n\u00b9n, ph\u00b6i di d\u00a9n sang Vi\u00d6t Nam m\u00b5 nh\u00cbp v\u00b5o d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t, ho\u00c6c tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh Hoa ki\u00d2u \u00ae\u00abng \u00ae\u00f3c tr\u00aan \u00ae\u00cat Vi\u00d6t, n\u2212\u00acng t\u00f9a v\u00b5o nhau m\u00b5 sinh t\u00e5n, Hoa - Vi\u00d6t \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t nh\u00b5. Ng\u00b5y nay nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00aeang ch\u00d7m trong l\u00f6a b\u00e1ng, ph\u00b6i s\u00e8ng c\u00f9c kh\u00e6 d\u2212\u00edi m\u00f8c s\u00e8ng lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai; nh\u2212ng c\u00dfn c\u00e3 ng\u2212\u00eai b\u00b9n \u00ae\u00e5ng t\u00d7nh l\u00b5 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Trung Hoa. L\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai Trung Hoa, c\u00e3 ai n\u00ec nh\u00d7n d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00aeau kh\u00e6 m\u00b5 ch\u00deu b\u00e3 tay, qu\u00aan nh\u00f7ng quan h\u00d6 truy\u00d2n th\u00e8ng, qu\u00aan c\u00b8i nh\u00a9n duy\u00aan m\u00abi h\u00eb r\u00a8ng l\u00b9nh, m\u00b5 kh\u00abng ngh\u00dc \u00ae\u00d5n l\u2212\u00acng t\u00a9m, ch\u00f8c tr\u00b8ch gi\u00f3p b\u00b9n c\u00f1a m\u00d7nh. \u00a7\u00b7 nhi\u00d2u n\u00a8m qua, Trung Qu\u00e8c c\u00f2ng b\u00de ngo\u00b9i bang x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c kh\u00abng ng\u00f5ng \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho t\u00f9 do \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp c\u00f1a m\u00d7nh. T\u00f5 ng\u00b5y Trung Qu\u00e8c ph\u00b8t \u00ae\u00e9ng kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00d5n nay \u00ae\u00b7 ba n\u00a8m r\u00e5i. Trong ba n\u00a8m \u00cay Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00b9t \u00ae\u2212\u00eec nhi\u00d2u ti\u00d5n b\u00e9, khi\u00d5n cho ch\u00f3ng ta c\u00e3 th\u00d3 h\u00e4c t\u00cbp, c\u00e3 th\u00d3 hy v\u00e4ng v\u00b5o s\u00f9 gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec c\u00f1a h\u00e4, hy v\u00e4ng v\u00b5o s\u00f9 ph\u00f4c h\u2212ng c\u00f1a ta v\u00b5 tin ch\u00bec r\u00bbng d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam ta kh\u00abng th\u00d3 tr\u00b8nh kh\u00e1i m\u00e9t cu\u00e9c n\u00e6i d\u00cby, d\u00efng v\u00f2 l\u00f9c m\u00b5 gi\u00b5nh l\u00b9i \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc c\u00f1a m\u00d7nh.","tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00f1y ban d\u00a9n t\u00e9c gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng... 645 Vi\u00d6t Nam ng\u00b5y nay kh\u00abng c\u00dfn l\u00b5 Vi\u00d6t Nam ng\u00b5y x\u2212a n\u00f7a! Vi\u00d6t Nam ng\u00b5y nay ph\u00b6i l\u00b5 m\u00e9t Vi\u00d6t Nam ki\u00aan c\u2212\u00eang, m\u00e9t Vi\u00d6t Nam v\u00f2 trang, m\u00e9t Vi\u00d6t Nam b\u00cat khu\u00cat vinh quang, kh\u00abng ti\u00d5c s\u00f9 hy sinh n\u00b5o, kh\u00abng s\u00ee \u00aei\u00d2u kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n n\u00b5o, nh\u00bbm th\u00bcng v\u00b5o m\u00f4c ti\u00aau gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c m\u00b5 ph\u00can \u00ae\u00cau! H\u00eci \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o! Trong qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh n\u00b5y, ch\u00f3ng ta c\u00c7n nh\u00ed r\u00bbng c\u00b8c v\u00efng b\u00de chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u00e3ng \u00eb Tri\u00d2u Ti\u00aan, \u00a7\u00b5i Loan v\u00b5 Trung Hoa l\u00f4c \u00ae\u00dea \u00ae\u00d2u do qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n \u00ae\u00c7y d\u00b7 t\u00a9m(...)1). V\u00d7 v\u00cby trong khi \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Ph\u00b8p, xin \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o \u00ae\u00f5ng c\u00e3 hy v\u00e4ng g\u00d7 v\u00b5o Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n hay b\u00cat k\u00fa m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c n\u00b5o kh\u00b8c. Mu\u00abn ng\u00b5n l\u00c7n, ch\u00f3ng ta c\u00c7n nh\u00ed r\u00bbng b\u00cat c\u00f8 m\u00e9t th\u00f8 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c n\u00b5o c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00d2u mu\u00e8n d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ta kh\u00abng th\u00d3 ph\u00f4c sinh, mu\u00e8n con ch\u00b8u ta tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh n\u00ab l\u00d6 cho ch\u00f3ng. Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam ta ch\u00d8 c\u00e3 th\u00d3 h\u00eep t\u00b8c v\u00edi nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c trong c\u00abng cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng m\u00e4i k\u00ce x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec v\u00b5 m\u00e4i th\u00d5 l\u00f9c ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e9ng. T\u00f5 ng\u00b5y \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Ph\u00b8p b\u00de \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c \u00a7\u00f8c \u00ae\u00b8nh b\u00b9i, qu\u00a9n Nh\u00cbt x\u00a9m nh\u00cbp \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc ta. Ch\u00f3ng \u00aeeo c\u00b8i m\u00c6t n\u00b9 \u201cgi\u00f3p Vi\u00d6t Nam gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp\u201d \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b8nh l\u00f5a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta. Ngh\u00d7n v\u00b9n l\u00c7n xin \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o ch\u00ed v\u00d7 ch\u00f3t l\u00eei nh\u00cat th\u00eai m\u00b5 sa v\u00b5o tr\u00dfng l\u00f5a b\u00dep c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Nh\u00cbt. B\u00e4n qu\u00a9n phi\u00d6t Nh\u00cbt v\u00edi \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Ph\u00b8p ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t du\u00e9c. M\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 n\u00ab d\u00dech nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta m\u00b5 th\u00abi! N\u00d5u nh\u2212 m\u00e7i ng\u2212\u00eai ch\u00f3ng ta c\u00dfn m\u00aa mu\u00e9i, tham ch\u00f3t l\u00eei nh\u00e1 nh\u00cat th\u00eai, ho\u00c6c ham s\u00e8ng s\u00ee ch\u00d5t m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b5nh c\u00f3i \u00ae\u00c7u theo ch\u00f3ng, th\u00d7 b\u00b6n th\u00a9n ta, cha m\u00d1, anh em, ch\u00f3 b\u00b8c, c\u00ab d\u00d7, v\u00ee con ta ch\u00d8 l\u00b5m tr\u00a9u ng\u00f9a cho ch\u00f3ng m\u00b5 th\u00abi! \u00a7\u00e5ng b\u00b5o h\u00b7y l\u00cbp t\u00f8c \u00ae\u00f8ng l\u00aan, nh\u00cbn r\u00e2 cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh n\u00b5y l\u00b5 h\u00eep v\u00edi ch\u00ddnh ngh\u00dca to\u00b5n nh\u00a9n lo\u00b9i, nh\u00cbn r\u00e2 ho\u00b5n c\u00b6nh \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ta ng\u00b5y nay l\u00b5 r\u00cat h\u00eep th\u00eai c\u00ac, ngh\u00d7n n\u00a8m c\u00e3 m\u00e9t! Ch\u00f3ng ta ph\u00b6i t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c nhau l\u00b9i ch\u00e8ng b\u00e4n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec, li\u00aan h\u00eep c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de \u00b8p b\u00f8c, c\u00efng nhau ph\u00can \u00ae\u00cau. _______________ 1) B\u00e8n ch\u00f7 trong t\u00b5i li\u00d6u kh\u00abng \u00ae\u00e4c \u00ae\u2212\u00eec, ch\u00f3ng t\u00abi \u00ae\u00d3 (...) (ND).","646 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP L\u00b5m \u00ae\u2212\u00eec nh\u2212 th\u00d5, cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ta s\u00cf c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng gi\u00f3p cho cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n c\u00f1a Trung Qu\u00e8c ch\u00e3ng th\u00beng l\u00eei; m\u00b5 cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n c\u00f1a Trung Qu\u00e8c th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00bet s\u00cf khu\u00d5ch tr\u2212\u00acng \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng ra to\u00b5n ch\u00a9u \u00b8, l\u00b9i gi\u00f3p cho c\u00abng cu\u00e9c gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ta s\u00edm \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh. T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ta c\u00f2ng nh\u2212 cu\u00e9c n\u00e6i d\u00cby c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ta ng\u00b5y nay l\u00b5 ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n hi\u00d6n th\u00f9c! Nh\u00bbm v\u00b5o m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, ch\u00f3ng ta s\u00cf d\u00efng m\u00e4i th\u00f1 \u00aeo\u00b9n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, m\u00e4i ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p th\u00ddch h\u00eep \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00b5m cho to\u00b5n d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00efng l\u00aan, tr\u2212\u00edc h\u00d5t l\u00b5 c\u00b8c b\u00b9n thanh ni\u00aan c\u00b5ng ph\u00b6i ki\u00aan quy\u00d5t v\u00efng l\u00aan, ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i b\u00cat c\u00f8 k\u00ce x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec n\u00b5o, \u00ae\u00cbp tan s\u00f9 th\u00e8ng tr\u00de c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c, \u00ae\u00d3 d\u00f9ng n\u00aan n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ta! Ch\u00f3ng t\u00abi, \u00f1y ban gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Vi\u00d6t Nam, xin long tr\u00e4ng h\u2212\u00edng v\u00d2 to\u00b5n th\u00d3 \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o Vi\u00d6t Nam v\u00b5 t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c b\u00b9n b\u00cc tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi h\u00ab to: 1. M\u00e4i ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng tr\u00aan to\u00b5n c\u00e2i Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00f8ng l\u00aan! 2. M\u00e4i ng\u2212\u00eai d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam h\u00b7y c\u00c7m l\u00cay v\u00f2 kh\u00dd; 3. Th\u00f9c h\u00b5nh to\u00b5n d\u00a9n kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n, gi\u00b5nh l\u00b9i t\u00f9 do b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00bcng! 4. \u00a7\u00b8nh \u00ae\u00e6 t\u00cat c\u00b6 b\u00e4n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec; 5. Ph\u00can \u00ae\u00cau d\u00f9ng l\u00aan n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng h\u00dfa! 6. Th\u00f9c h\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, v\u00d7 d\u00a9n, c\u00f1a d\u00a9n, b\u00b5i tr\u00f5 m\u00e4i ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ph\u00b6n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng!(...)1) 7. M\u00e4i d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de \u00b8p b\u00f8c \u00eb Ph\u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00abng li\u00aan hi\u00d6p l\u00b9i! Th\u00b8ng 12 - 1940. B\u00b8o C\u00f8u vong nh\u00cbt b\u00b8o, s\u00e8 ra ng\u00b5y 28-12-1940. _______________ 1) B\u00e8n ch\u00f7 trong t\u00b5i li\u00d6u kh\u00abng \u00ae\u00e4c \u00ae\u2212\u00eec, ch\u00f3ng t\u00abi \u00ae\u00d3 (...) (ND).","647 CH\u00f3 TH\u00ddCH v\u00b5 b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai","648 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP","649 Ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 1. T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t (T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00b6ng): L\u00f3c m\u00edi th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp c\u00e3 t\u00aan l\u00b5 H\u00e9i Ph\u00f4c Vi\u00d6t - m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp v\u00b5o m\u00efa h\u00cc n\u00a8m 1925, do m\u00e9t s\u00e8 thanh ni\u00aan tr\u00dd th\u00f8c y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00eb Vinh (Ngh\u00d6 An) nh\u2212 Tr\u00c7n M\u00e9ng B\u00b9ch (t\u00f8c Tr\u00c7n \u00a7\u00d7nh Thanh), Tr\u00c7n Ph\u00f3, H\u00b5 Huy T\u00cbp v\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de ph\u00b9m c\u00f2 \u00eb Nh\u00b5 t\u00ef C\u00abn \u00a7\u00b6o m\u00edi \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p tr\u00b6 t\u00f9 do nh\u2212 Nguy\u00d4n \u00a7\u00d7nh Ki\u00aan, Ng\u00ab \u00a7\u00f8c K\u00d5, L\u00aa V\u00a8n Hu\u00a9n, v\u00edi nh\u00e3m sinh vi\u00aan Tr\u2212\u00eang cao \u00ae\u00bcng S\u2212 ph\u00b9m H\u00b5 N\u00e9i ti\u00aau bi\u00d3u l\u00b5 T\u00abn Quang Phi\u00d6t \u00ae\u00f8ng ra th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp. C\u00ac s\u00eb c\u00f1a H\u00e9i ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u \u00eb v\u00efng Thanh - Ngh\u00d6 - T\u00dcnh, sau \u00ae\u00e3 lan r\u00e9ng ra c\u00b6 ba mi\u00d2n. Trong phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh s\u00abi n\u00e6i c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00dfi th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p th\u00b6 nh\u00b5 \u00b8i qu\u00e8c Phan B\u00e9i Ch\u00a9u n\u00a8m 1925, h\u00e9i vi\u00aan c\u00f1a H\u00e9i n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 r\u00b6i truy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00acn \u00eb c\u00b8c th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8 H\u00b5 N\u00e9i, H\u00b6i Ph\u00dfng, Nam \u00a7\u00denh, th\u00de x\u00b7 H\u00b6i D\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 c\u00b6 \u00eb Nam K\u00fa k\u00aau g\u00e4i \u00ae\u00cau tranh. C\u00ac s\u00eb c\u00f1a H\u00e9i b\u00de l\u00e9 n\u00aan ph\u00b6i \u00ae\u00e6i t\u00aan l\u00b5 H\u00e9i H\u2212ng Nam. Do ch\u00deu \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng m\u00b9nh m\u00cf c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam Thanh ni\u00aan C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd H\u00e9i - t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng do Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp n\u00a8m 1925 \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u (Trung Qu\u00e8c), H\u00e9i H\u2212ng Nam \u00ae\u00b7 chuy\u00d3n th\u00b5nh T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00b6ng (th\u00b8ng 7-1928), sau \u00ae\u00e3 ph\u00a9n h\u00e3a v\u00b5 d\u00c9n t\u00edi s\u00f9 ra \u00ae\u00eai c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Li\u00aan \u00aeo\u00b5n (th\u00b8ng 9-1929), l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong ba t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 h\u00eep nh\u00cat l\u00b9i th\u00b5nh \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Vi\u00d6t Nam v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 2-1930. Tr.3. 2. Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi 1914 - 1918 (Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 nh\u00cat): B\u00bet \u00ae\u00c7u b\u00efng n\u00e6 \u00eb ch\u00a9u \u00a2u t\u00f5 th\u00b8ng 8-1914 v\u00b5 k\u00d5t th\u00f3c v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 11- 1918. Cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh n\u00b5y nhanh ch\u00e3ng lan r\u00e9ng kh\u00bep th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, l\u00abi cu\u00e8n nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 c\u00b6 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea v\u00b5 ph\u00f4 thu\u00e9c. Th\u00f9c ch\u00cat, \u00ae\u00a9y","650 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP l\u00b5 m\u00e9t cu\u00e9c xung \u00ae\u00e9t \u00b8c li\u00d6t gi\u00f7a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c l\u00edn \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00b5nh gi\u00cbt quy\u00d2n l\u00eei, chia l\u00b9i th\u00de tr\u2212\u00eang th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. \u00a7\u00d3 che \u00ae\u00cby \u00fd \u00ae\u00e5 x\u00cau xa \u00ae\u00e3 v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00f5a b\u00dep nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc t\u2212 b\u00b6n c\u00f2ng nh\u2212 c\u00b8c thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea, b\u00e4n \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 g\u00e4i cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u201cv\u00d7 nh\u00a9n \u00ae\u00b9o\u201d, \u201cv\u00d7 c\u00abng l\u00fd\u201d. Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 nh\u00cat k\u00d0o d\u00b5i 4 n\u00a8m, l\u00abi k\u00d0o nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc tham gia, nh\u2212ng kh\u00abng gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u2212\u00eec m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n gi\u00f7a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c m\u00b5 c\u00dfn \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00b9i cho ch\u00a9u \u00a2u nhi\u00d2u h\u00cbu qu\u00b6 v\u00d2 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, kinh t\u00d5. Tr.20. 3. H\u00e9i Qu\u00e8c li\u00aan: M\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u00a8m 1919 t\u00b9i H\u00e9i ngh\u00de h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh Pari c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c th\u00beng tr\u00cbn trong Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 nh\u00cat. T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c n\u00b5y l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u c\u00e3 44 n\u2212\u00edc tham gia, g\u00e5m h\u00c7u h\u00d5t c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c l\u00edn, tr\u00f5 M\u00fc. \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 c\u00f1a H\u00e9i n\u00aau r\u00e2 m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh, ch\u00e8ng chi\u00d5n tranh. Tuy nhi\u00aan, trong th\u00f9c t\u00d5, H\u00e9i Qu\u00e8c li\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 dung t\u00f3ng cho c\u00b8c th\u00d5 l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c, c\u00e6 v\u00f2 ch\u00b9y \u00aeua v\u00f2 trang v\u00b5 chu\u00c8n b\u00de chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. H\u00e9i Qu\u00e8c li\u00aan, ti\u00d5ng Ph\u00b8p l\u00b5 \u201cSoci\u00d0t\u00d0 des Nations\u201d. Trong b\u00b5i V\u00d2 c\u00a9u chuy\u00d6n Xiki \u00ae\u00a8ng tr\u00aan b\u00b8o Le Paria, ng\u00b5y 1-12-1922, t\u00b8c gi\u00b6 vi\u00d5t t\u00bet l\u00b5 SDN v\u00edi ngh\u00dca ch\u00d6ch \u00aei l\u00b5 \u201cSagesse des Nations\u201d c\u00e3 th\u00d3 hi\u00d3u l\u00b5 s\u00f9 kh\u00abn ngoan c\u00f1a c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c hay s\u00f9 tinh kh\u00abn c\u00f1a c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00edi \u00fd \u00ae\u00b6 k\u00ddch, m\u00d8a mai. Tr.20. 4. \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Vi\u00d6t Nam: \u00a7\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp v\u00b5o nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1928 - 1929, phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c d\u00a9ng l\u00aan kh\u00bep \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc. Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec truy\u00d2n b\u00b8 m\u00b9nh m\u00cf trong phong tr\u00b5o c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 phong tr\u00b5o y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc. M\u00e9t tr\u00b5o l\u2212u c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng m\u00edi xu\u00cat hi\u00d6n, \u00ae\u00dfi h\u00e1i ph\u00b6i c\u00e3 s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a m\u00e9t ch\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00b6ng th\u00f9c s\u00f9 c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n. Nh\u00f7ng ph\u00c7n t\u00f6 ti\u00aan ti\u00d5n trong phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00b7 nh\u00cbn th\u00f8c \u00ae\u2212\u00eec t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00e3 v\u00b5 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp nh\u00f7ng t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan. Ng\u00b5y 17-6-1929, \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00eb H\u00b5 N\u00e9i. \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00b6ng ra Ch\u00b8nh c\u2212\u00acng, Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn, n\u00aau r\u00e2 \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng l\u00b5 l\u00b5m c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 t\u2212 s\u00b6n do giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, ti\u00d5n l\u00aan c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca, th\u00f9c h\u00b5nh c\u00abng n\u00abng li\u00aan hi\u00d6p. S\u00f9 ra \u00ae\u00eai c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c8y phong tr\u00b5o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00eb trong n\u2212\u00edc ti\u00d5n m\u00b9nh. Th\u00b8ng 7-1929, An Nam C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00b6ng c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp. Th\u00b8ng 9-1929, nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan \u2212u t\u00f3 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t ra tuy\u00aan b\u00e8 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Li\u00aan \u00aeo\u00b5n.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 651 Trong v\u00dfng b\u00e8n th\u00b8ng, ba t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n li\u00aan ti\u00d5p ra \u00ae\u00eai. S\u00f9 ki\u00d6n \u00ae\u00e3 ch\u00f8ng t\u00e1 vi\u00d6c th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00b5 y\u00aau c\u00c7u ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 phong tr\u00b5o y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam n\u00a8m 1929. Nh\u2212ng l\u00eei \u00ddch c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n lao \u00ae\u00e9ng, c\u00f2ng nh\u2212 nguy\u00aan t\u00bec t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00f1a ch\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00b6ng M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin kh\u00abng cho ph\u00d0p t\u00e5n t\u00b9i t\u00d7nh tr\u00b9ng trong m\u00e9t n\u2212\u00edc m\u00b5 c\u00e3 ba t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. V\u00d7 v\u00cby, t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00b6ng duy nh\u00cat c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n l\u00b5 y\u00aau c\u00c7u b\u00f8c thi\u00d5t c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3. Nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u2212\u00eec tin c\u00e3 c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam, Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 g\u00f6i th\u2212 k\u00aau g\u00e4i c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat l\u00b9i. Sau khi n\u00bem \u00ae\u2212\u00eec t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh tr\u00aan, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c, v\u00edi t\u2212 c\u00b8ch l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, \u00ae\u00b7 tri\u00d6u t\u00cbp H\u00e9i ngh\u00de h\u00eep nh\u00cat c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam. \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00b6ng, An Nam C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00f6 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u \u00ae\u00d5n d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de. \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Li\u00aan \u00aeo\u00b5n, kh\u00abng k\u00dep c\u00f6 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u \u00ae\u00d5n d\u00f9, sau H\u00e9i ngh\u00de n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 xin gia nh\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Vi\u00d6t Nam. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de h\u00eep nh\u00cat mang t\u00c7m v\u00e3c l\u00dech s\u00f6 c\u00f1a m\u00e9t \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng. \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Vi\u00d6t Nam ra \u00ae\u00eai \u00ae\u00b8nh d\u00cau m\u00e9t b\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00c6t l\u00dech s\u00f6 v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam. Tr.22. 5. Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n th\u00eai chi\u00d5n (Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n th\u00eai chi\u00d5n): Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch kinh t\u00d5 c\u00f1a n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t thi h\u00b5nh trong th\u00eai k\u00fa n\u00e9i chi\u00d5n v\u00b5 ch\u00e8ng s\u00f9 can thi\u00d6p c\u00f1a 14 n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c (1918 - 1920). Theo ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch n\u00b5y, ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n X\u00abvi\u00d5t kh\u00abng ch\u00d8 ki\u00d3m so\u00b8t c\u00abng nghi\u00d6p l\u00edn m\u00b5 c\u00dfn ki\u00d3m so\u00b8t c\u00b6 c\u00abng nghi\u00d6p nh\u00e1 v\u00b5 v\u00f5a, n\u00bem \u00ae\u00e9c quy\u00d2n mua b\u00b8n l\u00f3a m\u00d7, c\u00cam t\u2212 nh\u00a9n bu\u00abn b\u00b8n l\u2212\u00acng th\u00f9c, tr\u2212ng mua l\u2212\u00acng th\u00f9c th\u00f5a c\u00f1a n\u00abng d\u00a9n, n\u00bem h\u00b5ng ti\u00aau d\u00efng v\u00b5 n\u00abng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d3 cung c\u00cap cho qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i, c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n lao \u00ae\u00e9ng. Ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n X\u00abvi\u00d5t thi h\u00b5nh ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 ngh\u00dca v\u00f4 lao \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c giai c\u00cap, k\u00d3 c\u00b6 giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n, theo nguy\u00aan t\u00bec \u201cai kh\u00abng l\u00b5m th\u00d7 kh\u00abng \u00a8n\u201d. Vi\u00d6c th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n th\u00eai chi\u00d5n l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 h\u00d5t s\u00f8c c\u00c7n thi\u00d5t v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben. Nh\u00ea \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u00b7 huy \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec s\u00f8c ng\u2212\u00eai, s\u00f8c c\u00f1a ph\u00f4c v\u00f4 cho c\u00abng cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau ch\u00e8ng b\u00e4n b\u00b9ch v\u00d6 v\u00b5 b\u00e4n can thi\u00d6p, gi\u00f7 v\u00f7ng ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n X\u00abvi\u00d5t non tr\u00ce. Sau khi \u00ae\u00cbp tan b\u00e4n can thi\u00d6p v\u00f2 trang v\u00b5 k\u00d5t th\u00f3c cu\u00e9c n\u00e9i chi\u00d5n, th\u00b8ng 3-1921 Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n th\u00eai chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec thay b\u00bbng Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch kinh t\u00d5 m\u00edi (NEP). Tr.32.","652 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP 6. Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch kinh t\u00d5 m\u00edi (NEP): Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch kinh t\u00d5 c\u00f1a n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t do V.I.L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00d2 x\u2212\u00edng th\u00b8ng 3-1921 v\u00edi n\u00e9i dung: L\u00cay th\u2212\u00acng nghi\u00d6p l\u00b5m kh\u00a9u trung t\u00a9m \u00ae\u00d3 kh\u00abi ph\u00f4c kinh t\u00d5, thay th\u00d5 ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 tr\u2212ng thu l\u2212\u00acng th\u00f9c b\u00bbng thu\u00d5 l\u2212\u00acng th\u00f9c, th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 n\u00abng d\u00a9n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec t\u00f9 do trao \u00ae\u00e6i n\u00abng s\u00b6n; \u00ae\u00c6t c\u00b8c x\u00dd nghi\u00d6p nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc tr\u00aan c\u00ac s\u00eb h\u00b9ch to\u00b8n kinh t\u00d5, s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca t\u2212 b\u00b6n nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 t\u00ab nh\u2212\u00eeng cho t\u2212 b\u00b6n ngo\u00b9i qu\u00e8c nh\u00bbm ph\u00f4c v\u00f4 l\u00eei \u00ddch x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i... \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng n\u00d2n kinh t\u00d5 h\u00b5ng ho\u00b8 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng theo c\u00ac ch\u00d5 th\u00de tr\u2212\u00eang ti\u00d5n l\u00aan ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i trong m\u00e9t th\u00eai k\u00fa d\u00b5i. Tr.32. 7. Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 th\u00f8 ba): T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, trung t\u00a9m l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o phong tr\u00b5o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 c\u00abng nh\u00a9n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. Do \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng to l\u00edn c\u00f1a C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai n\u00a8m 1917 v\u00b5 sau khi Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 th\u00f8 hai b\u00de ph\u00b8 s\u00b6n, cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a V.I.L\u00aanin v\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh ch\u00e8ng b\u00e4n c\u00ac h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c8y s\u00f9 ra \u00ae\u00eai c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00eb nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. \u00a7\u00d3 gi\u00f3p c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n n\u00b5y l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00aei theo con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c ch\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh, th\u00b8ng 1-1919, d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a V.I.L\u00aanin, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a t\u00b8m \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 nh\u00e3m c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00aau g\u00e4i t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8i t\u00b6 tham gia \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 th\u00f8 ba). H\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng l\u00eai k\u00aau g\u00e4i \u00ae\u00e3, th\u00b8ng 3-1919, d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a V.I.L\u00aanin, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 nh\u00e3m c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n c\u00f1a 30 n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n t\u00b9i M\u00b8txc\u00acva. Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 c\u00abng lao trong vi\u00d6c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o phong tr\u00b5o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 c\u00abng nh\u00a9n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, r\u00cat ch\u00f3 tr\u00e4ng t\u00edi v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. S\u00ac th\u00b6o l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat nh\u00f7ng lu\u00cbn c\u2212\u00acng v\u00d2 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00b5 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea c\u00f1a V.I.L\u00aanin \u00ae\u2212\u00eec \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i II Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (1920) th\u00abng qua \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00c6t n\u00d2n t\u00b6ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng cho vi\u00d6c gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben nh\u00f7ng v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 ph\u00f8c t\u00b9p c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. Tr\u00aan con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang c\u00f8u n\u2212\u00edc, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n tin theo V.I.L\u00aanin v\u00b5 Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 th\u00f8 ba. Th\u00b8ng 5-1943, c\u00a8n c\u00f8 v\u00b5o ho\u00b5n c\u00b6nh m\u00edi, \u00a7o\u00b5n Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00edi s\u00f9 t\u00b8n th\u00b5nh c\u00f1a \u00aea s\u00e8 c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00abng qua ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t gi\u00b6i t\u00b8n t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 n\u00b5y. Tr.32.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 653 8. Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00abng h\u00e9i (Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00abng h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e1): T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c li\u00aan hi\u00d6p qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c c\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ng\u00b5y 3-7-1921, t\u00e5n t\u00b9i \u00ae\u00d5n cu\u00e8i n\u00a8m 1937. N\u00e3 li\u00aan k\u00d5t c\u00b8c trung t\u00a9m c\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n kh\u00abng gia nh\u00cbp t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n c\u00b6i l\u2212\u00acng l\u00b5 Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 Amxt\u00d0c\u00aeam v\u00b5 li\u00aan k\u00d5t c\u00b8c nh\u00e3m, c\u00b8c khuynh h\u2212\u00edng \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp, ti\u00d5n b\u00e9 trong n\u00e9i b\u00e9 c\u00b8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n c\u00b6i l\u2212\u00acng \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc. Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00abng h\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e1 \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00d3 thi\u00d5t l\u00cbp s\u00f9 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat trong phong tr\u00b5o c\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n tr\u00aan c\u00ac s\u00eb \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng nh\u00bbm b\u00b6o v\u00d6 nh\u00f7ng y\u00aau s\u00b8ch c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, ch\u00e8ng nguy c\u00ac chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t v\u00edi giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t. Tr.32. 9. Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 N\u00abng d\u00a9n: M\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c do Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u00a8m 1923 nh\u00bbm v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng n\u00abng d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea l\u00b5m c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. Trong th\u00eai gian ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 tham d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 N\u00abng d\u00a9n (th\u00b8ng 10-1923) v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u v\u00b5o Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 N\u00abng d\u00a9n. Tr.32. 10. Phong tr\u00b5o C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng: Phong tr\u00b5o y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a c\u00b8c s\u00dc phu, v\u00a8n th\u00a9n h\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng chi\u00d5u C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a Vua H\u00b5m Nghi. Phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00d0o d\u00b5i g\u00c7n 10 n\u00a8m, t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1885 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1895. Sau khi kinh th\u00b5nh Hu\u00d5 th\u00cat th\u00f1 (ng\u00b5y 5-7-1885), T\u00abn Th\u00cat Thuy\u00d5t, ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u ph\u00b8i ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p trong tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh, \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00ae\u2212a Vua H\u00b5m Nghi (l\u00f3c n\u00b5y c\u00dfn nh\u00e1) ch\u00b9y ra S\u00acn Ph\u00dfng (Qu\u00b6ng Tr\u00de) \u00ae\u00d3 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p. Ng\u00b5y 10-7-1885, \u00ae\u00d5n S\u00acn Ph\u00dfng, Vua H\u00b5m Nghi \u00ae\u00b7 xu\u00e8ng chi\u00d5u C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng h\u00ab h\u00b5o to\u00b5n d\u00a9n n\u00e6i d\u00cby ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p. H\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng chi\u00d5u C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng, c\u00b8c s\u00dc phu, v\u00a8n th\u00a9n y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc nhi\u00d2u n\u00aci \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p, nh\u00cat l\u00b5 \u00eb B\u00bec K\u00fa v\u00b5 Trung K\u00fa m\u00b5 ti\u00aau bi\u00d3u l\u00b5 cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca H\u2212\u00acng Kh\u00aa (v\u00efng r\u00f5ng n\u00f3i H\u2212\u00acng S\u00acn, H\u00b5 T\u00dcnh) do Phan \u00a7\u00d7nh Ph\u00efng l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o. Tr.37. 11. H\u00b5 th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00c7u \u00ae\u00e9c: \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 n\u00e3i v\u00d2 v\u00f4 \u00ae\u00c7u \u00ae\u00e9c binh l\u00ddnh Ph\u00b8p \u00eb H\u00b5 N\u00e9i v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 6-1908. M\u00e9t s\u00e8 s\u00dc phu y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc c\u00efng v\u00edi ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n Ho\u00b5ng Hoa Th\u00b8m ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00f3p H\u00b5 N\u00e9i, \u00ae\u00b7 li\u00aan l\u00b9c v\u00edi nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00ddnh kh\u00e8 \u00ae\u00e1 y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc trong qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p. Theo k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch, \u00ae\u00d5n b\u00f7a \u00a8n t\u00e8i ng\u00b5y 27-6-1908, nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00ddnh kh\u00e8 \u00ae\u00e1 l\u00b5m \u00ae\u00c7u b\u00d5p s\u00cf b\u00e1 thu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00e9c v\u00b5o th\u00f8c \u00a8n \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00d5t b\u00e4n s\u00dc quan Ph\u00b8p, sau \u00ae\u00e3 ngh\u00dca binh s\u00cf c\u2212\u00edp kho v\u00f2 kh\u00dd,","654 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP \u00ae\u00b8nh chi\u00d5m c\u00b8c c\u00abng s\u00eb, ph\u00e8i h\u00eep v\u00edi ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n Ho\u00b5ng Hoa Th\u00b8m t\u00f5 ngo\u00b5i \u00ae\u00b8nh v\u00b5o H\u00b5 N\u00e9i. K\u00d5t qu\u00b6 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00abng l\u00ddnh Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de ng\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9c. Nh\u2212ng do k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch b\u00de l\u00e9, cho n\u00aan nh\u00f7ng binh s\u00dc y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc l\u00b5m n\u00e9i \u00f8ng b\u00de th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p t\u00b5n s\u00b8t r\u00cat d\u00b7 man. Tr.38. 12. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh \u00eb V\u00d0cx\u00a9y: Sau Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 nh\u00cat (1914-1918), \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc tham gia chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00b7 h\u00e4p h\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00eb V\u00d0cx\u00a9y (Ph\u00b8p), t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 18-6-1919 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 21-1-1920. M\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a H\u00e9i ngh\u00de n\u00b5y l\u00b5 nh\u00bbm chia l\u00b9i th\u00d5 gi\u00edi gi\u00f7a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c th\u00beng tr\u00cbn v\u00b5 tr\u00f3t h\u00cbu qu\u00b6 chi\u00d5n tranh l\u00aan \u00ae\u00c7u nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc thua tr\u00cbn v\u00b5 c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de \u00b8p b\u00f8c. Nh\u00a9n danh nh\u00e3m ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t Nam y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 g\u00f6i t\u00edi H\u00e9i ngh\u00de V\u00d0cx\u00a9y b\u00b6n Y\u00aau s\u00b8ch c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n An Nam. N\u00e9i dung b\u00b6n y\u00aau s\u00b8ch g\u00e5m t\u00b8m \u00aei\u00d3m, \u00ae\u00dfi Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p ph\u00b6i th\u00f5a nh\u00cbn v\u00b5 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n c\u00b8c quy\u00d2n t\u00f9 do d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, quy\u00d2n b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00bcng c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Vi\u00d6t Nam. B\u00b6n y\u00aau s\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00e3 kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec g\u00f6i \u00ae\u00d5n c\u00b8c \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00e5ng minh, c\u00b8c ngh\u00de s\u00dc Ph\u00b8p m\u00b5 c\u00dfn \u00ae\u2212\u00eec g\u00f6i \u00ae\u00a8ng tr\u00aan c\u00b8c b\u00b8o, g\u00f6i c\u00b8c nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de c\u00e3 t\u00aan tu\u00e6i, ph\u00a9n ph\u00b8t trong c\u00b8c bu\u00e6i h\u00e9i h\u00e4p, m\u00ddt tinh, g\u00f6i cho c\u00b8c Vi\u00d6t ki\u00d2u \u00eb Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 g\u00f6i v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc. B\u00b6n y\u00aau s\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m ch\u00can \u00ae\u00e9ng d\u2212 lu\u00cbn Ph\u00b8p, c\u00e3 ti\u00d5ng vang l\u00edn trong nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea Ph\u00b8p, c\u00e3 t\u00b8c d\u00f4ng th\u00f8c t\u00d8nh, c\u00e6 v\u00f2 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta v\u00efng l\u00aan \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. Tr.40. 13. H\u00e9i Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea: M\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng do Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c c\u00efng m\u00e9t s\u00e8 nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea Ph\u00b8p nh\u2212 Ma\u00aeag\u00b8txca, M\u00b8ctin\u00ddch, Haiti, Angi\u00aari, Tuynidi, Mar\u00e8c, v.v. th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp th\u00b8ng 7-1921 t\u00b9i Pari (Th\u00f1 \u00ae\u00ab n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p), v\u00edi s\u00f9 gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p. M\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a H\u00e9i l\u00b5 \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea trong m\u00e9t m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn chung \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00cau tranh gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea kh\u00e1i \u00b8ch \u00b8p b\u00f8c c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c. Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u v\u00b5o Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng H\u00e9i, l\u00b5m U\u00fb vi\u00aan Th\u2212\u00eang tr\u00f9c c\u00f1a H\u00e9i. N\u00a8m 1922, H\u00e9i Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea xu\u00cat b\u00b6n b\u00b8o Ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00efng kh\u00e6 (Le Paria) v\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c l\u00b5m ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m ki\u00aam ch\u00f1 b\u00f3t. Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 655 vi\u00d5t nhi\u00d2u b\u00b5i cho b\u00b8o, v\u00b9ch tr\u00c7n b\u00e9 m\u00c6t gi\u00b6 nh\u00a9n, gi\u00b6 ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a c\u00b8i g\u00e4i l\u00b5 \u201ckhai h\u00e3a v\u00a8n minh\u201d c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00eb c\u00b8c thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea. S\u00f9 ra \u00ae\u00eai c\u00f1a H\u00e9i Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea v\u00b5 b\u00b8o Ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00efng kh\u00e6 l\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng s\u00f9 ki\u00d6n ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de quan tr\u00e4ng \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de \u00b8p b\u00f8c. Tuy ch\u00d8 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1926, nh\u2212ng H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 g\u00e3p ph\u00c7n \u00ae\u00b8ng k\u00d3 v\u00b5o vi\u00d6c \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea trong m\u00e9t m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn chung, ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Ph\u00b8p, x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng t\u00d7nh \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau gi\u00f7a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea Ph\u00b8p v\u00edi giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n lao \u00ae\u00e9ng Ph\u00b8p, th\u00f8c t\u00d8nh nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea v\u00efng l\u00aan \u00ae\u00cau tranh. Tr.40. 14. Ti\u00d5ng bom Sa Di\u00d6n: Th\u00b8ng 6-1924, M\u00d0clanh, To\u00b5n quy\u00d2n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, sang th\u00a8m Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n, H\u00e5ng C\u00abng, V\u00a9n Nam. Tr\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eang v\u00d2, y gh\u00d0 l\u00b9i Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u th\u00a8m Sa Di\u00d6n, t\u00ab gi\u00edi Ph\u00b8p. T\u00a9m t\u00a9m x\u00b7 - m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc c\u00f1a ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u, c\u00f6 Ph\u00b9m H\u00e5ng Th\u00b8i v\u00b5 L\u00aa H\u00e5ng S\u00acn t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00f4 n\u00d0m bom \u00b8m s\u00b8t t\u00aan To\u00b5n quy\u00d2n M\u00d0clanh v\u00b5o ng\u00b5y 19-6-1924, khi y \u00ae\u00d5n Sa Di\u00d6n. Vi\u00d6c kh\u00abng th\u00b5nh, Ph\u00b9m H\u00e5ng Th\u00b8i \u00ae\u00b7 hy sinh tr\u00aan d\u00dfng Ch\u00a9u Giang. Tuy v\u00cby, ti\u00d5ng bom c\u00f1a Ph\u00b9m H\u00e5ng Th\u00b8i \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 ti\u00d5ng vang r\u00cat l\u00edn. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 \u201cchim \u00d0n nh\u00e1 b\u00b8o hi\u00d6u m\u00efa xu\u00a9n\u201d, th\u00f8c t\u00d8nh nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00f8ng d\u00cby \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00b5 c\u00b6nh c\u00b8o m\u00b9nh m\u00cf b\u00e4n th\u00f9c d\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec. Tr.40. 15. H\u00e9i An Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan (H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan): Cu\u00e8i n\u00a8m 1924, sau m\u00e9t th\u00eai gian ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00d5n Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u (Trung Qu\u00e8c) \u00ae\u00d3 x\u00f3c ti\u00d5n vi\u00d6c chu\u00c8n b\u00de th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng. Th\u00b8ng 6-1925, t\u00b9i \u00ae\u00a9y, Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan - m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng ta. H\u00e9i c\u00e3 Ch\u00ddnh c\u2212\u00acng, Ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00b5 \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 t\u00e3m t\u00bet. C\u00ac quan tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n c\u00f1a H\u00e9i l\u00b5 tu\u00c7n b\u00b8o Thanh ni\u00aan. T\u00b9i Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u, T\u00e6ng b\u00e9 H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 m\u00eb c\u00b8c l\u00edp hu\u00can luy\u00d6n ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de. Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p ph\u00f4 tr\u00b8ch t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 hu\u00can luy\u00d6n c\u00b8c l\u00edp h\u00e4c n\u00b5y. H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan l\u00b5 m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ta theo xu h\u2212\u00edng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n khoa h\u00e4c. H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00b7 \u00aei v\u00b5o qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng, v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, n\u00abng d\u00a9n theo quan \u00aei\u00d3m t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin. \u00a7\u2212\u00eec s\u00f9 gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c c\u00f1a Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c v\u00d2 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin, v\u00d2 \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i v\u00b5 ph\u2212\u00acng ph\u00b8p c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, v\u00d2 \u00ae\u00b9o \u00ae\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec r\u00ccn","656 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP luy\u00d6n trong phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng, r\u00cat nhi\u00d2u c\u00b8n b\u00e9 c\u00f1a H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan sau n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh v\u00b5 l\u00b5 n\u00dfng c\u00e8t c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng ta. L\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m tr\u00dfn s\u00f8 m\u00d6nh l\u00dech s\u00f6 c\u00f1a m\u00d7nh l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai chu\u00c8n b\u00de v\u00d2 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c cho m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh ra \u00ae\u00eai \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam. Tr.41. 