MODUL PRO-X KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 2022

9 Jadual 2 menunjukkan takat didih, kekonduksian elektrik dan keterlarutan dalam air bagi alkena. Table 2 shows the boiling point, connectivity and solubility in water for alkene. Bilangan atom karbon Takat Kekonduksian Keterlarutan Alkena per molekul didih (oC) elektrik dalam air Alkene Number of carbon atom Boiling Electrical Solubility in per molecular point conductivity water Etena 2 -103 Tidak Tidak Ethene No No Propena 3 -48 Tidak Tidak Propene No No Butena 4 -6 Tidak Tidak Butene No No Pentena 5 X Tidak Tidak Pentene No No Heksena 6 64 Tidak Tidak Hexene No No Heptena 7 93 Tidak Tidak Heptene No No Jadual 2 Table 2 (a) (i) Plotkan graf takat didih melawan bilangan atom karbon per molekul. (guna kertas graf pada halaman sebelah) Plot a graph of boiling point against the number of carbon atoms per molecule. (use the graph paper on the next page) (ii) Berdasarkan graf anda di 2(a)(i), tentukan nilai X. Based on your graph in 2(a)(i), determine the value of X. (b) Terangkan mengapa takat didih alkena bertambah apabila bilangan atom karbon per molekul alkena bertambah. Explain why the boiling point of alkenes increases as the number of carbon atoms in alkenes molecules increases. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) (i) Nyatakan keadaan fizik pentena pada suhu bilik. State the physics state of pentene at room temperature. …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Mengapakah pentena tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik? Why does pentene not conduct electricity? ………………………………………………………………………………………….. (d) Etena, propena dan butena wujud sebagai gas pada keadaan bilik. Terangkan mengapa. Ethene, propene and butene exit as gases at room condition. Explain why. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 101

(e) (i) Adakah semua alkena larut dalam air? Are all alkenes soluble in water? …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Terangkan jawapan anda. Explain your answer. …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… (f) Nyatakan hubungan antara bilangan atom karbon per molekul dan takat lebur. State the relationship between the number of carbon atom per molecular and melting point. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (g) Sebatian yang terdiri daripada lima bilangan karbon per molekul. A compound consists of five carbon numbers per molecule. Lukis susunan zarah dan lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian itu. Draw the arrangement of the particles and draw the structural formula. Susunan zarah Formula struktur Arrangement of particles Structural formula Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 102

Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 103

10 (a) Nyatakan tiga tindak balas yang penting bagi alkena. State three important the reaction of alkenes. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Nyatakan hasil tindak balas pembakaran alkena. State the product of combustion of alkene. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. Complete the table below. Reagen Proses Keadaan Persamaan kimia Condition Chemical equation Reagent Process Gas hidrogen Hydrogen gas Air klorin Chlorine water Stim Steam Hidrogen bromida Hydrogen bromide Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid Acidified potassium manganat(VII) solution Gas oksigen (pembakaran) Oxygen gas (combustion) Pempolimeran Polymerisation Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 104

12 2.52 g heksena terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen menghasilkan gas tidak berwarna. 2.52 g of hexene burnt completely in oxygen to produce colourless gas. [Jisim atom relatif : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 ; Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik] [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 ; Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure] (a) Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas ini. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Hitung isi padu gas tidak berwarna. Calculate the volume of colourless gas. (c) (i) Lukiskan susunan radas bagaimana anda menentukan kehadiran gas tidak berwarna yang terbebas. Draw the apparatus set-up on how you determine the present of colourless gas released. (ii) Apakah perubahan terhadap air kapur dalam eksperimen ini? What is the change in limewater in this experiment? ………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 105

13 Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi tindak balas antara etena dengan air bromin. The diagram shows the apparatus set-up for the reaction between ethene and bromine water. Air bromin Bromine water Etena Ethene (a) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku. State the type of reaction that occurs. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam tindak balas ini. State one observation in this reaction. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Tulis persamaan kimia yang terlibat. Write a chemical equation involved. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (d) Lukis formula struktur bagi hasil tindak balas tersebut. Draw a structural formula for product of the reaction. (e) 0.2 mol etena bertindak balas dengan air bromin menghasilkan suatu sebatian baharu. 0.2 mol of ethene reacts with bromine water to produce a new compound. (i) Namakan IUPAC bagi sebatian baharu itu. IUPAC nomenclature for the new compound. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. (ii) Tentukan isi padu sebatian baharu itu. Determine the volume of the new compound. [Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik] [Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure] Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 106

2.2.3 Alkuna Alkyne SHORT NOTE 1. Siri homolog bagi suatu alkuna Homologous series for an alkyne Siri homolog Formula am Kumpulan berfungsi Nama kumpulan Jenis sebatian Homologous General formula Functional berfungsi organik group Name of Type of series organic functional group compound Alkuna CnH2n-2 , n = 2, 3, …… Ikatan ganda tiga antara Alkyne atom karbon Hidrokarbon tak tepu Triple bond between carbon atoms Unsaturated hydrocarbon 2. Sifat-sifat fizik Physical properties  Tidak larut di dalam air Insoluble in water  Takat lebur dan takat didih yang rendah Low melting and boiling points  Kurang tumpat daripada air Less dense than water  Tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik Do not conduct electricity 3. Sifat-sifat kimia Chemical properties  Tindak balas pembakaran Combustion reaction  Tindak balas penghidrogenan Hydrogenation reaction Bilangan atom karbon 7 Number of carbon atoms 12 Bilangan atom hidrogen Number of hydrogen atoms C7H12 3,3-dimetilpent-1-una Formula molekul 3,3-dimetylpent-1-yne Molecule formula Nama IUPAC IUPAC nomenclature Exercise 8 : Alkuna Alkyne 1 Apakah alkuna? What is an alkyne? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 107

