Dhammapada(2)

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 41 wdk>wufvGOfAm.tref.oGL/ w&m>uwl. uAsmttJOf. Ä uikJ ;f aomG h owad omG h ? a&m>h aeaumi;f vhJ csi.f rs,>f aomG /h Ä tuikJ tf KG eaf tmi>f ? [0&f m>aqmi.f ? vLG ;er;f AmG pOG .f aomG /h Ä x.D ao½yk ef mr.f ? r.D ygvi>f ? Opmö .wrG .f rO>f ausm.pOG .f armG /h w&m>vuFm.,dk wyk'fvJhoGwf> ukrÇaCmouvJh xmG aomwmye.f ? w&m>em.om; oi;f [e.f z.kH vhJ v>ce;f r*zf vkd .f t&e;f &e;f z.kH oLG / wJufwGef>cg>ao> ]]qi>f &,>f w.H cr.f aEmG i>f ? a$cw.H cr.f aEmG i>f awm0;f }} aig0;f O>D we>f atm0.f ao>cg>eKJ i;f e0>f twKdGi>f v>kd qi>f &,>f e0>f uyG qf i>f &,>f wiJ f usr.f ttkH 0.f Am.awmG >h b0uikJ <fuKdU>w0;f oLG ? v>kd a$caem0>f yap>ö z.kH qi.f &e;f z.kH 'Ykd>wNcKd U? ÓP.f rrhJ Ykdac>h vOG f 'g.awmG >h usr.f p,.f ttkH 0.f 'KG rf wrG .f ow?d ur;f o>vOG >f xm> wJif b0uJkifom; uJkif;uGKef>tmoGL/ yap>ö Opmö .e0>f v>kd b0ar;G w0;f ? b0yiJ .f qiJ .f r>k 'sm.oLG ? v>kd b0u½>kd e0>f qi.f csi.f 'g.eKJ i;f v>dk u,kd .f usi>f wrG .f xm>ao t[0'f g.rsK>d z.kH 'sm.oLG ? uyG yf KdG ;aem0>f r> v>kd b0uikJ vf OJ ;f 'sm.eYJ? atm0.f 'KdGe;f eYJu½>kd aem0>f cwxf mG ;rKGe;f 'KGrwf rG .f yiJ .f qiJ .f r>k yap>ö cwxf mG ;'sm.wrG .f v>kd xm>aorsw?f v>kd u,kd .f usi>f pm&wd zå .kH r> oGL/

42 ukrÇaCmou0w¬Kcef> aumqi.f csi.f 'g.w0;f eKJ i;f e0>f om;z.kH e0>f yap>ö aem0>f xi;f awmv>kd b0wiJ f er;f avmi;f e0>f tOG .f 'i.f w0;f v>kd xm> ao? v>kd pm&wd [å 0zf .kH awmG >h v>kd b0aem0>f a0>G o;D wyiJ .f rm;vG w0f;oGL? yJif.Am.'sm. ½GOfcH>yapö> txef.rsKd>zHk.½GKrf>oGL? yapö> txef. uxGdKif.xdk>rm;wJif ol.ao'GKrf plcif. OD;aPSmuf uJkifAm.vG0if>zHk.aem0f>oGL/ uyG ef 0>f r> yap>ö Opmö .,kd rO.f xKdGuvf >kd tjzm>r> b0uikJ f w0f;? wxGdKufawm0f;tjzm>e0f> b0uJkiftDaEGmif>oGL? b0 xKdGi.f uikJ wf iJ f yap>ö vhJ xed >f aEmG i>f awm0;f 'KGr?f yap>ö vhJ uikJ cf KGe>f x>kd rm;vvD m,i;f 'sm.aeaeoLG ? yap>ö wrG .f v>kd b0 u,G >f u,G >f ysm>ysm> uaoig>om;zHk.aem0f> vdk>b0crf.w0f; tuJkifoGL/ usK>d pm>r>k vhJ r.D atm0.f ? tKG eaf tmi>f r>k vhJ r.D atm0.f ? tE&Å m,.f vhJ r.D csi;f ac.x.D &;D ? vLG ;er;f vhJ r.D pi.f Mu,.f ? [0f w0;f ½>kd vhJ r.D aosmi.f r,>f u½>kd e0>f yeD KJ i;f urk aÇ CmouoaX> (v>cKG e>f ,i;f yap>ö ? v>Am.,i;f oaX>t&m.? v>yg ceG yf rkd .l AmG ? xGmyg'GdKef;u aomwmyef.)twGdKif> weD>cg yapö>wGrf.rOf> ,ekd pD KdG; xi.f osm>xmG vOG Af m.tausmi>f aA.G rswbf &k m> a[m>f cg> vJOf;'sm.oGL/ urk aÇ Cmou,kd c>H w*gF >½OG Af .D atm0.f vp>f uak #.vhJ uGyfa&m.*g.wJif tGOf.uJkifyapö>? avG>tHknm>aEGmif>qDeDaeif. oGL? qJkif>0Jkif>xGdKif.oJif>csm&yf tD.xl.oGHK>vJh csif;tEÅ&m,f. oGHK><udKU>Mu>awm0f;oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 43 x.D wiJ tf E&Å m,.f vhJ cr.f oKHG>w0;f ? tokH ,>f c.H rm>er;f v>kd ryG KHG .? t.H pi;f 'sm.er;f yi.f yi.f ye>f ye>f oLG ? rzd &k m>o;D rKdG ;yrkd .l ae;x.l vOJ ;f a0>G vhJ a0>G tOG .f e,af wm0;f 'KdGe;f a0>G yap>ö ,>kd ,>kd oLG / uikJ ;f aEmG i>f ? tKG eaf EmG i>f o,>f cr.f aEmG i>f ? x.D aEmG i>f &;D tE&Å m,.f ? vLG ;er;f pi.f pi.f Mu,.f Mu,.f ? w[0wf 0;f aosmi.f r,>f v>kd eKJ i;f a0>G ,wkd ;J whJ a'.oem.awm.,tkd v> rm>eKJ i;f rikJ >f vhJ vi>f zKdG.awm0;f ? atm0.f tqi.f xzkd >hJ vKG r>f wiJ f ceG ef i>f o;D z.kH a[m0af e;vaG omG h te,>f a[m0'f g. yeD KJ i;f urk aÇ Cmou a'. oem.awm.,dkuvGOftwGdKif> u½dk>aem0f> wJufwGef>Am.oGL/ ukrÇaCmou0w¬Kcef> xGLvJOf;,dkoGL/ _________ tyÜrm'0*fudkvGOf plVyE¦u0w¬Kcef> &mZ*sK[d .f a0i>f ukd \"eao|od aX>,kd yrkd .l atm0.f wjzm> oGL? t½G,f.xGdKif.wGdK. xdef>ao>vrf;EGwf>xyfavmif;uDvJh t½,G .f xOG .f wiJ f azgujfye.f wrG .f oOG ;f wjzm>oLG ? ir;f rKdG ;zgao a'gG Y>wrG .f e>yOuf KdGU>uKdGU>wiJ f tyD gp$lcKd i;f qaG wmG >h rm0g> zi;f xe.f avG>tHkvGcef; vdk>woOf&yfudkoGL/ u,kd .f 0eG .f xKdG i;f jzm; aoee;f rKdG ;zgvhJ 0g>cokd iJ >f vOG >f AKdG e.f

44 pVl yEu¦ 0wK¬ ce>f awm0;f ti;f awmawm'sm.wiJ f 0g>crkd xhJ KdGi.f A> ord >f a[m0vf r;f $cKd i;f NcKd > xeG >f ao>vr;f aomif oiJ >f axvh OG cf e;f rKdG ;zgvr;f oLG ? 0g>xKdG i.f ao ajci;f vOG >f ? x>G wz>l avmi;f vhJ u,dk .f 0eG .f zmG >xLG vOJ ;f wz>l uwkd iJ f oKG yxf iJ ;f 'KG rf rKdG;zgxs> rm0g> cKG e>f csm,i;f 'sm. tGdK;vrf;wjcmudkoGL/ qJkif>wvJif. ukd,f.0Gef.atm0f.,if;vJh AGdKefvJOf;&D;t wKdGi>f vLG ;,i;f 'sm.wz>l avmi;f aeaeoLG ? uyG vf LG ;wz>l avmi;f zHk.wJif jzm>wefaem0f> r[myE¦u? jzm>ay.aem0f> plVyE¦u ydkcdk0if>eD,dk a0G>oD;[Jh>zefvGcef; trOf>eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ weD>cg r[myE¦u&Dcef; ]]0if>vifua'gh>vG rGdK;jzm; zgjzm;? zmeifzgwef? wGdK.eDu zl;a0;pGdK;cGdK> atm0f.w0f;eJYrGdK;}} eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? ]]atm0.f tKdG - atm0.f 'sm. &m.Z*sK[d .f a0i>f ukd o>l ? xKdG i.f ½>kd csmawmG >h or;f uvDG ,.f axch KdG >cKdG >wiJ f rm0g> 0i>f eD [>hJ wrG .f yckd ekd jDzm>? oiJ >f r;kd axh &mZ*sK[d .f a0i>f igG twkH ,.f ce;f w½yG uf okd LG ? rmr.l vhJ yomr;kd ce;f owi>f rKdG;zgoaX> rm0g>xs> oGL/ oaX>rm0g>vhJ ]]o.H o&m.ukd a&m>h zykd ckd ?kd yrkd .l vOG ;f vOG ;f ? orD m0g>aem0>f ypJ wf eif g.vOJ ;f ? exD .D xKdGu'f KG rof ?D yap>ö esm>,kd x.l av>G xLG awmG >h uRKud &f m>tnkH m>v'G sm.aomG ?h v>D ay.z.kH w;J whJ yomvOG af omG ,h ukd }kd }ausmi>f usm>csmce;f eKJi;f aem0>f oLG ? aem0>f wJif vD>ay.0if>eD,dk tHkaxhvGcef; rGdK;jzm;zgjzm;xs>oGL/ r[myEu¦ aem0>f [;H weaf wmG >h av>G vOG >f zgjzm;? em.

