Chess: Digital Sports Handbook

THE SPORT HANDBOOK1ST EDITION CHESS PHYSICAL EDUCATION KARYLL KABAMALAN | RAIDEN TONGOL



Karyll Kabamalan & Raiden Tongol The Sport Handbook: CHESS 1st Edition CASA Publishing 2022



A strong memory, concentration, imagination, and a strong will is required to become a great Chess player. Bobby Fischer



03 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents 05 Contents 07 Introduction of the Authors and book 09 History of Chess 13 Rules and Regulations 17 Types of Equipment used in Chess 19 Glossary of Terms 20 Resources



Chapter 1 Introduction of the Authors Karyll Kabamalan has always been inspired by the intellect behind Chess and its players. As a result, she has become not only an enthusiast of the sport but also the work surrounding it. She gushes over the wizard chess match scene in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone and over the Netflix series, The Queen's Gambit. Karyll lives in Biñan Laguna with her family. She can be reached at [email protected] or through her Facebook account, Karyll Kabamalan . Raiden Tongol continuously accomplishes his goals and his dreams while pursuing his musical talents, such as playing the piano. He is also interested in creative arts, such as drawing, as it captivates him to admire the work he does on his own. Raiden currently resides in the Philippines with his mother and can be messaged through his email, [email protected] 07

Introduction of the Authors and book 08 Chapter 1 A preview of The Sport Handbook: Chess This book contains information on the game of Chess, including its history, rules and regulations, and how to play the game. The book's goal is to give readers an idea of what Chess is and get them interested in learning how to play the game. It also aspires to expand knowledge on the history and changes that Chess went through to be what it is today.

History of Chess Chapter 2 The History of Chess Chess is one of the oldest and most popular While in Europe, chess evolved roughly to its board games. Two opponents play it on a current form in the 15th century. In the 19th checkered board of contrasting colors, mainly century, modern chess tournaments were black and white, with pieces with unique held, and also the first World Championship shapes, each having its own role. The game's in 1886. Before chess sets and the main objective is to capture the opponent's introduction of chess clocks, a single game king while also capturing strong pieces. could last up to 14 hours. Chess first appeared in India around the 6th The 20th century revolutionized Chess with century CE, born out of the Indian game the invention of databases, chess engines, and chaturanga. The game conjuring from India, several methods for comfortable and efficient made its way to Persia when the Arabs have strategical preparations. This is where Chess taken over, then was taken up by the Muslim started its digital era, and online games were world and spread to Southern Europe. invented. 09

List of the 10 greatest Chess players There have been countless people around the world playing Chess. Below is a list of the most exemplary Chess players throughout the history of the sport 1. Garry Kasparov Started ruling the chess world from the age of 22 as the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985. He remained #1 until his retirement in 2005. 2. Anatoly Karpov - Was the youngest Soviet National Master at age 15, World junior chess champion in 1969. He was a reigning champion but disputed, with 160 first place tournaments, he lost his title to Garry Kasparov in 1985. 3. Magnus Carlsen - Was only 13 years old when he earned his grandmaster title in 2004. Magnus Carlsen reached an impressive Elo rating of over 2800 and, just one year later, became the world's #1 in the FIDE rankings. 10

List of the 10 greatest Chess players 4. Wilhelm Steinitz In 1873, he introduced a new style of positional play, which was initially considered cowardly as it differed from an all-out attack style. In 1866, Steinitz defeated Adolf Andersson, the then strongest active player. 5. Jose Raul Capablanca In 1922, he gave a stunning performance when he played simultaneously against 103 players, winning 102 games and drawing only 1. 6. Bobby Fischer During his career, he would win 8 US Chess Championships, become the youngest Grandmaster at age 15, and the youngest ever candidate for a World Chess Championship. 11