2 Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur dan model molekul bagi suatu sebatian. The diagram shows the structural formula and molecule model of a compound. Model molekul Molecule model (a) Namakan IUPAC sebatian itu. IUPAC nomenclature the compound. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Huraikan sebatian itu dari segi, Describe the compound in terms of, (i) formula am, general formula, ………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) formula molekul, molecule formula, ………………………………………………………………………………………… (iii) kumpulan berfungsi, functional group, ………………………………………………………………………………………… (iv) jenis sebatian organik. type of organic compound. ………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 108

3 Berdasarkan formula am bagi alkuna dan jisim atom relatif C = 12, H = 1. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. Based on the general formula of alkyne and relative atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1. Complete the table below. Bilangan atom Nama IUPAC Formula molekul Formula struktur karbon IUPAC Molecular formula Structural formula Number of carbon nomenclature atoms 2 3 4 5 4 Namakan mengikut sistem penamaan IUPAC dan lukiskan formula struktur bagi hidrokarbon yang berikut. Name them according to the IUPAC nomenclature and draw the structural formula for the following hydrocarbons. Hidrokarbon Nama IUPAC Formula struktur Hydrocarbon IUPAC nomenclature Structural formula CH3C2CH3 C2H(C1/2H3/2)2CH3 C2H6(CH1/2)2C2H3 Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 109

5 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan formula molekul bahan X. The diagram below shows the molecular formula of substance X. CH3(CH3)2C3H (a) Namakan IUPAC sebatian X. IUPAC nomenclature the substance X. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Lukiskan formula struktur itu. Draw the structural formula. (c) Apakah maklumat yang boleh dideduksikan daripada formula molekul ini? What is the information that can be deduced from this molecule formula? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (d) Tulis formula empirik bagi bahan X. Write the empirical formula of substance X. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Hitung nilai x. Kemudian, kenal pasti nama IUPAC dan lukiskan formula struktur sebatian itu. Calculate the value of x. Then, identify the IUPAC nomenclature and draw a structural formula of the compound. [Jisim atom relatif : H = 1, C = 12] [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12] (a) CxH2x-2 = 40 Nama IUPAC : ……………………… IUPAC nomenclature (b) CxH2x-2 = 68 Nama IUPAC : ……………………… IUPAC nomenclature Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 110

7 Huraikan setiap sifat fizik alkuna berikut. Describe each of the following physical properties of alkynes. Sifat fizik alkuna Alasan Physical properties of alkynes Reasons Takat lebur dan takat didih yang rendah Low melting and boiling points Tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik Do not conduct electricity 8 Lengkapkan jadual berikut. Complete the following table. Bilangan atom Bilangan atom Nama Formula Keadaan fizik pada Name molekul suhu bilik karbon hidrogen Molecular formula Physical state at Number of Number of room temperature carbon atoms hydrogen atoms 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 111

9 (a) (i) Nyatakan keadaan fizik but-1-una pada suhu bilik. State the physics state of but-1-yne at room temperature. …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Mengapakah but-1-una tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik? Why does but-1-yne not conduct electricity? ………………………………………………………………………………………….. (b) Etuna, propuna dan butuna wujud sebagai gas pada keadaan bilik. Terangkan mengapa. Ethyne, propyne and butyne exit as gases at room condition. Explain why. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) (i) Adakah semua alkuna larut dalam air? Are all alkynes soluble in water? …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Terangkan jawapan anda. Explain your answer. …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… (d) Sebatian yang terdiri daripada dua bilangan karbon per molekul. A compound consists of two carbon numbers per molecule. Lukis susunan zarah dan lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian itu. Draw the arrangement of the particles and draw the structural formula. Susunan zarah Formula struktur Arrangement of particles Structural formula Nama IUPAC : ……………………………………. IUPAC nomenclature Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 112

10 0.54 g butuna terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air. 0.54 g of butuna burns completely in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. (a) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku. State the type of reaction that occurs. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Tulis persamaan kimia yang terlibat. Write a chemical equation involved. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Tentukan isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan. Determine the volume of carbon dioxide gas released. [Jisim atom relatif : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 ; Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik] [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 ; Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure] 11 Rajah menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara butuna dengan gas hidrogen. The diagram shows the chemical equation for the reaction between butyne and hydrogen gas. C4H6 + H2 C4H8 (a) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku. State the type of reaction that occurs. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Nyatakan dua keadaan yang diperlukan dalam proses tindak balas ini berlaku. State two conditions needed in the process of this reaction to occur. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Gas hidrogen dialirkan ke dalam butuna untuk menghasilkan butena. Hydrogen gas is flowed into the butyne to produce butene. (i) Nyatakan warna gas hidrogen. State the colour of hydrogen gas. ………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Nyatakan satu regen bagi membezakan hasil yang diperoleh. State one regen to differentiate the product obtained. ………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 113

2.2.3 Alkohol Alcohol SHORT NOTE 1. Siri homolog bagi suatu alkohol Homologous series for an alcohol Siri homolog Formula am Kumpulan berfungsi Nama kumpulan Jenis sebatian Homologous General formula Functional berfungsi organik group Name of Type of series organic functional group Alkohol CnH2n+1OH, n = 1, 2, … compound Alcohol Hidroksil Hydroxyl Bukan hidrokarbon Non hydrocarbon 2. Sifat-sifat fizik Physical properties  Cecair tidak berwarna Colourless liquid  Metanol, etanol dan propanol mempunyai takat didih yang rendah daripada air Metanol, ethanol and propanol have boiling points lower than water  Kurang tumpat daripada air Less dense than water  Boleh larut dalam air Soluble in water 3. Sifat-sifat kimia Chemical properties  Tindak balas pembakaran Combustion reaction  Tindak balas pendehidratan Dehydration reaction  Tindak balas pengoksidaan Oxidation reaction  Tindak balas pengesteran Esterification reaction Bilangan atom karbon 3 Model molekul Number of carbon atoms Molecule model Bilangan atom hidrogen 8 Number of hydrogen atoms Formula struktur Bilangan atom oksigen 1 Structural formula Number of oxygen atoms Formula molekul C3H7OH Molecule formula Prop-1-ol Nama IUPAC Prop-1-ol IUPAC nomenclature Exercise 9 : Alkohol Alcohol 1 Apakah alkohol? What is an alcohol? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 114