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 45 nD>Am.w&m> aAG.rswfbk&m>xs>cGdK>cGdK>oGL? aem0f>wJif uGDcGif> zgjzm; cH.xl.awmcef; osif.b0oGL? xGdKif.xGm&[ef> wGdK.½Gpf &[EÅm.udkwJif a0G>aAG.ucH.pm>Am. psmef.csrf>om.? zdkvf.csrf> om.,kd r.l c,kd uH c.H pm>Am.eKJi;f awmG >h pVl yEu¦ ,kd a0>G aA.G tOG .f AikJ f ygce;f v>kd ausmi>f b0oLG / pVl ye.f ,kd xKdGi.f xmG &e>f ÓP.f xKdGi>f vOG of LG ? oOG af z.w&m> vumF .vp>f y'k f w*g.xm.igvhJ nw0g. wiG >f vhJ v>'g.'KdG e;f oLG ? uyG af em0>f r> a0;pi>f r[mye.f vhJ xOG .f xGufcsmcef; zl;pif>plVyef.oGL/ Z0D urOJ uf yof rG >f uoDG .H Cm.pm.&i>f vhJ a0;aA.G Ewk cf g> ao>,if; zl;plVyef.wJif ]]a0;aAG. o>vdkYarG;vJOf; acG&if>? viJ .f ,xkd uG wf rG ?f uok vkd .f e0>f tvkH >kd vr;f rm>ae;wrG }f },.l eKJ i;f aem0>f awmG >h t.D xuG xf m>wuG f rLG ;a&m0>f apm0;f wiJ f xe.f av>G rdk;cef; y&d0kPf.iGgudkoGL/ aA.G b&k m>vhJ ae;ÓP.f x.D ajzmiwf iJ f rm>eKJ i;f pMuxF m> ayGg;&D;y&d0kPf.iGg &Da½GmifqGKrf.awGmh> ]]em>&[ef>b0aem0f> qiJ .f 'sm.acaG A.G ? a0;0g;x>kd em> em>armG vh OG af wm0;f acaG A.G xs>? xuG xf m> rm>xm>rikJ >f ? takH xah Am>h acaG A.G ,}kd }red ;f ½>kd xLG awmG >h [Jh>awm.rl.avG>cef;'sm.oGL/ plVyef.xGdKif.xGm&[ef> ÓPf.xGdKif>vGOfAm.tausmif> - bk&m>uóyvufxuf a0G>aAG.xGmzdk yk*¾dKvf.'g.vdwfwGif> a0G>aAG. oJh>oGrf> a'gh>ysufzdk ÓPf.xGdKif>&[ef>wyg>? &[ef>aem0f> 0if>o>yg> oGOf'GKrfvdwfwJif b0,dkvJh 0G#fqGdKufcsma0G>aAG.? oJpfxGmvdk>ausmif> ÓP.f xKdG i>f x>kd Am.oLG /

46 pVl yEu¦ 0wK¬ ce>f xOG .f tckH e;f a0>G aA.G ausmi>f awm.igG? zeqf i>f az. ywd Af mG wuKdG U>? xOG .f xmG ;axuh OG .f rLG ;? wrG .f pxl OG .f yEsm.ao.em; ywd f AmG ? ajzmi;f aem0>f xOG .f ½pG yf g ]]'KG w>f txD m>t.D - 'KG w>f txD m> t.D }}eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? aem0>f xLG aA.G b&k m> uR>oKHG >orG >f Z0D u vr;f wiG >f pVl ye.f xmG ;axrh LG ;? uatm0.f yEsm.'sm. ywd Af mG aem0>f aAmh>vJh>vGOfwJif ]]ydwfuAGm uGyfvdk>wJif aAmh>vJh>Am.? r,f> ao.awm0f;? xGmuJkifAm.&if>vGOf;vGOf;}}plVyef. ,l.v>cef; w&m>oabmf>eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aA.G b&k m>t0.f vr;f ukd x.D $zOaf v>G a0>G o>awmG >h ]]w aAm>h v>hJ 'sm. ywd Af mG r> jcL.Nc.D - jcL.Nc.D ,.l rKG e;f vikJ ;f ? &m*up o>ujkdcL.Nc.D e0>f vhJ ,.l av>G ygaomG }h }tausmi>f t0.f nm>tOG .f p>G r;kd a&mi.f awm.red ;f av>G ce;f oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f ypD OG .f t0.f pVl ye.f rJhzJh>igtwGdKif> rdef;oGKyfig,if; w&m>oGH*g.xm.vJhoGwf>? plV ye.f vhJ xmG vOG f y#od r'dÇ gv> &[EmÅ .? 'g.aoygwrG .f y#d uwf oGHbGHK.oGL/ ZD0u xGdKif.tD.uyfoGrf> ]]ausmif>udk&[ef> vGdK; atm0.f 'KdG e;f ,if Z0D u}}b&k m>xKdG i.f &wD iJ f ]]t0.f 'KG raf r;G w0;f eYJ aAG.}}r[myef.vJh avm0f;cef;eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ plVyef. v>tDAm.w&m> wGrf.ydwfAGmaAmh>vJh>tausmif> - b0wAm.ukd a0>G aA.G xmG ceG ?f v,.f xmG ;a0i>f wiG >f xKdG i.f 'KG w>f wo>kd ? z0g.AmG xKdGi.f aAm>h v>hJ a0>G aA.G em;v>kH oiG >f Am.zkd r,>f w0;f oabm>f wiJ f b0,kd a0>G aA.G v>t,D i;f w&m> x.l ae;wrG .f z0g.AmG aAm>h v>hJ vOG f aem0>f oLG /

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 47 aem0f>wJif ZD0uxGOf.tvdk> xif.acsmif>xGm;awGmh> armh>pGOf.plVyef. zefqif>cg> &[ef>ta&ifae;oGL/ aAG.bk&m> rdef;e,f te,f>twGdKif> uxGdKif.yif>wJif pVl ye.f vhJ uR>wKdG.ce;f vr;f uokd LG ? oKHG>orG >f xKdGi.f xLG b&k m>xOG .f a[m>f ce;f pVl ye.f tEak rm'em.w&m>wiJ f pVl ye.f a[m>f ppG >f w;kd pOG .f 'sm. y#d uwof bHG KHG . eKJ i;f csi.f ao>h ajzi>f xm>twKdG i>f wsi;f wsif;oGL/ wKdG .rLG [m'KdG awmG >h ]]ÓP.f uxKdG i>f whJ pVl ye.f ,kd oKHG > orG >f twiG >f uKdG U>aem0>f aA.G b&k m> rm>xmG aEmG i>f pOG .f y#od r'dÇ g &[EmÅ . 'g.vsi.f y#d uwof bHG KHG.wiJ f b&k m>w.H c>kd ,kd t.H atm>f vYkd aEmG i>f awm0;f }}tausmi>f &[e>f z.kH t.H tKG y>f vcG e;f aA.G b&k m> tGdK;w&m>yG,f>udk eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aA.G b&k m>uR>vOG f &aD ½mG iaf oajzmiaf wmG >h ]]b0,ekd 0>f acbG &k m>rm>xmG a0>G avmuwk yf ap>ö aA.G ? b0v>D cgvhJ acbG &k m> rm>xmG Am.zakd 0>G avmu>D yap>ö aA.G }}tausmi>f aA.G b&k m>aqmi.f e,fcef; ZmwfvD>eJKif;ig,dkoGL/ ]]p;kd &;D wAm. acbG &k m> xmG Am.zkd 'od mygarmuq© &m. tKdG;wuoú vkd .f cr;f oLG ? wy>hJ wjzm> ÓP.f xKdGi>f oOG af z.wrikJ >f igvJh 'g.w0f;? 0Gwå&m>aem0f> orf;au.em.oGL? aem0f>wJif a0>G xKdGi.f t.D oiJ >f acrG OJ qf yaf 0>G au>Z>l awmG >h [>hJ av>G a0>G wjcm udk? acGoGOfaz.cef; ]]em>wG,f.eJY? em>wG,f.eJY? rm>xm>rJkif> em>wG,f.? acGt0f.aoaoem>}}rEÅmef.eJKif;e0f> wyGKwfoGL/

48 pVl yEu¦ 0wK¬ ce>f ,aH zi>f x>kd rKG e;f wiJ f xOG .f jye.f cKdG >cKdG >oLG ? a0>G xKdG i.f oiJ >f csm Am.&m.PoD.crf;awGmh> trGdK;ae;a&>arG;pGOf.a0G>oGL/ ]]actG yk cf sKycf r;f ,kd w&m>eYJ? w&m>w0;f eYJ}}Am.&m.P oD.cGef rm>eJKif;vdk>xH> uxGdKif.v,f.em.cH.xm> crf;udkwJif arm>h ce;f yg>usr.f wceG >f peG xf m> vr;f eAD m.tcg. [.H tukd okd LG ? e0>f wiJ f a0>G aA.G tvkH r;f a[>h acsmi>f xmG ;aw>h ce;f wceG >f peG zf .kH oGL/ wceG pf eG of pJ Ef KdG Uvr;f yg>wjzm>rahJ o xKdG i.f ½pG tf aig0;f ]]em>w,G .f eYJ - em>w,G .f eYJ? rm>wrikJ >f em>w,G .f ? actG 0.f ao aoem>}}eKJ i;f aem0>f wiJ f wceG >f tOG .f uikJ $f cKd i;f NcKd > zi;f x>kd vcG e;f vJOf;jzm>zJh>zJh>oGL/ ceG vf hJ awmi>f cg>xLG vr;f azsmcf smce;f a[muf ?kd rLG ;xKdGi.f avwiJ f xOG .f tv>kd wjzm> av>G [>hJ vOG f yg>rEmÅ e.f om;e0>f awmG >h uGDoGOfawmcef; rEÅmef.aem0f>oGL? weD>cgwJif cGefpJh>ydk.wef [Jh>cGefuwl.aMumh>om;awGmh> ½dk>az.cef; ]]em>rOf.aMumh> cGef uwl. a'GgY>xJhaoGmhtiGOf>vJkif;? acGxGmvJkif.cGef? em>xGmvJkif. aoGmh pJh>ydk.wef}}tausmif>oGL/ uw.l aMum>h om;vhJ uxKdGi.f aMum>h az. ceG uf w.l usr.f tD.a'GgY>xJhxJh cGefiGOf>? cGeforf;½Gpf*g.xm.]]em>wG,f.eJY - em> w,G .f eYJ? rm>wrikJ >f em>w,G .f ? acaG tm0.f aoaoem>}}eKJ i;f e0>f awmG >h o>0>p>kd &ed .f wiJ f epJ cf s>te> tvkH i>f 0ikJ .f awmi>f jye.f ce;f cGefoGL? cGefxGdKif.&DpJpfaq> ]]uGyfrEÅmef.,dkwJif acGvGpfoD}}

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 49 ceG af oce;f eKJ i;f e0>f awmG >h p>hJ y.kd wetf v>D e0>f ceG cf s>x>kd t&m.? yg>rEmÅ e.f om;e0>f ceG tf OG .f xmG awmvikJ .f p>hJ y.kd wef t&m.uokd LG / 'domygarmu©aem0f> acGbk&m>avmif>? uxGmAm. p>hJ y.kd wef rEmÅ e.f om;aem0>f pVl ye.f 'sm.}}tausmi>f aA.G b&k m> a[m>f e,af z. 0wK¬v>D aygi>f ce;f Zmwef KJi;f aem0>f oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f teD>qJkif>qJkif>vJh tH.jzm.xJif;xJif; aAG.bk&m>? aAG.bk&m>vJh a[mf>xJif;xJif;,if; w&m>oGL/ wGdK.qJkif>oGwf> weD>awGmh> ]]plVyef.,dk ÓPf.xGdKif> uvD hJ uyG af csm>h w0;f 0&D ,d wiJ f xmG vOG Af m.&[EmÅ .? yKdG i.f Am. avmukwå&m.trGD.}}tausmif> tH.jzm.vGcef; plVyef.oGL/ aAG.bk&m>vJh azsmfvGOf&Da&GmifxGLawGmh> - ]]&[e>f o;D z.kH a[;G - acoG m.oem.u,kd kd wrikJ >f usK>d pm>? wrJkif>yGdKif.Am. avmukwå&m.trGD. tref.}}rdef;xGLeJKif; e0>f wiJ f a[m>f oKG yif gav>G ,i;f w&m>vumF .wyKG wf eKJ i;f ig,kd oGL/ O|maee yrma'e ? oH,are 'are p / 'yD H u,&d mx ar\"m0D ? ,H MoaCm embud &D w/d MoaCm - MoCvpf>yg> udav.om.ajcmifwef,dk? ,eH mbud &D wd - ,aH z.ae; ut.D $cO.f NyKJ ijfyi>f vvD mAm.rKdG e;f eDaem0f>? ar\"m0D - te,f>a[m0ftrsKd>trsKd> uaopJif;'g.

