IJAMPS PDF VOL 1

["INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com to create best of opportunities for life to be at its brilliant creativity for the people of the other established ports in the south of Nigeria that have abundance of water resources including the high seas. WARRI PORT: AN OPEN OPPORTUNITY IN SUSPENSE Located in the swampy area of the Niger-Delta in the South part of Nigeria, Warri Port is positioned to drive the economy of the Niger-Delta, South part of Nigeria and the entire Nigeria at large. This port when in full capacity, should be active in the movement of the crude production from this south part of Nigeria with so much of oil wells and expected refineries which also have been grounded for many years, leading to continuous importation of refined petrochemical and petroleum products from other foreign countries whereas Nigeria has the refining capacity for her own oil and gas produce. With a vast number of the elites in this area of the country, lifestyle is grand for her indigenes and to help source and support the need to get best service from shipping and port management is so much inevitable. The need therefore to deactivate and revamp Warri Port have become a daily cry to very well open up the economy of the city, area, and promote best of entrepreneurial activities of commerce. It is very surprising to note that with so much of oil and gas in the region, the majority of the people of the land still live in the poverty border line of less than a dollar per day. This is an aberration to the rule that the goose that lays the golden egg should be well catered for. This therefore calls for a quick intervention and state of emergency call to redress this anomaly that has evolved from the neglect of the area, and particularly this Warri Port in question. The Prospects of the Warri Ports: It is on record that the Onne Port in the South of Nigeria, once handle 80% of Nigeria\u2019s export cargos between 2012 and 2017 because the port is situated in the oil and gas free","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com zone and most of Nigeria\u2019s exports are oil and gas products. In consonance therefore, opening of Warri Ports being in the oil and gas rich area of the Niger-Delta of Nigeria will also enhance the high export level of these products and further increase economic activities of the city, state, region and country when in full operating levels. All instruments required to manage effectively the offloading and loading of ships, and fast clearing of imported goods will make Warri Ports a top choice of importers and exporters which will thereby raise the economy of the area and region and so, contribute to the overall GDP of Nigeria with many locals benefitting in contracts, supplies, jobs, and markets in a highly commercialised commerce for the overall wellbeing of residents and best living standards in the area. (NPP, 1995) The Problems of Warri Ports: It is said or postulated that the Warri Ports terrain is very swampy, and of a river rather than sea environment, and so need constant dredging to keep the depth of bed high enough to berth large vessels for best of shipping of goods and services into the area. However, it is argued that the cost of constant dredging of the channels leading the seas to the Warri Port cannot be compared with the huge losses incurred by business shipping their wares through Lagos Ports. Moreover, the benefits of having the Warri Port function at its maximum capacity overweighs the cost of constant dredging, as the numerous jobs to be created, the ease of clearing imported goods and the low cost of living the Port\u2019s operation will bring in. Hitherto the crave for better management of ports in Nigeria, and especially the Warri Ports, some major problems that plagued it, and negatively imparted on its growth, potentials, and development for full scale productivity in extension also include the activities of sea pirates, hostilities among feuding communities that have hampered conducive business environment. This in collaboration with constant cases of kidnappings, and inter-ethnic crisis and clashes that had driven away progress,","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com patronage of the Warri Port, and by default, caused many job losses, and at the worst, hindered more jobs creation (Okafor, 2019). WARRI PORTS AND ITS NEED FOR UPGRADE TO MEET THE ECONOMIC VALUES The economic gains of the full operation of Warri Ports will absolutely turn around the life, politics, behaviour, economy, commerce and development of infrastructure, and facilities for the best conditions of the citizens, indigenes and residents of the area for the best. The upgrade of the Warri Ports industrial machines, cranes, and container loading lifts etc. is very crucial for the sustenance of the economic strength of the transportation and exports of oil and gas products to generate much more income and boost the economy of the area. The upgrade will raise the productivity and sense of duty to service and creativity in business, drive competitive growth of enterprises, micro small and medium enterprises, and business trades in the area. Utilising the vantage location of the Warri Ports being in the swampy area of the Niger- Delta in the south part of Nigeria, it is well positioned to drive the economy of the Niger-Delta, South Part, and Nigeria at the large. Warri Port when in full working capacity, should be active in the movement of the crude production from this south part of Nigeria with so much of oil wells and expected refineries which also have been grounded for so many years, leading to continuous importation of refined petrochemical and petroleum products from other foreign countries whereas Nigeria have the refining capacity for her own oil and gas produce (Opesanwo, 1995). With a vast number of the elites in this area of the country. Lifestyle is grand for her indigenes, and therefore to help source and support these the need to get best service from shipping and port management is so much inevitable. The need therefore to activate and revamp Warri Port have become a daily cry to very well","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com open up the economy of the city, area, and promote best of entrepreneurial activities of commerce. It is very surprising to note that with so much of oil and gas in the region, the majority of the of the land still live in the poverty border line of less than a dollar per day. This is an aberration to the rule that the goose that lays the golden egg should be well catered for. This therefore calls for a quick intervention and state of emergency call to redress this anomaly that have jeopardized national economic growth as much insecurity have evolved from the neglect of the area, and particularly this Warri Port in question. RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE WARRI PORT AND BEST PRACTICE Risk management being a very well appreciated aspect of live and most industries is gaining major recognition in today\u2019s world of business from the health sector to the operation rig and on to the floating platforms of oil and gas establishments. The needed skills and management potentials are rare and therefore must be given utmost consideration for improved accommodation in the field of practice and so ensure the best application of safety measures had been well formulated, and guides put in place through policies that would enhance best practice to reduce losses and increase profits globally. LOCAL INTERVENTIONS ON WARRI PORTS It is said or postulated that the Warri Port terrain is very swampy and of a river rather than sea environment, and so need constant dredging to keep the depth of bed high enough to berth large vessels for best of shipping of goods and servicing into the area. However, it is argued that the cost of constant dredging of the channels leading the seas to the Warri Port cannot be compared with the huge losses incurred by business shipping their wires through Lagos Ports. Moreover, benefits of having the Warri Ports function at its maximum capacity outweighs the cost of constant dredging as the","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com numerous jobs to be created ease of clearing imported goods and the low cost of living, the excellent operation of Warri Port, will bring to the peoples of the local area, region and Nigeria on a larger scale. The leaders of the Warri area which expanse the adjoining towns, villages, and network of communities, out judged to be waiting for prompt action form the Federal government of Nigeria to reposition the Warri Ports which will impart so much to their economic gains and productivity of the lands captured to this thesis. In furtherance of the plight that development will come faster, have cried out severally to the government of the larger country Nigeria to take action to invest and turn-around the Warri Port for the overall development of the people of the Niger-Delta, and more so the indigenes of the Warri area and environs. According to Ekpo (2019), there are great expectations in the shipping sector, and stakeholders are pushing to reposition the maritime sector which is driven by shipping, and ports management as an alternative income generation spot, for the development of the Nigerian economy. REPOSITIONING OF THE NIGERIAN PORTS In 2021, the Acting Managing Director of the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), Mr Mohammed Bello-Koko pledged to reposition the nation\u2019s seaports for increased efficiency. Safety and overall accountability as a management\u2019s determination to raise the operation of Nigeria\u2019s ports to be competitive with global standards (Bello-Koko, 2021). Some measures to enhance these new developments included the renewal and expansion of ports infrastructures, introduction of barge operations, automation of truck transit through the electronic call-up system and improvement in the sources of revenue and collection. The Nigerian Ports Authority through its Acting Managing Director, Mr Bello-Koko, stated that income leakages would be curbed while, overhead costs reduced, to eliminate monopoly, conduct, formulate, and implement policies aimed at incentivisation for full","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com patronage of the Eastern Ports, to create and encourage competition. In addition, conscious plans to enhance consolidation of revenue funds, and fiscal responsibility for compliance with international best practices, and therefore eliminate red tapes (boundaries) to operators, boost workers\u2019 morale give full capacity building to improve professionalism, intellectual know-how for best of operations of the maritime industry, particularly management of shipping and ports. The hallmark of the Nigeria Ports Authority therefore is to make excellence the moving target and so redouble commitments to continuous improvement as an organisational culture for shipping and ports management in Nigeria (Bello-Koko, 2021). The Nigerian Ports Plc. is one of the largest government-owned establishments, and was set up in 1954, known then as Nigerian Ports Authority, by an Act of Parliament of the British Colonial Administration (Adamu, 1995). Clearly, the Nigerian Ports Plc has played a pivotal role in the Nigeria\u2019s economic development. With a vision in a slogan, \u2018the Gateway to the Nation\u2019s Economy\u2019, this sector is so crucial to Nigeria\u2019s development. The Nigerian Ports Plc by nature, have designed its operation to run profitably, and have continually maintained that status quo, and have therefore met its vision as the gateway to Nigeria\u2019s economy. It is pertinent to note that all ports in Nigeria can work maximally, and perform optimally as the volume of goods imported and needed in the country is huge. Obviously, this spells good business for Nigeria, her economy, and by implication, citizens. This impressive achievement is therefore not only traceable and attributed to the hard work and dedication of its staff and management, but