2 Berdasarkan formula am bagi alkohol dan jisim atom relatif C = 12, H = 1, O = 16. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. Based on the general formula of alcohol and relative atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1, O = 16. Complete the table below. Bilangan atom Bilangan atom Nama IUPAC Formula molekul karbon hidrogen IUPAC Molecular formula Number of carbon Number of hydrogen nomenclature atoms atoms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 115

3 Nyatakan dua proses pembuatan etanol dalam industri. Lukiskan susunan radas yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan etanol di dalam makmal, tulis persamaan kimia dan nyatakan keadaan yang diperlukan. State two processes of preparation of ethanol in industrial. Draw the apparatus set-up used to prepare ethanol in the laboratory, write the chemical equation and state the conditions needed. Penapaian Proses Penghidratan Fermentation Processes Hydration Susunan radas Apparatus set-up Persamaan kimia Chemical equation Keadaan Condition 4 (a) Nyatakan kegunaan etanol dalam kehidupan seharian. State the uses of ethanol in daily life. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Anda seorang pelajar kimia, terangkan kesan pengambilan minuman beralkohol dalam kehidupan harian? You as a chemistry student, explain the effects of consuming alcohol drinks in daily life? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 116

5 Nyatakan empat sifat kimia etanol. Tulis persamaan kimia yang terlibat dan namakan hasil tindak balas itu. State four chemical properties of ethanol. Write the chemical equation involved and name the products. Sifat kimia etanol Persamaan kimia Hasil tindak balas Chemical properties of Chemical equation Products ethanol 6 Bagi setiap proses di bawah, lukis susunan radas yang digunakan di dalam makmal. Kemudian, nyatakan pemerhatian hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk dan persamaan kimia yang terlibat. For each of the processes below, draw the apparatus set-up used in the laboratory. Then, state the observation of products formed and chemical equation involved. Sifat kimia etanol Rajah berlabel Pemerhatian Chemical properties of Labelled diagram Observation ethanol Pembakaran Combustion Persamaan kimia yang terlibat Chemical equation involved : Pengoksidaan Persamaan kimia yang terlibat Oxidation Chemical equation involved : Pendehidratan Dehydration Persamaan kimia yang terlibat Chemical equation involved : Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 117

7 3.7 g butanol terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan gas tidak Eksperimen I berwarna terbebas dan air. Experiment I 3.7 g of butanol burnt in excess oxygen to produce colourless gas and water. 3.7 g etanol terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan gas tidak Eksperimen II berwarna terbebas dan air. Experiment II 3.7 g of ethanol burnt in excess oxygen to produce colourless gas and water. [Jisim atom relatif : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 ; Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik] [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 ; Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure] (a) Berdasarkan eksperimen I, Based on Experiment I, (i) Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas ini. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Namakan gas tidak berwarna yang terbebas. Name the colourless gas released. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (iii) Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini. State one observation in this experiment. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Berdasarkan eksperimen II, Based on Experiment II, Tafsirkan persamaan kimia dari segi kuantitatif. Interpret the chemical equation in quantitative terms. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Berdasarkan eksperimen I dan II, Based on Experiment I and II, (i) Hitung isi padu gas tidak berwarna. Calculate the volume of colourless gas. (ii) Bandingkan isi padu gas yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen I dan eksperimen II. Mengapa terdapat perbezaan isi padu gas yang dibebaskan? Beri alasan anda. Compare the volume of gas released in experiment I and experiment II. Why is there a difference in the volume of gas released? Give your reasons. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 118

2.2.4 Asid Karboksilik Carboxylic Acid SHORT NOTE 1. Siri homolog bagi suatu asid karboksilik Homologous series for a carboxylic acid Siri homolog Formula am Kumpulan berfungsi Nama kumpulan Jenis sebatian Homologous General formula Functional berfungsi organik group Name of Type of series organic functional group Asid karboksilik CnH2n+1COOH, n = 0, 1, 2.. compound Carboxylic Karboksil acid Carboxyl Bukan hidrokarbon Non hydrocarbon 2. Sifat-sifat fizik asid etanoik Physical properties of ethanoic acid  Cecair tidak berwarna Colourless liquid  Bau tajam Sharp smell  Takat lebur dan takat didih yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan alkana, alkena, alkuna dan alkohol Higher melting point and boiling points compared to alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and alcohol  Boleh larut dalam air Soluble in water 3. Sifat-sifat kimia asid etanoik Chemical properties of ethanoic acid  Asid etanoik bertindak balas dengan alkali, logam reaktif, bes (oksida dan hidroksida logam), logam karbonat dan alkohol. Etanoic acids react with alkalis, reactive metals, bes (oxide and hydroxide metals), carbonate metals and alcohol. Formula struktur Model molekul Structural formula Molecule model Bilangan atom karbon Number of carbon atoms 1 Bilangan atom hidrogen 2 Number of hydrogen atoms 2 Bilangan atom oksigen Number of oxygen atoms HCOOH Asid metanoik Formula molekul Metanoic acid Molecule formula Nama IUPAC IUPAC nomenclature Exercise 10 : Asid Karboksilik Carboxylic Acid 1 Apakah asid karboksilik? What is a carboxylic acid? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 119

2 Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. Complete the table below. Bilangan Nama IUPAC Formula molekul Formula struktur atom IUPAC Molecular formula Structural formula karbon nomenclature Number of carbon atoms 1 2 3 4 5 Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 120