50 pVl yEu¦ 0wK¬ ce>f yk*¾dKvf.aem0f>wJ;wJh? O|maee - ae;wGrf.vHk> yef>ao.em; wJif? tyÜrma'e - ae;wGrf.,l.v> ½kyfemrf.xGmuJkifwJif? o,H are - ae;wrG .f u,dk .f usi>f ae;ÓP.f t.H t>G ae;wrG .f vGL;erf;AGmpif txdef>odrf>,H tpm;pm;eJKif;,dkwJif? 'are- rehJ m;[KG exf .D up az.xmG w0;f tuok vdk .f ae;wrG .f qKHG>r>r>k rsK>d eJKif;,dkwJif? 'DyH - oH.o&m.ajcmifudk utHkaemifaEGmif>'g. t&[wzå vkd .f u½>kd 'g. tykH KdGi;f c&m. <uKeaf [m0wf Am.,?kd u,d &mx - rm>xmG av>G aEmG i>f us'sm.tre.f oLG &[e>f o;D z.kH a[;G / w&m>uwl.pJOf. uAsmtJOf. Ä 0D&d, xm>ao ? xdef>wDqGHK>r> ? uGdK>vGr> ? v>aEGmif>zdkvf.rswf <uKefa[m0foGL / Ä <uKefavmif;yGdKif.tD ? MoCxD ? $cOf.tD,m;NyJKif v>awm0f; eDem>oGL / wJufwGef>cg>ao> o.H o&m.uokd m;e0>f tocD KdG >? o.H o&m.xe.f om;e0>f trGefcGdK>u½dk>e0f> omrm0wD.0w¬KudktwGdKif> cG,f>csm>aoig> vGvJOf;'sm.oGL? awuf>Es>tD$cOf.aomh> eDem>tGdK;oH.o&m. tocD KdG >uwkd iJ f cKdG >cKdG >euD t.D oAD m.xm> w&m>rsK>d z.kH e0>f [>hJ Am. MoCoLG ? yxD aD jcmif ut$D cO.f 'g.v>kd twKdG i>f t$D cO.f r;kd eD tKdG ;

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 51 oH.o&m. toDcGdK>udkoGL/ utD$cOf.'g.vdk> MoCu½dk>'sm. xDajcmifwefzHk.e0f> atm0.f vp>f ajcmiof LG ? umrwPmS .xaD jcmi?f b0wPmS .xD ajcmif? 'd|dxDajcmif? arm[xDajcmifoGL/ (1) uyG uf m.rwPmS . xaD jcmi,f kd rOJ vf >tm.½.kH iw>f yg>? uGyftD$cOf.axh tm.½Hk.iwf>pGdK;wJif oDtDAm. yif.yef> tDAm. ,yf>tDAm.vG um.r*kPf.iwf>pGdK; ao.ao. em;em;oGL/ (2) uGyfb0wPSm. xDajcmif,dk rJOfv>b0? uGyftD$cOf. axh b0 v>b0awmG >h otD AD m. yi.f ye>f tAD m. ,y>f tDAm.vG wGrf.b0trsKd>rsKd>oGL/ (3) 'd|dxDajcmif,dk ½kyfemrf.e0f> xif;rm.awm acGem>? uyG tf $DcO.f axh ½yk ef mr.f wiJ f ½yk ef mr.f xmG uikJ rf k trsK>d rsK>d z.kH ,kd arm>h vAG m.? usK.H vAG m.awmG >h oAD i.f yi.f ye>f Am. wrG .f ½yk ef mr.f trsK>d rsK>d z.kH oLG / (4) arm[xaD jcmi,f kd aow0;f ½yk ef mr.f ypJ ?f uyG tf $D cO.f axh ½kyfemrf.wJif ½kyfemrf.xGmuJkifrk trsKd>rsKd>zHk.,dk arm>h vAG m.? usK.H vAG m.awmG >h oAD i.f yi.f ye>f Am. wrG .f ½yk ef mr.f trsK>d rsK>d z.kH oLG / xaD jcmivf p>f v;D ut$DcO.f 'g.eKJ i;f aem0>f tukd NyKJ ijfyi>f vDvm ,H$cOf.ygavG>Am.rGKef;? ,Hcsrf>om.cG>'Jh>aem0f> rOf.xD.

52 pVl yEu¦ 0wK¬ ce>f x>G tnrd >f w&m> rswef Ad mÁ e.f r>oLG ? tc>G nrd >f \"mwf rswef Ad mÁ e.f ukd ux.D piJ ;f aoaEmG i>f 'g. xm>aopiJ ;f eKJi;f aem0>f [>hJ zetf rO>f t&[wzå vkd .f oLG ? xm>aopiJ ;f eKJi;f aem0>f aem0>f wrG .f ajcmiwf ef udk uatm0f.'g. <uKefaem0f> AGdKef0if>oGL/ v>kd ujcOG .f yg xaD jcmiwf oikJ uf okd m;z.kH aem0>f opJ zf KdGUv> <uKef,dkvJh vGpfoDpGOf.? oufom.pGOf.'ku© trsKd>rsKd>zHk.oGL? e0>f twKdGi>f ayg.v>wiJ af pm xm>aorswf ux.D aopiJ ;f ;eiJ ;f 'g. tndrf>\"mwf edAÁmef.e0f>wJ;wJh oufom.xdk>pGOf. vGpfw$cOf. MoCxDvpf>ajcmif utD$cOf.rk> 'ku©trsKd>rsKd>zHk.e0f>oGL/ uyG ef 0>f r> tc>G nrd >f \"mwf w&m>rswef Ad mÁ e.f ukd ux.D piJ ;f eiJ ;f av>G aEmG i>f 'g. t&[wzå vkd .f <uKe,f wkd Am.e0>f t0.f v.kd v>vG t0.f v.kd oKHG >zKdG UviG g.oLG ? a'.oem.awm.,kd u,;D e,f wz>l ajcmi>f twKdG i>f ae;wrG .f 0&d ,d ae;wrG .f xm> aoae;wrG .f xed >f wD ae;wrG .f qKHG >r> rO.f ae;wrG .f tusi>f rsK>d ,kd vp>f rsK>d e0>f wJ;wJh v>aEGmif>vGOfAm.? tHkzGdKUaEGmif>vGOfAm. t&[wåzdkvf. <uKefa[m0ftref.oGL/ wz>l ajcmi>f tusi>f ,vkd p>f rsK>d ,aH oem.wiJ f rO.f a'g>h ae; aig0f;zGdK>iGg,dk>u½dk>e0f> ukd,f.usif>vJhae;(oHra,e)? rehJ m;vxhJ ed >f ('are)? ½yk ef mr.f xmG uikJ rf >k vahJ o(tyrÜ ma'e)? uJkif;uJkif; (O|maee)eJKif;e0f>vpf>rsKd>oGL/ uyG af em0>f r> e[D e.f e>D ,kd atm0.f $cO.f aom>h ajcmiwf ef utkd v;D rikJ >f ? $cO.f eKJ i;f rikJ >f ? t.D arm>h xm>,y>f eKJ i;f rikJ >f ? ,$H cO.f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 53 'GKrf utD.zGdKU>Am.<uKefe0f> xm>wrJkif>? ,HzGdKU>v><uKefe0f>e0f> rm>Am.eKJ i;f rikJ >f u½>kd aem0>f ae;wrG .f a'.oem.awm. tyKG w,f kd wJif ,Haoem.vGaoGmh0if>tausmif> wJufwGef>oGL/ xGdKif.xGm&[ef>r> plVyef. ÓPf.uxGdKif>vGOfAm.t ausmi>f z.kH ? a0>G aA.G uv>tAD m.w&m> ae;wrG .f z0g.AmG aAm>h v>hJ tausmi>f z.kH aem0>f vhJ ,xH .l vtG aD omG h Oyrm.? ,vH >aEmG i>f tD aoGmh aosmif.uHrk>? avGmuf>em.rk> tusif>rswf[0f'g.zHk.u ½dk>aem0f>vJh wJufwGef>cg>Am.oGL/ _________ tyÜrm'v0*fudkvGOf Amveu©wåoCFk|0w¬Kcef> aAG.bk&m>pdk;wGif> wGdK.weD> om0w¬da0if>udk Amv eu©wfyG,f> xGmvGOfcef;oGL? eu©wfaem0f>wNzHK.twGif>udk aem0f> vdk>wajyif>zHk. wGrf.zg.wGrf.zdk;at. ol.aAmh>vJh>vGerf; EGKwf>eD>vGKrf;vGKrf; v,f.NcDvGaig0f;,kwf aig0f;a0G.zHk.oGL? cGJ; zl;a0; oG>rdwfvdk>ausmif>zHk.vJh 0if>o>vG'GKrfoGL/ v,.f ajcm0vf r;f igG wKdG i>f wiJ f em;cs>H om.awm0;f om;z.kH e0f> yomaz.vG½GOf rl>y,f>rwfusyf um;uwwfEGdKif.oGL? a0G>oD;zHk.vJhv>&m>&m> xl.xGLr> avG>awmvGcef;tvifoGL?