even more so to the support and patronage of national and international port users in Nigeria (Opesanwo, 1995). Osinbanjo (2021), Vice President of Nigeria at the time of this research, strongly stated that one of the solutions to the problems of ports management in Nigeria, was process manual, which he identified would foster an enabling environment for domestic and","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com foreign port users at the nation\u2019s seaports. Process manual is a step-by-step trajectory of processes at the ports. It guides stakeholders on timelines, documentation, payments, agencies, implementation chain and provides clarity and transparency and accountability to curb corruption in the ports WHY THE NIGERIAN PORTS MUST WORK? Nigeria was originally an agricultural state, excellent in production of various food and cash crops, both for local consumption and in some cases, such as cotton, groundnut, cocoa, and palm produce, for exports by the then colonial administration, while finished products, mostly consumables like biscuits, clothes, beverages and such home use materials, were the major imports (Adamu, 1995). Today, imports seem to spread to almost all commodities, and everyday need items for the Nigeria and Nigerians that tend to love more foreign goods than local content goods possibly for show of international and global feel-good factors. Oil boom of Nigeria in the 1970s did not help matters, as the idle status woke up and caught up Nigerians who showed much interest in the quick and easy monies from crude oil and exports yielding much foreign exchange currencies, especially the Dollars. NIGERIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE DEPENDENCE ON SEA PORTS With the principal trading partners of Nigeria being United Kingdom, United States of America, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, China, Belgium, Singapore, Canada, etc. and major regions of Serbia (such as Kosovo &Vojvodina) and Slovenia all of the defunct Yugoslavia. While Nigeria export crude oil, and agricultural products to most of these countries, which in return export to Nigeria (that by implication imports) agricultural equipment, machinery, electronics, automobiles, aircraft, ocean going vessels, raw materials, to modern craved clothing or personal care homestead materials (Adamu, 1995).","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com As Nigeria, basically and fundamentally is a consuming country, by the fact that she imports more than she exports, have a strong trade imbalance in favour of countries she trades with. THE EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE (EPZ) This is an economic designed area and sea-based region that foster and therefore promote the necessity for export-based industrial promotion that aim to exploit the vast potentials and opportunities for export production. This implies that more specialised products would be encouraged to be produced, manufactured in order to create goods for exports only and therefore attract investors to the operative area. The EPZ, in summary, aim to encourage exports, and statutorily, forbids collection of tariffs, and excise duties on goods produced. INCOME GENERATION FROM CUSTOM EXCISE DUTIES The high volume of imports creates very huge revenue generation to the Nigerian treasury as customs duties since 1994, have been mandatorily demanded to be paid directly to government treasury through designated banks. This in addition to the government\u2019s grant of a number of incentives to the public servants in institutions which were responsible for revenue collection in order to enhance better and optimal performance in their duties, and by default raise the economy of Nigeria by adding value to service (Adamu, 1995). THE ROLE OF INSURANCE FOR CARGOES AND CONTAINERS The need for insuring containers has become inevitably mandatory. Oni (2021), who is personnel of Nigeria Shippers Council for Shippers, emphasized that its implication further enhances the reduction of bearing risks by shippers, importers and exporters. The authority personnel posit that the liability cushioning of major risks and losses.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Thomas (2021), Chief Executive Officer, National Insurance Commission (NAICOM), Lagos enumerated the classes of insurance applicable for shipping, cargoes, and containers as: CLASS A The insurance policy which insures goods from port take off warehouse, to the storage warehouse in the interior end user area. CLASS C The insurance policy that insures goods from the exporting port to the importing home port. GOODS IN TRANSIT This insurance policy insures the ground transportation of the good from port to port and transit. It is a more intelligent policy that motivate importers to take insurance cover to enhance transportation of the goods, containers from one warehouse to another warehouse, thereby allowing the cover of the imported goods from the foreign country to be fully insured and not to worry over any form of damages in the course of land transportation in the home importer country, from the port warehouse to the end user warehouse in the hinterland. Any shipper therefore, that do not take such covers, Thomas concludes, could end up in the futile effort of shipping goods from the base exporting country to the importing country, only to suffer losses from damages while in the importer country while in transit for use within. This development of insuring goods is in line with the best practice of shippers\u2019 protection measures. The Nigerian shipping environment is quite dynamic and could be very worrisome. This led to Nigerian Shippers Council (NSC) and National Insurance Commission (NICOM) joining forces in 2021 to address major problems faced by shippers and shipping lines. This was to mitigate major losses of shipping of goods from around the world into Nigeria, and help create better regulation, safety, and strong usage of insurance to","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com replace the former shipper container deposits of cargoes. That arrangement was of more disadvantage as most users suffered from losses incurred in funds paid for such containers, but had difficulties getting refunds of their deposits for such containers at return. Mojeed (2021), Chairman of Association of Nigerian Licenced Customs Agents (ANICA), at Tin Can Island Port, Lagos, decried the importance of the insurance scheme for total shipment protection and ease of job. Okafor (2021), emphasised that the erstwhile application of container deposits, caused much delays and disruptions in the containers rent age and return after import clearance at the ports. So, he opined that the use of insurance cover, was best option to address the cost implications of doing business in Nigerian Ports. He further stated that making the container deposits were mere sanctions, rather than ease the goods shipping and clearing job by insurance covers that was by far better to allow sustainability and effectiveness of shipments getting safely to users. Spelling out the need to switch from the old measures of container deposits, to the new and more actively result yielding insurance scheme, Ogbonna (2021), stated that the concept, took away large sums of down payments, and thereby reduced the overall costs of shipping that eventually culminate into cheaper prices of goods in the local Nigerian markets for living. Inline with this development, the main operators and freight forwarders therefore have taken advantage of this new trend to advance best service and professionalism in the industry. So, the responsibility of container management now leaves the domain of the shipping companies agents to the insurance cover companies, that take full responsibility to return the containers that were used as collection sources, with less action on how the after ports management hold up for all stakeholders, such that any mishap from clearing unto the final delivery of such containers of goods in the interior,","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com measuring up for major damages and risks on products and personnel in case of injuries due to accidents on the road or warehouse haulage. All these costs are taken over by the insurance companies, where by paying standard premiums on the shipping and local transportation form port to port, and further activities of warehouse to warehouse, are fully covered by insurance companies, to ensure risk-freed and managed shipping and port services for best management that make the business thrive better. This again, was noted by the Chief Executive Officer of the Nigeria Shippers Council (NSC), Mr Emmanuel Jume (2021), that the inter-relationships of agents, shippers\u2019 council, and stakeholders to provide best services and foster best practice in the industry was the result of improved partnerships. SHIPPING TIMES The enjoining of shipping times management from abroad to Warri Port would very well help to drive traffic to use the port. Use of the major channels in shipping routes that help shorten the time line of marine transport of ships especially through the canal in North Africa Egypt region to avoid the merry-go-round route of sailing around the African continent from the North through the West down the South and possibly the East onwards to end destination. The time of shipping vis-a-viz the route of shipping that could take longer or forever, and therefore more fuel, and so more cost is a crucial decision to take in the planning of shipment, which by implication pushes up such shipping costs unto the markets. This therefore accounts for the increased costs of products from importers, that translates to numerous hikes in prices of commodities to the end user customers, that imparts on their overall standard of living.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com WARRI PORT FOR AN ECONOMY WITH EXCELLENCE: A TASK FOR POSTERITY Distilling the Warri Ports for an economy distinguished with excellence, is a task that must be done and achieved for posterity in economic development and sustainable growth in business. McGregor Liard, a Briton, as founder, laid the foundation of modern shipping in Nigeria, after he captained the first Iron Steamer to the Niger-Delta Coast of Nigeria in 1832, and then went further to establish the African Shipping Company in 1849. He at the time, entered into a contract with the British Foreign Office in 1856, to supply a Steamer every year for five consecutive years to promote trade in Nigeria (NPP, 1995). The implication of the above event was to strongly make the point that there was a very high demand for shipping of goods, and need for effective and adequate port management to handle the quantum of imports or exports of goods in the country, and by its extension, the Warri Ports in the Niger-Delta. This obviously spells a vibrant lifestyle for the local area. The Warri Ports, as earlier stated, occupy and is located in an economically viable and competitive region that will continually be virile for prosperous trades where much attention and investment is given to it to thrive and produce the needed impact. In the past, major multinationals such as John Holt, the United African Company (UAC), and the Compagnie Francoise de I\u2019 Afrique Occidentale (CFAO) made much extensive use of the ports for the evacuation of export crops loke cocoa, palm oil, rubber, cotton, groundnut, benniseed, hides and skin, and their discharging points for imported goods (Adamu, 1995).With these crops being abandoned in the immediate past few years due to the discovery, exploration, exploitation, production, and exportation of crude oil that almost, if not formally, became a curse instead of being a blessing to the Nigerian State, as it fostered laziness, over dependence on the centre government for","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com hand-outs, which increased corruption, and embezzlements of state funds for individual (private) and selfish gains. The re-activation, refurbishing, investment