3 Huraikan secara ringkas penyediaan asid etanoik dalam makmal. Describe briefly to prepare the ethanoic acid in the laboratory. ………………………………………………. Air keluar ………………………………………………. Water out Air masuk Kondenser Liebig ………………………………………………. Water in Liebig condenser ………………………………………………. ………………………………………………. Etanol + agen ………………………………………………. pengoksidaan ………………………………………………. Ethanol + oxidising agent Air Water Panaskan ………………………………………………. Heat ………………………………………………. Persamaan kimia yang terlibat : Chemical equation involved 4 Nyatakan empat sifat kimia asid etanoik. Tulis persamaan kimia yang terlibat dan namakan hasil tindak balas itu. State four chemical properties of ethanoic acid. Write the chemical equation involved and name the products. Sifat kimia asid etanoik Persamaan kimia Hasil tindak balas Chemical properties of Chemical equation Products ethanoic acid Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 121

5 Lengkapkan jadual dengan menulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara asid karboksilik dengan bahan kimia yang disediakan. Complete the table with write the chemical equation for the reaction between carboxylic acid and chemical substance. Bahan kimia Asid karboksilik Persamaan kimia Chemical Carboxylic acid Chemical equation substance Magnesium Asid etanoik Magnesium Ethanoic acid Kalsium karbonat Asid etanoik Potassium Ethanoic acid carbonate Kuprum(II) oksida Asid etanoik Copper(II) oxide Ethanoic acid Propanol Asid etanoik Propanol Ethanoic acid Magnesium Asid propanoik Magnesium Propanoic acid Kalsium karbonat Asid propanoik Potassium Propanoic acid carbonate Kuprum(II) oksida Asid propanoik Copper(II) oxide Propanoic acid Propanol Asid propanoik Propanol Propanoic acid Magnesium Asid butanoik Magnesium Butanoic acid Kalsium karbonat Asid butanoik Potassium Butanoic acid carbonate Kuprum(II) oksida Asid butanoik Copper(II) oxide Butanoic acid Propanol Asid butanoik Propanol Butanoic acid Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 122

6 Lengkapkan jadual yang berikut. Kegunaan Complete the following table. Uses Asid karboksilik Carboxylic acid Asid etanoik Ethanoic acid Asid metanoik Methanoic acid Asid benzoik Benzoic acid Asid lemak Fatty acid 7 Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian X. Diagram shows the structural formula of compound X. (a) Nyatakan nama bagi unsur yang diwakili dengan simbol C dalam rajah. State the name of the element represented by the symbol C in diagram. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... (b) Nyatakan maksud bagi formula struktur. State the meaning of structural formula. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... (c) (i) Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi sebatian X. Write the molecular formula and the empirical formula of compound X. Formula molekul : ………………………………….. Molecular formula Formula empirik : ………………………………….. Empirical formula (ii) Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula molekul dan formula empirik dalam 7(c)(i). State one similarity and one difference between the molecular formula and the empirical formula in 7(c)(i). ………………………………………………………………………………………. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 123

(d) (i) Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara sebatian X dengan magnesium. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between compound X and magnesium. ………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Hitung jisim magnesium yang bertindak balas lengkap dengan 1 mol sebatian X. [Jisim atom relatif Mg = 24] Calculate the mass of magnesium reacts with 1 mol of compound X. [Relative atomic mass of Mg = 24] 2.2.5 Ester Ester SHORT NOTE 1. Siri homolog bagi suatu ester Homologous series for an ester Siri homolog Formula am Kumpulan berfungsi Nama kumpulan Jenis sebatian Homologous General formula Functional berfungsi organik group Name of Type of series organic functional group Ester CmH2m+1COOCnH2n+1 compound Ester m = 0,1,2, ... n = 1,2,3... Karboksilat Carboxylate Bukan hidrokarbon Non hydrocarbon 2. Sifat-sifat fizik Physical properties  Cecair tidak berwarna Colourless liquid  Berbau buah-buahan Fruity smell  Takat lebur dan takat didih yang lebih rendah Low melting point and boiling points  Tidak larut dalam air Insoluble in water  Meruap Volatile 3. Kegunaan Uses  Perisa makanan, pelarut, pembuatan sabun, detergen dan fabrik sintetik Food flavouring, solvent, making of soap, detergent and synthetic fabric Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 124

Example: Bilangan atom karbon 6 Number of carbon atoms 12 Bilangan atom hidrogen Number of hydrogen atoms 2 Bilangan atom oksigen C3H7COOC2H5 Number of oxygen atoms Etil butanoat Formula molekul Ethyl butanoate Molecule formula Nama IUPAC IUPAC nomenclature Exercise 11 : Ester Ester 1 Apakah ester? What is an ester? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi suatu sebatian yang digunakan sebagai perisa epal. The diagram shows a structural formula of a compound that is used as an artificial apple flavouring. (a) Namakan IUPAC bagi sebatian itu. IUPAC nomenclature for the compound. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... (b) Namakan setiap unsur yang hadir dalam sebatian tersebut. Name each element present in the compound. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 125

(c) Huraikan sebatian itu dari segi Describe the compound in terms of (i) formula am, general formula, ………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) formula molekul, molecule formula, ………………………………………………………………………………………… (iii) kumpulan berfungsi, functional group, ………………………………………………………………………………………… (iv) jenis sebatian organik. type of organic compound. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Lukis susunan radas dan huraikan penyediaan ester di dalam makmal. Kemudian, persamaan kimia yang terlibat. Draw the apparatus set-up and describe the preparation of ester in the laboratory. Then, the chemical equations are involved. Susunan radas Huraikan : Apparatus set-up Describe ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. Persamaan kimia yang terlibat : ……………………………………………….. Chemical equations are involved ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 126