54 Amveu©wåoCFk|0w¬Kcef> wGif>aem0f> om0w¬da0if>udk vdk>vrf;t&d,m. atm0f.tjzm> iw>f uak #.oLG ? a0>G o;D z.kH e0>f yomaxvh oG wi>f aA.G b&k m> xs> ]]EGwf>eD>twGif> uR>rGKef;'GKrfoGrf> a0if>udk? owif>oGHK> 'sm.aoGmh ausmif>wGdKufudk}}tausmif>oGL/ EwG ef >D vKG r;f vKG r;f orG >f yomwKdG .az.ausmi>f ? a0>G o;D erf;zHk.vJh xef.'GKrfvrf;xef.oGL? oGpf>eD>udkr> yif>aAG.bk&m> vl.wJ;0g;xm> tGdK;a0if>udkwJif avm0f;ygcef; aAG.bk&m>oGL/ ]]EwG >f e>D vKG r;f arm>h viG g.'uk a© A.G ? 0i>f o>wewf 0;f 0i>f v>kd ajyi>f aig0;f a0.G z.kH e0>f em.om;em;yviJ >f y>wiJ f eaD A.G o;D vhJ EKdGUa0i>f xmG 'KGr?f eoD OG ;f o;D vhJ xe.f Am.'KGrvf r;f aA.G }}eKJi;f e0>f oLG / aem0f>wJif aAG.rswfbk&m>vJh ]]wum.oD;a[G;-vdk> ajyif>oD; xm>rm>aem0f> eJKif;aem0f>'sm.&if>? vdk>aumao aumvu>f om;z.kH w;J whJ ao½yk ef mr.f xmG uikJ f xm>aorOJ .f ,kd aem0f> 0if>rwfAGdKef½GOfcH> xdef>[0fvGarG;wJif a0G>oD;wGdK.Am. vG xm>ovD pG uf i>f eAd mÁ e.f ap>ped .f rswf tuokd LG }}red ;f csmxLG eKJi;f aem0>f awmG >h a[m>f oKGyif gav>G ,i;f w&m>vumF .eyD 'k f e*D g.xm. eJkif;ig,dkoGL/ (u) yrm' rEk,kÍÆEÅd ? Amvm 'kar®\"daem Zem / tyÜrm'Íö ar\"m0D ? \"eH ao|H0 &u©wd / ( c ) rm yrm' rEk,kaÍÆx ? rm umr&wd oE¦0H / tyÜrawåm [d psm,aEÅm ? yayÜgwd 0dykvH okcH /

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 55 Amvm - ,ckd gyeif g usK>d ,tH mvhJ wao,.l vwG 0;f ? 'ak r\"® ad em - rm>Am.yKHG .,ykd KHG .aem0>f xm>aow&m>eKJ i;f aem0>f vhJ watm0.f vaG wm0;f ? Zem - v>kd ajyi>f rsK>d z.kH aem0>f ? yrm' rE,k Ík EÆ dÅ - uikJ ;f v'G sm. twkH KHG>rm>ajyi>f vxG m>z.kH oLG ? ar\"m0pD - xm>aow&m> uatm0.f 'g.v>kd w;J w?hJ tyrÜ m'H - ½yk ef mr.f xmG uikJ f uao,.l 'g. owwd &m>,?kd \"eaH o|0H - ypD OG .f ½OG af [m0f c>H 'g. Opmö .t,pH m;twKdG i>f ? &uw© d - xed >f wvD OG 'f sm.aem0>f oLG ? ( wak rS - ewD um.o;D z.kH e0>f w;J w)hJ ? yrm'H - twkH KHG >rm> ajyif>xm>e0f>? rmrEk,kaÍÆx - uJkif;vGrGKef;vm>vm>vJkif;? umr&wdoE¦0H - rGef;aysm.v>oG>wGrf. tm.½kH.um.r*kPf. uad v.om.z.kH aem0>f v?hJ rmrE,k ak ÍxÆ - uikJ ;f vrG KGde;f vm>vm> vJkif;? tyÜrawåm - ½kyfemrf.xGmxGmuJkif uGyfaoowdwJif? psm,aEmÅ - ut0.f us.H p,.f ½yk ef mr.f ut0.f v>hJ c;kd t.H uad v. om.om;aem0>f w;J w?hJ 0yd vk oH ck H - t,oH wG >f cs>H om. eAd mÁ e.f w&m>rswtf uokd >l ? yaygÜ wd - wKdG .½pG af v>G Am.oLG wum.o;D zHk.a[G;/ w&m>uwl. uAsmttJOf. Ä vdk>Nydef>aem0f> rm>Nydef>xm> ? vdk>ao'g.aem0f> xm>aowAm. tGOf.r,f>oGL / Ä Nydef>rGKef;xm>rm> ? aysm.rGKef;udav.om. ? ao'sm.½kyfemrf.aem0f>r> edAÁmef.wGdK.v>oGL /

56 Amveu©wåoCFk|0w¬Kcef> w&m>vumF .,kd uxKdG i.f owG >f wiJ f v>vrG *zf vkd .f &e;f &ef;? trsm>wif>vJkifwGufwm.vJh tusKd>tmig.oGL/ wJufwGef>cg>ao> v>kd ajyi>f e0>f rm>ajyi>f ao.em;xm>wiJ f wKdG.aEmG i>f w0;f edAÁmef.twGdKif> a0G>oD;pGdK>,dk avmuD>ap>pdef.igvJh tD.v>Am. aem0>f ,>kd awm0;f oLG ? uyG tf ausmi>f wrikJ >f u½>kd aem0>f a0>G o;D pKdG>,kd trsK>d rikJ >f w,0;f rm><uKd U>Mu>'sm.wiJ f a&m>h wa&m>h w0;f ? tusKd>t0f.wt0f.w0f; aozdkw0f;? aoxG>vGw0f;oGL/yOf viJ .f viJ .f aem0>f tm0.f a&m>h pKdG U>xLG vhJ uyG rf aoqwG >f csmcKdG e>f 'sm.? yOvf iJ .f viJ ;f e0>f wa&m>h w0;f &i>f &i>f vhJ uyG rf ao t0.f rm>wdwf>wdwf>avG>'sm. wGdKif>wGdKif>oGL/ yAD KdG epf OG .f eKJ i;f yg>rahJ c>h wjzm> av>G xm>aoi.f tKG r.f jcm orf;rJOf.vmrm;[m? rGL;uGdKU>em>? crf;orf;tGKrf.ra&.r&m.? ced .f ac>h &p>f AOd .f ay>h x;H uakd em0>f twKdGi>f oLG ? yg>eKJi;f a0>G ,kd wjzm> aem0>f ut.D wKdG.Am. tKdG;uwKdG.xKdGu&f m> t&yuf odk >l wrsK>d wKdG. aEGmif> arG;awm0f;oGL/ om0wad¬ 0i>f ukd v>kd Nyed >f z.kH e0>f vhJ tusK>d t0.f wt0.f w0f;? arG;warG;w0f; ,l.'GKrf? [GKefarG;<udKU>Mu>? [GKefaysm. <uKd U>Mu>'sm. um;uawmuf w,of LG ? 0i>f ½>kd Amveuw© uf sK.H wiJ af wmG >h 0i>f o>w0;f 'KGrwf rikJ >f o.l aAm>h v>hJ vG ter;f wrG .f zg.? wrG .f z;kd at.? v,.f ajcm0af 0.G xm> 0i>f vr;f igG z.kH oLG /xm>vyk >f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 57 rm> vpG [f i>f EwG >f e>D ? jcLNcAD m.'sm.wrG .f zg.? wrG .f z;kd at.z.kH oLG ? bk&m>aAG.rswf wGrf.oH.Cm.oD; yvJif>uR>AGdKef.'GKrfoGrf>? vdk> aoxm>zHk. yvJif>xef.AGKef.'GKrfvrf;oGL/ ,tkd wKdG i>f v>kd aowm0;f wrikJ >f 0i>f tnkH >D u,y>f 'g.? jzm>rJkif>vJh tusKd>w&m>wxGmtDawm0f; vdk>pm;,dkzHk.aem0f> avmuukd atm0.f aAaG Am.oLG ? uyG yf KdG ;pOG .f aem0>f r> ,xH mG rKdG e;f awm0f; avmuD.avmukwfvdk>wajcif? aoawm0f; tarG; trOJ .f ? v>kd <uKd U>Mu> oYkdzg.oYkdz;kd at.z.kH twuG f oOG vf 'G sm.aomG h avmu.D avmuwk f vwd vf ikJ >f usr>f *e.f z.kH u½>kd e0>f wuJ wf KdG i>f cg>Am.oGL/ _________ tyÜrmv0*fudkvGOf r[muóy0w¬Kcef> r[muóyrax&.f ut0.f owi>f oKHG > &m.Z*sK[d .f cr;f yyd vÜ xd r;f utkd wiG >f we>D cgwKHG >orG >f &m.Z*sK[d .f a0i>f ukd uxKdG i.f xe.f csmawmG >h a0>G aA.G ae;wrG .f 'Ad pÁ uK© ÓP.f wiJ f em; v>kH oiG >f av>G ce;f xuD [kd r.f uakd umiuf kd azi>f er;f wazi>f er;f w0f; oDwGif>uGKwfwGif> owå0g.tAm.Am.zHk.oGL/ aAG.bk&m>vJh atm0f.aZ.w0Gef.ausmif>udk ae;wGrf. ÓP.f uxKdGi.f xmG ; x.D av>G ce;f r[muóyoKGe.f o> atm0.f em;vHk>oGif> owå0g.toDtuGKwfoGL/

58 r[muóy0wK¬ ce>f aem0f>wJif aAG.bk&m>vJh ]]uóya[G; - toDt uGKwf tjzm>aygif>,dk acGbk&m>ÓPf.rwJh wGufae;aEGmif> awm0;f ? uKGwrf KdG;[Ykd>ukd rKdG;zg'smrwhJ rwe>f ao ooD cD smaem0>f vhJ a'g>h aEmG i>f w0;f ? uyG af em0>f r> em>uaoe0>f aq>h ay.vKG r>f acbG &k m>ÓP.f r> xxD aH EmG i>f oLG uóya[;G }}atm0.f nm> red ;f av>G ce;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / aem0f>xGL tGOf.pG>rdk;a&mif.awm.awGmh> yDpGOf.ut0f. owi>f oKHG> r[muóyrzhJ >hJ ig a[m>f oKG yaf v>G xiJ ;f jcm w&m> vuFm.wyGKwf eJKif;ig,dkoGL/ yrm'H tyÜrma'e ? ,'g Ek'wd y@dawm / ynmyom'grm½k,S ? taomaum aomudeð yZH / yAÁwa|m0 blra| ? \"Da&m Amav ta0u©wd / y@dawm - aum'g.aoom;aem0f>? yrm'H - ½kyf emr.f xmG uikJ rf >k tavmi;f uwazi>f 'g. xm>wazi>f w&m>,?kd tyrÜ ma'e - ae;wrG .f uwazi>f w0;f xm> xm>,.l v>w&m> awGmh>? ,'gEk'wd - uxGdKif>ayh>&J NcJKif;cef;xdk>aEGmif>'g. tced .f cg.wiG >f uakd em0>f ? taomaum - er;f &i>f p>kd &ed .f uyG uf i>f nrd >f vOJ ;f wiJ ?f ynmygom'rm½,k S - ae;wrG .f orx wa'gif um uxGdKif.xif.vGOfwGdK. tGdK;'dAÁpu©K tbdnmPf. ysom'f avmi;f uuD ½>kd e0>f ? aomued yð ZH ta0uw© d - x.D ajzmipf OG .f 'sm. p>kd &ed .f r>k uc.H pm>Am.'g. ouD KGwof m; ow0å g.z.kH taygi>f aem0>f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 59 oGL? yAÁwa|m blra| ta0u©wd£0 - yDAGdKefpGOf. yg>u atm0.f aumixf akd vmi;f ux.D x'H sm. v>kd atm0.f tKdG;[.H awmG i;f zGdK.udktwGdKif>wJif? \"Da&m Amav ta0u©wd - tmoa0g uuif>vJOf;'sm. ynm.osif.oD;,dk xD.$zOfavG>pGOf.'sm. 0G#f$cD wv>kd awm0;f 'KdG e;f aumuatm0.f ouD KG waf v>G 'g. ow0å g.z.kH tAm.Am.aem0f>oGL/ w&m>uwl. uAsmttJOf. Ä ae;wrG .f owd ? uyG &f aJ y>h ? wac>h arm[aMumi;f vOG of LG / Ä ee;f 'KGrrf ikJ >f &i>f ? ae;wrG .f ÓP.f ? x.D $zOcf eG ef i>f uKGwof oD LG / Ä t0.f aumixf ekd m? x.D vi>f csm? v>kd tmtwKdGi>f xKHG>e,>f oLG / wJufwGef>cg>ao> ae;wGrf.,l.v> ½kyfemrf.xGmuJkifwJif uxGdKif.ayh>&J NcKJi;f ce;f x>kd v> xm>ac>h arm[ (wKdG.jzvOJ ;f &[EmÅ .t&e;f u)kd u ½>kd aem0>f er;f &i>f ,kd touD KG wf ee;f Am.'KG r?f vpG vf >vOJ ;f 'sm. xm>eef;wJif atm0f.'dAÁpu©K tbdnmPf. aumifxdkavmif; awGmh> xD.vdkYaMumif;BuJUvif>pGOf.'sm. tmo00G#f[H.zGdK.w½sKd; avmif;udk ut0f.oDut0f.uGKwf'g. owå0g.zHk.oGL/ tmo00#G [f .H zKdG.w½KdG;avmi;f ukd uatm0.f t'kH g. owå 0g.o;D z.kH aem0>f w;J whJ a0>G o;D t0.f oD atm0.f uKG wAf m.vG tKdG;,kd tKdG ;aem0>f b0ta'g0.f a'g0.f vhJ a0>G o;D waox>G vwG 0;f oLG ? 'Ad pÁ uK© tbnd mP.f aumixf kd x.D w;kd ppG >f ppJ >f xm> atm0.f 'KdGe;f