and total turnaround of the of Warri Ports, will create the opportunity for a repositioned Niger-Delta for great development and economic power for the prosperity of her citizens, or residents that will quench the timeless and ceaseless troubles, fighting, agitations, and corruptions, that have plagued the region, area, and peoples of the Niger-Delta which will therefore, hopefully, regain and rebound the confident people and vibrant economy of the land. There is therefore promised hope for essentially the evolution of modern shipping and best management of ports in Nigeria. The full operation of the Warri Ports will fully mobilise the operation of many other sectors including Aviation, Railway, and Road Transportation Network in the area, region, and beyond, which will by default foster more trades locally that will boost economic activities that therefore will create jobs, and curb unemployment, and instead employ more people. WARRI PORT: SOLUTION WAITING TO DECONGEST APAPA PORTS & EASE LAGOS GRIDLOCK With the current close to 90% of all imports coming into Nigeria via the Lagos (Apapa and Tin Can Island) Ports, there is no meaningful development for other ports in the country to thrive and blossom (Adamu, 1995). It is therefore pertinent to note that the Warri Port among others in the coastal line of Nigeria when opened up will ease the gridlock in Lagos. It will also decongest the Apapa and Tin Can Island Ports, and so make imports get faster to the interior of Nigeria, and thereby create more jobs, and support a high sense of belonging in the coastal states, and the Niger-Delta in particular. Once again, with the taste loving and high class or high life loving people of the Niger- Delta, who by way of lifestyle demand more foreign and custom-made or designers\u2019","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com goods, wears, fabrics, and exotic cars to homestead articles, the opening of the Warri P\\\\orts will thrive so much as the traffic of vessels into the Ports will be very high with importation of such high class and profit-oriented goods. When this can be done, despite the counter-productive nature on homemade goods, and local content, the hyper active nature of the Port will create, stretch the management of the port, but would by nature revive the \u201cWARRI\u201d life as it were, when the oil boom and oil companies and oil servicing companies were so active with the days of active oil and gas business in the Warri area that created the name \u201cOIL CITY\u201d for the Warri metropolis. I imagine how the new slogan would the \u201cPORT CITY\u201d to acknowledge the influence of the Warri Port activities on the lives and economic gains of the land and her peoples in prosperity. This is the whole essence of this research. HANDLING VESSELS AND CARGOES Where incoming vessels and cargoes are well endowed with the improved facilities and well provided modern equipment that match international standards and of course accredited or approved by the international maritime organisation (IMO). The Nigeria sea ports in general must be well equipped and much development made by the rehabilitation and upgrading of its port infra and super structures in order to make them comparable to any port in the world in terms of acceptable standards in the maritime industry, and in technological developments in the shipping business. COMMERCIALISATION OF WARRI PORT One major means to measure or attain best performance and drive best outputs in the port management of more shipping activities in our Nigerian Ports, and especially in our focus area, Warri Port, is to privatise its management","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com BENEFITS OF PRIVATIZATION OR FULL COMMERCIALISATION OF WARRI PORT The full commercialisation or privatisation of the Warri port will absolutely generate the following: Attain new status and so become the dominant business in the area and region. Expand new and related areas of business including skills development for maritime industry. Pay competitive and attractive wages to motivate thorough welfare services and keep optimal work force enviable to the area. Efficient, competitive and profitable inputs in the best operations to boost Nigerian economy. Maintain better and up-to-date management information systems in all aspects of the port. Enhancement of customer service and oriented structure for the end users to best meet needs. To become business conscious rather than government parastatals entity status, that will create a tremendous retention of workforce or boost the number of employs. Unhindered access to the sea port by the land locked states within the region and Nigeria that shall catch the opportunity of the Warri port to import and export their goods. Possibility of stemming international joint ventures for technical know-hows and operation. Raise dockyard industry and create industrial harmony for employment and business. To position the port for investments and attractive business to national and international investors that could come in to boost local and national economies for overall growth.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE OPERATION AND OF WARRI PORT The operations of the Warri ports did not go past without the effect of the coronavirus pandemic (also known as covid-19) being noticed since year 2020 until time of this research. According to Nasiru (2021), the covid-19 pandemic created sever disruptions to the global supply chain in 2020, and the port economy in Nigeria was no exception. The management of the Nigeria Ports Plc. responded swiftly in kind by rolling out a regime of measures that guaranteed minimal interruption to the flow of essential consumables including vital medical supplies and industrial goods into the country. A study by Michael and Melas (2020) showed that the outbreak had a direct impact on the dry, bulk, and dirty tanker segments of the shipping industry. The authors were able to identify two phenomena they called the second, and third round effects which described the decline in oil price and impacted strongly on the stock market respectively. The resultant lockdown on accounts of the pandemic had severe adversely impacted all sectors of our lives globally, However, despite efforts to insulate the shipping industry from a direct hit by the pandemic, the international chain for which shipping is central, according to Kuroshi (2021), suffered a historic low as a result of the virus. It is feared, he opined, that it might take several years to recover from the impact of the disease on global shipping or ports. Notteboom and Pallis (2020) reported that there was a decline of up to 62% in port capacity utilisation globally as a result of the pandemic, Seaports, the duo found out, around the world have experienced a significant decline in calls by container, passenger, and cruise ships as a consequence of the pandemic. The effect of the pandemic also threatened the world economy as there was a looming global recession which stood at 6% on the average. The tourism industry which accounts for10% of the global gross domestic products (GPD) had been devastated by","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com the pandemic and therefore, it was alright to state that covid-19 made global shipping worse, according to Shrestha et al. (2020). FINDINGS The problems of Nigerian Ports cannot be attributed to any one source or government administration, but spanned from one administration to another. One of such policies was that initiated and driven by the Obasanjo\u2019s administration. In 2006, when the introduction of a port reform forced the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) to relinquish cargo handling responsibilities to private operators. That Port privatisation permitted the NPA to retain its responsibilities for infrastructure, regulation, and monitoring, but handed duties such as cargo-handling, maintenance, and security to port terminal operators. The initiative was expected to make for better ports efficiency, but on the contrary, the ports efficiency deteriorated. With 99% of Nigeria\u2019s trade coming from the seas, borders, the country\u2019s trade rest on port efficiency. However, the strict monitoring of labour, control of extortion and reduction of damages of cargoes due to the ports\u2019 reforms of the NPA, as noted by Vickky Hansstrup (2021). CONCLUSION The Warri Ports is well located to serve as a bridging point transportation for the Niger- Delta in the clear production of products, oil and gas being the vast natural resource in the area, and the shipping of this commodities to international buyers. The management of Warri Port from the research was yet to be fully positioned for that export purpose. However, with a planned repositioning and more funding investment, the manpower, security and facilities in place are capable of a turnaround for the best of service delivery, to boost the economy when operated.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com RECOMMENDATIONS Warri Port needs a full reactivation for best of operation, and also to reduce Lagos gridlock. Continuous dredging of the Warri ports needs to be done to keep depth safe for entry vessels. The port needs to be more engaged for exports of crude and allied oil and gas products. More diligence must be taken to reduce corrupt practices by adopting world best practices. Autonomy of operation must be respected for the effective function of the Warri Port. REFERENCES Adamu, H. A. (1995). The Seaports: Development and Performance. Nigeria Ports Plc. Handbook. Lagos. Sahel Publishing and Printing Company Limited. Pp. 35-74. Ahmed, W. (1995). Nigeria Ports Plc. Handbook. Sahel Publishing and Printing Company Limited. Lagos. Bello-Koko, M. (2021). Tin Can Island, Onne, Delta, Calabar Ports Collapsing, NPA Raise Alarm. [Online]. The Nigeria Tribune. Lagos. Available at http:\/\/www.tribuneonline.ng.com. Accessed 19 September 2021. Bello-Koko, M. (2021). Why We Are Repositioning Nigerian Ports Authority. Lagos. Vanguard Media Limited. August 23, 2021. Charpentier, W. (2014). The Seven Major Seas of the Middle East. [Online]. Demand Media. Virginia. USA Today. Available at http:\/\/www.traveltips.usatoday.com\/seven- major-seas-middle-east-103912.html. Accessed 07 October 2020. Ekpo, S. (2019). 2019: Chasing Up the High, Low Points of Shipping in Nigeria. Lagos. Nigerian Ports Today. 5, 23. Pp 68-69.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Haastrup, V. (2021). Seaport Terminal Operators Association of Nigeria Visits NPA and Pledges Support. Lagos. Nigeria Ports Today. 6, 28. Pp 43. Jume, E. (2021). Role of Insurance for Cargoes and Containers. Nigeria Shippers Council. TVC News Documentary. Lagos. Viewed 2030-2100 Hours. 14 September 2021. Kraus, R. S. (2011). Storage and Transportation of Crude Oil, Natural Gases, Liquid Petroleum Products and Other Chemicals. [Online]. International Labour Organisation. Geneva. ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health & Safety. Available at http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/oshenc\/part-xvii\/transport-industry-and- warehousing\/storage\/item\/946-storage-and-transportation-of-crude-oil-natural-gases- liquid-petroleum-products-and-other-chemicals. Accessed 02 October 2020. Kuroshi, L. (2021). The Maritime Industry in the Shadow of Covid-19. Impacts and Prospects.Lagos. Nigerian Ports Today. 6, 28. Pp 18-25. Michail, N. A. and Melas, K. D. (2020).Shipping Markets in Turmoil: An Analysis of the Covid-19 Outbreak and Its Implications. Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect 7. 100178. Doi: 10. 1016\/j.trip.2020.100178. Mojeed, M. (2021). Role of Insurance for Cargoes and Containers. Nigeria Shippers Council. TVC News Documentary. Lagos. Viewed 2030-2100 Hours. 14 September 2021. Nasiru, I. (2021), Covid-19 and Ports Operations. Nigeria Ports Today. Lagos. 6, 28. Pp.6-11 Nigerian Ports PLC (NPP), (1995).History of The Nigerian Ports Plc. Nigerian Ports Plc Handbook. Sahel Publishing and Printing Company Limited. Lagos.Pp. 15-35. Noble, J. M. (2012). Casualty Management Guidelines: Seaways.The International Journal of the Nautical Institute. 