4 Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas pengesteran antara alkohol dan asid karboksilik. Namakan ester yang terbentuk. Write the chemical equation for the esterification reactions between alcohol and the carboxylic acid. Name an ester produced. Alkohol Asid karboksilik Persamaan kimia Alcohol Carboxylic acid Chemical equation Metanol Asid etanoik Nama ester: Methanol Ethanoic acid Name of ester: …………………………………………… Etanol Asid butanoik Nama ester: Ethanol Butanoic acid Name of ester: …………………………………………… Propanol Asid etanoik Nama ester: Propanol Ethanoic acid Name of ester: …………………………………………… Butanol Asid butanoik Nama ester: Butanol Butanoic acid Name of ester: …………………………………………… Etanol Asid propanoik Nama ester: Ethanol Propanoic acid Name of ester: …………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 127

5 Berdasarkan formula struktur yang diberi, namakan dan tulis formula molekul bagi ester, asid karboksilik dan alkohol yang digunakan. Based on the structural formulae given, name and write the molecule formula for the esters, carboxylic acids and alcohols used. Formula struktur Ester Asid karboksilik Alkohol Structural formula Ester Carboxylic acid Alcohol 6 Lukis formula struktur bagi ester yang terhasil. Namakan ester itu. Draw the structural formula of ester produced. Name the ester. Alkohol Asid karboksilik Ester Ester Alcohol Carboxylic acid Etanol Asid propanoik Ethanol Propanoic acid : ………………………………… Butanol Asid butanoik Butanol Butanoic acid : ………………………………… Propanol Asid etanoik : ………………………………… Propanol Ethanoic acid Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 128

2.3 Sifat Kimia dan Saling Pertukaran Sebatian antara Siri Homolog Chemical Properties and Intercoversion of Compounds between Homologous Series SHORT NOTE 1. Hubung kait antara enam siri homolog iaitu alkana, alkena, alkuna, alkohol, asid karboksilik dan ester. Correlation between six homologous series namely alkanes, alkenes, alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters Alkana Penghidrogenan Alkena Penghidratan Alkohol Alkena Hydrogenation Alkene Hydration Alcohol Pendehidratan Pengesteran Dehydration Esterification Penghidrogenan Pengoksidaan Ester Hydrogenation Oxidation Ester Alkuna Alkyne Asid karboksilik Carboxylic acid Exercise 12 : Perbandingan Antara Alkana dan Alkena Comparison Between Alkanes and Alkenes 1 Lengkapkan jadual di bawah dengan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sebatian heksana dan sebatian heksena. Complete the table below with the similarities and differences between hexane compounds and hexene compounds. Persamaan Similarity : ………………………………….………………………………….…………………………… ………………………………….………………………………….…………………………… Perbezaan Heksena Difference : Hexene Heksana Hexane Jenis sebatian organik Type of organic compound Ikatan Bond Tindak balas Reaction Peratus jisim karbon per molekul Percentage of carbon by mass Kesan berjelaga Effect of sooty Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 129

2 (a) Jadual 3.1 menunjukkan senarai radas dan bahan. Table 3.1 shows a list of apparatus and materials. Radas dan bahan Apparatus and materials  Mangkuk penyejat  Heksana Evaporating dish Hexane  Silinder penyukat  Heksena Measuring cylinder Hexene  Kayu uji  Mancis Wooden splinter Matches  Kertas turas Filter paper Jadual 3.1 Table 3.1 Lukis susunan radas berlabel bagi menunjukkan suatu ujian yang dijalankan ke atas heksana dan heksena dengan menggunakan radas dan bahan yang diberi dalam Jadual 3.1. Kemudian, huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk membandingkan heksana dan heksena dari segi kejelagaan nyalaan semasa pembakaran. Draw a labelled apparatus set-up to show a test carried out on hexane and hexene by using the apparatus and materials given in Table 3.1. Then, describe briefly a chemical test to compare hexane and hexene for sootiness of flames during combustion. Susunan radas : Apparatus set-up Prosedur : Procedure : ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 130

(b) Jadual 3.2 menunjukkan senarai radas dan bahan. Table 3.2 shows a list of apparatus and materials. Radas dan bahan Apparatus and materials  Tabung uji  Heksana Test tube Hexane  Silinder penyukat  Heksena Measuring cylinder Hexene  Penitis  Air bromin dalam 1,1,1 Dropper trikloroetana Bromine water, in 1,1,1 trichloroethane Jadual 3.2 Table 3.2 Lukis susunan radas berlabel bagi menunjukkan suatu ujian yang dijalankan ke atas heksana dan heksena dengan menggunakan radas dan bahan yang diberi dalam Jadual 3.2. Kemudian, huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk membandingkan heksana dan heksena menggunakan air bromin. Draw a labelled apparatus set-up to show a test carried out on hexane and hexene by using the apparatus and materials given in Table 3.2. Then, describe briefly a chemical test to compare hexane and hexene using bromine water. Susunan radas : Apparatus set-up Prosedur : Procedure : ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 131

Exercise 13 : Saling Pertukaran Sebatian antara Siri Homolog Intercoversion of Compounds between Homologous Series 1 (a) Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu carta alir bagi pembentukan asid etanoik bermula daripada glukosa. SPM 18’ Diagram 1 shows a flow chart for the formation of ethanoic acid starting from glucose. Glukosa + Yis Sebatian P + Larutan kalium Asid etanoik Glucose + Yeast Compound P manganat(VII) berasid Ethanoic acid + Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution Rajah 1 Diagram 1 (i) Nyatakan proses untuk menghasilkan sebatian P. State the process to produce compounds P. …………..…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……………... (ii) Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian P. Sate the name of compound P. …………..…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……………... (iii) Tulis satu persamaan kimia bagi pembentukan sebatian P daripada glukosa. Write a chemical equation for the formation of compound P from glucose. …………..…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……………... (b) Tindak balas antara asid etanoik dengan butanol menghasilkan ester Q. Reaction between ethanoc acid and butanol produces ester Q. (i) Lukis formula struktur bagi ester Q dalam ruang yang disediakan di bawah. Draw the structural formula of ester Q in the space provided below. + (ii) Huraikan secara ringkas penyediaan ester Q dalam makmal. Describe briefly the preparation of ester Q in a laboratory. …………..…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……………... …………..…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……………... …………..…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……………... …………..…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……………... Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 132

