China's old churches : the history, architecture, and legacy of Catholic sacred structures in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province

STLDII.S I!\\ TIIE IIIS'IOHY OF CIIHISTIA:\\'.ITY IN !'AST ASIA

Cover illustration: The South Church at Beijing, Undated Drawing (probably ca 1860s). Source: Courtesy Library of Congress. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ; Names: Sweeten, Alan Richard, author. Title: Chi na's old churches: the history, architecture, and legacy of Catholic sacred structures in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebci Province / by Alan Richard Sweeten. Descriptio n: Leiden; Boston: Brill, (2020 JI lncludes bibliographical references and index. Id entifiers: LCCN 2019037981 (print) I LCCN 2019037982 (ebook) I ISBN 9789004416123 (hardback) I ISBN 97890044 16185 (ebook) Su~jects: LCSII: Catholic c hurch buildings-China- Beijing. I Catholic church bLLild ings- China- Tianjin. ICatholic church buildings- Cl1ina- Hebei Sheng. I Catholic Church-China- History. I Christianity and culture-China- History. Classification: LCC NA4828 .S94 2020 (print) I LCC NA4828 (ebook) I DOC 726.50951{ 15- d C23 N~ LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/201903798 1 LC eboo k record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019037982 Typeface for the Lati n, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: \"Brill\". See and download: brill.com/ brill-typcfacc. ISSN 25 42-368 1 1SBN 978-90-04· 41612-3 (hardback) ISUN 978-90-04· 41618-5 (e-book) Copyright 2020 by Koninklijkc Brill V, Leiden, The Ne therlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotci Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, o r transmitted in any fo rm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording o r otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for inte rnal o r personal use is i,trantecl by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the app ropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clea rance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees arc subject to cha nge. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.

Contents :I Ackn owledgments ix List of Maps, Figures an d Tables xn Special Terms a nd Acronyn\\s XVI 1 Abbreviations xx 1 An Introduction to Old Churches 2 Church Building and Church Buildings 23 3 The Historic Churches of Central Beijing 71 4 Greater Beijing's Old Church Sites and Churches 149 5 Tianjin's Old Sacred Structures 181 6 Old Churches in Hebei's Small Cities, Towns, and Villages 227 7 The Churches of Rural Zhuozhou, Past and Present 289 8 The Catholic Legacy 317 Appendix 1: Chinese Catholics, Estimates 345 Appendix 2: Additional Ecclesiastical Divisions for Zhili/ Hebei 347 Appendix 3: Currency Exchange Rate Estimates 349 Appendix 4: The South Church's Stelae 351 Appendix 5:The North Church's Stelae 359 Appendix 6: The West Church's Stone Tablets 368 Appendix 7: The Government Me morial at Tianjin's Wanghailou Church 370 Glossary 373 Bibliogra phy 380 Index 404

STUD!t:S IN THE IIISTOHY OF Cl!RIS'IIA:\\'ITY IN EAST ASIA