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b~11::;1ui;;i1~um:w~m'li1,ne:rwm11.h::;mmeJm1'l! 111 'l fl~l/f~f'!m 11'M ' '~ 'Yl 18 \"'l'WnJ(9)'Wfl~l/f~f'!(?l1'i'i'M'Yl 19 th:::'ll1n1'll'W'n'Wnt'l7J'V!~el ~Ylfi~t'l i'l!elJ bb11,mi:l'1J '1J1'l!'W(9leJ if, fl:WL\\?l ti'i, :w rJJflJ :i'.i n'E/ru:::~1 n \\?lel ~:w1 n 2 ~.tiL\"'1YltJel'W'U7l/f'Whl/feJJ'l.h:::nwd'belJ bbel'Wb\\?leJ{iu~Ji,oneJi,bn(?l b~m n1J m::; bbl/f'll7 ~ilti :w1ui;;i1~uel b:W~ m:ii'u:w1 L\\?ltJ'WJ b1J11u~~WJ'W1 fl11Y11, ' ui,if,fl :w bbt'l ::;1WJ'Wfi'i'i:W'l!eJ,i;;i1 ~'Wel b:W~ m 1 ,ti neJ'W m1'l.J1::; m fl! bel m1'l! bbel'Wb\\?lel{iwl/f'Wel17 \"1,hwnfl17:WbU'W'll7~\" (national consciousness) 1u i, i,, 1u ' i., t'l1~'Welb:W~fl1U'Wbfl\\?li'WiJbb(9l'i71 'l fl~l;'f~f'!(?l1'i'i'M'Yl 18 bbi¾, ihw nu ~WJm:ii'ub~eltJ 'l \"'l'Wbb;Jbbn';l,~ell/f:Wfl1'i bbt'l:::b~elbfl\\?lU'1J'V!1l/fJfl'i1:W 'WLUb~tJ'W1'WtlL'iU 1,hwnilnihm'li, fl1'iU'i:::fl1f'!i1bU'W1Yl\"'l7 nfm,'i'i~ ' m'l.Ju'liJJYI f'!,'i'i'M 181 o bbt'l ::: bU'Wbb1 ,irnfl teJu i%1i'1J~'Vl71 'IXbn \\?l fll'i neJi1,l/f{1,i1\"'luni;;i1muumfi11ruf3\"1mJbb'!-IJ(917J 'l :ifu bbeJ'Wb\\?leJ{iu~11 iel, r1'!.J1:::neJ1Ji%1 Y'l'1J~ neJ1 bn\\?l i%1i! n m1 :w bU'W'll7 ~1ui;;i1~'Wel b:W~m1u'liJJ nui, mh1 :i'.ieJ £Jl/f eJ,'l.J1::: m1 ~. ti 'll 'V!'W,~el m1~-n'111'l!m1'1i,btl'Wfl'W'11eJ,~'W 'V!~el \" fl~Lelt'1 3 rin~1n\\?11i \" 'll 'V\\1 J7'W 'V!~elf1J in bb'V!'UJJ77 tJ1ub'l) (?l n7'iU n fl'ielJ b'l) (?11\\,l b'l) (?l'V!~J bY11Ju (\"pilgrimages of creole functionari es\" 'V!~el \"fl1'i\"'l7~n\") ;,L\\?ltJ:w7mTn bU'Wb'lJ(?lfl1'i'l.JnmeJJ~bU'W'U7'Wbfl \\,)'l)e)J(?l'W b'jj'W 'V!7 nbU'Wfl'W~ bn\\?11'Wbb'11J ii, m'l.J'W (b:W n:inni1\"'1\"'11J'W) fl~Lelt'l~ bU'W'n7'i7'll fl1'ifl'WJ'Wel7\"'1\"'1:::1~f1J ' fl1'ii,1i~1'iJ~7bb'V!'UJ1J1Jel£J1J ru d'.ieJJn11\\?11t'l7'JJ1'i1 (Guadalajara) d'.ieJ,i:wu1n (Tampico) 'V!~elb:WelJb1J'i7ni'li (Veracruz) n1~ bb(91\"'1::;hi:i'.i 2 Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism , Revised ed (London: Verso, 2016), 47-48. 3 1'1~1,rn (Creole) ·1-u11tJ~~ n<1:Wl'l'i!i11'll11 L;'mntJtJh-1.1 LLV!bfl111L'i!'V111.lm:w~m '' 11