2 Rajah 2 menunjukkan suatu tindak balas untuk menyediakan etil propanoat menggunakan etanol. Diagram 2 shows a reaction to prepare ethyl propanoate using ethanol. Etanol Etil propanoat Ethanol Etyl propanoate Bahan K + asid sulfurik pekat Substance K + concentrated sulphuric acid Rajah 2 Diagram 2 (a)(i) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas di atas. State the type of reaction above. …………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..…………….. (ii) Namakan bahan K. Name substance K. …………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..…………….. (iii) Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik pekat, H2SO4? What is the function of concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4? …………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..…………….. (b)(i) Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi etil propanoat. State the functional group for ethyl propanoate. …………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..…………….. (ii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini. Write a chemical equation for this reaction. …………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..…………….. (iii) Lukiskan formula struktur untuk etil propanoat. Draw the structural formula of ethyl propanoate. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 133

3 Rajah 3 menunjukkan penukaran sebatian organik daripada satu siri homolog kepada yang lain. Diagram 3 shows the conversion of an organic compound from one homologous series to another. Etena Penghidratan Sebatian A Pengoksidaan Sebatian B Ethene Hydration Compound A Oxidation Compound B Pengesteran Esterification Ester C Ester C Rajah 3 Diagram 3 (a) Apakah nama bagi sebatian A? What is the name of compound A? …………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..…………….. (b) Lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian B. Draw the structural formula of compound B. (c) Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi penukaran sebatian A kepada sebatian B. Write the balance chemical equation for the conversion of compound A to compound B. …………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..…………….. (d) Lukis rajah berlabel bagaimana ester boleh disediakan di dalam makmal. Draw a labelled diagram how ester can be carried out in the laboratory. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 134

2.4 Isomer dan Penamaan Mengikut IUPAC Isomers and Naming Based on IUPAC Nomenclature SHORT NOTE 1. Keisomeran struktur ialah fenomena suatu sebatian yang mempunyai formula molekul sama tetapi dua atau lebih formula struktur yang berbeza. Structural isomerism is a phenomenon where a compound has the same molecular formula but with two or more different structural formulae. 2. Isomer ialah molekul yang mempunyai formula molekul yang sama tetapi formula struktur yang berbeza. Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. 3. Isomer-isomer menunjukkan: The isomers show:  Sifat kimia yang sama kerana setiap isomer mempunyai kumpulan berfungsi yang sama. The same chemical properties because each isomer has the same functional group.  Sifat fizik seperti takat lebur dan takat didih adalah berbeza. Semakin banyak cabang, semakin rendah takat lebur dan takat didih. The physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point, are different. The more branches there are, the lower the melting point and boiling point are. Exercise 14 : Isomer-isomer bagi Alkana, Alkena dan Alkuna Isomers for Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne 1 (a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isomer? What is meant by isomers? ……………………………………………………………………………………………... (b) Terangkan sifat fizik bagi isomer. Explain the physical properties of isomers. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... (c) Terangkan sifat kimia bagi isomer. Explain the chemical properties of isomers. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 2 Lukisan dan namakan semua isomer bagi butana (C4H10). Draw and name all the isomers of butane (C4H10). Formula struktur Nama IUPAC Structural formula IUPAC nomenclature Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 135

3 Lukisan dan namakan semua isomer bagi butena (C4H8). Draw and name all the isomers of butene (C4H8). Formula struktur Nama IUPAC Structural formula IUPAC nomenclature 4 Lukisan dan namakan semua isomer bagi butuna (C4H6). Draw and name all the isomers of butyne (C4H6). Formula struktur Nama IUPAC Structural formula IUPAC nomenclature 5 Menggunakan penamaan IUPAC. Lengkapkan jadual yang berikut. Using the IUPAC nomenclature. Complete the following table. Formula struktur Formula molekul Nama IUPAC Structural formula Molecular formula IUPAC nomenclature Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 136

Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 137

Exercise 15 : Isomer-isomer untuk Alkohol Isomers for Alcohol 1 Lukisan dan namakan semua isomer bagi butanol (C4H9OH). Draw and name all the isomers of butanol (C4H9OH). Formula struktur Nama IUPAC Structural formula IUPAC nomenclature 2 Lukisan dan namakan semua isomer bagi pentanol (C5H11OH). Draw and name all the isomers of pentanol (C5H11OH). Formula struktur Nama IUPAC Structural formula IUPAC nomenclature Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 138

Exercise 16 : Kegunaan Siri Homolog dalam Kehidupan Seharian Uses of Homologous Series in Daily Life 1 Nyatakan kegunaan ahli siri homolog alkana dan alkena. State the uses of members of the homologous series of alkanes and alkenes. (a) Etana Etane ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. Butana Butane ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. Butena Butene ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. But-1,3-diena But-1,3-diene ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………….. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 139

2 (a) Contoh Sifat alkohol Example Properties of alcohol Pelbagai kegunaan alkohol Various uses of alcohol Bahan api Fuel Pelarut Solvent Bidang pembuatan Manufacturing sector Produk farmaseutikal Pharmaceutical products (b) Terangkan kesan Penyalahgunaan alkohol. Explain the effects of misuse of alcohol. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 140