1, 8.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Notteboom, T. E. and Pallis, A. A. (2020). IAPH-WPSP. Port Economic Impact Barometer Half Year Report: A Survey-Based Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 on World Ports in Period April-September 2020. IAPH: Antwerp. Ogbonnah, M. (2021). Role of Insurance for Cargoes and Containers. Nigeria Shippers Council. TVC News Documentary. Lagos. Viewed 2030-2100 Hours. 14 September 2021. Okafor, C. (2019). Nigeria Ports authority Confirms, Vessels Traffic at Warri Ports as Piracy, Others Drop. Warri. The Guardian. 05 November 2019. Okafor, S. (2021). Role of Insurance for Cargoes and Containers. Nigeria Shippers Council. TVC News Documentary. Lagos. Viewed 2030-2100 Hours. 14 September 2021. Okwedy, N. (2021). The Problems with Ports in Nigeria: Stears News Limited. Lagos. Oni, S. (2021). Role of Insurance for Cargoes and Containers. Nigeria Shippers Council. TVC News Documentary. Lagos. Viewed 2030-2100 Hours. 14 September 2021. Opesanwo, S. O. (1995). Preface. Nigerian Ports PLC Handbook. Sahel Publishing and Printing Company Limited. Lagos. Pp.xi. Osinbanjo, Y. (2021). Process Manual on Port Operations to Check Corruption at Seaports. Abuja. Nigeria Ports Today. 6, 28. Pp. 28-29. Shrestha, N, Shad, M,& Ulvi, D. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on Globalization. One Health. Thomas, S. (2021). Role of Insurance for Cargoes and Containers. Nigeria Shippers Council. TVC News Documentary. Lagos. Viewed 2030-2100 Hours. 14 September 2021.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Man And Socio-Eceonomic Development: A Syethetic Exposition Eugene Ahaneku Department of Research Institute of Arts Management & Professional Studies Nigeria ABSTRACT In trying to synthetically deal with man and socio-economic development, we deduced from all empirical datum that the terms man and development respectively has an explicative elasticity, and to deal with this topic, we employed a descriptive survey design and explored a nature of man, the model of development and authentic criteria for socio-economic development. Its Problems and the role of the church in the course of development. Development is for man and succinctly, development which is mans ability to appropriate his total essence in a total manner as a whole man, comprised the corporal and spiritual expression of man\u2019s being. Development is epigenetic, being the realization of new or additional data, forms or systems via the combination of already present material objects. However, the basic problem of development \u201cper se\u201d and particularly, socio-economic development is the ability to articulate man\u2019s three reasons \u2013 Theoretical, Practical and Praxique. From this study, the church gives framework or anticipation of the \u201cShape\u201d of genuine human development, thereby offering a heuristic notion of development. The work enwisdomized us that entrepreneur plays an important role in the process of social changes, seen that, social dynamics is a prerequisite of development. Development, the quest for the upliftment of man, is of such a crucial nature that, it deserves the support and active involvement of all members of the society. The development of a just society has a sound economy based as a requisite, as well as human and material resources of the community. What constitutes the ultimate development objective is what contributes to man\u2019s existence,","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com bettering existence, improves performance and greater excellence as a human person in all the ramifications of his personality. EXPLICATION OF THE KEYWORDS INTRODUCTION Development is a burning issue in the developing world today; and it is reasonable to view it within the context of the globality of socio-economic explosion in the contemporary world. When understanding development as the sum of all social and\/or economic conditions which are required and favourable for the integral fulfillment of man, there are particularly two papal documents emphasizing the relevance of socio- ethical concepts for development policy, i.e., on the one hand, the instruction of the congregation for religious Doctrines on Christian freedom and liberation, \u201clibertatis conscientia\u201d (LC) of March 22, 1986 which comprehensively and thoroughly refers to the social teaching of the church in the service of a Christian practice of liberation; and on the other hand, the Encyclical \u201cSolicitudo Rei Socialis\u201d (SRS) by Pope John Paul II (Dec. 30, 1987) published on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Encyclical \u201cPopulorum Progressio\u201d (People\u2019s Progress) by Pope Paul VI. Both documents point out the insights and instructions of the Catholic Social teaching with regard to substantiating and accompanying processes of development policy. The concept of development in public discussion has long been reduced to its economic dimension. Undoubtedly economic development is an indispensible basis of any more comprehensive concept of development; but, it is not identical with development. It was Pope Paul II in Solicitudo Rei Socialis, who has reminded us of this. However, in the process of economic development, the entrepreneur is a key figure. We would even say: the lack of entrepreneurs (or entrepreneurship) is a characteristic feature of under- developed economies.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com The church\u2019s role in the socio-economic development of man (or people) may be definitive in the justification of her existence among the Nigeria people. A major question is whether the church has a legitimate role to play in socio-economic concern\/development. And if (she) has, how should it participate in this great phenomenon of socio-economic development, seeing in the sub-heading of the authentic criteria for development \u201cthe church and socio-economic concern\/development.\u201d Thus, it will elicit various reactions and sentiments in various people; for some, it could provoke revulsion at the thought of playing the church alongside socio-economic matters; in the words of Uwalaka, J; (1995, P.78), \u201cothers could apply for an anathema, and ask what has the Holy Eucharist to do with cassava. For others still, it is progress, it is realism, it is the church in front of the hard realities of life-namely, that man is a being under the constraints, tensions, and demands of his social and economic conditions, and the same man is a Christian, daily fed with the heavenly message and a target for conversion and evangelization\u201d. A person with a secularistic turn of mind may not see the relevant (concern) of the church in socio-economic development, since he or she looks at the church as a religious body, and religion is conceived by him or her as an illusion (Freud, S; quoted in Onwuanibe, R.C; 1995, P. 57). However, it can be shown that religion is not an illusion but a necessary feature of humanity (Onwuanibe; R. C; 1989, P.). Conversely, in considering the prerequisite criteria for authentic socio-economic development on man, one could then ask: are these two conditions of the concrete existential man incompatible, or irreconcilable? Are they ennobling or dehumanizing? Are they complementary or antagonistic? Is a man a sufferer or beneficiary? Before we could go into the full implication and complexity of the problems that could be raised or discussed, We must, alongside with the explication of the key concepts (words), analyze","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com and understand from a general point of view, the denotation and connocation of man as a socio-economic being. From this point also, we vividly see the triangular lens through which the nature of man is made manifest. Man per se\u2019 is unique, but in plural \u2013 social, economic, and political indeed. Hence, in this write up, we shall not lose sight of the fundamental ligaments of man as a being within its (his) social, economic and political developmental stride, which calls for the urgent need to reconstitute the uniqueness of man in plurality of existence. Oversight of either or both will continue to sap the world of its socio- economic and political development thrives, only where individual freedom is neither stifled nor allowed to overflow its bank. For when either is the case, socio-economic and even political progress and development are in abeyance. MAN Man, simply put is defined as an adult male human, (Linux Linex, 2006, P.1060) Man is unique, but in plural. As soon as he appeared on earth, man started making tools. Earliest man may have made some out of wood or born, which did not survive until our times. The first human tools we know are the pebbles; whose gradual transformation and improvement is carefully studied by anthropology. With language and speech, man reach what Teilhard de Chaidin calls \u201cthe power of intentionally communicating to and sharing with others: mental contents and intentions, of developing a culture and a civilization\u201d. This fines expression within the confines of the human condition \u2013 namely: Arendt, H; (1978.P.7 puts \u201cthose activities that traditionally, as well as according to current opinions are within the range of every human being, the highest and perhaps purest activity of thinking \u2013\u201cThe life capable of the mind.\u201d (Arendt. H, \u201cThe Live of the Mind\u201d, vol. I ). The above human condition is in line with Descartes step away from the Greek philosophic tradition which was","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com characterized by \u201cthaumazian\u201d \u2013 the wonder at everything that is as it is. Hence, his expression \u201cCogito Ergo Sunt\u201d- (I think therefore I exist). This apparently is from where we eventually got into the concept of \u201cVita Activa\u201c \u2014 (active) life used in the medieval philosophy to translate Aristotelian\u201c Bios Politikos\u201d \u2013 a life devoted to public \u2013 political matters ( Augustine,\u201d De Civitate Dei\u201d, XIX 2, 19 .) Aristotelian \u201cBios Politikos\u201d excluded labour- the way of life of the salve, free craftsmanship and the acquisitive life of the merchant. In other words, any life devoid of freedom or in which freedom is put into parenthesis, does not qualify to be a \u201cBios Politikos\u201d . In the middle ages, \u201cBios Politikos\u201d denoted explicitly only the realm of human affairs, and great emphasis was laid on action or praxis, (Arendt, H, H.C, P.13). A further preliminary remark about \u201cman\u201d remains fundamental to the understanding of the terms, \u201cvita activa\u201d - (active life) and vita contemplativa\u201d \u2013 (contemplative life) as well as the relationship existing between the two. Notwithstanding, to steer the middle course of complementarity between the two, Arendt buttressed that,\u201d the term \u201cvita active\u201d presupposes that the concern underlying all its activities is not the same as, and is neither superior nor inferior to, the central concern of the \u201c vita contemplativa\u201d. Proper understanding of the two terms should take into account this conceptual \u201cIndigence Reciproque\u201d between them. In its traditional philosophical perspective, man is seen as a person. A person is an individual (possessing a spiritual nature). This definition contains a genius (individual) and a specific difference (Ps. 55. Pa) possessing a spiritual nature. An individual being is a being which is one in itself and","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com distinct from all other beings (his uniqueness and plurality). All real beings are individuals; general entities exist only in the mind. But all real beings are not individual in the same way\u2026 Coming to man possessing a spiritual nature; by spiritual means immaterial, whether completely immaterial, without even extrinsic dependence on matter, or incompletely, with some extrinsic dependence on matter. While describing man\u2019s nature in this modern time Iroegbu, P. (1994, Ps. 61-62) came up with the ideas of \u201cHomo Instrumentalist, Homo Technologicus\u201d, encapsulated man; man - machine etc. Man \u201cZoon Politikon\u201d Aristotle\u2019s zoon politikon underscores not only the political, but also the social nature of man. Thomas Aquinas, reading between lines saw in Aristotle\u2019s \u201czoon politikon\u201d a dimension that has accentuated by Aristotle: \u201cMan is by nature \u2018political\u2019 that is social\u201d. It is however, surprising to note that Aquinas translation of \u201czoon politikon\u201d did include \u201cpoliticus\u201d and \u201csocialis\u201d - the latter being Roman in original and without equivalent in Greek language and thought. The absence of the word \u201cpoliticus\u201d in the \u201cindex Rerum\u201d (wide at things) to the Tauriniah edition of Aquinas\u201d shows how the Latin usage of the word \u201csociatas\u201d originally had political overtones, for it \u201cindicated an alliance between people for a specific purpose, as when man is organizing in other to rule others or to commit a crime\u201d. Such organization, Akam, J.B; (1991,P.133), were not basic to human condition. Only later development of \u201cSocietas Generis Humane-\u201c (society of human race) ranked the term \u201csocial\u201d as a fundamental human condition and this development reached a stage where it became inconceivable for man to live outside the company of other man. Man \u201c Zoon Logon Ekhon\u201d.