0 mru~cin?1Jb'V!Ltl1.h~~1n1'HJJdhiJtirnmin~Vl~elt1'11ilel:WbUtJ bUU\\il'll \"' bU'Yrnni1Jnu bbelUb\\91eJfiun~1111b'Vl~1 \"bt!UU'l11il1f5\" ~~6'11l-J1':iClb~U .f \"' :lfoJ\\'Yrnltltl'i~~1 n1':itJJ b'JJ (,Ib\\91tum ill1Ul'l:W n1~ 1 tJJ ~'Yl ib'Vl'Uel n11 1'111eJ1il'Vl1il1£Jtl'i~n1':i b'lfU #11bb'VlUJ6'1J 'l bU'i~1J1J'i1'lln1':iel~1JelJ~eltl'i1'll \"' q (Viceroy) Vl~m!vivnm~1 ~1J176'1J1Ulrl'\\-1Ynnbt!UU'l!1il1fo'l1't!U bbelU- \"' \"' ub\\91eJfiu:f11n11ci n~1n\\911'\\-lb~U'Y11J 'Y11J1u bblil~H:il1(,JeJ~b~tJJbb~b H iuif\"' \"' ?i J ~ bv1 eJU meJ1J b'll (,I n11tl n l'l'ieJJ~ 6'l btlu; \\91 b 1ilYl11'IX1'111eJ1il1~'v'l1J i1:wb~U'Yl1J~b~md'~n11 i'i(,11.fl1'v'l'lleJJ'v'l1nb'll1iJeJ~1Ju~u:nu1:w \"' \"' \" b~ tJJ1Ju n11~ b tlu n1':ibQ 'v'l1~'lleJJn11~15n \\91ttJJeJ~1J b'Y11't!u bb~'Y1111JU 'Jl~(,11 m1:wi1:w flU'llelJ n1':ibf1\\91oif1:W'V'h n ~J:W'Vl16'1:W'Yl'ibbel\\,I bblilU~n bb:WU q 11 b'JJ1~~ bf1 \\91Jl1 tJ1uitJ \\911.fbb'in~~el'llelJ b'JJ1 b~U'Y11Joif1:w boif1:wwmi n1':illi q 'lleJJ n1':ibn\\911U'Yl1tlm:w5n1 n ?IJ b'll11'!Xboif1?im1mtlul'!uiu1eJJ-bb:W11 \"' b1eJUl'JJ'llelJJ71'E/1 f'116'1U1 1J'i'i'v'l1J'i'EI Vl~elf15tJ1l-J1':itJ1'Y1~1J '7 'llelJb'JJ1 qq ~~l:Wl~bb\\,I n~1J:W1 nm £Jfl1Jl'IU6'1 bt!U~ bf1 \\911U6'1 bt!Ublil tJ l:Wijel~l'i~ b'JJ1 6'11:w11ciY111~ b'll1btiu ' 1'111e11i1 ' l'IU'Vl'i!J~e1~1Jl':ib~tJn 13.iwwnt:1 illmmfmnM • ,xu~itJtl'i~n1':i~6'lelJ~flelt bf) l91ihun 1'111:W btiU'll1~bU1il1 ~Uelb:W5n1 ialeJ -=!ii c:,. Clo If I .Q ,{ ,v I .::,, \"\"\" (f 6'lel6'1 J'v'l:W'v'l'Jl1J tJ l'lel1 ill1Ul'l:W bbelUb\\91el':i6'1Ub6'1Uel11 'YlUUtJ:W n1':i'v'l :W'v'l qq (print-capitalism) ~tl'i1n!Jeleln :W1buitJ bb1J1J'Vl'UJifoviuwm tJbUel1ill1Ul'l:W 4 Anderson, 57; John Charles Chasteen, \"Introduction: Beyond Imagined Com- munities,\" in Beyond Imagined Communities: Reading and Writing the Nation in Nineteenth-Century Latin America, ed. Sara Castro-Klaren and John Charles Chasteen (Washingron, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2003), xix. .s Lti\"UU'llcn{ (Peninsular) Vl..i7EJn~ n~' ..Jl'1UL:{el~1EJ~LtiU~Ln'1LU.HtiULLi~:;L~UYrn mir~Y11tieJL..i~mL-weJnwv11~1uvi~m1~m~i'EJ 6 Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Anderson, Nationalism, 57-58. 12

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