16. Cu\u00e9c b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng Y\u00aan B\u00b8i: Cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca do Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n. Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng theo xu h\u2212\u00edng d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 t\u2212 s\u00b6n, th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ng\u00b5y 25-12-1927. Do \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i, t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c kh\u00abng ch\u00c6t ch\u00cf, l\u00b9i k\u00d5t n\u00b9p \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan d\u00d4 d\u00b7i, \u00ae\u00d3 b\u00e4n m\u00cbt th\u00b8m chui v\u00b5o, n\u00aan \u00ae\u00c7u n\u00a8m 1930, c\u00ac s\u00eb c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng b\u00de v\u00ec \u00eb nhi\u00d2u n\u00aci, nhi\u00d2u c\u00b8n b\u00e9, \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan b\u00de b\u00bet. Tr\u2212\u00edc t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00e3, c\u00b8c l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng l\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n Th\u00b8i H\u00e4c v\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n Kh\u00bec Nhu quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca, v\u00d7 cho r\u00bbng: \u00ae\u00bbng n\u00b5o \u00a7\u00b6ng c\u00f2ng b\u00de kh\u00f1ng b\u00e8 v\u00b5 b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t, cho n\u00aan c\u00f8 b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng, \u201ckh\u00abng th\u00b5nh c\u00abng c\u00f2ng th\u00b5nh nh\u00a9n\u201d. Ng\u00b5y 9-2-1930, v\u00b5o l\u00f3c 22 gi\u00ea, b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6 ra. Ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n chi\u00d5m c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e5n Ph\u00b8p \u00eb Y\u00aan B\u00b8i. M\u00e9t b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn binh l\u00ddnh Vi\u00d6t Nam trong qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p ph\u00b6n chi\u00d5n tham gia v\u00b5o qu\u00a9n kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca. Ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u2212\u00eec nh\u00b5 d\u00a9y th\u00d0p, nh\u00b5 ga, ph\u00b8t truy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00acn, h\u00ab h\u00b5o qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng v\u00b5 binh l\u00ddnh h\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng. Ngay s\u00b8ng h\u00abm sau, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b6n c\u00abng, cu\u00e9c b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i. Trong v\u00dfng m\u00e9t tu\u00c7n, phong tr\u00b5o kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca b\u00de d\u00cbp t\u00bet \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u00aci. Nguy\u00d4n Th\u00b8i H\u00e4c v\u00b5 c\u00b8c l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 kh\u00b8c b\u00de b\u00bet v\u00b5 b\u00de x\u00f6 t\u00f6. Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng c\u00f2ng b\u00de tan r\u00b7. Trong l\u00f3c Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng chu\u00c8n b\u00de kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00aeang \u00eb Xi\u00aam (Th\u00b8i Lan). Nghe tin \u00ae\u00e3, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 nh\u00cbn x\u00d0t: \u201cCu\u00e9c b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng n\u00e6 ra l\u00f3c n\u00b5y l\u00b5 qu\u00b8 s\u00edm, v\u00b5 kh\u00e3 th\u00b5nh c\u00abng\u201d. Ng\u2212\u00eai mu\u00e8n g\u00c6p c\u00b8c l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00d3 \u201cb\u00b5n l\u00b9i k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch\u201d nh\u2212ng kh\u00abng th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec. Trong l\u00f3c Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c v\u2212\u00eet bi\u00aan gi\u00edi Th\u00b8i Lan \u00ae\u00d5n Trung Qu\u00e8c, cu\u00e9c b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec chu\u00c8n b\u00de v\u00b5 v\u00c9n n\u00e6 ra nh\u2212 \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00aau. Tr.42. 17. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai: Cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00ab s\u00b6n th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. Ng\u00b5y 7-11-1917 (t\u00f8c ng\u00b5y 25-10 theo l\u00dech Nga), d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 657 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng B\u00abns\u00aav\u00ddch Nga, \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u l\u00b5 V.I.L\u00aanin, giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n lao \u00ae\u00e9ng Nga \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00efng d\u00cby l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6 ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap t\u2212 s\u00b6n, th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n X\u00abvi\u00d5t do V.I.L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00cbp tan b\u00e9 m\u00b8y th\u00e8ng tr\u00de c\u00f1a c\u00b8c giai c\u00cap b\u00e3c l\u00e9t, l\u00cbp n\u00aan nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc ki\u00d3u m\u00edi - ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n X\u00abvi\u00d5t, m\u00e9t h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c c\u00f1a chuy\u00aan ch\u00ddnh v\u00ab s\u00b6n. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai th\u00beng l\u00eei m\u00eb \u00ae\u00c7u m\u00e9t th\u00eai \u00ae\u00b9i m\u00edi, \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00f8c t\u00d8nh giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 to\u00b5n th\u00d3 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de \u00b8p b\u00f8c, soi s\u00b8ng con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang cho c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de n\u00ab d\u00dech \u00aei t\u00edi c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng v\u00b5 ti\u00d5n l\u00aan ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i. C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai Nga \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng to l\u00edn \u00ae\u00d5n s\u00f9 chuy\u00d3n bi\u00d5n t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng v\u00b5 l\u00cbp tr\u2212\u00eang ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de c\u00f1a Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c. V\u00b5 Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 s\u00edm kh\u00bcng \u00ae\u00denh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec con \u00ae\u2212\u00eang c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng cho c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c b\u00de \u00b8p b\u00f8c l\u00b5 \u00aei theo C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai. Tr. 43. 18. B\u00b8o Notre Voix (Ti\u00d5ng n\u00e3i c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng ta): Tu\u00c7n b\u00b8o c\u00abng khai b\u00bbng ti\u00d5ng Ph\u00b8p c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng xu\u00cat b\u00b6n t\u00b9i H\u00b5 N\u00e9i trong th\u00eai k\u00fa M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 (1936 - 1939). Trong th\u00eai gian tr\u00eb l\u00b9i ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c (1938), Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00b7 theo d\u00e2i s\u00b8t sao cu\u00e9c v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. D\u2212\u00edi danh ngh\u00dca m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 b\u00b8o Trung Qu\u00e8c, Ng\u2212\u00eai vi\u00d5t m\u00e9t s\u00e8 b\u00b5i b\u00b8o g\u00f6i \u00ae\u00a8ng tr\u00aan t\u00ea Notre Voix. Tr\u00aan c\u00b8c b\u00b5i b\u00b8o \u00ae\u00e3, Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00d2u ghi: Qu\u00d5 L\u00a9m, ng\u00b5y... v\u00b5 k\u00fd t\u00aan P.C.LIN. Th\u00abng qua nh\u00f7ng b\u00b5i b\u00b8o n\u00b5y, Ng\u2212\u00eai truy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00b9t cho \u00a7\u00b6ng ta nh\u00f7ng n\u00e9i dung ch\u00ddnh v\u00d2 \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i, ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 g\u00e3p ph\u00c7n ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng trong n\u2212\u00edc. Tr.149. 19. B\u00b8o D\u00a9n ch\u00f3ng: C\u00ac quan trung \u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, xu\u00cat b\u00b6n c\u00abng khai t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 22-7-1938 t\u00b9i S\u00b5i G\u00dfn, d\u2212\u00edi danh ngh\u00dca l\u00b5 c\u00ac quan c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai lao \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00b5 d\u00a9n ch\u00f3ng \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. Tr\u00f4 s\u00eb c\u00f1a t\u00dfa b\u00b8o \u00ae\u00c6t t\u00b9i s\u00e8 nh\u00b5 51E, ph\u00e8 Grim\u00ab, sau chuy\u00d3n v\u00d2 s\u00e8 nh\u00b5 43 ph\u00e8 Ham\u00aclanh, S\u00b5i G\u00dfn. L\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u b\u00b8o ra h\u00bbng tu\u00c7n, m\u00e7i s\u00e8 3.000-4.000 b\u00b6n, v\u00d2 sau m\u00e7i tu\u00c7n ra hai k\u00fa v\u00edi s\u00e8 l\u2212\u00eeng l\u00b5 10.000 b\u00b6n. Nh\u00f7ng s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00c6c bi\u00d6t ra 15.000 b\u00b6n v\u00b5 c\u00abng khai in \u00b6nh c\u00b8c l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a th\u00d5 gi\u00edi nh\u2212 C.M\u00b8c, Ph.\u00a1ngghen, V.I.L\u00aanin, v.v.. M\u00c6c d\u00ef b\u00de b\u00e4n th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p g\u00a9y nhi\u00d2u tr\u00eb ng\u00b9i, trong h\u00acn m\u00e9t n\u00a8m ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng, b\u00b8o D\u00a9n ch\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00b7 ra \u00ae\u2212\u00eec 80 s\u00e8. C\u00b8c s\u00e8 b\u00b8o 46 (21-1-1939),","658 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP 47 (24-1-1939), 48 (28-1-1939) \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00a8ng b\u00b5i c\u00f1a Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c: Nh\u00f7ng s\u00f9 hung t\u00b5n c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c Nh\u00f9t, v\u00edi b\u00f3t danh P.C.LIN. C\u00f2ng nh\u2212 c\u00b8c t\u00ea b\u00b8o kh\u00b8c c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, b\u00b8o D\u00a9n ch\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00f9c s\u00f9 tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh v\u00f2 kh\u00dd \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i, ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch, nh\u00cat l\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i v\u00d2 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1, \u00ae\u00e9ng vi\u00aan, gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng, m\u00eb r\u00e9ng \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng trong nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n v\u00b5 t\u00cbp h\u00eep r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n v\u00b5o M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. Tr.149. 20. Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca T\u00ear\u00e8txki: M\u00e9t tr\u2212\u00eang ph\u00b8i t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai \u00aei theo \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i v\u00b5 quan \u00aei\u00d3m c\u00f1a T\u00ear\u00e8txki. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 khuynh h\u2212\u00edng t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng c\u00ac h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u201ct\u00b6\u201d khuynh, \u00ae\u00e8i l\u00cbp v\u00edi ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca L\u00aanin. Trong phong tr\u00b5o c\u00abng nh\u00a9n Nga, T\u00ear\u00e8txki lu\u00abn lu\u00abn ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i L\u00aanin tr\u00aan nh\u00f7ng v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 c\u00ac b\u00b6n c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng nh\u2212: vai tr\u00df l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, t\u00ddnh t\u00cat y\u00d5u c\u00f1a li\u00aan minh c\u00abng n\u00abng, th\u00b8i \u00ae\u00e9 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca, kh\u00b6 n\u00a8ng th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca trong m\u00e9t n\u2212\u00edc, v.v.. Ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca T\u00ear\u00e8txki c\u00e3 \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00d5n m\u00e9t s\u00e8 ph\u00c7n t\u00f6 c\u00ac h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca trong c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc. C\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00cau tranh kh\u00abng khoan nh\u2212\u00eeng ch\u00e8ng b\u00e4n t\u00ear\u00e8txk\u00ddt tr\u00aan c\u00b8c m\u00c6t t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng v\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de \u00ae\u00d3 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c - L\u00aanin do Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d2 ra. \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ta, b\u00e4n t\u00ear\u00e8txk\u00ddt \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p l\u00eei d\u00f4ng, \u00ae\u00b7 ra s\u00f8c khi\u00aau kh\u00ddch v\u00b5 ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c ch\u00d8 r\u00e2: \u201c\u00a7\u00e8i v\u00edi b\u00e4n t\u00ear\u00e8txk\u00ddt, kh\u00abng th\u00d3 c\u00e3 th\u00e1a hi\u00d6p n\u00b5o, m\u00e9t nh\u2212\u00eeng b\u00e9 n\u00b5o. Ph\u00b6i d\u00efng m\u00e4i c\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00e9t m\u00c6t n\u00b9 ch\u00f3ng l\u00b5m tay sai cho ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, ph\u00b6i ti\u00aau di\u00d6t ch\u00f3ng v\u00d2 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de\u201d... Tr.153. 21. M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng: Tr\u2212\u00edc s\u00f9 b\u00b5nh tr\u2212\u00edng c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt v\u00b5 nguy c\u00ac chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi do ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00a7\u00f8c, Italia, Nh\u00cbt r\u00b8o ri\u00d5t chu\u00c8n b\u00de, theo ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d2u chuy\u00d3n h\u2212\u00edng ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng, th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, ch\u00e8ng chi\u00d5n tranh. \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam, th\u00b8ng 7-1936, Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng h\u00e4p h\u00e9i ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00d5 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, sau \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u00e6i t\u00aan l\u00b5 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. Tr.167.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 659 22. M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p: \u00a7\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u00a8m 1935 theo s\u00b8ng ki\u00d5n c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p. Tham gia M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn, c\u00e3 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, \u00a7\u00b6ng X\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00efng nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00cap ti\u00d5n kh\u00b8c, nh\u00bbm ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. N\u00a8m 1936, M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00beng l\u00eei l\u00edn trong cu\u00e9c b\u00c7u c\u00f6 ngh\u00de vi\u00d6n. Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n (1936- 1938) \u00ae\u00b7 thi h\u00b5nh nhi\u00d2u ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ti\u00d5n b\u00e9. Nh\u00f7ng ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ti\u00d5n b\u00e9 \u00cay \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 \u00b6nh h\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00d5n t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. K\u00d5t h\u00eep ch\u00c6t ch\u00cf ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch c\u00f1a M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng v\u00edi c\u00b8c ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng b\u00dd m\u00cbt, \u00a7\u00b6ng ta \u00ae\u00b7 tri\u00d6t \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00eei d\u00f4ng nh\u00f7ng kh\u00b6 n\u00a8ng t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00abng khai, h\u00eep ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 n\u00f6a h\u00eep ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00d3 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n. Nh\u00ea \u00ae\u00e3, phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh trong th\u00eai k\u00fa n\u00b5y ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n m\u00b9nh m\u00cf. Tr.167. 23. H\u00e9i Nh\u00a9n quy\u00d2n (t\u00f8c H\u00e9i Nh\u00a9n quy\u00d2n v\u00b5 C\u00abng d\u00a9n quy\u00d2n): T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 t\u2212 s\u00b6n nh\u00bbm \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00dfi b\u00b6o v\u00d6 nh\u00f7ng quy\u00d2n t\u00f9 do t\u2212 s\u00b6n. T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c n\u00b5y \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u00a8m 1898 \u00eb Ph\u00b8p, do s\u00b8ng ki\u00d5n c\u00f1a nh\u00b5 v\u00a8n Ph\u00b8p T\u00acrari\u00ac, nh\u00a9n v\u00f4 nh\u00b5 c\u00c7m quy\u00d2n Ph\u00b8p x\u00f6 ph\u00b9t nh\u00b5 v\u00a8n Emin D\u00abla. Tr.172. 24. Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng: M\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c theo xu h\u2212\u00edng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 t\u2212 s\u00b6n, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ng\u00b5y 25-12-1927, do Nguy\u00d4n Th\u00b8i H\u00e4c \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u. Th\u00b5nh ph\u00c7n ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng g\u00e5m ti\u00d3u t\u2212 s\u00b6n, tr\u00dd th\u00f8c th\u00b5nh th\u00de, h\u00e4c sinh, sinh vi\u00aan, gi\u00b8o vi\u00aan, c\u00abng ch\u00f8c, ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00b5m ngh\u00d2 t\u00f9 do, v.v.. T\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng c\u00e3 c\u00b8c c\u00cap: t\u00e6ng b\u00e9, k\u00fa b\u00e9, t\u00d8nh b\u00e9 v\u00b5 chi b\u00e9 nh\u2212ng ch\u2212a c\u00e3 h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng ch\u00c6t ch\u00cf trong to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c. Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng thi\u00d5u m\u00e9t \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de th\u00cbt s\u00f9 khoa h\u00e4c, kh\u00abng li\u00aan k\u00d5t v\u00edi phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 n\u00abng d\u00a9n. Su\u00e8t th\u00eai gian Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng t\u00e5n t\u00b9i, c\u00ac s\u00eb ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u l\u00b5 \u00eb B\u00bec K\u00fa. Sau cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Y\u00aan B\u00b8i (th\u00b8ng 2-1930) th\u00cat b\u00b9i, Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng b\u00de tan r\u00b7. M\u00e9t s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan c\u00e3 l\u00dfng y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 c\u00e3 tinh th\u00c7n chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau \u00ae\u00b7 chuy\u00d3n d\u00c7n sang l\u00cbp tr\u2212\u00eang c\u00f1a ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 gia nh\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. M\u00e9t s\u00e8 kh\u00abng ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng, c\u00dfn m\u00e9t s\u00e8 l\u00b5m tay sai cho \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c. Tr.196. 25. Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e5ng minh h\u00e9i: M\u00e9t h\u00e9i qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng do H\u00e5 H\u00e4c L\u00b7m, m\u00e9t ch\u00dd s\u00dc y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc s\u00e8ng \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c nhi\u00d2u n\u00a8m t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c, nh\u00bbm","660 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP t\u00cbp h\u00eep nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho n\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. H\u00e9i \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u00a8m 1935. Tr.214. 26. L\u00b5ng P\u00b8c B\u00e3: Thu\u00e9c x\u00b7 Tr\u2212\u00eang H\u00b5, huy\u00d6n H\u00b5 Qu\u00b6ng, t\u00d8nh Cao B\u00bbng. \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 n\u00aci c\u00e3 nhi\u00d2u di t\u00ddch l\u00dech s\u00f6 quan tr\u00e4ng c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng n\u2212\u00edc ta; \u00ae\u00c6c bi\u00d6t l\u00b5 hang C\u00e8c B\u00e3 - n\u00aci \u00eb v\u00b5 l\u00b5m vi\u00d6c c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u00b5y \u00ae\u00c7u sau 30 n\u00a8m Ng\u2212\u00eai t\u00f5 n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i tr\u00eb v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam. Tr.227. 27. Kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam K\u00fa: S\u00e8ng d\u2212\u00edi hai t\u00c7ng \u00b8p b\u00f8c c\u00f1a Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 Nh\u00cbt, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam v\u00ab c\u00efng c\u00f9c kh\u00e6. N\u00a8m 1940, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p b\u00bet binh l\u00ddnh ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t \u00aei \u00ae\u00b8nh nhau v\u00edi qu\u00a9n Th\u00b8i Lan. Vi\u00d6c \u00ae\u00e3 g\u00a9y hoang mang v\u00b5 b\u00cat b\u00d7nh trong binh l\u00ddnh ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t Nam v\u00b5 gia \u00ae\u00d7nh h\u00e4. Phong tr\u00b5o ch\u00e8ng chi\u00d5n tranh, ph\u00b6n \u00ae\u00e8i vi\u00d6c \u00aei\u00d2u ra m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn \u00ae\u00b7 lan r\u00e9ng v\u00b5 s\u00abi n\u00e6i trong binh l\u00ddnh ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Nam K\u00fa. Tr\u2212\u00edc t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh s\u00f4c s\u00abi \u00ae\u00e3, th\u00b8ng 7-1940, X\u00f8 u\u00fb Nam K\u00fa quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh ph\u00b6i t\u00ddch c\u00f9c chu\u00c8n b\u00de kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca. Nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00denh r\u00bbng cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00e3 ch\u2212a \u00ae\u2212\u00eec chu\u00c8n b\u00de chu \u00ae\u00b8o v\u00d2 m\u00e4i m\u00c6t, ch\u2212a c\u00e3 \u00ae\u00f1 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n kh\u00b8ch quan v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 quan, H\u00e9i ngh\u00de l\u00c7n th\u00f8 b\u00b6y Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng h\u00e4p th\u00b8ng 11-1940 \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh \u00ae\u00d7nh ch\u00d8 cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca v\u00b5 c\u00f6 \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Phan \u00a7\u00a8ng L\u2212u v\u00d2 truy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00b9t quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh c\u00f1a Trung \u2212\u00acng, nh\u2212ng l\u00d6nh kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ph\u00b8t \u00aei. \u00a7\u00aam 23-11-1940, cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6 ra. Nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e5n b\u00e8t \u00ae\u00dech b\u00de h\u00b9, nhi\u00d2u c\u00c7u c\u00e8ng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eang s\u00b8 b\u00de ph\u00b8... Ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00dech \u00eb m\u00e9t s\u00e8 x\u00b7 v\u00b5 qu\u00cbn hoang mang, tan r\u00b7. Ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng nh\u00f7ng n\u00aci \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp, \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n nh\u00f7ng quy\u00d2n d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, b\u00b6o v\u00d6 tr\u00de an, x\u00d0t x\u00f6 b\u00e4n ph\u00b6n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng... L\u00b8 c\u00ea \u00ae\u00e1 sao v\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00b7 xu\u00cat hi\u00d6n l\u00c7n \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan. Nh\u2212ng sau \u00ae\u00e3, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00aei\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e9ng l\u00f4c qu\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 c\u00b6 l\u00ddnh l\u00aa d\u2212\u00acng t\u00f5 B\u00bec K\u00fa v\u00b5o t\u00b5n s\u00b8t r\u00cat d\u00b7 man cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca. Cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam K\u00fa tuy th\u00cat b\u00b9i, nh\u2212ng \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00e1 r\u00e2 l\u00dfng c\u00a8m th\u00ef s\u00a9u s\u00bec c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi b\u00e4n th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, tinh th\u00c7n \u00ae\u00cau tranh v\u00ab c\u00efng anh d\u00f2ng c\u00f1a qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. Cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Nam K\u00fa c\u00efng v\u00edi cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca B\u00bec S\u00acn n\u00e6 ra tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ddt l\u00a9u l\u00b5 nh\u00f7ng ti\u00d5ng s\u00f3ng b\u00b8o hi\u00d6u cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c \u00aeang \u00ae\u00d5n, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n c\u00b8c d\u00a9n t\u00e9c \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b7 ki\u00aan quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00f8ng l\u00aan d\u00efng b\u00b9o l\u00f9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00d3 gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c kh\u00e1i \u00b8ch \u00b8p b\u00f8c c\u00f1a b\u00e4n th\u00f9c d\u00a9n v\u00b5 b\u00cc l\u00f2 tay sai. Tr.229.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 661 28. Kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca B\u00bec S\u00acn: N\u00e6 ra \u00ae\u00aam 27-9-1940 \u00eb B\u00bec S\u00acn (thu\u00e9c t\u00d8nh L\u00b9ng S\u00acn). L\u00f3c b\u00cay gi\u00ea, Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00c7u h\u00b5ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00a7\u00f8c \u00eb ch\u00ddnh qu\u00e8c, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng r\u00cat hoang mang dao \u00ae\u00e9ng. Khi qu\u00a9n Nh\u00cbt ti\u00d5n v\u00b5o L\u00b9ng S\u00acn, ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n tay sai Ph\u00b8p \u00eb \u00ae\u00a9y \u00ae\u00b7 tan r\u00b7 nhanh ch\u00e3ng. Ch\u00edp th\u00eai c\u00ac \u00ae\u00e3, \u00ae\u00b6ng b\u00e9 \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t \u00ae\u00e9ng kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca. Kho\u00b6ng 600 qu\u00a9n kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00e3 v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u00e5n M\u00e1 Nh\u00b5i, vi\u00aan tri ch\u00a9u ch\u00b9y tr\u00e8n, ng\u00f4y quy\u00d2n tan r\u00b7, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n l\u00b5m ch\u00f1 ch\u00a9u l\u00fe v\u00b5 c\u00b8c v\u00efng trong ch\u00a9u. \u00a7\u00e9i du k\u00ddch \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp. Nh\u2212ng sau \u00ae\u00e3, Nh\u00cbt - Ph\u00b8p l\u00b9i th\u00e1a hi\u00d6p v\u00edi nhau ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca. H\u00e9i ngh\u00de l\u00c7n th\u00f8 b\u00b6y Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (th\u00b8ng 11-1940) \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh duy tr\u00d7 \u00ae\u00e9i du k\u00ddch B\u00bec S\u00acn l\u00b5m n\u00dfng c\u00e8t x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang v\u00b5 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp c\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00ae\u00dea B\u00bec S\u00acn - V\u00f2 Nhai do Trung \u2212\u00acng tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o. Tr. 229. 29. B\u00b8o Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp: C\u00ac quan tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n c\u00f1a Ban Vi\u00d6t Minh t\u00d8nh Cao B\u00bbng, do Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp. M\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a t\u00ea b\u00b8o l\u00b5 \u201cc\u00e8t l\u00b5m cho d\u00a9n ta bi\u00d5t, bi\u00d5t c\u00b8c vi\u00d6c, bi\u00d5t \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t, \u00ae\u00c6ng \u00ae\u00b8nh T\u00a9y, \u00ae\u00b8nh Nh\u00cbt l\u00b5m cho Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp, b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00bcng t\u00f9 do\u201d (Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp, s\u00e8 101 (t\u00f8c s\u00e8 1), ng\u00b5y 1-8-1941). C\u00b8c b\u00b5i \u00ae\u00a8ng tr\u00aan b\u00b8o Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp lu\u00abn lu\u00abn ch\u00dca m\u00f2i nh\u00e4n v\u00b5o k\u00ce th\u00ef ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c l\u00b5 ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt - Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 b\u00e4n tay sai, t\u00e8 c\u00b8o nh\u00f7ng t\u00e9i \u00b8c d\u00b7 man c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00dech, k\u00dep th\u00eai v\u00b9ch tr\u00c7n nh\u00f7ng \u00a9m m\u2212u, th\u00f1 \u00aeo\u00b9n x\u00b6o quy\u00d6t c\u00f1a ch\u00f3ng tr\u00aan m\u00e4i l\u00dcnh v\u00f9c. T\u00ea b\u00b8o \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e6 \u00ae\u00e9ng m\u00e4i t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n tham gia c\u00b8c H\u00e9i C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c nh\u2212: N\u00abng d\u00a9n C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Ph\u00f4 n\u00f7 C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Thanh ni\u00aan C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c... B\u00b8o c\u00f2ng th\u2212\u00eang xuy\u00aan c\u00e3 c\u00b8c b\u00b5i ph\u00a9n t\u00ddch s\u00a9u s\u00bec, nh\u00b9y b\u00d0n v\u00d2 t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, gi\u00f3p cho c\u00b8n b\u00e9 v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n hi\u00d3u \u00ae\u00f3ng t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 h\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00f3ng v\u00edi ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng. Trong th\u00eai gian ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00eb Cao B\u00bbng, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh \u00ae\u00b7 d\u00b5nh cho b\u00b8o Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp s\u00f9 ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p v\u00b5 Ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00dfn tham gia duy\u00d6t b\u00b5i, vi\u00d5t b\u00b5i, c\u00e3 khi c\u00b6 vi\u00d6c tr\u00d7nh b\u00b5y, minh h\u00e4a v\u00b5 in b\u00b8o. Nhi\u00d2u th\u00ac ca c\u00f1a Ng\u2212\u00eai, l\u00c7n \u00ae\u00c7u in tr\u00aan b\u00b8o n\u00b5y v\u00b5 th\u2212\u00eang kh\u00abng k\u00fd t\u00aan. B\u00b8o Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p v\u00b5 tham gia c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh t\u00f5 s\u00e8 1, ng\u00b5y 1-8-1941 \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00b8ng 8-1942, Ng\u2212\u00eai ra n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i c\u00abng t\u00b8c, l\u00b5 tr\u00aan 30 s\u00e8, 400 b\u00b6n, m\u00e7i th\u00b8ng ra 3 s\u00e8, m\u00e7i s\u00e8 tr\u00aan 2 trang,","662 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP kh\u00e6 nh\u00e1, in \u00ae\u00b8. B\u00b8o Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp s\u00e8 1 \u00ae\u00b8nh s\u00e8 101 v\u00b5 ti\u00d5p theo 102, 103 v\u00edi \u00fd ngh\u00dca k\u00d5 t\u00f4c l\u00dech s\u00f6 c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng t\u00ea b\u00b8o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng ra \u00ae\u00eai t\u00f5 tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00e3. Sau khi Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh ra n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i c\u00abng t\u00b8c, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd Ph\u00b9m V\u00a8n \u00a7\u00e5ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ph\u00a9n c\u00abng tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o t\u00ea b\u00b8o \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00b8ng 4-1945. L\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp l\u00b5 c\u00f1a Ban Vi\u00d6t Minh t\u00d8nh Cao B\u00bbng. Sau n\u00b5y, c\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00ae\u00dea c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng m\u00eb r\u00e9ng ra hai t\u00d8nh Cao B\u00bbng v\u00b5 B\u00bec K\u00b9n, b\u00b8o Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh c\u00ac quan c\u00f1a li\u00aan t\u00d8nh b\u00e9 Vi\u00d6t Minh - Cao B\u00bbng - B\u00bec K\u00b9n, t\u00f5 s\u00e8 229 \u00ae\u00d5n s\u00e8 286 (t\u00f8c l\u00b5 s\u00e8 129 \u00ae\u00d5n s\u00e8 186), r\u00e5i li\u00aan t\u00d8nh b\u00e9 Vi\u00d6t Minh ba t\u00d8nh Cao B\u00bbng - B\u00bec K\u00b9n - L\u00b9ng S\u00acn, t\u00f5 s\u00e8 287 \u00ae\u00d5n s\u00e8 325 (t\u00f8c l\u00b5 s\u00e8 187 \u00ae\u00d5n s\u00e8 225). Sau C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m n\u00a8m 1945, b\u00b8o Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c xu\u00cat b\u00b6n \u00eb Cao - B\u00bec - L\u00b9ng, r\u00e5i Cao B\u00bbng. Tr.236. 30. M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Vi\u00d6t Minh (ho\u00c6c Vi\u00d6t Minh): L\u00b5 t\u00aan g\u00e4i t\u00bet c\u00f1a H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e5ng minh, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp t\u00b9i P\u00b8c B\u00e3 (Cao B\u00bbng), ng\u00b5y 19- 5-1941 theo s\u00b8ng ki\u00d5n c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh tr\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00e3 v\u00b5 theo Ngh\u00de quy\u00d5t H\u00e9i ngh\u00de l\u00c7n th\u00f8 t\u00b8m Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (th\u00b8ng 5- 1941), nh\u00bbm m\u00eb r\u00e9ng M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n t\u00e9c th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt. H\u00e9i g\u00e5m c\u00b8c th\u00b5nh vi\u00aan l\u00b5 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 c\u00b8c H\u00e9i C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c nh\u2212: C\u00abng nh\u00a9n C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, N\u00abng d\u00a9n C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Thanh ni\u00aan C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Ph\u00f4 n\u00f7 C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Qu\u00a9n nh\u00a9n C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Ph\u00f4 l\u00b7o C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Ph\u00cbt gi\u00b8o C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c, Nhi \u00ae\u00e5ng C\u00f8u qu\u00e8c,... \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 m\u00e9t m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n t\u00e9c th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i, t\u00cbp h\u00eep \u00ae\u00abng \u00ae\u00b6o c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n, c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8i ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 t\u00abn gi\u00b8o y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc, th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng h\u00efng m\u00b9nh \u00ae\u00d3 ch\u00e8ng k\u00ce th\u00ef ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c Vi\u00d6t Nam l\u00f3c \u00cay l\u00b5 th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt. Sau khi C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m n\u00a8m 1945 th\u00b5nh c\u00abng, theo ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng nh\u00bbm m\u00eb r\u00e9ng M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n t\u00e9c th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00d3 kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n v\u00b5 ki\u00d5n qu\u00e8c, H\u00e9i Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam ra \u00ae\u00eai (g\u00e4i t\u00bet l\u00b5 Li\u00aan Vi\u00d6t). Vi\u00d6t Minh \u00ae\u00b7 gia nh\u00cbp Li\u00aan Vi\u00d6t, c\u00efng nhau v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n tham gia cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p. Ng\u00b5y 5-3-1951, t\u00b9i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat d\u00a9n t\u00e9c to\u00b5n qu\u00e8c, \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat hai t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c Vi\u00d6t Minh v\u00b5 Li\u00aan Vi\u00d6t th\u00b5nh M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Li\u00aan - Vi\u00d6t. Khi cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p k\u00d5t th\u00f3c th\u00beng l\u00eei, \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b8p \u00f8ng t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh v\u00b5 nhi\u00d6m","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 663 v\u00f4 m\u00edi, th\u00b8ng 9-1955, M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Li\u00aan - Vi\u00d6t \u00ae\u2212\u00eec t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c l\u00b9i th\u00b5nh M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn T\u00e6 qu\u00e8c Vi\u00d6t Nam. Tr.242. 31. Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai (1939 - 1945): Cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh do b\u00e4n ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00a7\u00f8c, Italia, Nh\u00cbt g\u00a9y ra v\u00edi \u00a9m m\u2212u chia l\u00b9i th\u00de tr\u2212\u00eang th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00b5 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t, l\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c7u mang t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat chi\u00d5n tranh \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c, sau tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh chi\u00d5n tranh ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt c\u00f1a phe \u00a7\u00e5ng minh ch\u00e8ng phe tr\u00f4c ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt (\u00a7\u00f8c - Italia - Nh\u00cbt). V\u00edi quy m\u00ab v\u00b5 s\u00f9 \u00b8c li\u00d6t c\u00f1a n\u00e3, cu\u00e9c Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai \u00ae\u00b7 cu\u00e8n h\u00f3t 72 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00edi 1.700 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai v\u00b5o v\u00dfng chi\u00d5n. T\u00e6ng s\u00e8 qu\u00a9n tham chi\u00d5n l\u00b5 110 tri\u00d6u. Lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b6i ch\u00deu m\u00e9t tai h\u00e4a r\u00cat kh\u00f1ng khi\u00d5p, 60 tri\u00d6u ng\u2212\u00eai b\u00de ch\u00d5t, chi\u00d5n s\u00f9 di\u00d4n ra tr\u00aan l\u00b7nh th\u00e6 c\u00f1a h\u00acn 40 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00edi m\u00e9t kh\u00e8i l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00f1a c\u00b6i v\u00cbt ch\u00cat kh\u00e6ng l\u00e5 t\u00edi 316 t\u00d8 \u00ae\u00abla, b\u00de chi\u00d5n tranh ti\u00aau h\u00f1y. Chi\u00d5n tranh k\u00d5t th\u00f3c v\u00edi s\u00f9 th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng \u00a7\u00e5ng minh. C\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de ti\u00aau di\u00d6t. Li\u00aan X\u00ab kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00b7 gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00beng l\u00eei v\u00ce vang trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh gi\u00f7 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i (1941 - 1945) m\u00b5 c\u00dfn tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng cho nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00a2u kh\u00e1i tai h\u00e4a ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. Th\u00beng l\u00eei \u00cay \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00b9o \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n cho nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00b8 gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00beng l\u00eei trong s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. Tr.245. 32. \u00a7\u00e5ng minh: Li\u00aan minh c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt trong cu\u00e9c Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai (1939 - 1945), h\u00d7nh th\u00b5nh v\u00b5o cu\u00e8i n\u00a8m 1941 \u00ae\u00c7u n\u00a8m 1942. Th\u00b8ng 1-1942, t\u00b9i Oasinht\u00acn (M\u00fc), 26 n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00e5ng minh, trong \u00ae\u00e3 c\u00e3 Li\u00aan X\u00ab, Anh, M\u00fc k\u00fd chung v\u00b5o b\u00b6n Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec v\u00b5 b\u00b6o \u00ae\u00b6m trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh n\u00b5y kh\u00abng c\u00e3 s\u00f9 gi\u00b6ng h\u00dfa ri\u00aang r\u00cf. Nh\u2212ng m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch c\u00f1a vi\u00d6c k\u00fd Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn \u00ae\u00e3 r\u00cat kh\u00b8c nhau. Li\u00aan X\u00ab k\u00fd Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn nh\u00bbm m\u00f4c \u00ae\u00ddch ti\u00aau di\u00d6t ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, kh\u00abi ph\u00f4c ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 \u00eb ch\u00a9u \u00a2u. C\u00dfn M\u00fc v\u00b5 Anh k\u00fd Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn nh\u00bbm \u00ae\u00b8nh b\u00b9i th\u00d5 l\u00f9c c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00f8c v\u00b5 Nh\u00cbt \u00ae\u00d3 x\u00b8c l\u00cbp quy\u00d2n b\u00b8 ch\u00f1 th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. V\u00d2 sau, c\u00b8c Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 M\u00fc v\u00b5 Anh \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b6n b\u00e9i \u00a7\u00e5ng minh, ph\u00b8 ho\u00b9i t\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c \u00aei\u00d2u kho\u00b6n trong Tuy\u00aan ng\u00abn. Tr. 248. 33. V\u00f4 binh bi\u00d5n \u00a7\u00ab L\u2212\u00acng: Cu\u00e9c b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a binh l\u00ddnh Vi\u00d6t Nam trong qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, do Nguy\u00d4n V\u00a8n Cung (c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 \u00a7\u00e9i Cung) l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o, n\u00e6 ra ng\u00b5y 13-1-1941. Binh l\u00ddnh y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00e6i d\u00cby","664 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP \u00ae\u00b8nh chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u00e5n Ch\u00ee R\u00b9ng (\u00a7\u00ab L\u2212\u00acng, Ngh\u00d6 An) v\u00b5 sau \u00ae\u00e3 ti\u00d5n v\u00d2 \u00ae\u00b8nh chi\u00d5m Vinh. Nh\u2212ng k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch b\u00de l\u00e9, nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai tham gia b\u00b9o \u00ae\u00e9ng b\u00de b\u00bet, cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i. Tr. 250. 34. L\u00dech s\u00f6 n\u2212\u00edc ta: T\u00cbp di\u00d4n ca l\u00dech s\u00f6 do Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh vi\u00d5t v\u00b5o kho\u00b6ng cu\u00e8i n\u00a8m 1941, t\u00b9i Cao B\u00bbng. Hi\u00d6n nay, B\u00b6o t\u00b5ng C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam c\u00dfn gi\u00f7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec m\u00e9t s\u00e8 b\u00b6n in cu\u00e8n L\u00dech s\u00f6 n\u2212\u00edc ta xu\u00cat b\u00b6n n\u00a8m 1942, n\u00a8m 1947 v\u00b5 n\u00a8m 1949. B\u00b6n in nh\u00f7ng l\u00c7n sau so v\u00edi b\u00b6n in n\u00a8m 1942, c\u00e3 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00e6 sung v\u00b5 s\u00f6a ch\u00f7a. Nh\u2212ng do ch\u2212a x\u00b8c minh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ng\u2212\u00eai s\u00f6a t\u00b8c ph\u00c8m n\u00b5y n\u00aan b\u00b5i L\u00dech s\u00f6 n\u2212\u00edc ta in trong t\u00cbp 3 n\u00b5y theo \u00ae\u00f3ng v\u00a8n b\u00b6n do B\u00e9 Tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Minh xu\u00cat b\u00b6n th\u00b8ng 2-1942, \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai c\u00e3 ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch m\u00e9t s\u00e8 \u00aei\u00d3m thu\u00e9c v\u00d2 l\u00dech s\u00f6 v\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 \u00aei\u00d3m m\u00b5 c\u00b8c b\u00b6n in sau n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 s\u00f6a ch\u00f7a ho\u00c6c b\u00e6 sung. T\u00cbp di\u00d4n ca l\u00dech s\u00f6 n\u00b5y \u00ae\u2212\u00eec vi\u00d5t \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00b5m t\u00b5i li\u00d6u h\u00e4c t\u00cbp cho c\u00b8n b\u00e9 trong c\u00b8c l\u00edp hu\u00can luy\u00d6n \u00eb chi\u00d5n khu th\u00eai \u00ae\u00e3 v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ph\u00e6 bi\u00d5n r\u00e9ng r\u00b7i trong nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta, nh\u00bbm gi\u00b8o d\u00f4c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e9ng vi\u00aan m\u00e4i ng\u2212\u00eai ph\u00b8t huy truy\u00d2n th\u00e8ng l\u00dech s\u00f6 v\u00ce vang c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, g\u00e3p ph\u00c7n chu\u00c8n b\u00de cho cu\u00e9c C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m n\u00a8m 1945. L\u00dech s\u00f6 n\u2212\u00edc ta \u00ae\u00b7 in s\u00a9u v\u00b5o t\u00a9m tr\u00dd c\u00f1a nhi\u00d2u \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e5ng b\u00b5o ta, c\u00e3 ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00d5n nay v\u00c9n c\u00dfn thu\u00e9c l\u00dfng to\u00b5n v\u00a8n ho\u00c6c t\u00f5ng \u00aeo\u00b9n c\u00f1a t\u00cbp di\u00d4n ca n\u00b5y. Tr. 257. 35. Chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt du k\u00ddch: M\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng t\u00b8c ph\u00c8m \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh vi\u00d5t v\u00d2 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9. Hi\u00d6n nay m\u00edi t\u00d7m th\u00cay cu\u00e8n Chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt du k\u00ddch (quy\u00d3n II) do Vi\u00d6t Minh xu\u00cat b\u00b6n n\u00a8m 1942. Ngo\u00b5i ra c\u00dfn th\u00cay cu\u00e8n Chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt du k\u00ddch (quy\u00d3n IV) do Vi\u00d6t Minh xu\u00cat b\u00b6n n\u00a8m 1944 (vi\u00d5t v\u00d2: ph\u00dfng ng\u00f9, \u00ae\u00b8nh \u00aeu\u00e6i, r\u00f3t lui) v\u00b5 Chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt du k\u00ddch (T\u00f1 s\u00b8ch gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng) do Vi\u00d6t Minh xu\u00cat b\u00b6n n\u00a8m 1945 (vi\u00d5t v\u00d2: C\u00abng t\u00b8c ph\u00b8 ho\u00b9i in k\u00ccm \u00a7i\u00d2u l\u00d6 c\u00f1a Ti\u00d3u t\u00e6 du k\u00ddch). Cu\u00e8n Chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt du k\u00ddch (quy\u00d3n II) xu\u00cat b\u00b6n n\u00a8m 1942 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Vi\u00d6t Minh xu\u00cat b\u00b6n l\u00b9i n\u00a8m 1944 d\u2212\u00edi t\u00aan g\u00e4i l\u00b5 C\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00b8nh du k\u00ddch (quy\u00d3n II). \u00a7\u00d5n th\u00b8ng 11-1945, cu\u00e8n s\u00b8ch n\u00b5y \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Vi\u00d6t Minh Ngh\u00d6 An t\u00b8i b\u00b6n. C\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00b8nh du k\u00ddch (quy\u00d3n II) c\u00e3 n\u00e9i dung \u00ae\u00f3ng nh\u2212 Chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt du k\u00ddch (quy\u00d3n II) xu\u00cat b\u00b6n n\u00a8m 1942.","ch\u00f3 th\u00ddch 665 T\u00cat c\u00b6 c\u00b8c cu\u00e8n s\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00d7m th\u00cay \u00ae\u00d2u vi\u00d5t ng\u00ben g\u00e4n, gi\u00b6n d\u00de nh\u2212ng \u00ae\u00c7y \u00ae\u00f1, ph\u00ef h\u00eep v\u00edi vi\u00d6c hu\u00can luy\u00d6n qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 v\u00b5 \u00aei\u00d2u ki\u00d6n ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a th\u00eai k\u00fa n\u00b5y. Chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt du k\u00ddch do Vi\u00d6t Minh xu\u00cat b\u00b6n th\u00b8ng 5-1944 l\u00b5 s\u00f9 t\u00e6ng h\u00eep v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n n\u00e9i dung c\u00f1a c\u00b8c cu\u00e8n tr\u00aan. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 cu\u00e8n s\u00b8ch chi ti\u00d5t nh\u00cat v\u00d2 chi\u00d5n tranh du k\u00ddch, g\u00e5m 13 ch\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng \u00ae\u00d3 hu\u00can luy\u00d6n cho c\u00b8n b\u00e9 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 (T\u00f1 s\u00b8ch c\u00b8n b\u00e9) trong th\u00eai gian chu\u00c8n b\u00de cho C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m n\u00a8m 1945. Tr.285. 36. Nh\u00cbt k\u00fd trong t\u00ef: Th\u00b8ng 8-1942, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh t\u00f5 Cao B\u00bbng sang Trung Qu\u00e8c v\u00edi danh ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp \u00ae\u00e5ng minh v\u00b5 Ph\u00a9n b\u00e9 Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 ch\u00e8ng x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00d3 tranh th\u00f1 s\u00f9 \u00f1ng h\u00e9 c\u00f1a qu\u00e8c t\u00d5. Sau khi \u00ae\u00d5n T\u00f3c Vinh (m\u00e9t th\u00de tr\u00can thu\u00e9c huy\u00d6n T\u00dcnh T\u00a9y, Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y, Trung Qu\u00e8c), Ng\u2212\u00eai b\u00de ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch b\u00bet giam. Trong h\u00acn m\u00e9t n\u00a8m tr\u00eai, Ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00c7n l\u2212\u00eet b\u00de giam trong kho\u00b6ng 30 nh\u00b5 t\u00ef c\u00f1a 13 huy\u00d6n \u00eb t\u00d8nh Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y. Trong th\u00eai gian n\u00b5y, Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 ghi Nh\u00cbt k\u00fd trong t\u00ef, b\u00bbng ch\u00f7 H\u00b8n. T\u00cbp Nh\u00cbt k\u00fd g\u00e5m 134 b\u00b5i, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ghi v\u00b5o m\u00e9t cu\u00e8n s\u00e6 tay, b\u00d7a m\u00b5u xanh, trang \u00ae\u00c7u c\u00e3 v\u00cf h\u00d7nh hai c\u00b8nh tay b\u00de x\u00ddch k\u00ccm theo b\u00e8n c\u00a9u th\u00ac: \u201cTh\u00a9n th\u00d3 \u00eb trong lao, Tinh th\u00c7n \u00eb ngo\u00b5i lao; Mu\u00e8n n\u00aan s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p l\u00edn, Tinh th\u00c7n c\u00b5ng ph\u00b6i cao\u201d. Nh\u00cbt k\u00fd trong t\u00ef l\u00aan \u00b8n ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 nh\u00b5 t\u00ef h\u00b5 kh\u00bec c\u00f1a ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch v\u00b5 th\u00d3 hi\u00d6n tinh th\u00c7n ch\u00deu \u00ae\u00f9ng gian kh\u00e6, kh\u00bec ph\u00f4c kh\u00e3 kh\u00a8n, tinh th\u00c7n l\u00b9c quan c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00b5 t\u00d7nh c\u00b6m nh\u00a9n \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca cao \u00ae\u00d1p c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh. \u00a7\u00e3 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t t\u00b8c ph\u00c8m v\u00a8n h\u00e4c l\u00edn c\u00f1a m\u00e9t chi\u00d5n s\u00dc c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i. Tr.303. 37. Ch\u00d8 th\u00de th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam Tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng qu\u00a9n: Th\u00b8ng 12-1944, tr\u00aan c\u00ac s\u00eb l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de c\u00f1a c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n m\u00b9nh v\u00b5 l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n \u00aeang h\u00d7nh th\u00b5nh, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh ra Ch\u00d8 th\u00de th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam Tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng qu\u00a9n. Th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00d8 th\u00de c\u00f1a Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh, \u00a7\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam Tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp ng\u00b5y 22-12-1944, t\u00b9i khu r\u00f5ng","666 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP Tr\u00c7n H\u2212ng \u00a7\u00b9o, Nguy\u00aan B\u00d7nh, Cao B\u00bbng (nay thu\u00e9c x\u00b7 C\u00c8m L\u00fd, huy\u00d6n Ho\u00b5 An, t\u00d8nh Cao B\u00bbng). B\u00b6n Ch\u00d8 th\u00de th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam Tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng qu\u00a9n l\u00b5 m\u00e9t t\u00b5i li\u00d6u ng\u00ben g\u00e4n, s\u00f3c t\u00ddch, c\u00e3 t\u00ddnh ch\u00cat nh\u2212 m\u00e9t c\u2212\u00acng l\u00dcnh qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 v\u00ben t\u00bet, bao g\u00e5m nh\u00f7ng v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u trong \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng nh\u2212: v\u00f2 trang to\u00b5n d\u00a9n, kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n to\u00b5n d\u00a9n, nguy\u00aan t\u00bec v\u00b5 ph\u2212\u00acng ch\u00a9m x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00e9i qu\u00a9n ch\u00f1 l\u00f9c v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng, ph\u2212\u00acng th\u00f8c ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng k\u00d5t h\u00eep qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 v\u00edi ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, nguy\u00aan t\u00bec t\u00b8c chi\u00d5n c\u00f1a l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n. Tr.539.","667 B\u00b6N CH\u00d8 D\u00c9N T\u00a3N NG\u00a6\u00eaI A \u00a1NGGHEN, Phri\u00aer\u00ddch (1820 - 1895): Ng\u2212\u00eai th\u00c7y v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n, ng\u2212\u00eai b\u00b9n chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau th\u00a9n thi\u00d5t c\u00f1a C.M\u00b8c. C\u00efng v\u00edi C.M\u00b8c, Ph.\u00a1ngghen \u00ae\u00b7 x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng l\u00fd lu\u00cbn ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n khoa h\u00e4c v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00cau tranh cho s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n. Ph.\u00a1ngghen kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i, m\u00b5 c\u00dfn l\u00b5 m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 tri\u00d5t h\u00e4c, nh\u00b5 kinh t\u00d5 h\u00e4c, nh\u00b5 s\u00f6 h\u00e4c, nh\u00b5 khoa h\u00e4c t\u00f9 nhi\u00aan v\u00b5 khoa h\u00e4c qu\u00a9n s\u00f9; nh\u00b5 v\u00a8n, nh\u00b5 ng\u00abn ng\u00f7 h\u00e4c, v.v.. Ph.\u00a1ngghen \u00ae\u00b7 k\u00d5t h\u00eep s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o th\u00f9c ti\u00d4n phong tr\u00b5o c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng th\u00d5 gi\u00edi v\u00edi c\u00abng t\u00b8c l\u00fd lu\u00cbn s\u00a9u s\u00bec. Sau khi C.M\u00b8c m\u00cat, \u00abng ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c ho\u00b5n th\u00b5nh v\u00b5 xu\u00cat b\u00b6n c\u00b8c c\u00abng tr\u00d7nh l\u00fd lu\u00cbn c\u00f1a C.M\u00b8c; l\u00b5m c\u00e8 v\u00can v\u00b5 l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ch\u00a9u \u00a2u. Ph.\u00a1ngghen \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh kh\u00abng khoan nh\u2212\u00eeng ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00ac h\u00e9i trong c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng c\u00abng nh\u00a9n, v\u00b9ch tr\u00c7n v\u00b5 ph\u00aa ph\u00b8n k\u00dech li\u00d6t nh\u00f7ng khuy\u00d5t \u00aei\u00d3m c\u00f1a nh\u00f7ng \u00ae\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00e3, gi\u00f3p c\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00e3 c\u00e3 m\u00e9t ph\u2212\u00acng h\u2212\u00edng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben. B B\u00b5 TRI\u00d6U: T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Tri\u00d6u Th\u00de Trinh, qu\u00aa \u00eb huy\u00d6n Tri\u00d6u S\u00acn, t\u00d8nh Thanh Ho\u00b8. N\u00a8m 19 tu\u00e6i (n\u00a8m 248), b\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00efng anh l\u00b5 Tri\u00d6u Qu\u00e8c \u00a7\u00b9t l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec nh\u00b5 H\u00b8n (Trung Qu\u00e8c).","668 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP Cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca l\u00b5m cho qu\u00a9n gi\u00c6c lo s\u00ee v\u00b5 t\u00d7m m\u00e4i c\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p. B\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 hy sinh oanh li\u00d6t trong tr\u00cbn chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau \u00eb n\u00f3i T\u00efng, x\u00b7 Tri\u00d6u L\u00e9c, huy\u00d6n H\u00cbu L\u00e9c, t\u00d8nh Thanh Ho\u00b8. \u00a7\u00d5n nay, \u00eb \u00ae\u00a9y v\u00c9n c\u00dfn l\u00a8ng m\u00e9 v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d2n th\u00ea B\u00b5 Tri\u00d6u. B\u00b9CH S\u00efNG Hy (bi\u00d6t hi\u00d6u l\u00b5 Ti\u00d3u Gia C\u00b8t) (ch\u2212a r\u00e2 n\u00a8m sinh, n\u00a8m m\u00cat): M\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng t\u00d8nh Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y. B\u00b9ch S\u00efng Hy \u00ae\u00b7 h\u00e4c \u00eb Tr\u2212\u00eang l\u00f4c qu\u00a9n s\u00ac c\u00cap t\u00d8nh Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y, Tr\u2212\u00eang qu\u00a9n ph\u00b8p ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y; sau khi gia nh\u00cbp Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng n\u00a8m 1924, \u00ae\u00b6m nhi\u00d6m ch\u00f8c T\u00e6ng Tham m\u2212u tr\u2212\u00ebng li\u00aan qu\u00a9n, ki\u00aam T\u00e6ng Ch\u00d8 huy ti\u00d2n ph\u2212\u00acng, Tham m\u2212u tr\u2212\u00ebng Qu\u00a9n \u00aeo\u00b5n 2 Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y. N\u00a8m 1924, sau khi ti\u00d5n qu\u00a9n v\u00b5o Th\u2212\u00eeng H\u00b6i, ki\u00aam nhi\u00d6m T\u2212 l\u00d6nh qu\u00a9n c\u00b6nh v\u00d6 T\u00efng H\u00e9, B\u00b9ch S\u00efng Hy \u00aei theo T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch nh\u2212ng l\u00b9i c\u00e3 m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00edi T\u2212\u00ebng. Trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y c\u00f1a T\u2212\u00ebng, B\u00b9ch S\u00efng Hy \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00cat b\u00b9i, ph\u00b6i tr\u00e8n v\u00d2 H\u2212\u00acng C\u00b6ng. Sau \u00ae\u00e3, h\u00dfa gi\u00b6i v\u00edi T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch, n\u00aan B\u00b9ch S\u00efng Hy \u00ae\u2212\u00eec T\u2212\u00ebng giao \u00ae\u00b6m nhi\u00d6m ch\u00f8c Ph\u00e3 T\u00e6ng t\u2212 l\u00d6nh L\u00e9 qu\u00a9n th\u00f8 5 v\u00b5 B\u00e9 tr\u2212\u00ebng B\u00e9 Qu\u00e8c ph\u00dfng. N\u00a8m 1948, tr\u2212\u00edc s\u00f9 t\u00can c\u00abng c\u00f1a Qu\u00a9n gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c, B\u00b9ch S\u00efng Hy b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i \u00eb m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn Qu\u00b6ng T\u00a9y, ph\u00b6i tr\u00e8n sang Vi\u00d6t Nam, sau \u00ae\u00e3 tr\u00e8n ra \u00a7\u00b5i Loan c\u00efng T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch. B\u00b6o \u00a7\u00b9i (1913 - 1997): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Nguy\u00aan Ph\u00f3c V\u00dcnh Th\u00f4y (c\u00dfn c\u00e3 t\u00aan l\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n Ph\u00f3c Thi\u00d3n, t\u00f4c danh M\u00d6 V\u00f7ng), \u00abng vua cu\u00e8i c\u00efng c\u00f1a tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh phong ki\u00d5n Nguy\u00d4n; l\u00aan ng\u00abi n\u00a8m 1926, tho\u00b8i v\u00de v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 8-1945. T\u00f5 th\u00b8ng 9-1945, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh m\u00eai l\u00b5m C\u00e8 v\u00can c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 l\u00a9m th\u00eai n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng ho\u00b5. Th\u00b8ng 3- 1946, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 sang Tr\u00efng Kh\u00b8nh th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch ngo\u00b9i giao h\u00dfa h\u00b6o c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta v\u00edi ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch. Sau chuy\u00d5n \u00aei n\u00b5y, \u00abng kh\u00abng v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d5n C\u00abn Minh, r\u00e5i sang H\u00e5ng C\u00abng. N\u00a8m 1949, B\u00b6o \u00a7\u00b9i \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u2212a v\u00d2 Vi\u00d6t Nam l\u00b5m Qu\u00e8c tr\u2212\u00ebng b\u00ef nh\u00d7n. Th\u00b8ng 10-1955, b\u00bbng \u201ctr\u2212ng c\u00c7u d\u00a9n \u00fd\u201d, M\u00fc \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00d5 tru\u00cat B\u00b6o \u00a7\u00b9i v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212a Ng\u00ab \u00a7\u00d7nh Di\u00d6m l\u00aan thay. D DUY T\u00a2N (1900 - 1945): T\u00f8c Nguy\u00d4n V\u00dcnh San, v\u00de vua th\u00f8 11 nh\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n, t\u00b9i v\u00de t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1907 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1916. Duy T\u00a9n l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 c\u00e3","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 669 tinh th\u00c7n d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. N\u00a8m 1916, c\u00efng Th\u00b8i Phi\u00aan v\u00b5 Tr\u00c7n Cao V\u00a9n trong t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c Vi\u00d6t Nam Quang ph\u00f4c H\u00e9i d\u00f9a v\u00b5o s\u00e8 binh l\u00ddnh b\u00de m\u00e9 sang Ph\u00b8p t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00eb Hu\u00d5 v\u00b5 mi\u00d2n Nam Trung K\u00fa. C\u00abng vi\u00d6c b\u00de b\u00b9i l\u00e9, kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca kh\u00abng th\u00b5nh, Duy T\u00a9n b\u00de th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b5y sang \u00ae\u00b6o R\u00aauyni\u00abng (ch\u00a9u Phi). Duy T\u00a9n l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai ham h\u00e4c v\u00b5 c\u00e3 \u00fd ch\u00dd. Trong Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai, \u00abng gia nh\u00cbp qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i \u00a7\u00e5ng minh ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt; n\u00a8m 1945, m\u00cat v\u00d7 tai n\u00b9n m\u00b8y bay \u00eb ch\u00a9u Phi. D\u2212\u00acng B\u00b9ch Mai (1904 - 1964): Nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de. Tham gia \u00a7\u00b6ng Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp do m\u00e9t s\u00e8 nh\u00b5 y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp t\u00b9i Ph\u00b8p, \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p. N\u00a8m 1929, \u00abng h\u00e4c Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c \u00a7\u00abng Ph\u2212\u00acng Staline. Trong nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 30 c\u00f1a th\u00d5 k\u00fb XX, \u00abng tr\u00eb v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 t\u00ddch c\u00f9c tham gia c\u00b8c ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, b\u00de \u00ae\u00dech b\u00bet v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b5y \u00aei C\u00abn \u00a7\u00b6o. \u00a7\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1945, \u00abng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng v\u00de l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o gi\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n t\u00b9i S\u00b5i G\u00dfn. Sau C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m n\u00a8m 1945, \u00abng ph\u00f4 tr\u00b8ch c\u00abng t\u00b8c an ninh trong X\u00f8 \u00f1y Nam B\u00e9 (l\u00a9m th\u00eai). N\u00a8m 1946, \u00abng l\u00b5 th\u00b5nh vi\u00aan c\u00f1a Ph\u00b8i \u00aeo\u00b5n Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00aei d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de tr\u00ef b\u00de \u00a7\u00b5 L\u00b9t. \u00a7 \u00a7\u00eaCU, Gi\u00a8ng (1884 - 1963): Ch\u00ddnh kh\u00b8ch Ph\u00b8p, l\u00b5 To\u00b5n quy\u00d2n Ph\u00b8p \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1940. \u00a7\u00eacu \u00ae\u00b7 thi h\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch h\u00eep t\u00b8c v\u00edi ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt, nh\u00a9n nh\u2212\u00eeng cho ch\u00f3ng nh\u00f7ng quy\u00d2n l\u00eei v\u00d2 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9, ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, kinh t\u00d5. Nh\u2212ng \u00ae\u00d5n \u00ae\u00c7u n\u00a8m 1945, \u00ae\u00d2 ph\u00dfng nguy c\u00ac b\u00de qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i \u00a7\u00e5ng minh \u00ae\u00e6 b\u00e9 v\u00b5o \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, b\u00e4n ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt Nh\u00cbt \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00b6o ch\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00aam m\u00e5ng 9-3-1945, b\u00bet gi\u00f7 to\u00b5n quy\u00d2n \u00a7\u00eacu. G GIA LONG (1762 - 1820): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n Ph\u00f3c \u00b8nh, th\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u2212\u00eec g\u00e4i l\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8nh, \u00ae\u00b9i di\u00d6n c\u00f1a th\u00d5 l\u00f9c \u00ae\u00dea ch\u00f1 phong ki\u00d5n \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de phong tr\u00b5o T\u00a9y S\u00acn l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6. \u00a7\u00d3 ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i T\u00a9y S\u00acn, kh\u00abi ph\u00f4c ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 phong ki\u00d5n, Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8nh \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00c7u c\u00f8u qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Xi\u00aam (1784); \u00f1ng h\u00e9","670 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Thanh; c\u00a9u k\u00d5t v\u00edi t\u2212 b\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 k\u00fd v\u00edi Ph\u00b8p b\u00b6n hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc n\u00a8m 1787. B\u00b6n hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc g\u00e5m 10 kho\u00b6n, n\u00e9i dung ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u l\u00b5: Nh\u2212\u00eeng h\u00bcn cho Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00b6o C\u00abn L\u00abn, c\u00f6a bi\u00d3n H\u00e9i An v\u00b5 cam k\u00d5t \u00ae\u00d3 cho t\u2212 b\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p n\u00bem \u00ae\u00e9c quy\u00d2n bu\u00abn b\u00b8n tr\u00aan c\u00b6 n\u2212\u00edc, cung c\u00cap binh l\u00ddnh v\u00b5 l\u2212\u00acng th\u00f9c cho Ph\u00b8p khi c\u00e3 chi\u00d5n tranh; Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p nh\u00cbn gi\u00f3p Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8nh 4 t\u00b5u chi\u00d5n v\u00b5 m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00e9i qu\u00a9n ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i phong tr\u00b5o T\u00a9y S\u00acn. Sau khi \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p \u00ae\u2212\u00eec phong tr\u00b5o T\u00a9y S\u00acn (1802), Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8nh l\u00aan ng\u00abi, hi\u00d6u l\u00b5 Gia Long, m\u00eb \u00ae\u00c7u nh\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n, tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00b9i phong ki\u00d5n cu\u00e8i c\u00efng \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam. H HAI B\u00b5 TR\u00a6NG (Tr\u2212ng Tr\u00bec v\u00b5 Tr\u2212ng Nh\u00de): Th\u00b8ng 3 n\u00a8m 40, Hai B\u00b5 Tr\u2212ng ph\u00cat c\u00ea kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng gi\u00c6c phong ki\u00d5n \u00a7\u00abng H\u00b8n t\u00f5 ph\u2212\u00acng B\u00bec x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec v\u00b5 th\u00e8ng tr\u00de n\u2212\u00edc ta. Phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u2212\u00eec nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n kh\u00bep n\u00aci h\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng. Ch\u00d8 trong m\u00e9t th\u00eai gian ng\u00ben, 65 huy\u00d6n th\u00b5nh, t\u00f8c l\u00b5 to\u00b5n b\u00e9 n\u2212\u00edc ta h\u00e5i \u00ae\u00e3, \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng. Tr\u2212ng Tr\u00bec \u00ae\u2212\u00eec suy t\u00abn l\u00b5m vua (Tr\u2212ng V\u2212\u00acng) \u00ae\u00e3ng \u00ae\u00ab \u00eb M\u00aa Linh (nay thu\u00e9c huy\u00d6n M\u00aa Linh, t\u00d8nh V\u00dcnh Ph\u00f3c). Sau ba n\u00a8m gi\u00b5nh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp t\u00f9 ch\u00f1, n\u2212\u00edc ta b\u00de nh\u00b5 H\u00b8n \u00ae\u00ab h\u00e9. Kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a Hai B\u00b5 Tr\u2212ng - cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ta, \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00d3 l\u00b9i m\u00e9t trang s\u00f6 v\u00ce vang trong cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh ch\u00e8ng x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b5nh quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp cho d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. H\u00ddTLE, A\u00ae\u00abnpho (1889 - 1945): C\u00c7m \u00ae\u00c7u \u00a7\u00b6ng Qu\u00e8c x\u00b7 \u00a7\u00f8c (\u00ae\u00b6ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt), Qu\u00e8c tr\u2212\u00ebng, T\u00e6ng t\u2212 l\u00d6nh c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang c\u00f1a n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00f8c ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. N\u00a8m 1920, H\u00ddtle t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ra \u00a7\u00b6ng Qu\u00e8c x\u00b7; n\u00a8m 1933, l\u00aan c\u00c7m quy\u00d2n v\u00b5 thi\u00d5t l\u00cbp ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9c t\u00b5i kh\u00f1ng b\u00e8 \u00eb \u00a7\u00f8c; n\u00a8m 1939, g\u00a9y ra Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai; n\u00a8m 1945, tr\u2212\u00edc th\u00beng l\u00eei c\u00f1a Li\u00aan X\u00ab v\u00b5 c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc \u00a7\u00e5ng minh ch\u00e8ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt, H\u00ddtle \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f9 s\u00b8t.","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 671 HO\u00b5NG HOA TH\u00b8M (1862 - 1913): T\u00f8c \u00a7\u00d2 Th\u00b8m, l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 c\u00f1a ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n Y\u00aan Th\u00d5. Xu\u00cat th\u00a9n t\u00f5 m\u00e9t gia \u00ae\u00d7nh n\u00abng d\u00a9n qu\u00aa \u00eb huy\u00d6n Ti\u00aan L\u00f7, t\u00d8nh H\u2212ng Y\u00aan, \u00ae\u00b7 tham gia nhi\u00d2u cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p. N\u00a8m 1888, \u00abng tham gia phong tr\u00b5o kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca n\u00abng d\u00a9n Y\u00aan Th\u00d5 (B\u00bec Giang), m\u00e9t phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc quy\u00d5t li\u00d6t v\u00b5 b\u00d2n b\u00d8 c\u00f1a n\u00abng d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam. D\u00f2ng c\u00b6m, c\u00e3 t\u00b5i, bi\u00d5t thu ph\u00f4c l\u00dfng ng\u2212\u00eai n\u00aan \u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh th\u00f1 l\u00dcnh c\u00f1a ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n. D\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a \u00abng, ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00b7 g\u00a9y cho \u00ae\u00dech r\u00cat nhi\u00d2u t\u00e6n th\u00cat v\u00b5 l\u00b5m cho ch\u00f3ng ph\u00b6i lo ng\u00b9i. N\u00a8m 1913, \u00abng b\u00de b\u00e4n tay sai c\u00f1a th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00b8m h\u00b9i. Ho\u00b5ng Qu\u00e8c Vi\u00d6t (1905 - 1992): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 H\u00b9 B\u00b8 Cang, qu\u00aa \u00a7\u00b8p C\u00c7u, V\u00e2 Gi\u00b5ng, B\u00bec Ninh. Tham gia