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com The first Aristotelian definition of man as \u201c Zoon Politikon \u201c (political animal) was meant both to situate man at the domain where he is actually a human being and to mark the clear-cut distinction and opposition between political life and the natural association experienced in house-hold life. But the first-definition interpreted by Aquinas to \u201cman is by nature\u2026. Social, \u201ccannot be fully understood except in the context of Aristotle\u2019s second definition of man: Man is \u201cZoon Logon Ekhon\u201d \u2013 (a living being capable of speech) when translated into Latin, this definition suffered another misinterpretation for \u201cZoon Logon Ekhon\u201d was rendered by Animal Rationale (rational animal). Granted speech presupposes reason, speech and reason cannot be synonymous. Indeed, though he who has no reason cannot speak meaningfully, he who cannot speak can reason. It is evident that Aristotle\u2019s attempts were not meant to give pure definition of man, but rather, to formulate\u201d the current opinion of the Polis about man and the political way of life\u2026, an opinion in which \u201ceverybody outside the Polis\u2026. was analogous; deprived not of the faculty of speech, but of the way of life in which speech and only speech made sense, and where the central concern of all citizens was to talk with each other \u201c(Arendt, H., H.C, 1931, P.27) Surely, people \u201ctalk with each other\u201d in their homes but not as equals. (Arendt, H; H.C; P. 32). Encapsulation Man. Encapsulation of the human being is the boiling, enslavement and conversion of the person into the restrictions of gadgets: this means man put into the machine, in one word: enmachinized. Without this machine nowadays, he can neither live, nor move, nor have his being. Nature goes. The machine lives. Spontaneity descends. Artificiality reigns. Rhythm vanishes. Speed rules. Living dies. Stress dominates Authenticity. Man \u2013 Machine Exchanges","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com The biblical injunction to conquer and subdue the earth has factually been exegised as\u201d Man shall become the machine, and the machine becomes the man\u201d. For instance, an Astronaut who is on space flight (to the moon), is heavily gadgeted like a machine. He is great, but encapsulated, in his gadgetary, he is more of a robot than a human being. He is no longer free, safe or alive except in these complicated myriad of instruments, and once there is a little miss, a touch of a wrong button; holds your breath! He is shattered, blown up like the burst tube of a vehicle being driven at 300 kph. This is a typical example of man become an animal technologicus and consequently a homo instrumentalis\u201d Conversely, the machine, computers, calculators etc, take on humanity .They think, write, record, and recall to memory the data of human life and experiences. Further in the process, technology has successfully studied the human brain in the language of servo-machinisim. This is automatic regulation or principle of automation. (Iroegbu, P., Ibidem, P. 62) Thus, when we talk of \u201cVita activa,\u201d all supernatural dimensions are excluded. The foundation of \u201cVita activa\u201d is the word and it is meaningful only in the world of men and of man - made things. The \u201cvita activa\u201d; human life in so far as it actively engaged in doing something, is always rooted in a world of men, and man-made things which it never have or altogether transcends. SOCIO-ECONOMICS. The term \u201cSocio-Economic: is a composite word from two words-\u201cSocial\u201d and \u201ceconomic\u201d. Hence, we can as well talk of man as a social being and ,man as an economic being.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com (a) Man As a Social Being: Uwalaka, J, (1995,P.78) once opined, \u201cmost mankind, lettered or unlettered, philosophers or theologian; rich or poor, consciously, except for some few anarchist movements or the incurable controversationalist or the emerging counter culture movements, have assumed it as curdo. This means that, he is destined to live in society with others. In sync with this, Martin Buber said, \u201cHuman persons are essentially directed towards each other\u201d. To be man is to be fellow man\u2026. Man becomes only in contact with those who have already become. Only in relation with a \u201cthou\u201d can man become an \u201cI\u201d (cited in Onwuanibe, R.C; 1995, Ps. 78-79). The above is not far from the thought of George Mead; (1977, P.115) who holds that any \u201cI\u201d experience however remains an empty impulse of energy unless it is made meaningful, definable through the mediation of the \u201cme\u201d. The \u201cme\u201d is the image each person receives of himself or herself by the response of others to his or her actions. Again, imperative for us is to call to mind that Aristotle in his erudity defined man as a Zoon Politikon (political animal, i.e., he is destined to realize himself fully in Polis (city state). Thomas Aquinas not without controversy translated this as animal socialis (homi est naturaliter politicus id est socialis). Obiora I., (1992, P.55), also emphasizing on the relationship between person and society echoed, \u201cthe human person is a social being by its nature - that is by its innate need and its co-natural inclination to communicate with others\u201d. This human sociality is the basis of all forms of society and of the ethical requirement which is inscribed in it. Man is not","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com sufficient in himself to attain his full development; he needs others in a society. African (Igbo) culture solved this dilemma in existential wisdom by maintaining as Mbiti, J.S, once formulated it \u201cI am because we are, and since we are, I am\u201d. In resume, the horizon of \u201cSelf\u201d in African metaphysics is essentially towards others. It is self-in-relation to-others, a being \u2013 with - others. Temples, P.,(1959, P.103) expresses this fundamental category of understanding \u201cself\u201d in African ( Bantu, philosophy thus;). \u201cJust as Bantu (black African) ontology is opposed to the European concept of individuated things existing in themselves, isolated from others, so Bantu psychology cannot conceive of man as an individual, as a force existing by itself and apart from its ontological relationship with other living beings and from its connection with animals or unanimated forces around it. Ipso facto, individuals become real only in relationship with others, in a community or group. It is the community which makes the individuals, to the extent that without the community, the individual has no existence. In lieu of this, the African is not just \u201ca being\u201d, but \u201ca being-with\u201d, a being-with-others or as pointed ab initio, the African self is defined in terms of \u201cwe existence\u201d just as much as \u201cwe\u201d in \u201cexistence\u201d through social interactions. Interesting to note is that, other naturalistic metaphysicians like John Dewey also conceived man and all other existing things, not discretely, but essentially in relation to others. Furthermore, \u201cDasein\u201d or \u201cman\u201d as a being-with-others is a clear view of Martin Heidegger.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Conversely, considering man as a social being in the African world, in its naturally, and even in existentialist philosophies (as Heidegger\u2019s) it must be admitted that \u201cdynamic\u201d rather that \u201cStatic\u201d is indeed a fundamental category of understanding and interpreting all realities, man inclusive but much unlike in African Philosophy; reality is of the bottom monistic, consisting only the tangible, the visible, the verifiable; whereas the African universe includes the visible and invisible; material and spiritual; time and eternity, all interconnected and mutually interacting. It is a universe, as we said above, Okola B.C. (1993, P7) in which everybody, likewise everything, is linked up to every other person or thing through a complex network of spiritual relationships into a kind of mystical body\u201d All reality (man inclusive) for the African or in African metaphysics portrays some sort of concord or in Leibnizian terminology \u201cpre-established harmony\u201d. Every existing thing or event contributes to universal order or harmony or to its destruction. It does mean that both man and other things, visible and invisible, form the great \u201cchain of beings\u201d which makes up African universe. In sync, Prof. Ruch E.A; and Dr. K.C. Anyanwa (1981, P.328) adumbrated, as one, in which everybody is linked with all the other members, living or dead, through a complex network of spiritual relationships into a kind of mystical body. Ipso facto, it becomes a conditio sine qua non that naturally for the African and in the African world, every person (man) must socialize in the communal of existence. Once again, in its macro dimension, \u201cAfrican self\u201d as a \u201cbeing \u2013 with\u201d is seen in its ontological relations, not just of self or man to man, but self\/man to all reality; material and spiritual; visible and invisible. The self is conceived essentially in terms of social relations, a being with \u2013 others to an extent that the African could as well echo \u201ccognatus ergo sum\u201d (I am related to others therefore I exist) to borrow Descartes know expression, \u2018Cogito Ergo Sum.