60 r[muóy0wK¬ ce>f u½dk>e0f>vJh a0G>oD;waoxG>vGw0f;'sm.oGL/ aA.G b&k m>o;D aem0>f uyG af e;wrG .f ½yk ef mr.f xmG uikJ rf >k ay>h &NJcKJ i;f ce;f x>kd vOJ ;f xm>ac>h arm[wiJ f rahJ vpiJ ;f pwhJ KdG .vOJ ;f aumixf akd vmi;f ? x.D aMumi;f vOJ ;f ow0å g.trsK>d rsK>d uatm0.f oD uatm0f.uGKwfvG oGHqDyJkifwbGHK.udkoGL/ aA.G b&k m>o;D r> ar;G awm0;f ? r[muóyup wy>hJ om0uw;J 0g;z.kH e0>f vhJ AKdGeAf KdGeef 0>f twKdGi>f oLG ? oqHG yD ikJ wf bKHG.,kd vikJ ;f ig.? ow0å g.trsK>d rsK>d v.kH vhJ tmig.? wKdG.eeD m> uad v.om. 'KG eof m;,akd em0>f x.D <uKd U>eeD r;f ? ao<uKd U>e½D yk f wsmecH >l wacg0f vGKrf>oGL/ u,G .f awmG >h rO.f rOJ xf .D vYkdvYkd aoxxH H oqHG yD ikJ wf ciG .f qif.&ef;owå0g.trsKd>rsKd> u½dk>aem0f> bk&m>om.oem.udk,dk bk&m>az.cg>te,f>atm0f.oGL/ wrikJ >f w½>kd w0;f w[d wd yf #od aE.¨ te>D t&i>f ut0.f 'g. vdk>zHk.ref.ors ae;xl.aEGmif>vG'sm.oGL? uGyfyGdK;pGOf.e0f>r> b0,ckd gwiG >f wiG >f yeD KJ i;f b&k m> wy>hJ &i>f r[muóytwKdG i>f rOf.rJOfxD.vdkY oGHqDyJkifwbGHK. owå0g.trsKd>pGKrf.u½dk>aem0f> rGdKufcGdKufuusKH. bk&m>atm0f.az.te,f> rGdKufcGdKufwd[dwf y#od aE.¨ te>D &i>f uatm0.f aewiG >f a[m0of KG r>f ajciaf wm0;f tciG >f ta&> a[m0tf m;xwk wf ;J av>G w&m>x>l rsw&f e;f &e;f u½dk>aem0f>wJif wJufwGef>Am.oGL/ _________

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 61 tyÜrm'0*fudkvGOf yrwåm yrwå a'Go[m,u 0w¬Kcef> aA.G b&k m> ut0.f owi>f oKHG> aZ.w0eG .f ausmi>f awm. udkwGif> oG>a[m0f0if> &[ef>eDyg>e0f> xl.vGxGLw&m> aAG. bk&m>xs> uR>avG>owif>oGHK>cef; awm.&udk ausmif>w ausmif>oGL/ &[e>f wyg>aem0>f cg;vm;xm>uac>h p½k rG of .kd tal r. AKdGi;f uwkd iJ f wrG .f osi.f ay.z.kH a'g>h a'g>h i? tpkH Ykd>v'G sm.ar. pKGr.f [m oGL? wyg>aem0f>wJ;wJh erf;&if>vJh w[mvGKrf; pMuFef.ae; tm;xwk 'f sm.w&m>? to>G &[e>f e0>f tavmi;f vhJ ]]tzkH rDG KG e;f aA.G ? tyg,.f bKHG .o>l wrG .f v>kd zcDG i.f vr;f AKdG e0f i>f oLG eYJ? uuH si>f uek .f uiJ ;f xm>,kd b&k m>trsK>d uRKud af r;G w0;f }} a0>G aA.G qKHG >r>yg ao.ao. eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ u,G .f awmG >h em.awm0;f a0>G aA.G aig0;f wiJ f qikJ >f aem0>f a0>G aA.G qKHG>r>'KGr?f a0>G aA.G tm;xwk 'f sm. a0>G er;f &i>f oLG ? a0>G aA.G oMueF .f tm;xwk af e; w[mvKG r;f vKG r;f xKdGi.f xLG xKdGi.f EKdGUvwk >f ukd ajz.t[aDG nmi>f ued >f wvmG >ce;f xm>r> o>G v>G aem0>f w yg>vJh EGdKUaxhawGmh> ]]yg>v>,dk tHkwvm>aAif.xm>twGuf vOG tf akH wm.&eYJa[;G ? x.l xLG w&m> b&k m>xs>e0>f txkH KdGi.f tm; xwk af e;r> a[m0of LG uKdG}}apmG yf pJ wf i.f ce;f a0>G aA.G oLG / aem0>f wiJ f uaJG v>G EKdGUued >f eKJi;f eKJi;f ce;f xm> tci.f vr;f uokd LG ? o>G uikJ ;f wyg>aem0f>wJ;wJh rGL;em>cdk.udk ajz.t[GDanmif> udef>wvGm>

62 yrwåm yrwå a'Go[m,u 0w¬Kcef> xGLwJif rGL;a&m0f>apm0f; xGdKif.tm;xkwf,if;ao.ao.awGmh> nig.awm0f;udkum. xGmvGOfcef; y#dorÇd'g. ÓPf.awm.v> &[EÅm.oGL/ 0g.xKdG i.f uRpf uR>0ikJ .f axvh G b&k m>xs>wiJ f b&k m>aA.G rsw&f cD e;f ]]tm;xwk vf aG r;G ae? w&m>owG >f vaG e.}}eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? &[e>f tyg>v>G AikJ f tOG .f rKdGief r;f ajz.i&;D ce;f ]]a0>G aA.G aem0>f trsKd>tm;xkwfarG;eJYaAG.? w,f.pGOf.uxef.pavG> wjcmum> udef>rGdKif;'sm.xm>}}tausmif>oGL/ ]]wGdK.em>utD}}bk&m>xGdKif.&DwJh>wJh>rdkYa0G> eJKif;aem0f> awGmh> a0G>pif;y&d,m,f.'GKrf? a0G>v0f;cef; eJKif;tm;xkwf'sm. a,mif.a,mif. ig,dktwGdKif>oGL/ ]]acoG OG ;f w;J whJ rLG ;t.D [m p0;f cgp½k rG of .kd tcl g>ar.AKdGi;f u?kd ac>h vOG wf iJ f tpkH Ykd>'sm.ar. r[mvKG r;f ? aAi.f w0;f xm>oLG aAG.}}wJh ½dk>e0f>wJif ]]em>tm;xkwfw0f;e0f> ½dk>pGOf.tm;xkwf? 0if>utm;xkwfarG;om;e0f> ½dk>pGOf. tm;xkwfw0f;}}bk&m>yJpf wi.f xLG eKJ i;f e0>f awmG >h tm;xwk rf >k tusK>d ? v>G r>k typJ f ,pH iJ ;f eJif;wJif bk&m>axe,fcef; Oyrm.eJKif;ig,dkoGL/ ]]&[e>f v>G a[;G - em>,rkd O.f wuJ af cyG kd aA.G pi>f uikJ ;f e0>f AGdKefpGOf. zif;aEGmif>'GKrfxm> aotm.&Jif>uJkifwAm.? wGdK.acGydk aA.G pi>f uikJ ;f aem0>f rO.f wuJ wf rG .f em> ypD OG .f aotm.oetf rKdG if pm;}}red ;f xLG eKJi;f aem0>f wiJ f a[m>f oKGyxf iJ ;f ,i;f w&m>tvumF . wyGKwf eJKif;ig,dkoGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 63 tyÜrawåm yrawåok ? okawåok A[kZm*a&m / tAvóH 0 oDCaom ? [dwGm ,mwd okar\"awm/ yrawoå k - v>kd utwkH zed >f er;f xm>z.kH tuokd >l aem0>f ? oak woå k - £&,d m.yxk vf >G AikJ f wiKdGU'g.y*k Kd¾v.f z.kH tuokd >l e0>f ? tyrÜ awmå - uwazi>f er;f w0;f 'g.? A[Zk m*a&m - £&,d m. yxk f uuikJ uf aomG i'f g.? a,m- y*k Kd¾v.f wjzm>jzm>e0>f ? tw-d¬ oH0dZÆwd - atm0f.ygaomh>aEGmif>oGL? okar\"aom - uw zed >f er;f awm0;f uuikJ ;f aomG i'f g. ynm.osi.f y*k Kd¾ v.f a0>G e0>f w;J w?hJ oCD aó0 - yAD KdG eaf orKdG ipf m; tm.oewf Am.o>l ? tA vóH [dwGm ,mwd - utGOf.uJkifjzwf> zif;wuwf>avG> 'g. aotm.ajcmwAm.aem0f>twGdKif>? yrwåH okwåH [dwGm ,mwd - oH;oGOfvdwf oH;tm;xkwfw&m> tGOf.uJkifzif; wuw>f nm>pOG .f 'sm. y*k Kd¾ v.f wazi>f er;f ? y*k Kd¾ v.f v>G AikJ f wiKdG U om;zHk.tavmif;aem0f>oGL &[ef>oD;zHk.a[G;/ w&m>uwl.uAsmtJOf. Ä azi>f er;f om;cg ? t0.f uikJ cf sm ? vOJ ;f cgjcL.e0>f v>kd uikJ ;f oLG / Ä yaD otm.oe?f zi;f xm>,?H zi;f uw>f nm>,ef aon;H oLG / w&m>vumF .,kd wy'k vf ohJ wG >f &[e>f o;D z.kH vhJ v>vG cef;'sm. r*fzdkvf.&ef;&ef;zHk.oGL/