Chapter Review 2 Paper 1 Questions 1 Apakah kumpulan berfungsi bagi asid 4 Apakah formula am bagi alkuna? ethanoik? What is the general formula for an What is the functional group for alkyne? ethanoic acid? A CnH2n-2 A Hidroksil B CnH2n+2 Hydroxyl C CnH2n+1OH D CnH2n+1COOH B Karboksilat Carboxylate 5 Etanol digunakan sebagai pelarut di dalam penyediaan ubat batuk. C Karboksil Antara berikut yang manakah siri Carboxyl homolog bagi etanol? Ethanol is used as a solvent in the D Ikatan ganda tiga antara atom karbon preparation of cough syrup. Triple bond between carbon atoms Which of the following is the homologous series of ethanol? 2 Antara bahan berikut, yang manakah adalah hidrokarbon? A Alkana Which of the following substances is a Alkane hydrocarbon? B Alkena A Asid metanoik Alkene Methanoic acid C Asid karbosilik B Pentanol Carboxylic acid Pentanol D Alkohol C 2 metilbutana Alcohol 2 methylbutane 6 Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula struktur D Etil etanoat untuk suatu sebatian. Ethyl ethanoate Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of a compound. 3 Antara yang berikut, yang manakah sifat fizik bagi alkuna? Rajah 1 Which of the following is the physical Diagram 1 property of an alkyne? Apakah nama IUPAC bagi struktur ini? A Takat lebur tinggi What is the IUPAC name for this High melting point structure? A Butyl etanoat B larut di dalam air Butyl etanoate Soluble in water B Etil etanoat Ethyl ethanoate C Kurang tumpat daripada air C Metil etanoat Less dense than water Methyl ethanoate D Etil butanoat D Boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik Ethyl butanoate Can conduct electricity Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 141

Soalan 7 hingga 10 berdasarkan Rajah 2. Questions 7 to 10 are based on Diagram 2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas kimia bagi alcohol T dengan formula molekul C2H6O. Diagram 2 shows few series of chemical reactions of alcohol T with molecular formula C2H6O. Karbon dioksida + Air Carbon dioxide + Water I Proses X Process X Sebatian S IV Alkohol T III Sebatian U Compound S Alcohol T Compound U Pendehidratan + Sebatian V Dehydration II Compound V Larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid Acidified potassium dichlormate(VI) solution Sebatian V Compound V Rajah 2 Diagram 2 7 Dalam tindak balas I, apakah proses X? 9 Dalam tindak balas III, apakah nama In reaction I, what is process X? IUPAC bagi struktur sebatian U? In reaction III, what is the IUPAC A Peneutralan name for the structure of compound U? Neutralisation A Metil propanoat B Penambahan hidrogen Methyl propanoate Addition of hydrogen B Etil etanoat C Pembakaran Ethyl ethanoate Combustion C Etil propanoate D Pengoksidaan Ethyl propanoate Oxidation D Butil etanoat 8 Dalam tindak balas II, antara yang Butyl ethanoate berikut manakah siri homolog bagi sebatian V? 10 Dalam tindak balas IV, antara regen In reaction II, which of the following is berikut yang manakah digunakan untuk a homologous series for compound V? A mengenal pasti sebatian S? B In reaction IV, which of the following A Alkana C regents is used to identify compound S? Alkane D Serbuk zink Zinc powder B Asid karboksilik Gas etena Carboxylic acid Ethene gas Air kapur C Ester Limewater Ester Air bromin Bromine water D Alkuna Alkyne Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 142

Paper 2 Questions Bahagian A Section A 1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan pertukaran but-2-ena kepada hidrokarbon Y melalui Proses X pada 180 oC SBP 12’ dengan kehadiran nikel sebagai mangkin. Diagram 1 shows the conversion of but-2-ene to hydrocarbon Y through Process X at 180 oC with the presence of nickel as a catalyst. Proses X Process X 180 oC / Nickel But-2-ena Y But-2-ene Rajah 1 Diagram 1 (a) Namakan proses X. Name process X. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk mewakili proses X. Write the chemical equation to represent process X. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) 2.8 g but-2-ena terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen. Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan pembakaran but-2-ena. [Jisim Atom Relatif : C = 12, O = 16, H = 1; Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol pada keadaan bilik] 2.8 g of but-2-ene is completely burnt in oxygen. The chemical equation below shows the combustion of but-2-ene. [Relative atomic mass : C = 12, O = 16, H = 1; Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol at room condition] C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O (i) Hitungkan bilangan mol but-2-ena yang terbakar. Calculate the number of moles of but-2-ene burnt. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 143

(ii) Hitungkan isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced. (d) Terangkan satu ujian kimia bagi membezakan but-2-ena dan hidrokarbon Y. Describe a chemical test to differentiate but-2-ene and hydrocarbon Y. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebotol penyembur pembasmi kuman. Selain daripada alkohol, sebatian X yang berbau wangi buah-buahan merupakan salah satu komponen yang terdapat dalam penyembur pembasmi kuman itu. Diagram 2 shows a bottle of disinfection spray. Besides alcohol, compound X with a fruity smell is one of the components found in the disinfection spray. Sebatian X Compound X Rajah 2 Diagram 2 (a)(i) Nyatakan siri homolog bagi sebatian X. State the homologous series of compound X. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian X. State the name of compound X. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 144

(b) Sebatian X boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas P antara alkohol Y dengan sebatian Z. Compound X can be prepared through reaction P between alcohol Y and compound Z. (i) Namakan tindak balas P. Name the reaction P. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Kenal pasti sebatian Z. Identify compound Z. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (iii) Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas P. Write a chemical equation for the reaction P. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Alkohol Y dikenali sebagai bahan api bersih. Pembakaran alkohol Y menghasilkan nyalaan biru tanpa jelaga. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran alkohol Y. Alcohol Y is known as a clean fuel. The combustion of alcohol Y produces blue flame without soot. Write a chemical equation for the combustion of alcohol Y. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (d) Alkohol Y adalah suatu isomer. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkohol Y. Alcohol Y is an isomer. Draw the structural formulae for the two isomers of alcohol Y. Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 145