List of the 10 greatest Chess players 7. Alexander Alekhine 8. Mikhail Botvinnik He began his reign by defeating In 1930, he became the Soviet Champion. Capablanca in 1927. His primary objective Due to World War 2, he was unable to was to snatch the title from Capablanca, challenge Alekhine. In the early 1940's he which he accomplished with 6 wins, 3 defeated a strong Soviet field for the title losses, and 25 draws. \"Absolute Champion of USSR.\" 9. Paul Morphy 10 Vishwanathan Anand At the age of 9, he was the best player in He became the undisputed World New Orleans & easily defeated General Champion in 2007. He defended his title Winfield Scott in 1846. At the age of 12, he successfully against Vladimir Kramnik in defeated the Hungarian master Johann 2008, in 2010 against Veselin Topalov, Lowenthal in 3 matches. and in 2012 against Boris Gelfand. 12

13 Rules and Regulations Chapter 3 Rules & Regulations In Chess, each player takes turns to make a single move. Players cannot skip their turn; they must move a piece. Each piece moves in a designated way and must move according to its legal move. If a piece lands on a space with an opponent's piece, the piece is captured and removed from the board. Pieces cannot be placed on the same square as a piece of the same color. When a pawn reaches the opposite edge of the board, from the controlling player, it is promoted to a piece of your choice, whether it is a bishop, knight, rook, or a queen. It must be performed with either rook when When in checkmate, that means that the king in castling, as long as they have not moved checkmate is unable to avoid being captured by from their original positions. This includes opposing pieces in a single turn. the king. The game may end in a draw if a player's pieces When in check (when the king is in danger cannot move legally, like pawns being blocked of being captured), the player must find a by other pieces and the king is in a cornered way to block the line of sight of the piece position but not in check-in its current turn. trying to capture the king or capture the Alternatively, a threefold repetition is done, piece itself to get out of check. where each player executes the same moves too many times.

Rules and Regulations 14 How Chess Pieces Move Chess pieces, also called Chessmen, occupies the 32 squares of the chessboard. There are 8 pawns, 2 bishops, 2 knights, 2 rooks, and only one queen and king. Pawns can only move Bishops can move The knight can move forward, except when diagonally across the players want to capture board on its designated through other pieces by an oponents' piece. It square color. It is unable can move 1 or 2 squares to jump over pieces, but jumping over them. but only when it has can capture any piece not already been along the diagonals. The knight moves in a moved from its starting Bishops can move from square. The pawn one end of the board fixed L pattern: two captures a piece when right unto the other in an opponent's piece is just one move, making squared forward, diagonally one square it a useful piece for away from it. tandems backward, left or right, then one square horizontally or vertically, or vice versa. The knight can capture a piece at the end of the L of its movement. Chapter 3 Page 14

15 Rules and Regulations How Chess Pieces Move The rook can move The king can only The queen can across the whole move one space on move across the board horizontally any square whole board on any or vertically. horizontally, square horizontally, vertically, or vertically, or diagonally. diagonally. Did you The reason why traditional chess pieces don’t look like know? actual soldiers, bishops, and kings is because before the game reached Europe, it passed through the Islamic world. Islam forbids making statues of animals or people, so chess pieces became vague-looking. When the game spread to Christian Europe, the pieces didn’t change much. Chapter 3

