Placing animals in the Neolithic : social zooarchaeology of prehistoric farming communities

Contents Acknowledgments vii List offigures xi List of tables xiii Introduction 1 1 Early and Middle Neolithic Farmers in Central Europe 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Early farmers of the Danubian tradition - Linear Band Pottery Culture 10 1.3 Society and space in the Early European Neolithic 17 1.4 Later farmers of the Danubian tradition - Lengyel Culture 26 1.5 Farmers of the Late Middle Neolithic - Funnel Beaker Culture 29 1.6 Society and space in the Middle European Neolithic 32 2 Human-Animal Relations - Anthropological and Historical 39 Perspectives 40 2.1 Social and symbolic importance of animals - cattle (Bos taurus) 45 2.2 Social and symbolic importance of animals - pigs (Sus scorfa) 2.3 Social and symbolic importance of animals - sheep (Ovis aries) 50 and goats (Capra hircus) 54 2.4 Folk taxonomy: classification and categorisation of animals 61 3 Food and Cuisine - Anthropological and Historical 62 Perspectives 65 3.1 Theoretical traditions in studies of food 66 3.2 Food acquisition 68 3.3 Food preparation 71 3.4 Food eating 73 3.5 Feasts and ritual consumption 3.6 Food categorisation and food restriction 75 75 4 Refuse Disposal Patterns - Anthropological and Historical 78 Perspectives 80 4.1 Refuse and its disposal as a social practice 84 4.2 Categorisation and meaning of refuse and its disposal 4.3 Practice of refuse deposition 87 4.4 Location of refuse deposits 87 91 5 Material and Methods 5.1 Faunal material 5.2 Archaeological material

X Placing Animals in the Neolithic 5.3 Criteria of animal bone assemblage selection 99 5.4 Methods - analytical procedure of social zooarchaeology 102 6 Contextual Analysis of Fauna! and Archaeological 121 Data from the Early and Middle Neolithic 121 6.1 Contextual analysis: animal bones 187 6.2 Contextual analysis: animal bones in pits and pits at settlements 7 Animals, Food and Refuse in the Early Neolithic 199 in Central Europe 199 7.1 Social dimension of relations between animals and 205 farmers in the Early Neolithic 213 7.2 Social significance of food for farmers in the Early Neolithic 7.3 Social significance of refuse disposal practices at 219 farming settlements in the Early Neolithic 219 222 a Animals, Food and Refuse in the Middle Neolithic 231 in Central Europe 8.1 Social dimension of relations between animals and farmers in the Middle Neolithic 8.2 Social significance of food for farmers in the Middle Neolithic 8.3 Social significance of refuse disposal practices at farming settlements in the Middle Neolithic 9 Conclusions 237 Bibliography 247 Index 273