c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1925 v\u00b5 gia nh\u00cbp H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan n\u00a8m 1928. N\u00a8m 1930, l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng l\u00a9m th\u00eai c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. N\u00a8m 1937, l\u00b5 Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 X\u00f8 \u00f1y B\u00bec K\u00fa. N\u00a8m 1941, l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. N\u00a8m 1945, l\u00b5 \u00f1y vi\u00aan Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Trung \u2212\u00acng. T\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1951 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1957, l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de \u00a7\u00b6ng Lao \u00ae\u00e9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam v\u00b5 l\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech T\u00e6ng C\u00abng \u00aeo\u00b5n Vi\u00d6t Nam. N\u00a8m 1960, l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng, Vi\u00d6n tr\u2212\u00ebng Vi\u00d6n Ki\u00d3m s\u00b8t nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n t\u00e8i cao, Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00f1y ban Trung \u2212\u00acng M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn T\u00e6 qu\u00e8c Vi\u00d6t Nam. N\u00a8m 1976, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u l\u00b9i v\u00b5o Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng. N\u00a8m 1977, \u00abng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u l\u00b5m Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00a7o\u00b5n Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech U\u00fb ban Trung \u2212\u00acng M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn T\u00e6 qu\u00e8c Vi\u00d6t Nam. N\u00a8m 1983, l\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech U\u00fb ban Trung \u2212\u00acng M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn T\u00e6 qu\u00e8c Vi\u00d6t Nam. L LAVAN, Pier\u00ac (1883 - 1945): Ngh\u00de s\u00dc Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p trong th\u00eai gian 1914 - 1919 v\u00b5 1924 - 1927; Th\u00f1 t\u2212\u00edng n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p trong nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1931 - 1932 v\u00b5 1935 - 1936. Khi Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai b\u00efng n\u00e6, P. Lavan l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai thay m\u00c6t Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 P\u00aatanh k\u00fd \u201cHi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc h\u00dfa b\u00d7nh\u201d \u00ae\u00c7u h\u00b5ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt \u00a7\u00f8c, tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 b\u00ef nh\u00d7n Visi (1942 - 1944).","672 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP Khi n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng (1944), P. Lavan b\u00e1 ch\u00b9y ra n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i. Th\u00b8ng 8-1945, P. Lavan b\u00de Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 \u00b8o trao tr\u00b6 cho Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 b\u00de x\u00f6 nh\u2212 k\u00ce ph\u00b6n b\u00e9i. L\u00a3 H\u00e5NG PHONG (1902 - 1942): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 L\u00aa Huy Do\u00b7n, qu\u00aa \u00eb huy\u00d6n H\u2212ng Nguy\u00aan, t\u00d8nh Ngh\u00d6 An. N\u00a8m 1924, tham gia T\u00a9m t\u00a9m x\u00b7 - m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a thanh ni\u00aan Vi\u00d6t Nam y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c. N\u00a8m 1925, L\u00aa H\u00e5ng Phong gia nh\u00cbp H\u00e9i Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Thanh ni\u00aan. N\u00a8m 1926, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 sang Li\u00aan X\u00ab h\u00e4c Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Ph\u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00abng; n\u00a8m 1934, ph\u00f4 tr\u00b8ch Ban L\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i; n\u00a8m 1935, l\u00b5 Tr\u2212\u00ebng \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng ta tham d\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u v\u00b5o Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. T\u00b9i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 I c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng (3-1935), \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u l\u00b5m T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212. Th\u00b8ng 7-1936, ch\u00f1 tr\u00d7 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng h\u00e4p \u00eb Th\u2212\u00eeng H\u00b6i (Trung Qu\u00e8c), \u00ae\u00d2 ra ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng chuy\u00d3n h\u2212\u00edng ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00b9o chi\u00d5n l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng, m\u00eb \u00ae\u00c7u th\u00eai k\u00fa M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 (1936 - 1939); b\u00de \u00ae\u00dech b\u00bet \u00eb S\u00b5i G\u00dfn (1940); t\u00f5 tr\u00c7n t\u00b9i Nh\u00b5 t\u00ef C\u00abn \u00a7\u00b6o th\u00b8ng 9-1942. L\u00a3 L\u00eeI (1385 - 1433): Anh h\u00efng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, xu\u00cat th\u00a9n trong m\u00e9t gia \u00ae\u00d7nh \u201c\u00a7\u00eai \u00ae\u00eai l\u00b5m qu\u00a9n tr\u2212\u00ebng m\u00e9t ph\u2212\u00acng\u201d (v\u00a8n bia V\u00dcnh L\u00a8ng). N\u00a8m 1406, nh\u00b5 Minh x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec n\u2212\u00edc ta. Tr\u2212\u00edc c\u00b6nh n\u2212\u00edc m\u00cat nh\u00b5 tan, \u00abng r\u00cat \u00aeau l\u00dfng v\u00b5 nu\u00abi ch\u00dd di\u00d6t gi\u00c6c c\u00f8u n\u2212\u00edc. Ng\u00b5y 7-2-1418, sau qu\u00b8 tr\u00d7nh chu\u00c8n b\u00de v\u00b5 v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n, L\u00aa L\u00eei \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Nguy\u00d4n Tr\u00b7i gi\u00f3p s\u00f8c \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00cat c\u00ea kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00eb Lam S\u00acn (Thanh Ho\u00b8). \u00a7\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00abng \u00ae\u00b6o c\u00b8c t\u00c7ng l\u00edp nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n \u00f1ng h\u00e9, cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00b7 nhanh ch\u00e3ng chuy\u00d3n th\u00b5nh cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. Cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i n\u00b5y k\u00d0o d\u00b5i 10 n\u00a8m (1418 - 1428) v\u00b5 k\u00d5t th\u00f3c th\u00beng l\u00eei, l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6 \u00b8ch th\u00e8ng tr\u00de c\u00f1a nh\u00b5 Minh - m\u00e9t qu\u00e8c gia phong ki\u00d5n h\u00efng c\u2212\u00eang l\u00f3c b\u00cay gi\u00ea. Sau khi chi\u00d5n th\u00beng qu\u00a9n Minh, ng\u00b5y 29-4-1428, L\u00aa L\u00eei l\u00aan ng\u00abi vua v\u00b5 l\u00cbp ra tri\u00d2u L\u00aa, \u00ae\u2212a ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 phong ki\u00d5n Vi\u00d6t Nam v\u00b5o giai \u00aeo\u00b9n ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n th\u00denh v\u2212\u00eeng. L\u00a3NIN, Vla\u00aeimia Il\u00ddch (1870 - 1924): L\u00b7nh t\u00f4 thi\u00aan t\u00b5i c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n v\u00b5 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n lao \u00ae\u00e9ng to\u00b5n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, ng\u2212\u00eai s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp ra \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Li\u00aan X\u00ab v\u00b5 Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan trong l\u00dech s\u00f6 lo\u00b5i","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 673 ng\u2212\u00eai, \u00abng c\u00f2ng l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp ra Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. K\u00d5 t\u00f4c s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p c\u00f1a C.M\u00b8c v\u00b5 Ph.\u00a1ngghen, V.I.L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00cau tranh ki\u00aan quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00d3 b\u00b6o v\u00d6 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c, ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i m\u00e4i s\u00f9 xuy\u00aan t\u00b9c c\u00f1a b\u00e4n c\u00ac h\u00e9i ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca v\u00b5 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n thi\u00aan t\u00b5i c\u00b6 ba b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn h\u00eep th\u00b5nh ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca M\u00b8c (tri\u00d5t h\u00e4c m\u00b8cx\u00ddt, kinh t\u00d5 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de h\u00e4c m\u00b8cx\u00ddt v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i khoa h\u00e4c), gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00f3ng \u00ae\u00ben v\u00d2 l\u00fd lu\u00cbn v\u00b5 th\u00f9c ti\u00d4n c\u00b8c v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 \u00ae\u00c6t ra cho c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00ab s\u00b6n trong th\u00eai \u00ae\u00b9i \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca. V.I.L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00c6c bi\u00d6t quan t\u00a9m v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212a ra nhi\u00d2u lu\u00cbn \u00aei\u00d3m quan tr\u00e4ng v\u00d2 phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c \u00eb c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea v\u00b5 ph\u00f4 thu\u00e9c. Trong b\u00b6n S\u00ac th\u00b6o l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat nh\u00f7ng lu\u00cbn c\u2212\u00acng v\u00d2 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c v\u00b5 v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea \u00ae\u2212\u00eec tr\u00d7nh b\u00b5y t\u00b9i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i II c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (1920), V.I.L\u00aanin \u00ae\u00b7 n\u00aau ra nh\u00f7ng v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 c\u00ac b\u00b6n c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. L\u00fd B\u00a4N (L\u00fd Nam \u00a7\u00d5, 503 - 548): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 L\u00fd B\u00dd, qu\u00aa \u00eb S\u00acn T\u00a9y (H\u00b5 N\u00e9i). N\u00a8m 542, L\u00fd B\u00abn l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec nh\u00b5 L\u2212\u00acng (Trung Qu\u00e8c), gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc. N\u00a8m 544, L\u00fd B\u00abn l\u00aan ng\u00abi vua, x\u2212ng l\u00b5 Nam Vi\u00d6t \u00ae\u00d5, \u00ae\u00c6t t\u00aan n\u2212\u00edc l\u00b5 V\u00b9n Xu\u00a9n. N\u00a8m 545, nh\u00b5 L\u2212\u00acng l\u00b9i \u00aeem qu\u00a9n sang x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec. V\u00d7 th\u00d5 y\u00d5u, cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i. L\u00fd B\u00abn ph\u00b6i lui v\u00d2 v\u00efng V\u00dcnh Ph\u00f3c, v\u00b5 m\u00cat t\u00b9i \u00ae\u00a9y. L\u00fd TH\u00a6\u00eaNG KI\u00d6T (1019 - 1105): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Ng\u00ab Tu\u00can, c\u00e3 c\u00abng lao \u00ae\u2212\u00eec vua L\u00fd ban h\u00e4 vua, l\u00b5 anh h\u00efng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, qu\u00aa \u00eb ph\u2212\u00eang Th\u00b8i Ho\u00b5, H\u00b5 N\u00e9i. T\u00f5 nh\u00e1 \u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00e1 ra l\u00b5 m\u00e9t ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e3 ch\u00dd h\u2212\u00edng, ham \u00ae\u00e4c s\u00b8ch v\u00b5 say s\u2212a nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u binh th\u2212, luy\u00d6n t\u00cbp v\u00e2 ngh\u00d6. D\u2212\u00edi tri\u00d2u L\u00fd Th\u00b8i T\u00abng v\u00b5 L\u00fd Th\u00b8nh T\u00abng, \u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f5ng gi\u00f7 nhi\u00d2u ch\u00f8c v\u00f4 quan tr\u00e4ng trong tri\u00d2u. Khi L\u00fd Nh\u00a9n T\u00abng l\u00aan ng\u00abi, \u00abng gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Ph\u00f4 qu\u00e8c Th\u00b8i u\u00fd, c\u2212\u00acng v\u00de nh\u2212 T\u00d3 t\u2212\u00edng. N\u00a8m 1072, l\u00eei d\u00f4ng l\u00f3c L\u00fd Th\u00b8nh T\u00abng m\u00cat, qu\u00a9n T\u00e8ng r\u00b8o ri\u00d5t chu\u00c8n b\u00de x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec n\u2212\u00edc ta. Ch\u00f3ng x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng c\u00a8n c\u00f8, t\u00ddch tr\u00f7 l\u2212\u00acng th\u00f9c v\u00b5 kh\u00dd gi\u00edi \u00eb Ung Ch\u00a9u... V\u00d7 v\u00cby, ng\u00b5y 27-10-1075, L\u00fd Th\u2212\u00eang Ki\u00d6t \u00ae\u00b7 ch\u00f1 \u00ae\u00e9ng ti\u00d5n c\u00abng sang \u00ae\u00cat T\u00e8ng \u00ae\u00d3 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t c\u00a8n c\u00f8 x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a k\u00ce th\u00ef. Ng\u00b5y 1-3-1076, qu\u00a9n ta chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh Ung Ch\u00a9u r\u00e5i r\u00f3t v\u00d2 x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng tuy\u00d5n ph\u00dfng th\u00f1 s\u00abng C\u00c7u.","674 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP Cu\u00e8i n\u00a8m 1076, qu\u00a9n T\u00e8ng k\u00d0o sang x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec n\u2212\u00edc ta. Nh\u2212ng do \u00ae\u00b7 chu\u00c8n b\u00de tr\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00e9ng vi\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eec l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ch\u00e8ng gi\u00c6c, n\u00aan qu\u00a9n T\u00e8ng x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00cat b\u00b9i, th\u00b8ng 3-1077 qu\u00a9n T\u00e8ng ph\u00b6i r\u00f3t ch\u00b9y v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc. Cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n anh h\u00efng c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ta ho\u00b5n to\u00b5n th\u00beng l\u00eei. L\u00fd Th\u2212\u00eang Ki\u00d6t \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 c\u00abng lao to l\u00edn trong cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng qu\u00a9n T\u00e8ng x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 l\u00e7i l\u00b9c, m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 ngo\u00b9i giao xu\u00cat s\u00bec. M M\u00b8C, C\u00b8c (1818 - 1883): L\u00b7nh t\u00f4 thi\u00aan t\u00b5i, nh\u00b5 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i, c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00efng Ph.\u00a1ngghen s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp n\u00d2n tri\u00d5t h\u00e4c m\u00edi - tri\u00d5t h\u00e4c duy v\u00cbt bi\u00d6n ch\u00f8ng v\u00b5 duy v\u00cbt l\u00dech s\u00f6, kinh t\u00d5 ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de h\u00e4c v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i khoa h\u00e4c. Ba b\u00e9 ph\u00cbn n\u00b5y c\u00e3 quan h\u00d6 h\u00f7u c\u00ac v\u00edi nhau, c\u00cau th\u00b5nh h\u00e4c thuy\u00d5t M\u00b8c, tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh h\u00d6 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng, th\u00d5 gi\u00edi quan, l\u00fd lu\u00cbn v\u00d2 chi\u00d5n l\u2212\u00eec v\u00b5 s\u00b8ch l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a giai c\u00cap v\u00ab s\u00b6n trong cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh x\u00e3a b\u00e1 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca t\u2212 b\u00b6n, x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca x\u00b7 h\u00e9i v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. C.M\u00b8c kh\u00abng ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 nh\u00b5 l\u00fd lu\u00cbn thi\u00aan t\u00b5i m\u00b5 tr\u2212\u00edc h\u00d5t C.M\u00b8c l\u00b5 nh\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i. N\u00a8m 1847, C.M\u00b8c v\u00b5 Ph.\u00a1ngghen tham gia s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp Li\u00aan \u00aeo\u00b5n nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n. N\u00a8m 1864, C.M\u00b8c s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp v\u00b5 l\u00b5 linh h\u00e5n c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 I. C.M\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00cau tranh kh\u00abng khoan nh\u2212\u00eeng v\u00edi m\u00e4i th\u00f8 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca c\u00ac h\u00e9i v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 ngh\u00dca v\u00ab ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 trong phong tr\u00b5o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 c\u00abng nh\u00a9n qu\u00e8c t\u00d5. Ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00b7 hi\u00d5n d\u00a9ng c\u00b6 \u00ae\u00eai m\u00d7nh cho s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng giai c\u00cap c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 to\u00b5n th\u00d3 lo\u00b5i ng\u2212\u00eai. M\u00b8CTI, \u00a1ng\u00aer\u00aa (1886 - 1956): S\u00dc quan c\u00ac kh\u00dd trong h\u00b6i qu\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p. \u00a4ng c\u00e3 m\u00c6t trong cu\u00e9c ti\u00d5n c\u00abng c\u00f1a qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5o n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t v\u00b5 l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai tham gia cu\u00e9c n\u00e6i d\u00cby c\u00f1a binh l\u00ddnh Ph\u00b8p ph\u00b6n chi\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1919. \u00a4ng b\u00de t\u00dfa \u00b8n qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 k\u00d5t \u00b8n t\u00ef. N\u00a8m 1923, \u00abng ra t\u00ef, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u v\u00b5o Ngh\u00de vi\u00d6n v\u00b5 gia nh\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p.","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 675 Trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh T\u00a9y Ban Nha, \u00abng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 l\u00b5m thanh tra trong binh \u00aeo\u00b5n qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 tham chi\u00d5n ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. Nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai, \u00abng c\u00abng t\u00b8c \u00eb Li\u00aan X\u00ab. \u00a4ng nhi\u00d2u n\u00a8m l\u00b5m U\u00fb vi\u00aan B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p. \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (1935), M\u00b8cti \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan \u00a7o\u00b5n Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech, tham gia Ban B\u00dd th\u2212. Sau n\u00b5y, v\u00d7 \u00ae\u00cau tranh n\u00e9i b\u00e9, \u00abng b\u00de khai tr\u00f5 kh\u00e1i \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p ng\u00b5y 30-12-1952. MAO TR\u00b9CH \u00a7\u00a4NG (1893 - 1976): Ng\u2212\u00eai t\u00d8nh H\u00e5 Nam, nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng Trung Qu\u00e8c. Sau C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng T\u00a9n H\u00eei (1911), \u00abng tham gia qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00eb H\u00e5 Nam. N\u00a8m 1921, \u00abng tham gia \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Trung Qu\u00e8c; U\u00fb vi\u00aan Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (1923); U\u00fb vi\u00aan B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (1933); l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o cu\u00e9c V\u00b9n l\u00fd tr\u2212\u00eang chinh. T\u00b9i H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00eb Tu\u00a9n Ngh\u00dca (1-1935), \u00abng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u v\u00b5o Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, sau \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech U\u00fb ban qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 Trung \u2212\u00acng. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Trung Qu\u00e8c (1943 - 1976). \u00a4ng l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng h\u00eep t\u00b8c v\u00edi Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00ae\u00d3 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp M\u00c6t tr\u00cbn d\u00a9n t\u00e9c th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212a kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00d5n th\u00beng l\u00eei (1937 - 1945). Trong th\u00eai k\u00fa n\u00e9i chi\u00d5n (1946 - 1949), \u00abng c\u00efng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n v\u00b5 Qu\u00a9n gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Qu\u00e8c chi\u00d5n th\u00beng c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng, bu\u00e9c h\u00e4 ph\u00b6i ch\u00b9y ra \u00a7\u00b5i Loan. Th\u00b8ng 10-1949, \u00abng tuy\u00aan b\u00e8 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u2212\u00edc C\u00e9ng ho\u00b5 Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Hoa v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 l\u00b5m Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e5ng Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung \u2212\u00acng, sau \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech n\u2212\u00edc C\u00e9ng ho\u00b5 Nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Trung Hoa cho \u00ae\u00d5n khi m\u00cat (1976). C\u00abng lao v\u00b5 c\u00e8ng hi\u00d5n c\u00f1a Mao Tr\u00b9ch \u00a7\u00abng \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Trung Qu\u00e8c l\u00b5 r\u00cat to l\u00edn, nh\u2212ng nh\u00f7ng sai l\u00c7m trong c\u00b8c quan \u00aei\u00d3m c\u00f1a \u00abng v\u00d2 x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng kinh t\u00d5 cu\u00e8i nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 50 v\u00b5 \u00a7\u00b9i c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng v\u00a8n h\u00e3a v\u00ab s\u00b6n trong nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 60 th\u00d5 k\u00fb XX c\u00f2ng g\u00a9y nhi\u00d2u t\u00b8c h\u00b9i.","676 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP N NAP\u00a4L\u00a3\u00a4NG, B\u00abnap\u00b8ct\u00ac (1769 - 1821): Nh\u00b5 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng c\u00f1a Ph\u00b8p. N\u00a8m 1785, t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p tr\u2212\u00eang ph\u00b8o binh v\u00edi qu\u00a9n h\u00b5m thi\u00d5u u\u00fd; tham gia c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Ph\u00b8p n\u00a8m 1789 v\u00b5 nhanh ch\u00e3ng tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t vi\u00aan t\u2212\u00edng tr\u00ce n\u00bem quy\u00d2n ch\u00d8 huy t\u00e8i cao qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i. N\u00a8m 1789, t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00ae\u00b6o ch\u00ddnh; n\u00a8m 1804, tuy\u00aan b\u00e8 thi\u00d5t l\u00cbp ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 \u00ae\u00e9c t\u00b5i. Nap\u00abl\u00aa\u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00abi k\u00d0o n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5o nh\u00f7ng cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh chi\u00d5m \u00ae\u00e3ng l\u00b7nh th\u00e6 nhi\u00d2u n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u \u00a2u. N\u00a8m 1812, \u00ae\u00e9i qu\u00a9n c\u00f1a Nap\u00abl\u00aa\u00abng b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i trong cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n tranh x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec n\u2212\u00edc Nga; n\u00a8m 1814, \u00abng b\u00de li\u00aan qu\u00a9n ch\u00a9u \u00a2u \u00ae\u00b8nh b\u00b9i; n\u00a8m 1815, \u00abng chi\u00d5m l\u00b9i ng\u00abi Ho\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00d5 nh\u2212ng sau th\u00cat b\u00b9i t\u00b9i Oat\u00d0cl\u00ab (ng\u00b5y 22-6-1815) th\u00d7 \u00abng l\u00b9i b\u00de l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6. Nguy\u00d4n An Ninh (1900 - 1943): Nh\u00b5 tr\u00dd th\u00f8c y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc, qu\u00aa \u00eb huy\u00d6n H\u00e3c M\u00abn (nay thu\u00e9c th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8 H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh). \u00a4ng \u00ae\u00e7 C\u00f6 nh\u00a9n Lu\u00cbt n\u00a8m 1920 t\u00b9i Ph\u00b8p; tham gia ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc \u00eb Ph\u00b8p. N\u00a8m 1922, \u00abng v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp b\u00b8o Chu\u00abng r\u00cc; c\u00e6 \u00ae\u00e9ng thanh ni\u00aan h\u00e4c t\u00cbp, t\u00ddch c\u00f9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00dfi d\u00a9n ch\u00f1. T\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1930, \u00abng h\u00eep t\u00b8c ch\u00c6t ch\u00cf v\u00edi nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n tr\u00aan m\u00c6t tr\u00cbn b\u00b8o ch\u00dd v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00dfi d\u00a9n ch\u00f1, 5 l\u00c7n \u00abng b\u00de \u00ae\u00dech b\u00bet, l\u00c7n cu\u00e8i v\u00b5o th\u00b8ng 10-1939, b\u00de k\u00d5t \u00b8n 5 n\u00a8m t\u00ef, b\u00de \u00ae\u00b5y \u00aei C\u00abn \u00a7\u00b6o v\u00b5 m\u00cat t\u00b9i \u00ae\u00e3. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 t\u00b8c gi\u00b6 nhi\u00d2u t\u00cbp s\u00b8ch, l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t Nam \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan d\u00dech m\u00e9t ph\u00c7n cu\u00e8n Kh\u00d5 \u2212\u00edc x\u00b7 h\u00e9i c\u00f1a R\u00f3tx\u00ab (J.J. Rousseau). NGUY\u00d4N H\u00b6I TH\u00c7N (1878 - 1959): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 V\u00f2 H\u00b6i Thu, qu\u00aa \u00eb \u00a7\u00b9i T\u00f5, huy\u00d6n Thanh Tr\u00d7 (nay thu\u00e9c H\u00b5 N\u00e9i). N\u00a8m 1905, Nguy\u00d4n H\u00b6i Th\u00c7n theo c\u00f4 Phan B\u00e9i Ch\u00a9u sang Trung Qu\u00e8c, \u00ae\u00b7 theo h\u00e4c c\u00b8c Tr\u2212\u00eang v\u00e2 b\u00de Ho\u00b5ng Ph\u00e8, H\u00e5 Nam, Thi\u00d2u Quan, v\u00e8n l\u00b5 th\u00b5nh vi\u00aan Vi\u00d6t Nam Quang ph\u00f4c H\u00e9i, sau l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan \u00a7\u00b9i Vi\u00d6t, tham gia qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 l\u00b5m Li\u00aan tr\u2212\u00ebng (t\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u2212\u00acng nh\u2212 \u00ae\u00b9i \u00ae\u00e9i tr\u2212\u00ebng) ki\u00aam tri huy\u00d6n. V\u00d7 c\u00e3 \u201cc\u00abng\u201d trong vi\u00d6c t\u00b5n s\u00b8t \u00ae\u00c9m m\u00b8u c\u00b8c chi\u00d5n s\u00dc C\u00abng x\u00b7 Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u (1927), n\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch tin d\u00efng. N\u00a8m 1931, Nguy\u00d4n H\u00b6i Th\u00c7n v\u00d2 Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u m\u00eb c\u00f6a h\u00b5ng xem s\u00e8 t\u00f6 vi. Sau \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n T\u2212\u00ebng t\u00cbp h\u00eep c\u00efng V\u00f2 H\u00e5ng Khanh","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 677 v\u00b5 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e3 t\u2212 t\u2212\u00ebng ch\u00e8ng c\u00e9ng l\u00cbp ra Vi\u00d6t Nam C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00e5ng minh H\u00e9i. N\u00a8m 1945, Nguy\u00d4n H\u00b6i Th\u00c7n theo \u00aeo\u00b5n qu\u00a9n c\u00f1a Ti\u00aau V\u00a8n v\u00d2 Vi\u00d6t Nam. \u00a7\u00d3 th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n s\u00b8ch l\u2212\u00eec t\u00b9m h\u00dfa ho\u00b7n v\u00edi qu\u00a9n T\u2212\u00ebng nh\u00bbm t\u00cbp trung l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n \u00eb Nam B\u00e9, ng\u00b5y 1-1-1946, Nguy\u00d4n H\u00b6i Th\u00c7n \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Ph\u00e3 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 l\u00a9m th\u00eai n\u2212\u00edc Vi\u00d6t Nam D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 C\u00e9ng ho\u00b5 v\u00b5 sau \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 b\u00e6 sung v\u00b5o Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i kh\u00abng qua b\u00c7u c\u00f6 v\u00b5 gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Ph\u00e3 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 li\u00aan hi\u00d6p kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n. Sau khi qu\u00a9n T\u2212\u00ebng r\u00f3t v\u00d2 Trung Qu\u00e8c, Nguy\u00d4n H\u00b6i Th\u00c7n b\u00e1 tr\u00e8n theo qu\u00a9n T\u2212\u00ebng v\u00d2 Nam Kinh. N\u00a8m 1947, Nguy\u00d4n H\u00b6i Th\u00c7n l\u00b9i v\u00d2 Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c m\u00eb c\u00f6a h\u00b5ng xem s\u00e8 t\u00f6 vi v\u00b5 s\u00e8ng \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c cho \u00ae\u00d5n l\u00f3c ch\u00d5t (1959). NGUY\u00d4N HU\u00d6 (1753 - 1792): T\u00f8c Quang Trung. Sang th\u00d5 k\u00fb XVIII, ch\u00d5 \u00ae\u00e9 phong ki\u00d5n Vi\u00d6t Nam b\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5o giai \u00aeo\u00b9n kh\u00f1ng ho\u00b6ng s\u00a9u s\u00bec, to\u00b5n di\u00d6n. \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 th\u00eai k\u00fa ph\u00a9n tranh gi\u00f7a hai th\u00d5 l\u00f9c phong ki\u00d5n Tr\u00denh - Nguy\u00d4n. C\u00b8c cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca c\u00f1a n\u00abng d\u00a9n li\u00aan ti\u00d5p n\u00e6 ra kh\u00bep n\u00aci m\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d8nh cao l\u00b5 phong tr\u00b5o T\u00a9y S\u00acn do ba anh em Nguy\u00d4n Nh\u00b9c, Nguy\u00d4n Hu\u00d6, Nguy\u00d4n L\u00f7 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o. Phong tr\u00b5o T\u00a9y S\u00acn t\u00f5 m\u00e9t cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca \u00ae\u00dea ph\u2212\u00acng \u00eb Quy Nh\u00acn \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n r\u00e9ng \u00eb nhi\u00d2u n\u00aci trong n\u2212\u00edc, r\u00e5i ti\u00d5n l\u00aan th\u00b5nh phong tr\u00b5o qu\u00cbt kh\u00ebi c\u00f1a c\u00b6 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, qu\u00d0t s\u00b9ch c\u00b8c t\u00cbp \u00aeo\u00b5n phong ki\u00d5n th\u00e8i n\u00b8t trong Nam, ngo\u00b5i B\u00bec, kh\u00abi ph\u00f4c n\u00d2n th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc. Nguy\u00d4n Hu\u00d6 l\u00b5 l\u00b7nh t\u00f4 v\u00b5 linh h\u00e5n c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o T\u00a9y S\u00acn. Nguy\u00d4n Hu\u00d6 \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o qu\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00cbp tan cu\u00e9c x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a phong ki\u00d5n Xi\u00aam (1784 - 1785). N\u00a8m 1788, Nguy\u00d4n Hu\u00d6 l\u00aan ng\u00abi Ho\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00d5, l\u00cay ni\u00aan hi\u00d6u l\u00b5 Quang Trung, th\u00e8ng l\u00dcnh qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i chu\u00c8n b\u00de \u00ae\u00b9i ph\u00b8 qu\u00a9n Thanh. Ch\u00d8 trong 5 ng\u00b5y \u00ae\u00aam \u00ae\u00c7u Xu\u00a9n K\u00fb D\u00cbu (t\u00f5 ng\u00b5y 25 \u00ae\u00d5n ng\u00b5y 30-1-1789), d\u2212\u00edi s\u00f9 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o t\u00b5i t\u00d7nh c\u00f1a Quang Trung, nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00aau di\u00d6t 20 v\u00b9n qu\u00a9n M\u00b7n Thanh. \u00a7\u00a9y l\u00b5 m\u00e9t chi\u00d5n c\u00abng v\u00dc \u00ae\u00b9i v\u00b5 th\u00c7n k\u00fa trong l\u00dech s\u00f6 ch\u00e8ng ngo\u00b9i x\u00a9m c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ta. Quang Trung kh\u00abng nh\u00f7ng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 thi\u00aan t\u00b5i, m\u00e9t danh t\u2212\u00edng m\u00b5 c\u00dfn l\u00b5 m\u00e9t t\u00b5i n\u00a8ng l\u00e7i l\u00b9c tr\u00aan c\u00b8c l\u00dcnh v\u00f9c ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, kinh","678 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP t\u00d5, v\u00a8n ho\u00b8, ngo\u00b9i giao. Quang Trung l\u00b5 m\u00e9t v\u00de anh h\u00efng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c tr\u00dd d\u00f2ng song to\u00b5n c\u00e3 m\u00e9t s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p v\u00ce vang trong l\u00dech s\u00f6 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c ta. NGUY\u00d4N TH\u00de MINH KHAI (1910 - 1941): C\u00dfn c\u00e3 t\u00aan l\u00b5 Vinh, con m\u00e9t vi\u00aan ch\u00f8c xe l\u00f6a \u00eb th\u00b5nh ph\u00e8 Vinh, Ngh\u00d6 An. N\u00a8m 1927, Nguy\u00d4n Th\u00de Minh Khai tham gia t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c H\u00e9i H\u2212ng Nam (ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00b6ng). \u00a7\u00c7u n\u00a8m 1930, Nguy\u00d4n Th\u00de Minh Khai chuy\u00d3n sang th\u00b5nh \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Li\u00aan \u00aeo\u00b5n v\u00b5 sang ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng t\u00b9i Trung Qu\u00e8c. Th\u00b8ng 7-1935, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd l\u00b5 th\u00b5nh vi\u00aan trong \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u do \u00a7\u00b6ng ta c\u00f6 \u00aei d\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VII Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n t\u00b9i M\u00b8txc\u00acva. T\u00b9i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i, v\u00edi b\u00dd danh Phan Lan, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00e4c b\u00b6n tham lu\u00cbn v\u00d2 vai tr\u00df c\u00f1a ph\u00f4 n\u00f7 \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng trong cu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng; sau \u00ae\u00e3, k\u00d5t h\u00abn v\u00edi \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd L\u00aa H\u00e5ng Phong. V\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 v\u00b5o X\u00f8 u\u00fb Nam K\u00fa v\u00b5 tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p l\u00b5m B\u00dd th\u2212 Th\u00b5nh u\u00fb S\u00b5i G\u00dfn - Ch\u00ee L\u00edn. Ng\u00b5y 30-7-1940, Nguy\u00d4n Th\u00de Minh Khai b\u00de th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p b\u00bet v\u00b5 b\u00de gi\u00d5t h\u00b9i v\u00b5o ng\u00b5y 28-8-1941. NGUY\u00d4N T\u00a6\u00eaNG TAM (1905 - 1963): T\u00f8c Nh\u00cat Linh, qu\u00aa g\u00e8c \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng Nam. Nguy\u00d4n T\u2212\u00eang Tam l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00c7m \u00ae\u00c7u nh\u00e3m T\u00f9 l\u00f9c v\u00a8n \u00aeo\u00b5n, Ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m b\u00b8o Phong Ho\u00b8 v\u00b5 Ng\u00b5y nay. N\u00a8m 1940, \u00ae\u00f8ng ra l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng \u00a7\u00b9i Vi\u00d6t D\u00a9n ch\u00ddnh th\u00a9n Nh\u00cbt. Do s\u00b8ch l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta t\u00b9m th\u00eai ho\u00b5 ho\u00b7n v\u00edi T\u2212\u00ebng, th\u00b8ng 3-1946, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00e6 sung v\u00b5o Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i kh\u00abng th\u00abng qua b\u00c7u c\u00f6 v\u00b5 gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c B\u00e9 tr\u2212\u00ebng B\u00e9 Ngo\u00b9i giao trong Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Li\u00aan hi\u00d6p kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n; l\u00b5 Tr\u2212\u00ebng \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 \u00aei d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de \u00a7\u00b5 L\u00b9t (4-1946) v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 l\u00b5m Tr\u2212\u00ebng \u00aeo\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Ph\u00abngtenn\u00acbl\u00ab, nh\u2212ng Nguy\u00d4n T\u2212\u00eang Tam \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00e1 nhi\u00d6m v\u00f4. Sau \u00ae\u00e3, theo V\u00f2 H\u00e5ng Khanh \u00aei V\u00a9n Nam (Trung Qu\u00e8c) r\u00e5i ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c l\u00b5m tay sai cho th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 sau n\u00b5y l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc. Nguy\u00d4n V\u00a8n T\u00b9o (1908 - 1970): Nh\u00b5 b\u00b8o, nh\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng, \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p. N\u00a8m 1928, \u00abng tham gia \u00a7o\u00b5n \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p \u00aei d\u00f9 \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 VI Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n t\u00b9i Li\u00aan X\u00ab,","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 679 \u00ae\u00e4c tham lu\u00cbn v\u00d2 t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00d2 ngh\u00de Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u vi\u00d6c th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp m\u00e9t \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00eb \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng. N\u00a8m 1929 l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p ph\u00f4 tr\u00b8ch v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 thu\u00e9c \u00ae\u00dea. N\u00a8m 1930, \u00abng v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, t\u00ddch c\u00f9c tham gia v\u00b5o phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc, \u00ae\u00dfi t\u00f9 do d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 v\u00b5 hai l\u00c7n b\u00de \u00ae\u00dech b\u00bet. N\u00a8m 1945, \u00abng tham gia l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng T\u00b8m t\u00b9i S\u00b5i G\u00dfn v\u00b5 c\u00b8c t\u00d8nh Nam K\u00fa, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00denh v\u00b5o U\u00fb ban h\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh l\u00a9m th\u00eai Nam B\u00e9; l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b9i bi\u00d3u Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i li\u00aan ti\u00d5p c\u00b8c kh\u00e3a I, II, III. N\u00a8m 1946, ra B\u00bec, l\u00b5m Tr\u2212\u00ebng Ti\u00d3u ban C\u00abng v\u00cbn Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ch\u00d8 \u00ae\u00denh v\u00b5o Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1, gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c B\u00e9 tr\u2212\u00ebng B\u00e9 Lao \u00ae\u00e9ng (1946 - 1965). N\u00a8m 1967, gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c B\u00e9 tr\u2212\u00ebng Ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m V\u00a8n ph\u00dfng N\u00e9i ch\u00ddnh. N\u00a8m 1969, gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m U\u00fb ban th\u00e8ng nh\u00cat c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i. NG\u00a4 QUY\u00d2N (899 - 944): Anh h\u00efng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, m\u00e9t t\u2212\u00edng l\u00dcnh t\u00b5i gi\u00e1i, ch\u00dd l\u00edn, m\u2212u cao, qu\u00aa \u00eb \u00a7\u2212\u00eang L\u00a9m (nay thu\u00e9c Ba V\u00d7, H\u00b5 N\u00e9i). Tr\u2212\u00edc nguy c\u00ac x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a nh\u00b5 Nam H\u00b8n, Ng\u00ab Quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00b7 h\u00b9 th\u00b5nh \u00a7\u00b9i La, gi\u00d5t ch\u00d5t t\u00aan b\u00b8n n\u2212\u00edc Ki\u00d2u C\u00abng Ti\u00d4n, tr\u00f5 m\u00e8i h\u00e4a b\u00aan trong, \u00e6n \u00ae\u00denh t\u00d7nh h\u00d7nh trong n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 g\u00cap r\u00f3t chu\u00c8n b\u00de l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c chi\u00d5n d\u00dech B\u00b9ch \u00a7\u00bbng l\u00dech s\u00f6. Chi\u00d5n th\u00beng oanh li\u00d6t tr\u00aan s\u00abng B\u00b9ch \u00a7\u00bbng \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00b8nh b\u00b9i m\u2212u \u00ae\u00e5 x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a nh\u00b5 Nam H\u00b8n, ch\u00cam d\u00f8t m\u00e9t th\u00eai k\u00fa m\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc k\u00d0o d\u00b5i h\u00acn m\u00e9t ngh\u00d7n n\u00a8m v\u00b5 m\u00eb ra m\u00e9t giai \u00aeo\u00b9n m\u00edi c\u00f1a l\u00dech s\u00f6 d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. Tr\u00aan c\u00ac s\u00eb th\u00beng l\u00eei qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 vang d\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e3, Ng\u00ab Quy\u00d2n \u00ae\u00b7 ti\u00d5n l\u00aan m\u00e9t b\u2212\u00edc c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 n\u00d2n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. \u00a4ng \u00ae\u00b7 quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh b\u00e1 ch\u00f8c Ti\u00d5t \u00ae\u00e9 s\u00f8 c\u00f1a b\u00e4n phong ki\u00d5n ph\u2212\u00acng B\u00bec v\u00b5 t\u00f9 x\u2212ng v\u2212\u00acng, l\u00cbp th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t v\u2212\u00acng qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp. D\u2212\u00edi th\u00eai Ng\u00ab Quy\u00d2n, tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng theo th\u00d3 ch\u00d5 c\u00f1a m\u00e9t qu\u00e8c gia phong ki\u00d5n \u00ae\u00e9c l\u00cbp. R RUD\u00a5VEN, Phr\u00a8ngclin (1882 - 1945): T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng n\u2212\u00edc M\u00fc (1933 - 1945). Trong th\u00eai k\u00fa c\u00c7m quy\u00d2n, Rud\u00acven \u00ae\u00d2 ra \u00a7\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i m\u00edi nh\u00bbm kh\u00bec ph\u00f4c nh\u00f7ng bi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a cu\u00e9c kh\u00f1ng ho\u00b6ng kinh t\u00d5 (1929 - 1933). Trong Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai, Rud\u00acven \u00ae\u00b7 g\u00e3p ph\u00c7n h\u00d7nh","680 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP th\u00b5nh kh\u00e8i \u00a7\u00e5ng minh ch\u00e8ng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt; tham d\u00f9 H\u00e9i ngh\u00de nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00f8ng \u00ae\u00c7u ba n\u2212\u00edc l\u00edn (Li\u00aan X\u00ab, M\u00fc, Anh) t\u00b9i T\u00aah\u00aar\u00a8ng v\u00b5 Ianta. P P\u00a3TANH, Phil\u00ddp (1856 - 1951): Th\u00e8ng ch\u00d5 Ph\u00b8p, t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p Tr\u2212\u00eang qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 Xanh Xia (1878). P\u00aatanh l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e3 nhi\u00d2u c\u00e8ng hi\u00d5n cho n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p trong Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 nh\u00cat n\u00aan \u00ae\u2212\u00eec phong h\u00b5m \u00a7\u00b9i t\u2212\u00edng; T\u00e6ng T\u2212 l\u00d6nh qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p (1917); B\u00e9 tr\u2212\u00ebng B\u00e9 Chi\u00d5n tranh (1934); T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng Ph\u00b8p (1940) v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00c7u h\u00b5ng c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng ph\u00b8t x\u00ddt. Sau khi n\u2212\u00edc Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u2212\u00eec gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng (8-1945), P\u00aatanh b\u00de k\u00d5t \u00b8n t\u00f6 h\u00d7nh v\u00d2 t\u00e9i th\u00abng \u00ae\u00e5ng v\u00edi \u00ae\u00dech, sau h\u00b9 xu\u00e8ng t\u00ef chung th\u00a9n, c\u00c7m c\u00e8 tr\u00aan m\u00e9t h\u00dfn \u00ae\u00b6o nh\u00e1 \u00eb \u00a7\u00b9i T\u00a9y D\u2212\u00acng. PH\u00b9M H\u00e5NG TH\u00b8I (1895 - 1924): M\u00e9t thanh ni\u00aan Vi\u00d6t Nam y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc, qu\u00aa \u00eb H\u2212ng Nh\u00a9n, H\u2212ng Nguy\u00aan, Ngh\u00d6 An, tham gia nh\u00e3m T\u00a9m t\u00a9m x\u00b7 (t\u00f8c T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Thanh ni\u00aan \u00a7o\u00b5n) - m\u00e9t t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng c\u00f1a ng\u2212\u00eai Vi\u00d6t Nam, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp n\u00a8m 1923 \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u (Trung Qu\u00e8c). Ph\u00b9m H\u00e5ng Th\u00b8i hy sinh ng\u00b5y 19-6-1924 t\u00b9i Ch\u00a9u Giang (Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u) sau khi n\u00d0m t\u00b9c \u00ae\u00b9n \u00b8m s\u00b8t t\u00aan M\u00d0clanh - To\u00b5n quy\u00d2n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, nh\u2212ng kh\u00abng th\u00b5nh c\u00abng. PHAN B\u00e9I CH\u00a2U (1867 - 1940): Hi\u00d6u l\u00b5 S\u00b5o Nam, qu\u00aa \u00eb \u00a7an Nhi\u00d4m, Nam \u00a7\u00b5n, Ngh\u00d6 An, m\u00e9t nh\u00b5 y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc c\u00e3 nhi\u00d2u ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng t\u00ddch c\u00f9c trong nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m \u00ae\u00c7u c\u00f1a th\u00d5 k\u00fb XX. Tham gia l\u00cbp Duy T\u00a9n h\u00e9i (1904), t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c phong tr\u00b5o \u00a7\u00abng Du (1905 - 1908) v\u00b5 ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng d\u00f9a v\u00b5o Nh\u00cbt \u00ae\u00d3 \u00aeu\u00e6i th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. C\u00f4 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp Vi\u00d6t Nam Quang ph\u00f4c H\u00e9i (1912). Th\u00b8ng 6- 1925, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p b\u00bet c\u00e3c c\u00f4 \u00eb Trung Qu\u00e8c \u00ae\u2212a v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, \u00aeem x\u00f6 \u00eb t\u00dfa \u00ae\u00d2 h\u00d7nh H\u00b5 N\u00e9i, l\u00b5m d\u00cay l\u00aan \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam m\u00e9t phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh r\u00c7m r\u00e9 \u00ae\u00dfi th\u00b6 Phan B\u00e9i Ch\u00a9u di\u00d4n ra d\u2212\u00edi nhi\u00d2u h\u00d7nh th\u00f8c phong ph\u00f3. C\u00efng v\u00edi phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00d3 tang Phan Chu Trinh, phong tr\u00b5o \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00dfi th\u00b6 Phan B\u00e9i Ch\u00a9u \u00ae\u00b7 th\u00f3c \u00ae\u00c8y tinh th\u00c7n \u00ae\u00cau tranh c\u00f1a","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 681 nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t Nam ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00dfi th\u00b6 t\u00ef ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00dfi quy\u00d2n d\u00a9n sinh d\u00a9n ch\u00f1. Tr\u2212\u00edc l\u00b5n s\u00e3ng \u00ae\u00cau tranh m\u00b9nh m\u00cf c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta, ng\u00b5y 21-12- 1926, th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p bu\u00e9c ph\u00b6i tha cho c\u00f4 Phan B\u00e9i Ch\u00a9u, nh\u2212ng ch\u00f3ng l\u00b9i giam l\u00e1ng c\u00f4 \u00eb Hu\u00d5 cho \u00ae\u00d5n l\u00f3c c\u00f4 qua \u00ae\u00eai. PHAN CHu TRINH (1872 - 1926): Qu\u00aa \u00eb l\u00b5ng T\u00a9y L\u00e9c, huy\u00d6n Ti\u00aan Ph\u2212\u00edc, t\u00d8nh Qu\u00b6ng Nam. Sau khi \u00ae\u00e7 Ph\u00e3 b\u00b6ng, c\u00e3 th\u00eai gian c\u00f4 \u00ae\u00b7 l\u00b5m quan trong tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh Hu\u00d5, nh\u2212ng sau \u00ae\u00e3 t\u00f5 ch\u00f8c v\u00d2 qu\u00aa ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de, ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng d\u00f9a v\u00b5o Ph\u00b8p \u00ae\u00d3 ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh c\u00b8c c\u00b6i c\u00b8ch, th\u00f9c hi\u00d6n t\u00f9 do, d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 l\u00b5m cho d\u00a9n gi\u00b5u n\u2212\u00edc m\u00b9nh r\u00e5i sau \u00ae\u00e3 m\u00edi t\u00ddnh \u00ae\u00d5n chuy\u00d6n gi\u00b6i ph\u00e3ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c. N\u00a8m 1906, sau chuy\u00d5n \u00aei Nh\u00cbt v\u00d2, c\u00f4 ra s\u00f8c tuy\u00aan truy\u00d2n ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00b6i c\u00b8ch v\u00b5 tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00c7m \u00ae\u00c7u xu h\u2212\u00edng c\u00b6i l\u2212\u00acng \u00eb n\u2212\u00edc ta h\u00e5i \u00ae\u00c7u th\u00d5 k\u00fb XX. N\u00a8m 1908, khi phong tr\u00b5o ch\u00e8ng thu\u00d5 c\u00f1a n\u00abng d\u00a9n Trung B\u00e9 b\u00de \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p, c\u00f4 b\u00de th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p b\u00bet \u00ae\u00b5y ra C\u00abn \u00a7\u00b6o. N\u00a8m 1911, nh\u00ea c\u00e3 H\u00e9i Nh\u00a9n quy\u00d2n Ph\u00b8p can thi\u00d6p, c\u00f4 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec tr\u00b6 t\u00f9 do v\u00b5 sang c\u2212 tr\u00f3 \u00eb Ph\u00b8p. N\u00a8m 1925, c\u00f4 v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, l\u00a9m b\u00d6nh v\u00b5 m\u00cat v\u00b5o \u00ae\u00c7u n\u00a8m 1926. PHAN \u00a7\u00d7NH PH\u00efNG (1847 - 1895): M\u00e9t s\u00dc phu y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng cu\u00e8i th\u00d5 k\u00fb XIX. H\u2212\u00ebng \u00f8ng chi\u00d5u C\u00c7n V\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a vua H\u00b5m Nghi n\u00a8m 1885, c\u00f4 l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o cu\u00e9c kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca ch\u00e8ng th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p, l\u00cbp c\u00a8n c\u00f8 \u00eb v\u00efng r\u00f5ng n\u00f3i H\u2212\u00acng S\u00acn, H\u2212\u00acng Kh\u00aa, t\u00d8nh H\u00b5 T\u00dcnh. Ngh\u00dca qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00b7 v\u2212\u00eet nhi\u00d2u gian kh\u00e6, duy tr\u00d7 cu\u00e9c chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau g\u00c7n 10 n\u00a8m. C\u00f4 b\u00de th\u2212\u00acng trong m\u00e9t tr\u00cbn \u00ae\u00b8nh r\u00e5i l\u00a9m b\u00d6nh m\u00cat ng\u00b5y 28-12-1895. T T\u00a4N D\u00cbT TI\u00a3N (1866 - 1925): T\u00f8c T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn, nh\u00b5 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 Trung Qu\u00e8c, ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng T\u00a9n H\u00eei (1911) l\u00cbt \u00ae\u00e6 tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00b9i phong ki\u00d5n M\u00b7n Thanh; s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp thuy\u00d5t Tam d\u00a9n v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c Trung Qu\u00e8c C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00e5ng minh H\u00e9i (sau c\u00b6i t\u00e6 th\u00b5nh Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng). N\u00a8m 1912, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u l\u00b5m T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng l\u00a9m th\u00eai Trung Hoa","682 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP d\u00a9n qu\u00e8c, sau \u00ae\u00e3 t\u00f5 ch\u00f8c. N\u00a8m 1916, t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Qu\u00b6ng \u00a7\u00abng, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 l\u00b5m \u00a7\u00b9i nguy\u00aan so\u00b8i. T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t v\u00edi n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t, \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, qu\u00c7n ch\u00f3ng n\u00abng d\u00a9n, c\u00abng nh\u00a9n v\u00b5 xo\u00b8 b\u00e1 c\u00b8c hi\u00d6p \u2212\u00edc b\u00cat b\u00d7nh \u00ae\u00bcng v\u00edi n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i. \u00a4ng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ng\u2212\u00eai Trung Hoa y\u00aau m\u00d5n g\u00e4i l\u00b5 \u201cQu\u00e8c ph\u00f4 Trung Hoa\u201d. T\u00abn t\u00f6: T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 T\u00abn V\u00f2, nh\u00b5 l\u00fd lu\u00cbn qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 l\u00edn c\u00f1a Trung Qu\u00e8c cu\u00e8i th\u00d5 k\u00fb VI Tr.CN, l\u00b5 t\u00b8c gi\u00b6 T\u00abn T\u00f6 binh ph\u00b8p, m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng b\u00e9 binh th\u2212 s\u00edm nh\u00cat tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi. N\u00e9i dung b\u00e9 s\u00b8ch n\u00b5y r\u00cat phong ph\u00f3, b\u00b5n \u00ae\u00d5n c\u00b8c ph\u2212\u00acng di\u00d6n, c\u00b8c giai \u00aeo\u00b9n, c\u00b8c chi\u00d5n l\u2212\u00eec chi\u00d5n thu\u00cbt,... c\u00f1a chi\u00d5n tranh. Binh ph\u00b8p T\u00abn T\u00f6 kh\u00abng ch\u00d8 c\u00e3 gi\u00b8 tr\u00de \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00eai c\u00e6 \u00ae\u00b9i, m\u00b5 c\u00dfn r\u00cat c\u00e3 gi\u00b8 tr\u00de \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00eai hi\u00d6n \u00ae\u00b9i, v\u00d7 th\u00d5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec th\u00d5 gi\u00edi \u00ae\u00b8nh gi\u00b8 cao v\u00b5 d\u00dech ra nhi\u00d2u th\u00f8 ti\u00d5ng. Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh c\u00f2ng nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u r\u00cat s\u00a9u s\u00bec v\u00d2 binh ph\u00b8p T\u00abn T\u00f6 v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00cbn d\u00f4ng trong x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Vi\u00d6t Nam. T\u00abr\u00aa, M\u00abrix\u00ac (1900 - 1964): Nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de Ph\u00b8p. Th\u00b8ng 3- 1919, \u00abng tham gia \u00a7\u00b6ng X\u00b7 h\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p v\u00b5 t\u00ddch c\u00f9c \u00ae\u00cau tranh \u00ae\u00d3 th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p n\u00a8m 1924, U\u00fb vi\u00aan B\u00e9 Ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de v\u00b5 B\u00dd th\u2212 Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng n\u00a8m 1925, T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1930 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1964. M\u00abrix\u00ac T\u00abr\u00aa c\u00dfn l\u00b5 nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng c\u00f1a phong tr\u00b5o c\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 c\u00abng nh\u00a9n qu\u00e8c t\u00d5, l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1928 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1943, U\u00fb vi\u00aan \u00a7o\u00b5n Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1935 \u00ae\u00d5n n\u00a8m 1943. TR\u00c7N H\u00a6NG \u00a7\u00b9O (1213 - 1300): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Tr\u00c7n Qu\u00e8c Tu\u00can, anh h\u00efng d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, v\u00a8n v\u00e2 song to\u00b5n, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec tri\u00d2u \u00ae\u00d7nh nh\u00b5 Tr\u00c7n phong t\u2212\u00edc H\u2212ng \u00a7\u00b9o v\u2212\u00acng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Qu\u00e8c c\u00abng ti\u00d5t ch\u00d5 (T\u00e6ng ch\u00d8 huy qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i). \u00a4ng \u00ae\u00b7 tham gia l\u00b7nh \u00ae\u00b9o cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat v\u00b5 l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai ch\u00d8 huy t\u00e8i cao cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n l\u00c7n th\u00f8 hai v\u00b5 l\u00c7n th\u00f8 ba ch\u00e8ng gi\u00c6c Nguy\u00aan. Tr\u2212\u00edc nguy c\u00ac x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec c\u00f1a b\u00e4n phong ki\u00d5n ph\u2212\u00acng B\u00bec, \u00abng lu\u00abn lu\u00abn \u00ae\u00c6t l\u00eei \u00ddch c\u00f1a d\u00a9n t\u00e9c, c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc l\u00aan tr\u00aan h\u00d5t, ch\u00f1","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 683 \u00ae\u00e9ng gi\u00b6i quy\u00d5t nh\u00f7ng b\u00cat h\u00dfa trong ho\u00b5ng t\u00e9c, c\u00f1ng c\u00e8 kh\u00e8i \u00aeo\u00b5n k\u00d5t to\u00b5n d\u00a9n, t\u00cbp trung l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng chi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau b\u00b6o v\u00d6 \u00ae\u00cat n\u2212\u00edc. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 t\u00b8c gi\u00b6 c\u00f1a H\u00dech t\u2212\u00edng s\u00dc n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng v\u00b5 l\u00b5 t\u00b8c gi\u00b6 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c t\u00b8c ph\u00c8m qu\u00a9n s\u00f9: Binh th\u2212 y\u00d5u l\u2212\u00eec, V\u00b9n Ki\u00d5p t\u00abng b\u00dd truy\u00d2n th\u2212, v.v.. TR\u00c7N PH\u00f3 (1904 - 1931): T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n \u00a7\u00abng D\u2212\u00acng, qu\u00aa \u00eb huy\u00d6n \u00a7\u00f8c Th\u00e4, t\u00d8nh H\u00b5 T\u00dcnh. N\u00a8m 1925, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd tham gia s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp H\u00e9i Ph\u00f4c Vi\u00d6t, t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c ti\u00d2n th\u00a9n c\u00f1a T\u00a9n Vi\u00d6t C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00b6ng. N\u00a8m 1926, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd tham d\u00f9 l\u00edp hu\u00can luy\u00d6n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u (Trung Qu\u00e8c) do Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c, sau \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec c\u00f6 sang h\u00e4c t\u00b9i Tr\u2212\u00eang \u00ae\u00b9i h\u00e4c Ph\u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00abng Li\u00aan X\u00ab. Th\u00b8ng 4-1930, Tr\u00c7n Ph\u00f3 v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00e6 sung v\u00b5o Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng (7-1930). \u00a7\u00e5ng ch\u00dd \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00efng Ban Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Trung \u2212\u00acng kh\u00ebi th\u00b6o Lu\u00cbn c\u2212\u00acng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng. B\u00b6n Lu\u00cbn c\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u2212\u00eec H\u00e9i ngh\u00de Trung \u2212\u00acng l\u00c7n th\u00f8 nh\u00cat (10-1930) th\u00abng qua. T\u00b9i H\u00e9i ngh\u00de n\u00b5y, Tr\u00c7n Ph\u00f3 \u00ae\u2212\u00eec b\u00c7u l\u00b5m T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng. Ng\u00b5y 19-4-1931, Tr\u00c7n Ph\u00f3 b\u00de th\u00f9c d\u00a9n Ph\u00b8p b\u00bet. \u00eb trong t\u00ef, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd \u00ae\u00b7 b\u00de k\u00ce th\u00ef tra t\u00can h\u00d5t s\u00f8c d\u00b7 man. Do b\u00de b\u00d6nh n\u00c6ng, \u00ae\u00e5ng ch\u00dd \u00ae\u00b7 hy sinh ng\u00b5y 6-9-1931. TR\u00c7N QU\u00e8C TO\u00b6N (1268 - 1285): Ng\u2212\u00eai trong ho\u00b5ng t\u00e9c nh\u00b5 Tr\u00c7n. T\u00f5 n\u00a8m 15 tu\u00e6i, \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 l\u00dfng y\u00aau n\u2212\u00edc v\u00b5 c\u00a8m th\u00ef qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec. Trong cu\u00e9c kh\u00b8ng chi\u00d5n c\u00f1a nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ta ch\u00e8ng qu\u00a9n x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec Nguy\u00aan M\u00abng th\u00d5 k\u00fb XIII, Tr\u00c7n Qu\u00e8c To\u00b6n \u00ae\u00b7 t\u00f9 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c m\u00e9t \u00ae\u00e9i ngh\u00dca binh tham gia \u00ae\u00b8nh gi\u00c6c r\u00cat anh d\u00f2ng v\u00b5 l\u00cbp \u00ae\u2212\u00eec nhi\u00d2u chi\u00d5n c\u00abng. T\u00a5RUMAN, Hary S. (1884 - 1972): Ng\u2212\u00eai thu\u00e9c \u00a7\u00b6ng D\u00a9n ch\u00f1 M\u00fc; nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de; T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng th\u00f8 33 c\u00f1a n\u2212\u00edc M\u00fc (1945 - 1953); ng\u2212\u00eai h\u00b9 l\u00d6nh n\u00d0m hai qu\u00b6 bom nguy\u00aan t\u00f6 xu\u00e8ng Hir\u00absima v\u00b5 Nagadaki (Nh\u00cbt B\u00b6n). T\u00acruman l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai kh\u00ebi x\u2212\u00edng \u00ae\u2212\u00eang l\u00e8i \u201cChi\u00d5n tranh l\u00b9nh\u201d sau Chi\u00d5n tranh th\u00d5 gi\u00edi th\u00f8 hai.","684 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP TR\u00a6\u00a5NG B\u00e9I C\u00a4NG (Ch\u2212a r\u00e2 n\u00a8m sinh, n\u00a8m m\u00cat): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Nguy\u00d4n V\u00a8n Chi\u00d5n, thu\u00e9c l\u00edp \u00a7\u00abng Du, t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p kho\u00b8 II H\u00e4c vi\u00d6n Qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 B\u00b6o \u00a7\u00denh, l\u00b5 Trung \u00aeo\u00b5n tr\u2212\u00ebng trong qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Trung Qu\u00e8c (Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng), sau l\u00b5 Gi\u00b8o v\u00f4 tr\u2212\u00ebng c\u00f1a H\u00e4c vi\u00d6n Qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 Nam Ninh. Trong th\u00eai gian l\u00b5m vi\u00d6c \u00eb \u00a7\u00d6 t\u00f8 chi\u00d5n khu, \u00abng c\u00e3 li\u00aan h\u00d6 ch\u00c6t ch\u00cf v\u00edi Tr\u2212\u00acng Ph\u00b8t Khu\u00aa, d\u00c7n d\u00c7n l\u00e9 r\u00e2 b\u00e9 m\u00c6t ph\u00b6n b\u00e9i. TR\u00a6\u00a5NG PH\u00b8T KHU\u00a3 (1896 - 1980): T\u00aan ch\u00f7 l\u00b5 H\u2212\u00edng Hoa, c\u00dfn g\u00e4i l\u00b5 D\u00cbt B\u00a9n, qu\u00aa \u00eb huy\u00d6n Th\u00f1y H\u2212ng, Qu\u00b6ng \u00a7\u00abng, Trung Qu\u00e8c, t\u00e8t nghi\u00d6p H\u00e4c vi\u00d6n Qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 H\u00b5 B\u00bec. Trong th\u00eai k\u00fa Qu\u00e8c - C\u00e9ng h\u00eep t\u00b8c \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng Ch\u00a9u (1924 - 1927), Tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00e3 li\u00aan l\u00b9c v\u00edi T\u2212\u00edng qu\u00a9n X\u00abvi\u00d5t Galen, l\u00f3c b\u00cay gi\u00ea l\u00b5 c\u00e8 v\u00can qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 cho qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng. Nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 40 c\u00f1a th\u00d5 k\u00fb XX, Tr\u2212\u00acng l\u00b5 T\u2212 l\u00d6nh \u00a7\u00d6 t\u00f8 chi\u00d5n khu c\u00f1a Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng. V\u00d2 sau, tuy kh\u00abng c\u00dfn l\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b6ng vi\u00aan Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng, nh\u2212ng tr\u00aan th\u00f9c t\u00d5 Tr\u2212\u00acng v\u00c9n trung th\u00b5nh v\u00edi \u00ae\u00b6ng \u00cay. T\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1949, Tr\u2212\u00acng \u00ae\u00b7 r\u00b8o ri\u00d5t ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng nh\u00bbm t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u201cl\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng th\u00f8 ba\u201d, nh\u2212ng kh\u00abng c\u00e3 k\u00d5t qu\u00b6. \u00a7i th\u00a8m v\u00b5 n\u00e3i chuy\u00d6n nhi\u00d2u n\u00aci \u00eb M\u00fc, Tr\u2212\u00acng k\u00aau g\u00e4i ng\u2212\u00eai Hoa \u201cchi\u00d5n \u00ae\u00cau\u201d ch\u00e8ng \u201cTrung c\u00e9ng\u201d \u00ae\u00d3 \u201ckh\u00abi ph\u00f4c Trung Hoa d\u00a9n qu\u00e8c\u201d tr\u00aan l\u00f4c \u00ae\u00dea, nh\u2212ng c\u00f2ng b\u00cat \u00ae\u00e5ng \u00fd ki\u00d5n v\u00edi ch\u00ddnh quy\u00d2n \u00a7\u00b5i Loan. T\u00a6\u00ebNG Gi\u00edI TH\u00b9CH (1887 - 1975): Qu\u00aa \u00eb t\u00d8nh Chi\u00d5t Giang, Trung Qu\u00e8c. N\u00a8m 1923, gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Tham m\u2212u tr\u2212\u00ebng T\u00e6ng h\u00b5nh dinh Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 Qu\u00b6ng \u00a7\u00abng. N\u00a8m 1924, \u00ae\u2212\u00eec T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn c\u00f6 \u00aei kh\u00b6o s\u00b8t v\u00d2 qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 \u00eb Li\u00aan X\u00ab r\u00e5i v\u00d2 n\u2212\u00edc gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Hi\u00d6u tr\u2212\u00ebng Tr\u2212\u00eang qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 Ho\u00b5ng Ph\u00e8. Sau khi T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn m\u00cat, T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech Ban Th\u2212\u00eang v\u00f4 Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng, T\u00e6ng T\u2212 l\u00d6nh qu\u00a9n c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n v\u00b5 l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai ph\u00b8i h\u00f7u, ch\u00e8ng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Trung Qu\u00e8c. N\u00a8m 1943, t\u00b8i nhi\u00d6m ch\u00f8c Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng. N\u00a8m 1948, gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng. Th\u00b8ng 1-1949, T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch t\u00f5 ch\u00f8c, c\u00efng n\u00a8m r\u00f3t ra \u00a7\u00b5i Loan, ti\u00d5p t\u00f4c gi\u00f7 ch\u00f8c T\u00e6ng t\u00b5i Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng v\u00b5 T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng Trung Hoa d\u00a9n qu\u00e8c \u00eb \u00a7\u00b5i Loan.","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 685 U U\u00a4NG TINH V\u00d6 (1883 - 1944): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 Tri\u00d6u Minh, t\u00f9 l\u00b5 L\u00fd T\u00a9n (ho\u00c6c L\u00fd Tu\u00can), qu\u00aa \u00eb Qu\u00b6ng \u00a7\u00abng, Trung Qu\u00e8c. N\u00a8m 1905, gia nh\u00cbp Trung Qu\u00e8c C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng \u00a7\u00e5ng minh H\u00e9i do T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp. Th\u00b8ng 4-1910, b\u00dd m\u00cbt tr\u00eb v\u00d2 Trung Qu\u00e8c tr\u00f9c ti\u00d5p v\u00b9ch k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch v\u00b5 t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c vi\u00d6c \u00b8m s\u00b8t quan nhi\u00d5p ch\u00ddnh Th\u00b8i t\u00f6 \u00ae\u2212\u00acng tri\u00d2u l\u00b5 T\u00b8i Phong nh\u2212ng kh\u00abng th\u00b5nh. U\u00abng Tinh V\u00d6 b\u00de b\u00bet v\u00b5 b\u00de tuy\u00aan \u00b8n t\u00f6 h\u00d7nh, b\u00b6n \u00b8n ch\u2212a k\u00dep th\u00f9c thi, th\u00d7 n\u00a8m 1911 C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng T\u00a9n H\u00eei th\u00beng l\u00eei, nh\u00b5 Thanh s\u00f4p \u00ae\u00e6, \u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00efng v\u00ee sang Ph\u00b8p. Khi Vi\u00aan Th\u00d5 Kh\u00b6i ti\u00d5m quy\u00d2n, t\u00f9 x\u2212ng Ho\u00b5ng \u00ae\u00d5, T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn l\u00b5m cu\u00e9c c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng l\u00c7n th\u00f8 hai, \u00abng \u00ae\u00b7 quay l\u00b9i Trung Qu\u00e8c tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng tr\u00ee th\u00f1 ch\u00ddnh c\u00f1a T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn. Sau khi T\u00abn Trung S\u00acn t\u00b9 th\u00d5 (12-3-1925), U\u00abng Tinh V\u00d6 l\u00b5m Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan c\u00f1a n\u2212\u00edc Trung Hoa d\u00a9n qu\u00e8c. Do m\u00a9u thu\u00c9n v\u00edi T\u2212\u00ebng, ng\u00b5y 15-5-1926, trong cu\u00e9c h\u00e9i ngh\u00de to\u00b5n th\u00d3 Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng, v\u00edi s\u00f9 h\u00cbu thu\u00c9n c\u00f1a phe qu\u00a9n s\u00f9, T\u2212\u00ebng \u00ae\u00b7 bu\u00e9c U\u00abng Tinh V\u00d6 ph\u00b6i t\u00f5 ch\u00f8c. UYNX\u00a5N, Vu\u00aer\u00ab (1865 - 1924): T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng n\u2212\u00edc M\u00fc (1913 - 1921). D\u2212\u00edi th\u00eai Uynx\u00acn, v\u00d2 \u00ae\u00e8i n\u00e9i, Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 M\u00fc \u00ae\u00b7 thi h\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch \u00ae\u00b5n \u00b8p d\u00b7 man phong tr\u00b5o c\u00abng nh\u00a9n; v\u00d2 \u00ae\u00e8i ngo\u00b9i, thi h\u00b5nh ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch \u00a8n c\u2212\u00edp v\u00b5 b\u00b5nh tr\u2212\u00edng, can thi\u00d6p th\u00ab b\u00b9o v\u00b5o c\u00abng vi\u00d6c n\u00e9i b\u00e9 c\u00f1a c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc kh\u00b8c, \u00ae\u00c6c bi\u00d6t l\u00b5 v\u00edi c\u00b8c n\u2212\u00edc ch\u00a9u M\u00fc Latinh. N\u00a8m 1918, Uynx\u00acn \u00ae\u2212a ra Ch\u2212\u00acng tr\u00d7nh 14 \u00aei\u00d3m, th\u00f9c ch\u00cat l\u00b5 m\u00e9t ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch x\u00a9m l\u2212\u00eec nh\u00bbm thi\u00d5t l\u00cbp \u00b8ch th\u00e8ng tr\u00de c\u00f1a \u00ae\u00d5 qu\u00e8c M\u00fc tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi, ch\u00e8ng l\u00b9i n\u2212\u00edc Nga X\u00abvi\u00d5t m\u00edi ra \u00ae\u00eai. Ch\u00ddnh s\u00b8ch n\u00b5y \u00ae\u2212\u00eec che \u00ae\u00cby b\u00bbng nh\u00f7ng l\u00eai l\u00cf m\u00fc mi\u00d2u \u201cd\u00a9n ch\u00f1\u201d, \u201cquy\u00d2n d\u00a9n t\u00e9c t\u00f9 quy\u00d5t\u201d. Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech H\u00e5 Ch\u00dd Minh \u00ae\u00b7 v\u00b9ch r\u00e2: \u201cCh\u00f1 ngh\u00dca Uynx\u00acn ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 m\u00e9t tr\u00df b\u00dep l\u00edn\u201d. N\u00a8m 1920, Uynx\u00acn b\u00de th\u00cat b\u00b9i trong cu\u00e9c b\u00c7u c\u00f6 T\u00e6ng th\u00e8ng M\u00fc v\u00b5 th\u00abi ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng ch\u00ddnh tr\u00de.","686 H\u00e5 CH\u00dd MINH TO\u00b5N T\u00cbP V VAY\u00a1NG CUTUYARI\u00a3, P\u00abn (1892 - 1937): M\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai s\u00b8ng l\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n Ph\u00b8p; nguy\u00aan ngh\u00de s\u00dc Qu\u00e8c h\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p, Ch\u00f1 nhi\u00d6m b\u00b8o L'Humanit\u00d0. \u00a4ng l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai gi\u00edi thi\u00d6u Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c v\u00b5o \u00a7\u00b6ng X\u00b7 h\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p (1919). T\u00b9i \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i Tua n\u00a8m 1920, \u00abng l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai \u00ae\u00cau tranh b\u00b6o v\u00d6 ch\u00f1 tr\u2212\u00acng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng X\u00b7 h\u00e9i Ph\u00b8p gia nh\u00cbp Qu\u00e8c t\u00d5 C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n, l\u00b5 m\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng ng\u2212\u00eai \u00f1ng h\u00e9 b\u00b5i ph\u00b8t bi\u00d3u c\u00f1a Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c \u00eb \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i n\u00b5y. Khi Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c b\u00de b\u00bet \u00eb H\u00e5ng C\u00abng, \u00abng t\u00ddch c\u00f9c v\u00cbn \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00b5 gi\u00f3p \u00ae\u00ec Nguy\u00d4n \u00b8i Qu\u00e8c tho\u00b8t kh\u00e1i nh\u00b5 t\u00ef, tr\u00e8n \u00aei Th\u2212\u00eeng H\u00b6i, b\u00bet li\u00aan l\u00b9c v\u00edi t\u00e6 ch\u00f8c \u00ae\u00d3 sang Li\u00aan X\u00ab. V\u00f2 H\u00e5NG KHANH (1898 - 1993): T\u00aan th\u00cbt l\u00b5 V\u00f2 V\u00a8n Gi\u00b6n, ng\u2212\u00eai l\u00b5ng Th\u00e6 Tang, huy\u00d6n V\u00dcnh L\u00b9c (nay thu\u00e9c t\u00d8nh V\u00dcnh Ph\u00f3c). N\u00a8m 1928, tham gia Vi\u00d6t Nam Qu\u00e8c d\u00a9n \u00a7\u00b6ng. Sau th\u00cat b\u00b9i c\u00f1a kh\u00ebi ngh\u00dca Y\u00aan B\u00b8i, ch\u00b9y sang Trung Qu\u00e8c. N\u00a8m 1945, theo qu\u00a9n \u00ae\u00e9i T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch v\u00d2 Vi\u00d6t Nam. Th\u00b8ng 6-1946, l\u00b9i theo qu\u00a9n T\u2212\u00ebng Gi\u00edi Th\u00b9ch sang Trung Qu\u00e8c. N\u00a8m 1949, khi c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Trung Qu\u00e8c th\u00beng l\u00eei, V\u00f2 H\u00e5ng Khanh ch\u00b9y v\u00d2 Cao B\u00bbng r\u00e5i l\u00b5m vi\u00d6c cho Ph\u00b8p. N\u00a8m 1954, ch\u00b9y v\u00b5o mi\u00d2n Nam. Sau n\u00a8m 1975, V\u00f2 H\u00e5ng Khanh \u00ae\u2212\u00eec Ch\u00ddnh ph\u00f1 ta tha t\u00e9i, v\u00d2 s\u00e8ng \u00eb Th\u00e6 Tang cho \u00ae\u00d5n khi m\u00cat. X XTALIN, I\u00abx\u00ddp V\u00ddchxari\u00abn\u00abv\u00ddch (1879 - 1953): M\u00e9t trong nh\u00f7ng nh\u00b5 ho\u00b9t \u00ae\u00e9ng n\u00e6i ti\u00d5ng c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n v\u00b5 Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc Li\u00aan X\u00ab. N\u00a8m 1898, gia nh\u00cbp \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00abng nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n ch\u00f1 - x\u00b7 h\u00e9i Nga r\u00e5i tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh \u00a7\u00b6ng B\u00abns\u00aav\u00ddch sau \u00a7\u00b9i h\u00e9i l\u00c7n th\u00f8 II c\u00f1a \u00a7\u00b6ng. Th\u00eai k\u00fa chu\u00c8n b\u00de ti\u00d5n h\u00b5nh C\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng Th\u00b8ng M\u2212\u00eai Nga, l\u00b5 \u00f1y vi\u00aan Trung t\u00a9m qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. Trong th\u00eai k\u00fa b\u00de n\u2212\u00edc ngo\u00b5i v\u00f2 trang can thi\u00d6p v\u00b5 n\u00e9i chi\u00d5n, l\u00b5 \u00f1y vi\u00aan H\u00e9i \u00ae\u00e5ng Qu\u00a9n s\u00f9 c\u00b8ch m\u00b9ng. N\u00a8m 1922, l\u00b5 T\u00e6ng B\u00dd th\u2212 Ban Ch\u00cap h\u00b5nh Trung \u2212\u00acng \u00a7\u00b6ng C\u00e9ng s\u00b6n (b) Nga. Trong chi\u00d5n tranh b\u00b6o v\u00d6 T\u00e6 qu\u00e8c (1941 - 1945) l\u00b5 Ch\u00f1 t\u00dech \u00f1y ban Qu\u00e8c ph\u00dfng","b\u00b6n ch\u00d8 d\u00c9n t\u00aan ng\u2212\u00eai 687 v\u00b5 l\u00b5 U\u00fb vi\u00aan nh\u00a9n d\u00a9n B\u00e9 Qu\u00e8c ph\u00dfng Li\u00aan X\u00ab, T\u00e6ng T\u2212 l\u00d6nh t\u00e8i cao c\u00b8c l\u00f9c l\u2212\u00eeng v\u00f2 trang Li\u00aan X\u00ab. Xtalin c\u00dfn l\u00b5 t\u00b8c gi\u00b6 c\u00f1a nhi\u00d2u t\u00b8c ph\u00c8m l\u00fd lu\u00cbn. Xtalin \u00ae\u2212\u00eec ghi nh\u00cbn l\u00b5 ng\u2212\u00eai c\u00e3 nh\u00f7ng c\u00e8ng hi\u00d5n to l\u00edn v\u00b5o s\u00f9 nghi\u00d6p x\u00a9y d\u00f9ng v\u00b5 b\u00b6o v\u00d6 Nh\u00b5 n\u2212\u00edc Li\u00aan X\u00ab; \u00ae\u00e5ng th\u00eai c\u00f2ng b\u00de ph\u00aa ph\u00b8n v\u00d2 m\u00e9t s\u00e8 sai l\u00c7m v\u00b5 t\u00d6 s\u00efng b\u00b8i c\u00b8 nh\u00a9n."]