Chapter 3 - Rules and Regulations How Chess Pieces Move 16

04 Types of Equipments used in Chess There are several types of Chess equipment needed to truly play Real- World Chess. Especially when participating in tournaments, there are some specific requirements for the players. Below is a list of Chess essentials: Did you know? Chess set: A chess set is sports equipment used with 32 chessmen (chess There are various parts of a pieces) completing a set in two different colors. There are 16 Chessboard. chessmen per side(see page X for the specific pieces and their placement). The chessmen’s materials are usually made of plastic Center: The center of the board is or wood, although other materials are also used. The pieces are referred to an area found in the stored in a storage container or cloth bag when not in use. exact middle of the board with four squares. The Chessboard is the ground where all chessmen are placed. It is made up of wood or any other firm material, diagrammed into Diagonal: The oblique line of the two colors. It has 64 squares arranged into eight equal rows and same colour of squares running columns. The rows, called ranks, are arranged from 1 to 8, from one edge to another edge of starting from the lighter side to the darker color. The columns, the board is referred to as a or the files, are labeled with lowercase alphabetic letters. diagonal. Chess Clock: File: Files are the eight vertical In the older days, sand clocks were used to track the game. columns present on the However, starting from the 1883 London tournament, analog chessboard from one end to clocks are now used to help players practice discipline and another end chessboard. civility. There are two clock faces respectively to the player’s movement time. The device utilizes the flag (located between Rank: On the contrary to the file, 11:00 and 12:00) and determines the amount of time a player ranks are the horizontal rows needs to move. A player stops their clock once their turn is done, present in the chessboard. which signifies the start of the opponent’s time countdown. Once the clock’s flag falls, or when the hand reaches 12:00, and the player fails to make a move by then, the score is labeled a loss on time. Types of Equipment used in Chess | 17

Chapter 4 Types of equipment used in Chess Trivia Look out for chess clocks with a loud Box: tick sound; this is an essential quality for chess players who want the sound to be audible but not intrusive. Simply as it is, a Score sheet is a piece of paper used by the players to keep track of all their scores. In addition, score sheets are also used to write down the player’s moves so that the player has the opportunity to review or analyze their game strategy again. Of course, since the player is in the middle of a tournament, they would not be writing out entire sentences to record all your moves. Using Chess Notations also help with the progress of the game when the arbiters require evidence to evaluate disputes. With this, Chess players should use what is called Chess Notation. Chess Notation is the abbreviations for the Chessmen, such as K for King, Q for Queen, N for Knight, and R for Rook. Meanwhile, pawns have no notation, so when a pawn is moved, the square's name instead is noted. 18 Types of Equipment used in Chess

Glossary GLOSSARY 19 ARBITER A person with the power to judge or decide a dispute BISHOP A bishop is a chessmen that can move in a diagonal direction CASTLING Castling is a special move in Chess that allows the player to protect their most important piece. CHECK Check means that your, or your opponent's king may be trapped by another piece. CHECKMATE Checkmate means that your, or your opponent's king is in check. This also signifies the end of the game. CHESS Chess is a sport that is played by two people using a checkered board and 16 chess pieces. KING The king is the most important piece in the game that can move in any direction but in only one square. KNIGHT The knight is a chessmen that can skip over pieces in an L-shaped movement. PAWN The pawn is often considered the lowest chessmen as it can only one or two pieces forward at a time. QUEEN The queen is the most valuable chessmen as its movement is not limited; having the power to replicate any other chessmen movement. ROOK The rook is a chessmen that can capture pieces by moving either horizontally or vertically.

Resources 20 Resources [https://www.mark- weeks.com/aboutcom/ble28equ.htm] [https://www.chess.com/article/view/enjoy-chess-in- the-real-world] [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/chess-piece- guide#6-chess-pieces-in-standard-chess-sets] [https://sportsmatik.com/sports-corner/sports- equipage-detail/chess-board] [https://www.ichess.net/blog/chess-pieces-moves/] https://www.masterclass.com/articles/chess-piece- guide#6-chess-pieces-in-standard-chess-sets https://www.ragchess.com/how-to-checkmate-your- opponent/ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/arbiter https://www.britannica.com/topic/chess https://www.britannica.com/topic/chess/History https://www.wholesalechess.com/pages/new-to- chess/history.html#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20 chess%20spans,subsequently%20spread%20to%20So uthern%20Europe. https://www.chess.com/article/view/history-of-chess https://www.ichess.net/blog/greatest-chess-players/ https://www.dicebreaker.com/games/chess/how- to/how-to-play- chess#:~:text=Basic%20chess%20rules,according%20 to%20its%20legal%20movement.



CASA Publishing 2022