64 yrwåm yrwå a'Go[m,u 0w¬Kcef> wJufwGef>cg>ao> &[e>f o>G a[m0cf si>f eyD g> av>G tm;xwk wf &m>ausmi>f awm.&>udkoGL? wyg>aem0f> tm;xkwfarG;? wyg>aem0f> rm> eKJ i;f tm;xwk yf KHG. uKdG>ae;i0;f aEmG i>f us.H p,.f BupJ xf m>oLG ? BupJ f xm>'g.ig.wiJ f i0;f t&m. 0i>f aEmG i>f awm0;f a0>G awmG >h pi;f tOG .f a&>'GKrfa0G>? tGOf.urf;o>cef;'sm. a0G>oabmf>twGdKif>oGL/ a0>G aem0>f xi;f 'sm.a0>G ,H aEmG i>f to>G awmG >h xKdGi.f wKdG. temwiJ f (uyG af 0>G BupJ xf m>twuG )f a0>G er;f epef m.csmAm.'sm. oGL/ 0g.wiG >f ovHG mvKGr;f av>G tm;xwk rf Ykwd &m> tKdG;ausmi>f awm.&>vhJ a0>G v>w0;f xm>wrikJ >f ? 0g.wiG >f ovHG mvKG r;f oKG r>f ajciftcdef.? a0G>oufvdkYajcif oGHvmwm.oGL/ a0G>oG>uJkif;wyg>aem0f>wJ;wJh uGdK>awm0f;aig0f;BuJpf uKdG>tm;xwk af r;G wiJ f ovHG mtwiG >f xmG v>ce;f y#od r'dÇ gÓP.f v> &[EÅm.yk*¾dKvf.t&ef;oGL/ uxe.f av>G p awm.&>uckd gaem0>f AKdG e0f i>f w&e;f csi.f ? av>G oKdG oKdG 0i>f ? u,G .f awmG >h ovHG mwnwe>f uukd m.awm0;f twiG >f um.vukd (v>kd BupJ of m;? v>kd ar;G om;,)kd csi>f csi>f umG . jzwf>pGOf.0if> yDrdkY>wGrf.[H. erf;ref>wGrf.xDtwGdKif>oGL/ uxmG Am.eKJi;f ,akd em0>f tced .f avmG u>f rihJ g t&yaf '.o avGmuf>rJhig arG;awm0f;? yg.'sm.vdk>oGL? vdk>arG;om;wGrf.

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 65 vdk>BuJpfom;,dk yDpGOf.zif;xm>,H aotm.oefwAm. zif;w uw>f aotm.ajcmwAm.awmG >h aotm.ajcmatm0.f uikJ nf m> 'Ggjzwf>jzpf>pGOf. twGdKif>aem0f>oGL/ avmuudk,dk oGOfavmuD>ynm.vJh w½dk>awm0f;? avmukwå&m.ynm.vJh w½dk>awm0f;? xkrf.avmuD>Opöm>vJh w½>kd awm0;f tjzm>rikJ >f t&;D om; ced .f v>tmwiJ f vOJ ;f igausmf 0i>f ? tjzm>rikJ >f ced .f v>aq>h e&D i>f aq>h wiJ f atm0.f uikJ Af m.0i>f q>v eKJ i;f aem0>f ar;G awm0;f oLG ? wrikJ >f 0&D ,d y.kd wrikJ >f xm>a0.G zef.,H? wrJkif>ukodkvf.uH.vD> tm.oefvJh wrJkif>wuwf> wrJkif>ausmfig'sm.oGL/ uH. ÓPf. 0D&d, aem0f>oGHpGdK;tudk oif;[ef.om; wr>kd arm0;f wrsK>d ? oi;f [e.f om; wr>kd arm0;f erD sK>d ? oi;f [e.f om; wrdk>arm0f;oGHrsKd>oGL? xG>aEGmif>awm0f; yk*¾dKvf. uH. ÓP.f 0&D ,d o&HG e;f uwaomG i;f xokd m;z.kH oLG ? uyG yf KdG ;aem0>f r> xmG ;aAm>h y*k Kd¾ v.f v>kd vr;f vhJ v>kd ay.,vH OJ ;f v>kd weaf tm0.f aAm.xm>? y*k Kd¾v.f v>kd ausmi>f vhJ &[e>f ay.osi.f ay.us y.kd vOJ ;f &[ef>wef osif.wef armh>Am.vGoGL? oGOfeJKif;eJKif;0if>vdwf xkrf.eJKif;eJKif;0if>Opöm. tv>csif>t'g.csif> wAGdKefvGw0f;0if> aem0f>oGL/ uyG af em0>f r> oaH vmu>D ? oaH vmuwk ?f ooH OG vf wd ?f orftm;xkwfw&m>? orfxkrf.½GOfawmif>? rJOfrm>rsKd>rJkif> w a,m0f; acGvJOf;qJkif>vJOf;0if>? acGtcdef.v>aqh>ig. ,l.rGKef;

66 yrwåm yrwå a'Go[m,u 0w¬Kcef> awm0;f ? o>ay.rKG e;f awm0;f ? uKdG >aomG uh sK>d pm>vikJ ;f ? uKdG >aomG h pO>f pm>a0.G ze.f ar;G vikJ ;f ? uKdG >aomG h ygwrG .f u,kd .f usi>f oKG e.f o> &i>f a[m0'f g.vikJ ;f / rO.f rm>eKJ i;f ,wkd iJ f yAD KdG epf OG .f aotm.oef zi;f xm>,tH wKdG i>f atm0.f wuw>f ao.ao.em;pOG .f v>kd v>G ? v>kd azi>f erf;? vdk>uH.nrf;? vdk>o>ukef.uJif.zHk. eD>eD>em>em>? tD.vJOf;nm>jcL.Am. tGdK;zJh>igol> tref. wJufwGef>cg>Am.eJKif; ,dkoGL/ yrwåm yrwå0w¬Kcef> xGLvJOf;,dkoGL/ ____________ tyÜrm'0*fudkvGOf rC0w¬Kcef> aAG.rswfbk&m> tHkyGdKif;a0omvD. ueif;awm.rl.'g. w½yG wf ef wi.f x.D ausmi>f wKdG uuf tkd wiG >f a0omv.D a0i>f ukd yg>rO>f r[mvvd pd ä0.D atm0.f wjzm>oLG ? a0>G xKdGi.f em.Am. ouú yO§okwåef.w&m>wJif ]]aAG.bk&m>,dk tH.jzm.arG;wJ; oDusm> ap>pdef.? a0G>aAG.xD.zdk oDusm>ap>pdef.? aoig>zdk oDusm>erf; a[mif;? a[mf><udKU>'sm.a[mif;}}rJOfaopJif;eJKif;aem0f>awGmh> avG>&Daxhcef; aAG.bk&m> erf;awm.xs>oGL/ ]]ouD sm>er;f e0>f acxG .D Am.uKdG r[mv}d }b&k m>xKdG i.f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 67 rdef;csmwJif ]]vGdK; twk'sm.aAG.? tD.xD.Am. oDusm>erf;wJ; wJh t,yf>wef}}a0G>avm0f;csmcef; eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aem0>f wiJ f b&k m>aA.G vhJ ]]r[mvad [;G - ouD sm>er;f vahJ em0>f ? w&m>uxmG aEmG i>f tD ouD sm>vehJ 0>f aceG r;f awm. aoig>uGdK? oDusm>,dkcge0f> pdk;&D;xGmvdk>b0 urm>ukodkvf. wGif>e0f> rOf>rCwJif ,dkcg[Jh>wGif. ]]rC0g}}oGL/ p;kd &;D xmG v>kd rm>Am.zukd ok vkd .f wiJ f ,ckd g[>hJ wiG .f ]]y&k Ed ´ '}}oGL? pdk;&D;xGmvdk>wGif> ½dk.½dk.ao.ao. vl.wef>xm>wJif ,ckd g[>hJ wiG .f ]]ou}ú }oLG ? p;kd &;D xmG v>kd wiG >f v.l Am.aqmuOf >D wiJ f ,ckd g[>hJ wiG .f ]]0go0}}oLG ? usK>d ausmi>f upd wö a&if cwf csif>pJif;eJif; xD.$zOfwJif ,dkcg[Jh>wGif. ]]o[óu©}}oGL/ to&k m.yrkd .l ei>f oZk m.0g>wiJ f [>hJ wiG .f ]]oZk rwÜ }d }oLG ? tkyfyGdKif.xH wm0wðom.weHwJif [Jh>wGif. ]]a'0gerdE´}} oGL? a0>G xmG v>kd b0 armi.f rCced .f wiG >f a0>G usi>f Am.z>l usi>f a[m0f rswf'g. ]]pdk;oufvGKrf;wGif>? vGL;vif>rGdK;zg? wefcg½dk.ao.? a'g>h aig0;f t.DG c>G ? rm>y>awm0;f 0i>f ? ap>aeY>ui>f jcL.? v.l we>f wao.? a'gh>rJOf.ao.em;? o>vsm;w0f;&if>? pk$cOf;vif>}} oDusm>ausmif>&if> EGwf>pGdK;aem0f>oGL r[mvda[G; }}/ aAG.bk&m> xGdKif.rdef;eJKif;aem0f> r[mvdorf;rJOfao ouD sm>Zmwvf >D armi.f rCausmi>f c&m. tvikJ ;f awmG >h aA.G rswf