3 Rajah 3 menunjukkan beberapa tindak balas kimia bagi Sebatian P. Diagram 3 shows the chemical reactions of Compound P. MRSM 15’ I III CO2 + H2O Sebatian P Compound P + H2O II Q Rajah 3 Diagram 3 (a)(i) Namakan siri homolog bagi sebatian P. Name the homologous series of compound P. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Lukiskan formula struktur sebatian P. Draw the structural formula of compound P. (b) Dalam tindak balas I, sebatian P terbakar lengkap dalam gas oksigen. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. In reaction I, compound P burns completely in oxygen. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) Dalam tindak balas II, sebatian P bertindak balas dengan air menghasilkan Q. Nyatakan salah satu keadaan yang diperlukan. In reaction II, compound P reacts with water to produce Q. State one of the conditions required. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 146

(d) Tindak balas III boleh digunakan untuk menentusahkan sebatian P. Reaction III can be used to verify compound P. (i) Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas III. State the observation for reaction III. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Namakan hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk. Name the product formed. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (iii) Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana tindak balas III boleh dijalankan di dalam makmal. Describe briefly how reaction III can be carried out in the laboratory. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (e) Sebatian Q boleh bertindak balas dengan asid etanoik menghasilkan bahan Y yang berbau seperti epal. Namakan sebatian Y. Compound Q can react with ethanoic acid to produce compound Y which has a smell of an apple. Name compound Y. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Jadual 1 menunjukkan formula molekul bagi empat sebatian karbon. SBP 08’ Table 1 shows molecular formulae of four carbon compounds. Sebatian Formula molekul Compound Molecular Formula A C4H8 B C4H10 C C4H9OH D C2H5COOH Jadual 1 Table 1 (a) Tuliskan formula am bagi siri homolog sebatian B. Write the general formula of the homologous series of compound B. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 147

(b) Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian A dan sebatian D. State the functional group of compound A and compound D. Sebatian A : ………………………………………………………………………….. Compound A Sebatian D : ………………………………………………………………………….. Compound D (c) Sebatian B menunjukkan isomerisme. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi semua isomer sebatian B. Compound B shows isomerism. Draw the structural formula of all isomers of compound B. (d) Sebatian D dan sebatian C bertindak balas dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat. Compound D and compound C are reacted with the presence of the concentrated sulphuric acid. (i) Namakan hasil yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas. Name the product formed from the reaction. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa bagi hasil yang terbentuk. State one special characteristic of the product formed. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (e) Sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan carbon dioksida dan air. Compound A burns in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. (i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) 11.2 g sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, hitungkan bilangan molekul carbon dioksida yang terbentuk. [Jisim atom relatif C = 12, O = 16 dan nombor Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023] 11.2 g of compound A burns in excess oxygen, calculate number of carbon dioxide molecules formed. [Relative atomic mass C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro number = 6.02 x 1023] Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 148

Bahagian B Section B 1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan carta alir bagi tindak balas propan-1-ol. SBP 10’ Diagram 1 shows the flow chart for the reactions of propan-1-ol. Tindak balas I Tindak balas II Reaction I Reaction II Sebatian X Panaskan Propan-1-ol Larutan kalium Sebatian Y Compound X Heat dikromat(VI) Compound Y Serpihan porselin berasid Porcelain chips Acidified potassium dichlormate(VI) solution Tindak balas III + CH3COOH Reaction III Sebatian Z Compound Z Rajah 1 Diagram 1 (a) Lukiskan formula struktur dan nyatakan nama sebatian X, Y dan Z. Draw the structural formula and state the name of compound X, Y and Z. [6 markah] [6 marks] (b) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas I dan terangkan ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti sebatian X. State the type of reaction I and explain a chemical test to identify compound X. [3 markah] [3 marks] (c) Sebatian X boleh ditukarkan kepada propan-1-ol. Tuliskan persamaan kimia dan nyatakan keadaan diperlukan untuk tindak balas itu. Compound X can be converted into propan-1-ol. Write the chemical equation and state the condition needed for the reaction. [3 markah] [3 marks] Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 149

(d) Dalam tindak balas III, huraikan kaedah penyediaan sebatian Z di makmal. In reaction III, describe the method of preparing compound Z in the laboratory. [4 markah] [4 marks] (e) Apabila kalsium karbonat ditambahkan kepada sebatian Y, gas karbon dioksida dibebaskan. • Nyatakan nama kumpulan berfungsi sebatian Y • Tuliskan formula am bagi sebatian Y • Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu When calcium carbonate is added to compound Y, carbon dioxide gas is liberated. • State the name of the functional group of compound Y • Write the general formula of compound Y • Write the chemical equation of the reaction [4 markah] [4 marks] 2 Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan suatu ester dan perisanya. Table 1.1 shows an ester and its flavour. Ester Perisa Ester Flavour Metil propanoat Epal Methyl propanoate Apple Jadual 1.1 Table 1.1 Lili ingin menyediakan ester yang berperisa epal di dalam makmal sekolah. Lili wants to produce an ester in of apple flavour in a school laboratory. (a)(i) Nyatakan alkohol dan asid karboksilik yang akan digunakan untuk menyediakan ester itu. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan ester tersebut. State the alcohol and the carboxylic acid to be used for preparing the ester. Write the chemical equation to prepare the ester. [4 markah] [4 marks] (ii) Hitung jisim alkohol yang akan digunakan bagi mendapatkan 1.32 g ester itu. [Jisim atom relatif : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16] Calculate the mass of the alcohol will be used to get 1.32 g of the ester. [Relative atomic mass : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16] [2 markah] [2 marks] Modul KIMIA KSSM TINGKATAN 5 150