\u2019 Descartes, R; (1977, P. 167). This social nature of man","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com had already been designed by God when in the Genesis account of the bible he voiced \u201cIt is not good that man should be alone\u201d (Gen. 2:18). No one should start thinking of marriage here, for the simple message is that \u201cto realize their full values as persons, human beings need the company of others, so that the existence of a community of persons is a function of being a person\u201d (Edmund, Hill, 1984, P.132). \u201cGauduim et Spes, the greatest expression of the modern thinking of the Church on this issue, emphasized that social interaction is a constitutive element of man, and unless he so acts, he is not being truly human. Above all, man in his milieu has been variously described as Sphinz-grade animal, the \u201cpanthamanta\u201d of all things etc. Yet, despite all these economy as man, he is a weak animal when compared with his \u201cevolutionary primate-monkey. Man\u2019s Incompleteness moves him forward to seek union with his fellow beings. Hence, his Aristotelian description as \u201c ens socialis\u201d ( a social being). He is in the society as an \u201cImago Dei\u201d( Divine image of God) endowed with fundamental rights and obligations which emanate from his nature. These rights include the right to life. The right to procreate and sustain his progeny; freedom of conscience and of speech; right to private property and liberty. All these are inalienable rights of man, because they flow from his natural constitution. Man as an Economic being: Uwalaka, J. (1995, P. 80), Man as an economic being, technically today could mean many things to many men; but the usage here, is simply to mean that \u201cMan struggles to ensure his material survival and that of his society. If we recall the reasons advanced by some that made men seek social life, we would see that economic Interest were heavily mentioned, e.g Locke J; saw it as a means of protecting property owners; Hobbes, as a way of regulating society involved in material acquisition. Marx is famous in invoking","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com economic struggles as at the root of the society. For the meantime , we are content to say that economic activities are veryimportant in social life. Man must work for he must live. As a part of any society\u2019s daily business, there must be the necessity of altering the physical world so that human needs are met. Our early ancestors, \u201cUwalaka, J. (Ibid. P.81) solved their problems through hunting and gathering, accepting natures product in their ( more or less) unaltered state. But in an age of science and technology, great population, the society is faced with the problem of meeting people\u2019s demands in the midst of scare resources. Reasonably, there has been a diverse views towards economic activities\u2019 growth; some, says Thought (1963, P. 500) see the goal of economic activities as increase in wealth, others talk of economic growth, some talk of increase of exports, and still others talk of reducing unemployment. These are both seen as means to a greater end which is to contribute to a satisfying human environment in which all people participate and are valued. This implies reducing absolute material poverty as much as possible which is expressed not only in the in adequacy of food; clothing and material things but in a condition which people are excluded from, most of the benefits of the wealth in society and its dynamic civilization. From all our analysis, one can see that the relation between economic activity and the concrete existential man and not the abstract, bodiless, passionless, statistical homo economics of the micro and macro economist is very complicated and a serious affair, for it has to do with life and death. Hence, in considering man as an economic being, we are confronted with question of the material survival of individuals in society, i.e, material wellbeing.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com DEVELOPMENT The fundamental contrasting term for development is envelopment, to put in an envelope, to cover, fold or veil in. Etymologically, the word, \u201cdevelopment\u201d is of French origin: developer, de, un; and velopper - wrap. To develop literally means to unwrap. Thus, development is the un-growth of what was enveloped, hidden or latent. Structurally, development is epigenetic in the sense of being the realization of new or additional data, forms or systems via the combination or employment of already present material objects. This distinguishes development from creation; the later of which demands \u201cex nihilo\u201d starting point. In this undermental sense of taking out of envelopment, development opined Irogbe, P is applicable to a wide generality of areas like child development in which the child develops its natural powers and talents from infancy via adolescence to adulthood; personality development in which the individual un-earths his different personal and characterial qualities and capacities; language development in which a given language grows to meet new elements of communication, vocabulary and contact. An early development theorist, Joseph A, Schum-Petere; (1912) used the concept of innovations to identify development. Innovations are symbiotically both technico- economic and politico-social and to both he gives the name Einchwung (unfolding, evolution, development). A French man Perroux, Francois; (1964, Pp. 155-171) later defined development as, \u201cthe combination of mental and social changes of a people which enable them to increase, cumulatively and permanently, their total real production.\u201d He further","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com advances that development is achieved fully in the measure that by reciprocity of services, it prepares the way for reciprocity of consciousness. In sync, Marx, K, (1964, P. 138) a global known socialist gave a holistic definition of development as man\u2019s ability to appropriate his total essence in a total manner, as a whole man. It is a historical vision in which mankind assumes control of his destiny. In the same transcending holistic view, Vincent Cosmac, (1967, P.581) said\u2019 we are therefore led beyond the integration of social development with economic development of in other words, of the non-economic factors to a vision of history in which mankind takes hold of its collective destiny humanizing it for the benefit of the whole man and of all men. Above all, the raison d\u2019 etre of progress and development has been truncated as it concentrates on what Michael Norro of Louvain calls the race for abundance. The big question is, \u201cdoes development and its efforts as is evidenced in this modern space age satisfy the four menstruations of being-corporeality, intellectuality, will-fullness and spirituality\u201d as explicated by the Zairian philosopher, Oleko Nkombe? Oleko maintains that the basic problem of development is the ability to articulate man\u2019s three reasons: the theoretical understood as the intellective, the practical and the praxique, i.e the behavioural and ethical. Such a development will keep to a healthy balance the two poles of the human person. Ipso facto constitute the correct architectonic of development. a. Having: basically material acquisition and employment. b. Being or Sense: the internal qualitative content that gives ultimate meaning to a person\u2019s being. Hence one easily recalls Gabriel Marcel\u2019s book: Etre et Avoir (Being","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com and having) and underlines the one, (Having) being the terminus a quo; while the other (being) is the terminus a quem. Thus, being is the purpose, and or reason of having. In this light, successful development is one that makes us be more via having more of what is ontologically and theleologically necessary. Consequently, all development has more. Any having more must be in view of being more. DEVELOPMENT MODLES Departure: From the perspective of anthropologies-cultural epistemology, there are three progressive stages in human beings interpretation of reality. These are the pre-logical, the logical and the hyper-logical. These three have parallels in a threefold societal cultural evolution, viz: a mystical, a speculative and an aesthetic prung that apexes in advanced philosophical theorizing. James Mark Balwin (1915, PP. 26-29) the author of the above categorization from a physiological view point understands the pre-logical to be the intuitive, primitive, not \u2013 yet \u2013 rational or critical period: what Hegel would call the\u201d infancy period of world history. The logical or nature stage of history is the full blown discursive or rational stage while the hyper-logical is the interpretation mode of action, a period in which the person postulates his ends, values and goods, when he is a master of his own absolute values. Again from a purely historic-analytic angle, August comnte postulates his law of the three stages whose levels have close parallels with the Balwinian distractions: an animistic, a speculative and a scientific age of societal evolution,\u201d Sabine, G.A. (1973, P525). The Traditional. This model was basically, manual, which include individual and collective work in the farm. It was a stage when life was primarily and basically subsistent. Each farming","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com owned its parcel of land, worked and lived on it. It was a primitive developmental period. The type of works invoked then was mainly artisan works. In all, this traditional stage of socio-economic development period was a very nascent one in which nature played a predominant role in the sense of man\u2019s use of his natural powers; to work out his existence. men\u2019s religiosity, (religion understood as \u201cre-ligare, a link, chain or bind with supernatural force, Iroegbu P constituted n 1995, P.44\u201d integral expression of the whole person as both a part of nature and super nature. Development then comprised the corporal and spiritual expression of man\u2019s being. The modern Model. Generally, the seeds of faith in scientific progress and development were sownby philosophers like Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon. Discoveries and inventions of any sorts technically termed as the industrial revolution, were in major part, a result of a prior revolution in the concept of development. In this our epoch, we only need to refer to the present high-speed communication systems, machines and networks; the fantastic space and distant shuttles and wars armaments, the ever increasing efficient medical therapies, the high technology, the monsieur computer that is a quasi-omnipotent, and omnipresent artificial intelligence we are seeing today. In line with the Heideggerian view, the western world is the amock with over development, and suffused progress. Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon are prominent hare because, it was Descartes who has pre-alably introduced the heritage of \u201cles ideas claries et distinct\u201d (clear and distinct idea) that was to revolutionalize man\u2019s slow and vague method of thinking towards a sharpening focus of development from mythic through scientific to the contemporary technological heights. While Francis Bacon emphasized the importance of the pure science, while regarding man as responsible and superior to nature. In the same way, Blaise Pascal though scientist to be wiser; Buttressing further, Iroegbu Pantaleon","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com maintain that \u201cfor most of those thinkers, the only acknowledgeable authority is the result of scientific inquiry and this is continually open to new developments and to eventual revision. However, this model of development remains for us a deeply imperfect one, because it is lopsided towards the material. AUTHENTIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: PRERIQUISITE CRITERIA. When one thinks of development, the questions to come up is, what is to develop? What are the criteria of progress, growth and development? These generally are taken to be the deployment of the activity of people via work and exchange of goods and services, as well as via exchange of information and symbol. Further, why develop, for who in view of what values, and under what conditions? In summary, the following must come into play: a. Epistemology of Development. In the epistemology order, development, Oleko, Nkombe points out, is in the order of contingency, not of necessity or eternity. By this, we understand not the old adage that necessity is the mother of invention; because, we come to realize also that invention is after all equally the mother of necessity. We understand that development can only operate within the empirically human sph, the areas of human action, needs, facilities, talent deployments