68 rC0wK¬ ce>f bk&m> a[mf>NcJKif;az. tvJkif;eJKif;ig,dkoGL/ ]]pcg rm*\"eiJ .f ie.f rpv'ukH kd armi.f rC,kd uxKdG i.f avG>xm>rm>udkawGmh> a0G>tHkwm.e0f> wGrf.cif.a0G>[Gwf>cef; [H.zGef. rm>aMumif;BuJUcef;oGL/ yg>azsmqf ikJ >f wjzm> wrG .f ajyief iJ .f a0>G ? &rd tf akH om>h ce;f oLG ? a0>G ovsm;awm0;f ? az.takH wmawmG >h a0>G wm.&i;f a0>G zsifaMumif;,if; tvifwaxGmif;oGL? azsmfvGOftjzm>wGdKif> vOG wf LG .&rd Ef KdG i.f awmG >h a0>G az.Am. ci.f vr;f vOG ;f vOG .f wiJ f ]]a0>G o;D vYkdvYkd uyG af cwG iJ f csr>f om.Am.v?G xm>rm>csr>f om.0i>f rsK>d ,dk a[m0fxGmwJ; acGxm>rm>}}a0G>,l.cef; eJKif;e0f>oGL/ e0f> wiJ f qikJ >f we>D a0>G x.l wrG .f er.f zsiwf ;J 0g;pOG .f ci.f vr;f ? wsmALG wvi>f wAm.oLG ? v>kd z.kH vhJ vOG tf vkH zG siaf em0>f tu?kd a0>G vchJ >G ced .f aem0>f tal z.ygar.? vsm;ced .f aem0>f w,>f az.ygce;f xoD LG ? qikJ >f aem0>f ]]xm>om.,m.rsK>d ,kd uRKud vf pG KG r.f jzm>}},.l xLG eKJ i;f aem0>f wiJ f rLG ;a&m0>f xKdG i.f apm0;f av>G zsiwf z>l ? v.kd a'gG Y>aoi.f yivf hJ a'gG Y>cOG >f av>G ce;f oLG ? yg>wjzm> xKdGi.f x.D ]]rm>wrikJ >f ,}kd } &cD e;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / ]]rm>erf;wm. wzl>xif.vl>crf;oGLa[G;}}a0G>xGdKif.½dk> awGmh> uGDrm>v>oG>cef; a0G>oGL? ]]rm>oG>v>'sm.? ,dkaem0f> 0if>vJhuRKduf? a[m0fvJhua[m0farGmha[G;}}a0G>xGdKif.vu©H. vOG wf iJ f unJG wKdG .ce;f v>kd tjzm>oqHG ?D wz>l vhJ a[m0wf KdG .ce;f w,l.Zem. eD,l.Zem.udkoGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 69 r.D wKdG i.f xKdG i.f x.D ]]a0>G o;D ,kd v.kd rm>awm0;f aem0>f rm>? rD.orf;xkrf.'sm. pOf.xwjcmudk? rD.'GdK.pm'sm.a'g0f? rD.rm>'sm. tvif wpKdG ;pKdG ;aem0>f actG .D v>tcOG .f p;l p>d }},.l xLG wiJ f [>hJ ppJ f cef;a0G>oD; ]]rm>vGwrJkif>}}oGL/ ]]rm>vwG z>l xi.f v>l cr;f }}xKdGi;f avm0;f eKJ i;f aem0>f wiJ f ]]v>kd vr;f o;D rsK>d aem0>f a[m0rf m>awm0;f aem0>f rsK>d xrk .f 'sm.pO.f x? 'KdG.t>G 'sm.a'g0?f rm>'sm.tvivf izf .kH r> a[m0of eYJ}}red ;f ce;f a0G>oD; eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ a'g>h red ;f tviJ .f viJ .f vhJ a0>G o;D em.awm0;f wiJ f o>vsm; xm>? avm0;f e,pf OG .f ceG f ]]acoG OG ;f x.D peG f atm0.f p0k i>f wjcm udk}}tausmif>oGL? cGefvJhrqif.rcsif. xGOf.qGrf>xGOf.,rf;oD wrG .f qiof LG ? armi.f rCvhJ ]]vKdGarwmå . euD KdG>c&m. tOJ af xm0;f ? o>vsm;rKG e;f wrikJ >f rikJ >f ? ceG rf .D wKdG i.f qif eeD r;f z.kH ,tkd avmi;f ae;arwmå . &uwf smwsmvaG omG }h }tausmi>f qKHG>r>ce;f a0>G o>G zHk.oGL/ uyG af rwmå .w>H c>kd wiJ f qiaf v>G axAh KGe.f awm0;f a0>G o;D oLG ? ceG vf hJ ]]qiif r;f 'sm.v>kd }},.l xLG wiJ f xOG .f 'Ykd>AO.f ae;wrG .f ajcm0f.? tGOf.,rf;zsifwvJif.vJh qifzJkif;nm>'sm.aeaeoGL? aem0>f wiJ f ceG rf OJ af opiJ ;f tausmi>f xKdGi.f &aD &mG iaf wmG >h a0>G o;D a'g>h e,wf iJ f ceG af ox>G ce;f a0>G o;D tausmi>f ? r.D wKdGi.f vOJ xf m> tausmi>f oLG / aem0>f wiJ cf eG vf hJ ]]w&d päme.f <uKdU> oaD oau>Z>l ? acGxGmvdk> aoawm0f;xm> rGdKufig.wJif o,f>cH.vGAJif;acG}}

70 rC0wK¬ ce>f awmi>f jye.f xLG awmG >h r.D wKdGi.f wvr;f vKG r;f aem0>f tOG .f xmG awm armi.f rCoOG ;f ? az.yga0>G xrk ;f wm. qiwf Am.? az.cr.f pm>yg a0G> 'Hkaem0f>$cOf;NcD;oGL/ armi.f rCo;D pKdG >vhJ ]]uok vkd .f usK>d x.D rsuaf rmupf OG .f ,ckd g}}½>kd xLG wiJ f o>,ed ;f oKdG >voG LG ? qiaf em0>f xrk ;f v.l vikJ .f v0G i>f ? wKdG i.f yi.f vzG sif ]],ckd g e,D ed ;f v.kd rm>w;J w;J uok vkd .f ? rm>vGrsKd>rJkif>tD.,H? wzl>vpf>qGKrf.udk rm>vGwGrf trsm>[GD anmif> tHkyqm;tD xm0&w&GyfwefwNzHK.}}tausmif>oGL/ [>hJ vuof rm> uxKdGi.f rm> o>p,G >f v>kd r.l avmi;f tOJ f x0;f vwG iJ f az.ygaom>h awm0;f v>kd r.l uok vkd .f z.kH oLG ? aem0>f wiG >f armi.f rCvr;f ukd ]]eEm´ . pwd må . o\"k rm® . oZk m.}}v>kd r.l t0.f vp>f jzm>tukd r.l o\"k rm® .,kd x>kd vuaf qmi.f awmG >h wKdG i.f yif.awh> vuform>wefwJif tempsLwm. zJhoJif>&D;aoif.? w>hJ &;D '&kd ;D wrJ ;f cg>&;D vwf ]]o\"k rm® .w½yG }f }eKJi;f aem0>f oLG ? vwd f e0f>e0f> AJOfAOf.cg>ao>wGrf.ydwfoGL/ w½GyfxGdKif.xGL 'if.tempsLeD>r> vuform>uGJ;½dk> ]]eDatm0f.azif>rm>cg>&D; tempsL? ,dkcgr> uGJzJhaoif.apm0f. rm>aem0>f a[m0af wm0;f ? rO.f v>'sm. aoi.f oiJ &f ;D ? w>hJ &;D '&kd ;D ? rm>cg>&;D e0>f a[m0rf Ykd}}eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? ]],ckd gr> t.D rm>eKJ i;f rikJ >f uGdK}}armif.rCoD;vJh v0f;csmAm.cef; eJKif;e0f>½GKrf>oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 71 ]]vr;f ,i[f e.f rm>pm'g.tempsL? xrk .f ajz>p.H oLG uKdG }} vuform> orf;½dk>eJKif;aem0f>awGmh> uxGdKif.xkrf.v,f. ajz> armh>cef; ok\"r®m.vrf;udkoGL? ajz>tidk>wa&ifvJh pmawm0f;? ½>kd awm'sm. ]]rO.f az.ygn>D uok vkd .f w;J whJ v.l 'sm.}} tausmi>f oGL/ ]]ewD ;J az.ygaEmG i>f awm0;f v>kd r.l uok vkd .f }}armi.f rC or;f ½>kd csmeKJ i;f aem0>f awmG >h vuof rm>wef ½>kd az.csm ]]oaD 'g>h wrikJ >f ? vKdG As[m® .cr;f ? v>kd r.l vpG cf i.f vr;f tOJ af xm0;f x.l vOG f aoGmh tempsLaem0f>? aem0f>r> eDxm>rm> xGLaEGmif>oGLuGdK}} eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aem0>f wiJ f x.l 'i.f vcG e;f tempsLw½yG vf hJ xLG ce;f awmG >h aem0>f tuckd ,G >f vcG e;f ceG wf m.? qi>f &,>f om;wm.? v>dk qm wm.? oyHG eG ;f oaHG cg0ef KJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? aem0>f xLG yigy&m>? tOG .f wcg>cKHG .t'kH i.f takH emiwf m. oqHG oD AHG m.wiJ f a'g>h cg>v0G i>f qif xs> yigy&m>? ]]xOf.rOf.tHk'if. tHkaemifwrJkif>cif.vrf;udkvJh yomaxah omG h wrikJ >f vr;f ? wrikJ >f prd .f Es>az. 'sm. t[aDG nmi>f ? az.tH.tG>'sm. 'JOf[ef.}}tausmif>oGL/ qiaf em0>f vhJ aem0>f twKdGi>f yomvOG af z.xO.f ? vr;f aA.G z.kH vhJ rm>az.ce;f xO.f 0w?f vLG ;ce;f t.H t>G xO.f uv.kd ors 'g. weD>vGKrf;wm.oGL? armif.rCaem0f> qdkY>ao>qkefAGmrGL; w&Gyfaem0f>xs>wJif qkefAGmrGL;zJh>v tGOf.wH>ygcef; cGHK.tHk'if.

72 rC0wK¬ ce>f tHkaemifwm.zHk.oGL/ vdk>uEGdKUvGOfw½Gyfaem0f> xGdKif.xGm;uDtempsL zwf vwd af wmG >h ]],ekd 0>f [>hJ o\"k rm® .w½yG }f }whJ ½>kd a&mivf 'G sm.eKJ i;f aem0>f z.kH oLG ? armi.f rCo;D oqHG oD jHGzm>rO>f aem0>f x>kd wr;kd rhJ 'sm.aem0>f oLG ? r.l eEm´ .vhJ pO>f pm>ce;f ]]a0>G o;D w½yG uf kd az.yg aom>awm0f; eDukodkvf.? rl.ok\"r®m.e0f>vuf>wJif ygnD>Am. tempsL? acGvJh[0fygnD>Am. rsKd>rJkif>,dk}}eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aem0f>wJif a0G>,l.v>twGdKif> a0G>[l.az.cef; vdk>u azsmvf OG f w&yG uf zkd .kH ? t>G oKHG>wm. xuD e.f wNzKH.oLG ? r.l pwd må .vhJ pO>f pm>eKJ i;f eKJ i;f awmG >h a0>G u,.l v>twKdG i>f a0>G vqhJ Ykd>az.ce;f vdk>uazsmfvGOfw½GyfudkzHk.? $cdKif;tDerf;wm. aum0f.rsKd>pGKrf.? aum0f.jcHwjcHoGL/ wGdK>rl.okZm.awGmh> ]]acG,dk armif.rC zlydkrl.vJharG;? armi.f rC rmr.l vahJ r;G wiJ f armi.f rCurm>vhJ acxG m>rm>'sm.? acGurm>vJh armif.rCxm>rm>'sm.}}pOf>pm>eJKif;e0f>awGmh> rm>awm0;f uok vkd .f wrikJ >f rikJ >f oLG ? $cKd i;f 'sm.er;f wiJ f wp;kd ouf vdk>avG>cef;'sm.oGL? armif.rCaem0f> uGyfaorm>ao.em; usi>f 0wG Ef wG >f yg>wiJ f xKdGi.f oxD i.f uKG wf wm0woð m. ouD sm> cGef? a0G>oG> oGHqDeDvJh xGmnD>a0G>xs>aeaeoGL/ vuof rm>e0>f xmG 0od uk sK.H weoH LG ? qiaf em0>f xmG {&m0P.f weoH LG ? ouD sm>ceG rf O.f av>G O,smO.f jcuH kd a0>G zeqf i>f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 73 a0G>erf;{&m.0Pf.qifwefwAm. ,l.Zem.tJOf.vJkif; atm0f. w½sm>iw>f qoD LG ? ouD sm>ceG wf rG .f o>G oqHG eD tD wuG f a0>G zef qi>f qiuf w.l oqHG oD NHGzKH .? aem0>f z.kH tavmi;f ygwrG .f ysom'f ay.wef? ygwGrf.yÒif.? ygwGrf.weH yG,f>obif.zHk.oGL/ uw.l wNzKH .avmi;f p,G >f EwG >f v;D ? p,G .f wv;D avmi;f xDEGwf>uef.? wuef.udk AdkEGwf>NyHK.? wNyHK.udk taum0f.yg EGwf>wJkif? wwJkifudk aum0f.vm.ygEGwf>xyf? wxyfavmif; ei>f r.l ygEwG >f jzm>? atm0.f usL.Am.av>G vxG m>z.kH oLG ? wiG >f aem0>f wm0woð m.cr;f ukd to&k m.v>l z.kH vhJ t0.f tvkH oG LG ? a0>G o;D ½>kd ]]vl>womzHk. uGKwftmvGarG;}}awGmh> a0G>oD;pD.pJOf. pm.*vG tH.tG>vG weHa'g0fxDzHk.oGL/ oDusm>cGefwJ;wJh az.tG>awm0f; a0G>oG>csif>zHk.oGL? to&k m.v>l o;D z.kH aem0>f t>G reG >f v0G i>f oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f ouD sm> cGefe0f> ]]a0G>oD; uyga&mf>'g. ap>pdef.,dk rm>tDwrJkif>}}wJif xGOf.toG>zHk. aosm0f;tok&m. vl>oD;cif.eDyif xGOf.eJKif.cef; aomh> ork'´&m.xDudkol>/ to&k m.v>l z.kH vhJ uw.l v>hJ iv xahJ om>h vG or'k &´ m. xDudkwJifawGmh> uGyfa0G>oD; ukodkvf.vD>tusKd>wJif a0G>oD; twm. to&k m.bKHG .Ard me.f ,H wrG .f csm>ar;rLG ;wewf rLG ; ayg. ayguvf OG af z.ce;f rsi>f r&kd .f aumif tuizf >hJ vuokd LG ? to&k m. v>l o;D z.kH p>hJ oKG r>f x>kd wiJ f ouD sm>ceG f a0i>f aem0>f vikJ ;f vOG cf e;f