and conveniences. The process is a continuum, operates poko a poko. (slow but continuous), within the confines (area) of possible day to day, short or long term action. If I may use Paul Ricoours expression that \u201chuman thinking with his capacities is applicable\u201d. Also, development (Iroegbu, P., 1995, P.50) is a process that translates human ingenuity from potentiality to actuality, implying communal and effectual relationships. In this case, there is an identity of who develops, with what is to be developed? It co-relatively","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com involves three orders; the existentialist, the essentialist, and the progressive\/becoming without self-contradiction. b. Developmental Objectives: The human person is the primary beneficiary of all development. This is an indisputable truism. Thus, what contributes to his existence, buttering existence, improves performance and greater excellence as a human person in all the ramification of his personality, constitutes the ultimate developmental objective. For man, no important aspect of his being may be jettisoned by any developmental programme worth its name. This implies in effect that all the works on nature all items of culture must be geared towards human nature and toward a better humanity. c. Development and Education: J.J. Rousseau\u2019s philosophy of Education is a better reference point in considering how development and education have inseparable functional links. Rousseau\u2019s basic argument in his Book, \u201cEmile\u201d (on Education) is that, the positive potentialities of the person for instance, the child Emile should constitute the starting point of educational development. We can apply this to both individuals and nations. The yet \u2013 to \u2013 be developed \u2013 nations do have natural deposits of possibilities that must constitute their development point \u2013 de \u2013 depart \u2013 (starting point). The mass number of uneducated, illiterate and unaphabetized populations in African (Nigeria included) remains the bene of our developmental backwardness and inability to takeoff. The unalloyed fact to be admitted is that, the educational conscientization of the populace is a prerequisite to any constructive developmental step forward. Without this, we shall remain imprisoned in our present quagmire of mal-administration, tribalistic and chauvinistic national mediocrity.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com d. Christian Contribution To Development. It will be tantamount to be flogging a dead horse if we are to ask again whether the Church has a role in the socio-economic life of the people since we have agreed that the Church should work for integral human development. And integral development is impossible without socio-economic development since these are some of the basic demands of human existence. It is true that socio-economic theories along with the structures and institutions which they spawn cannot remove the eternal truths and our belief in God, but as Rubert, R. (1978, .P.114) pointed out \u201cthey can bring about existentially, a helplessness and hopelessness which bar and bolt the human spirit into a prison of living futility. Faith may well have victory in an imperfect world. But faith would be mocked if those who have the power to make the world more perfect selfishly agree to live with the imperfection to the detriment of the less powerful and the perpetuation of the totally powerless. It is for this reason that ideologically and instructional criticism and charge are part and parcel of the Church\u2019s Mission. In the same vein, Bernard, H;( 1974, P. 151) warmed that those who preach individual conversion without committing themselves to social, cultural, economic, political and ecclesiastical renewal are sinning against liberty and liberation. The Church, fully aware that she is concerned with the salvation of the \u201cwhole man\u201d and not just at \u201cdisjointed and truncated\u201d man thought it wise to involve himself in the social questions and conditions of man in the world. This fact is corroborated by \u201cthe document of the second Vatican council on the church in the modern world\u201d( Gaudium et spes) which calls on all the faithful to be able to recognize and interpret the \u201csigns of the times\u201d in the light of the Gospel Message of Christ. \u2026. (Flamery, A; (Vol. 1, 1975, No. 4.1. 66) . At no time men has such a keen \u2013sense of freedom, only to be faced by new forms of slavery in living and thinking.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com (Cf \u201cGaudium et spes), document. From another perspective, social and economic matter are not amoral, not beyond good and evil, but must be examined, and pass the moral scripting and interpretation of the Gospel. The sorrowful observation of George. Therukattit, (1988, Ps. 21, 2-213) should awaken us to the reality when he queried. Does the harsh groaning cry of the wretched of the earth living in cardboard shacks in the slums of the poverty stricken cities of the underdeveloped countries\u2026..do the hundreds of millions of starting men, women and children, skeleton cringing to a fragile life, living corpses\u2026not accuse our Christianity? According to Carrier,H.S.J,(P.12), the church must in the light of the Gospel provide principles and necessary guidelines for the correct organization of social life, of the dignity of human person and for the common good. \u201cBut it is not just enough to formulate social doctrines, rather the importance of these doctrines lie in their practical effects. This is what Pope John xxII called for in his Encyclical \u201cMater et magistra\u201d. According to the Holy Father, \u201ca purely theoretical instruction in man\u2019s social and economic obligations is inadequate. People must be shown ways in which they can properly fulfill these obligation. (Pope John xxll, 1961, No. 203).The above should provoke the action of the people of God both as individuals and as an institution to the scandal of misery, oppression and exploitation. It is in this perspective that for centuries, the Popes have in their Encyclicals been writing on many aspects of socio-economic conditions, from Leo Xll\u2019s \u201cRerum Novarum\u201d (1891-1939) where the plight of the poor workers was discussed, to Pope Pius Xl\u2019s \u201cQuadragesinno Anno\u201d, occupied with reconstructing the social order; to the Great war broadcasts of Pope Pius Xll on wealth, work and freedom; passing through the monumental Encyclicals of Pope John XXII\u2019s \u201cMater et Magister\u201d (1961) on","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Christianizing the latest advances in social organization; ; and Pacem In Terris (1963), a world acclaimed document on peace and justice for the poor. Then, we have the most authoritative Church\u2019s social document in Vatican ll\u2019s document \u201cGaudium et spes\u201d. Pope Paul Vl gave us Populorum Progressio, and Octogesima Adveniens, outlining new paths to integral development. The recent past Popes, especially, Pope John Paul II could as well be called \u201c Social Pope\u201d given the number of documents on socio-economic and political matter. He had given- Redemptor Homini, Laborem Exercens. (on work,) Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (on social concerns and critique of ideologies) and \u201cCentessimus Annus\u201d published to mark the 100th anniversary of the Church\u2019s first Papal Encyclical on social and economic matters. This is a for-test that the Church in her optic reflection, has dealt with some principles on socio-economic justice and general well-being in the society. Contemporary Perspective. Visa-vis African. Conscious of the pitiable condition of the developmental standard of the African continent, particularly black African and aware of its rich natural and human resources Iroegbu, P; 1989 (P. 275-305) \u201cwe opines that all development projections for the continent be governed by what we define as the principle of integrity.\u201d Integrity, is the principle that holds that the entire developmental plans, projections, allocations and executions for the development of the society be governed by an inclusion of all essential constituents of the whole person, i.e, the socio-economic, socio-cultural, intellectual and religious aspects of his being, as well as the dynamism of his culture. For the African, there is one life, one community; micro and macro, and any efforts at development must have these data as foundation and reference point.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Integrity \u201cin se\u201d demands the organization of the foundational structure of society that is fully an embodiment of the specificity, of the African traditional values of communality, solidarity, social-welfare and healthy competitivety with basic openness to new international situations as well to man, nature and the supernatural. This is the pillar principle in diny genuine African philosophy political philosophy. It determines autheritic progress and development for the African qua ta le. Socio-Economic Development Problems and Crisis Vis-a-vis African. Nigeria, and many African in general can be said to be in a state of unparalled socio- economic morass, and moral abyss. The whole landscape is littered with little dictators, autocrats who shoot themselves to power, (Uwalaka, J. ed. Onwuanibe, R.C (1995, P.82), where suitability for political power is measured in terms of the quantity of money, call it the \u201cNaira\u201d that extensively exchanges hands and the nearness to those who make things happen, call them the political magicians who can turn black to white. The consequences are better imagined than said: economic stagnation or strangulation, leaving a society where a few are wallowing in superfluities and million had barely necessities; where million tighten their belts whereas a privileged few make their own as elastic as possible; where million make sacrifices, while a few celebrate on their misery, where mediocrity is applauded, but excellence is denied. There are legion of unemployed in the midst of social needs, of young population confronted by education out-backs, majority of those who work can be described in the words of Pope John Paul ll as men and women who work and live not only in conditions of toil, hard and drudgery, but also in the midst of many tensions, conflicts and crises which in relationship \u2013with the reality of work distort the eye of individual societies, and also of all humanity.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com These of course creates social conflicts, crimes, increasing vandalism, a society in the process of breakdown in which fear and social tension are becoming increasing dominant factors and many are sinking into apathy and hopelessness about their own and the country\u2019s prospects. In view of this situation, a French writes entitled his book \u201cAfrique en panne Africa\u201d (Has broken Down). Hence, the arrival of the age of utilitarianism and mammon, where all values and virtues have given place to \u201cking\u201d Naira. Greed and avarice have taken over from hospitality and co-operation. Every little service will have to be paid for through graft and corruption. Injustice and discrimination are now the kingmakers, because of divisive and discriminatory policies that designing Amaka and Fumi or favours Fumi but shuts against Obi or welcomes Obi but spurns Akpan or ingratiate Akpan but disinherits Chioma and any pair of discriminatory combinations possible. Again, Obinna, A.J.V. (1995, P.31) \u201cour economy is suffering like our politics from the structural problem of capital flight. The money that would have been used to develop the nation are siphoned out of the nation to other nations. There is also the flight of our human economic labour force to other countries. Those who would have at least, aid in the development of the nation are in other countries scorching for greener pasture. In U.S alone, there are over 3,000 Nigerian Medical doctors. They have even formed an association to help their brothers out there in the country. There are also proficient engineers and architects outside the country. Bleated and deep \u2013seated corruption is at the level of our economy and devastating the entire economy of the nation.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com As pointed earlier, moral decadence is on the high level. This is caused by love of power, wealth to show up with. This only follow logically from the existing structure of corrupt government. In the community of thieves, no body blames the other. There is also \u201chonour\u201d among thieves about new methods of stealing that have just been evolved. This cesspool of corruption follow this same logic of iniquity and so, the bedeviled philosophy of \u201cuse what you have to get what you want, \u201cno matter how bad. Hence, our moral decadence could be attributed to the poor economy of the nation. The summary of all summaries about the socio- economic crisis and problems in Nigeria cum African is that; (Amuta, C. (1990. P. 15) The gap between the rich and the poor has widened; living standards have dropped drastically ; basic social amenities have come under severe pressure, while the morale of workers has dropped as a result of dwindling earning power attendant on a badly-devalued Naira. The rich man\u2019s cow has fed fat on the poor man\u2019s grass. But, the poor man now has name or back or not, it is still the name\u201d . Douglas, H. (1990, P.7) succinctly puts it, \u201c yet in terms of living standards, Africans are hardly better off than they were 30 years ago. And for many, the experience of recent years has often been a vicious cycle of political representation and conflict, falling per capita incomes, increasing hunger, accelerating ecological degradation. Today the ugly picture (Iyiola, F., (1990, P.18) is that one billion people are living in absolute poverty; 900 million without basic education, one billion without safe drinking water, 100 million people homeless, 150 million malnourished children and 800 million without food.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com The frightening news is that the problems would be compounded this decade as over two billion people would go hungry in the third world. All these go to confirm that the socio-economic reality is most often far from what we saw in the implications and imperatives of man\u2019s socio-economic life Vis-\u00e0-vis what is African in African. It culminates to the fact that Afroxiology, a prerequisite criteria in an authentic African development has dwindled into abysmal. It is a known fact, for the African and in the African traditional society, and still to a good extent present African societies. Iroegbu P. (Ibid) \u2018have the human person as prior, central and end-point in techno-developmental valuations and engagements. Igbo dicta like \u201cOnye nwere madu ka Onye nwere ego\u201d (He who has a human being is greater than he who has money); Igbo names like Madukaku, Nwakaego, Ubaakanwa; these and numerous others tell the story of the priority of the human over the material and economic. The human person is seen at the centre of the universe. Buttressing more on this, Mbite J. S, (1985, PP. 40 - 45) writes, \u201cAfricans have their own ontology\u2026 but it is an extremely anthropocentric ontology in the sense that, everything is seen in terms of its relation to man.\u201d This could be described as a humanocentricim. In this vision of the world view (weltanschauung), even the gods are at the service of the human person. Though, intermediaries of the Supreme Being, the minor deities must care for man. However, what we should have in mind is that the development process does not have to wait for ideal conditions of economic, social and political institutions. It can and indeed must be started and sustained by those who take responsibility in all fields of society.","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com Human Development: \u201cHuman development and \u2018material development\u2019 are not necessarily identical. That which is human pertains to the person strictly speaking as opposed to that which is \u201cMaterial\u201d pertains to the non-person, inanimate matter. A worthwhile definition of \u201chuman development\u201d however, would show how the material component of nature can be placed at the service of the human component, for the upliftment of the human person( Owan, K; 1994) P.69). Human development is the concern for, and the improvement of the values, fundamental principles and the conditions of life of the human person. From Popel Leo. XIII\u2019s encyclical \u201cRerum Novarum\u201d of 1891, to Pope John Paul II\u2019s \u201cContessimus Annus of 1991, exactly one hundred years after, the Catholic Pontiffs have in many and various ways embarked on preaching \u201c the social gospel\u201d. The fundamental principles and the basic value of life about which these Popes have all preached their social Gospel, have been virtually the same. The sanctity of the human life and the dignity of the human person is for Pope John Paul II, a matter of course since the human person is unique and unrepeatable. The Pope\u2019s concern for this apparent inviolability is made obvious by his comment on the tragedy of total indigence and need in which so many of our fellow human being are living. In a frightening reference to Christ\u2019s parabolic depiction of the scene of the last judgment (of Mt. 25:31-46) . Christ would come to question us, declared the Pope( John Paul 11, 1987), PM. 12-13 \u201cHuman Development\u201d per se, entails that which is complete, that which is integral in making man truly human. Human development must in people\u2019s words, promote the good of every man, of the whole man. (Ehusani, G, 1992, Pp. 57-58)( NACCATH P. 68).","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com ENTREPRENEUR AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT On the national level development is community development, ie; the development of society in its different components. Thus, is however, important to note in this context, that the community is on the final goal of development, but rather a means in the service of human fulfillment of the individual person: according to the social doctrine of the church. Hence, the imports of the entrepreneur in relation to creativity in the socio- economic development of any society. Creative art has numerous roles to play in the development of any society. These roles in a nutshell could be summarized under (a) The development of critical thinking \u2013 the head. (b) The development of the psychomotor or manipulation skills \u2013 the hand and (c) The development of the emotional or appreciative tendencies \u2013 the heart. Creative Art as its name implies, Osuagwu, D. M. (1987, P.55),\u201d is self expression, self conception, self actualization. It is that personal and genuine thought made simple in lines, shape, or forms or any other method of expression.\u201d The development of these human sense \u2013 the head, the hand and the heart is the exclusive prerogative of creative Art. How then can creative art help in the development of any society or nation? A community is known and recognized not necessarily by her geographical demarcation, but primarily by the customs and tradition of the people; their ways of living, their thoughts and aspirations; their motions and notions. A developed nation is that which has \u2013 \u201ca sound mind in a sound body\u201d \u2013 (mensana et in corpora sano) with requisite financial resources. Development starts from maturity \u2013 a community will surely be developed when the inhabitants are matured. Creative art playing the role of developing the critical aspect of man will produce men who can think and reason (Osuagwu, D. M, Ibid). They will be exposed to the use of signs, symbols and forms to create things that will save their society. When people are","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com properly trained and re-oriented towards acquisition of skills with little financial empowerment, the can make more researches and attempts to make for even more new things. The head is the seat of wisdom and if not properly developed will live that community with half baked personalities. The development of the head will produce people of different professions, and this development of the initial aspects of the human being will make the society rich of men who can with their possible ways of making their community (society) a suitable place for living. Most of the developed nations have men of critical Thinking. Thus, Greece was beautiful and Rome splandour. These great men, when produce will struggle to think out ways and means of salvaging the community from darkness. Our cultural heritage will be revived, our roads will be restructured and redesigned. Economically thoughts will be made on how to use local resources for livelihood. All hearts all will be working and the resultant effect will be a developed nation or society. Manipulatively (Psycho), a developing nation or community must have men and women who can make use of their manipulative skills to put down these ideas (thought) critically made by the first class of people. Ideas rule the world. Any good thought conceived but not practicalized will be a waste. With the development of the head, conceptions are made and the developed head goes to visualize what the head has conceived. This will help to develop the society by providing job opportunities. Industries will spring up and there will be less idleness. people will be properly engaged. This is the role of entrepreneurship towards the development of a society. Creative or skill acquisition deals with self realization, self visuatism etc. With creative arts and skills, our society will be able to express, realize and actualize facts of reality. Development is not necessarily the amount of wealth in a community or number of graduates, it is the ability to think, create, and appreciate things, thereby producing a","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS MANAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ISSN: 2814-0370 VOL. 1, ISSUE 1,2021 AVAILABLE ONLINE: www.ijamps.com healthy environment where no one is oppressed \u2013 A self reliant community with dynamic culture. The concept of development in public discussion has long been reduced to its economic dimension. Undoubtedly, economic development is the indispensible. in his encyclical letter, \u201cPopulorum Progressio (Peoples Progress) and Pope John Paul II\u2019s Solicitudo Rei Socialis, who have reminded us of this. However, in the process of economic development, the entrepreneur is a key-figure. Of course, the lack of entrepreneur is a characteristics feature of underdeveloped economies. According to Johnnes, S;(1991, P.148),the objective of development may well be described by \u201cthe concept of society\/or community development. \u201cOriginally, this is a method of building up small rural communities\/ society from the grassroots. Community development implies that the different realms of a non-existent community- like general education, small industries, co-operative, the training of women in child- care and housework, occupational training; housing projects, etc, are established and promoted simultaneously, and through the active participation of the people change of the people in their attitude to their work, in their relationship to others, in their understanding of concepts like duty and responsibility: elements of which society is made of. EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION At the conceptual and hermeneutical level at which we have analyzed development and other terms in this paper, some basic elements are indentifiable. Development is fundamentally from within. It is not the importation of Belgian, German or American cars. Genuine progress is the continuation of this developmental programme in a balanced fashion."]