74 rC0wK¬ ce>f wGdKU>uGOf.aem0fxif> ,l.Zem.waomif>aAGaAGoGL/ a0i>f EKdGUxe.f wcg>ayguwf a&i?f a0i>f uwkd iJ f aum0.f jcHxDuef.zHk.? ae;wGrf.vH. ,l.Zem.xdk oGH½sm> uzsifwJ;0g;cg> 'sm. zGdK.xdk,l.Zem.EGwf>½sm> a0Z,EÅmysom'f,if;wNzHK.vJh atm0f.wH>aomh>oGL/ w0KGe>f wKGef ,.l Zem.o½HG sm> ya'om.qAkH mG rLG ;vhJ wrLG ;? qHkAGmrGL;zJh>v tJOf.vJkif;,l.Zem.olqD xdkuDatm0f.aomh> qD iw>f ,.l Zem.? v;kH urvÁ m.a&mi.f wEsm.qm;ave0>f vwhJ NzKH . pGKrf.aph>wJ;0g;oGL? vl.Am.w½Gyf ae;wGrf.qifyomxJOf; xGm vuof rm> rm>,uH Akd m.w½wG iJ f a0>G o;D z.kH v>vaG p>ped .f v>l b0 yigy&m>eJKif;e0f>zHk.oGL/ ei>f o\"k rm® . ei>f eEm´ . ei>f pwd må . o;D z.kH xKdG i.f ovD wG iJ f uGKwfaxh oDusm>cGefxs> yigy&m>oGL? eif>ok\"r®m.twGuf tOJ .f vikJ ;f ,.l Zem.uwG >f ½sm> wecH r;f aysm.c&m. ta[m0of wG >f o\"k rm® .w½yG f ayg.ayguvf OG af z.ce;f oLG ? vmopG >f e>D Oyok wf KdGi>f vhJ w&m>y,G >f xmG aom>h aem0>f uzkd .kH oLG ? ei>f eEm´ .twuG vf hJ tOJ .f vikJ ;f ,.l Zem.iw>f ½sm> aysm.c&m. eEm´ .xuD e.f ayg.ayguf vGOfaz.cef;oGL/ ei>f pwd må .twuG vf hJ tOJ .f vikJ ;f ,.l Zem.iw>f ½sm> pwd å vwm. O,smOf.jcHwjcH ayg.aygufvGOfaz.cef;oGL? weHtD.oD zHk.aem0f> o>,kyuf,Houfom. 0if>yomaxhtGOf.aysm.

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 75 wazif>erf;az.vGaem0f> tudkzHk.oGL/ oZk m.aem0>f &m> uyG uf ok vkd .f tOJ af xm0;f oaD jciwf iJ f avG>uGKwf'sm. 0g;AGmrGL; aumifajcmuf>cg. xD.uef.udkoGL? ouD sm>ceG xf KdGi.f ao vi>f a'g>h &NDcKJi;f e,f tc&m.? qrG >f xLG xi.f tOG .f p>G axch e;f eEm´ .xuD e.f aomiof LG ? o\"k rm® . eEm´ . pwd må .o;D xmG ;xmG ;ia&micf e;f 'sm. ]]eKJi;f 'sm.,wkd eaf [;G xmG ;rKdGitf ajzmi;f 'D.? xGm;rGdKiftcif.zHk.ol> wa&>arG;aemf>}} eJKif;aem0f>zHk.oGL/ aem0f>wJif a0G>½dk> ]]0if>ia&mifig.acG? yomcsmaoGmh acGcif.vrf;vD>udk}}wJif oDusm>cGefvJh yomcGKef>csmcef;a0G> aumifajcmuf>cg. xDuef.udkoGL? ,HuGKwfaxhrdk; oDusm>cGef awmG >h ouD sm>ceG f xOG .f ae;x.l xed >f uaH v>G ce;f oOif w>f oLG / cg.eoD eHG >D ouD sm>ceG f rm>eKJi;f xoyD KHG. vi>f p>H a0>G o.D v? a0>G xKdG i.f arm>h xotD .D t.H arsm.awmG >h xtOG .f woKdG ; e,cf e;f tar;oLG ? aem0>f wiJ f ]]treG 'f sm.armG }h },.l oLG epJ tf OG .f p>G t,kH i;f wqi.f ouD sm>ceG f rm>eKJ i;f xoaD r;G vOJ ;f yKHG.wiJ f a0>G xKdGi.f usr.f arsm.,if;wvJif. wvJhavmtGOf.woGdK;e,f,if; tar;e,f pG,f wpd>ay.oGL/ a0>G vhJ ]]reG 'f KdGe;f 'sm.armG }h }½>kd xLG wiJ f epJ tf OG .f p>G cKG e>f ,i;f oGL? oDusm>cGef vif>pH>axheJKif;,dk oGHvJif.aAGaAGoGL/

76 rC0wK¬ ce>f ]]acGpH>'sm.em> oD.v? xdef>v>v>aoGmheJKif;,dk? n awm0f;rJh> em>wGdK.axhAm.acGxs>}}qGHK>r>cg>xGLeJKif;,dkwJif oD usm>cGef xif.cGKef>csmcef;'sm. weHcrf;oGL? a0G>vJh xoDxGL v>wcg. v>awm0f;wcg.wJif xGdKif.v>awm0f;tvJif. cg.eD oeHG >D a0>G oaD wmG >h uyG of .D vtusK>d wiJ f a0>G uKG wAf m.v>dk b0 Am.&m.PoD.a0if> zGdKif>om;ydkrl.oGL/ ouvf >vOG f qoD al ei.f ukd ouD sm>ceG xf KdGi.f ao 'i.f aAG &wem. (7)yg> rm>eJKif;[ef.EGef.avmyGHK.wJif 'if>EGdKUa0if>udk aqm.cef;xm> ]],Hxl.vG0if> [ef.EGef;&m.zHk.}}oGL/ xGdKif.vGOfajz>vGwJif ]]ae;awm0f;tidk>? acGaz.'sm. v>kd r.l xed >f oOof m;}}½>kd awmeKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / ]]oOaf em0>f wrikJ >f ajzi;f eYJ orG .f eYJ yeD KJi;f rikJ >f ? zKdGi>f om; yrkd .l o>l t½>kd a0>G xed >f oOwf ?hJ az.aomG ah 0>G [ikJ ;f }}ajz>om;z.kH vhJ ½>kd csmeKJ i;f aem0>f oLG ? zKdG i>f om; ydkrl.vJh ]]acGtGOf.vGpfzdkawm0f; oOfiwf>? az.aoGmhacG,dk}}uGD xl.avG>cef;eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ ouD sm>ceG vf hJ ]]x.l vOG 'f sm.&i>f emwm.armG ,h }kd }½>kd csm xGLawGmh> 0g;avG>cef;avm zGdKif>om;vrf;oGL? 0if>vif,Hxl. v>rKG e;f wiJ f rm>aoce;f weOH pmö . [e.f EeG ;f &m.'sm.wKdG i>f wKdG i>f awGmh> ]]vGLtDaoGmherf; wGrf.,dk xdef>aoGmhoOfvJkif;rl.}}xGOf. cg>eJKif;aem0f> oJif>csmcef;'sm. weHcrf;oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 77 ei>f oZk m.vhJ atm0.f zKdG i>f om;yrkd .l ouwf e>f xKdG i.f vYkd av>G uKG waf xah wm ouD sm>ceG &f e.f o.l to&k m.ceG f yrkd .l b0 oLG ? ebD 0vKG r;f uyG xf ed >f oOtf usK>d wiJ f a,mi>f a&>zikJ .f xmG ; ig.oGL? tok&m.cdkAif.zHk. azsmfaxhwGdKif> ]]acGydkrl.xGdKuf wef. awm0f;oD}}½dk>xGLwJif pkaz.xGL tok&m.cdkAif.wJ;0g;zHk.awGmh> ]]yrkd .l er;f we.f &m> xmG ;vKdG u'f sm.}}tausmi>f tyaf z. ce;f yrkd .l aum0f.acG. qGtD0if>cdkwacG.oGL/ oDusm>cGef orf;aoxG>awGmh> oDusm>rm>eJKif; t o&k m.jzm;wjzm>yKHG . takH Am>h ce;f taomi&f i>f oLG ? ei>f oZk m.vhJ uGyfb0&D; t$cDatm0f.nD>0if>wGrf. oDusm>cGefwJif xD.wJif p,G >f v>H aum0.f ac.G aem0>f eKJ i.f 'i.f r;kd axph OG .f 'sm. ouD sm>ceG f aem0f>oGL? tok&m.wefzHk.vJh ]]eDcGefaem0f> rJkif>cgum.xGKrf. v,.f yrkd .l uwe'f sm.0g>aem0>f v>vOG af wm0;f ? ,ckd gxKdGi.f v>vhJ yrkd .l aem0>f armG wh e.f 'sm. tjzm;we,f }kd }0i>f o>ig.eKJi;f aem0>f awmG >h zif;xdk>vGcef;'sm.oGL/ ouD sm>ceG vf hJ p.DG ygoZk m.pal wmG >h ]]ac,G okd uD sm>'sm.}}NcD aig0f;ausmif.uDcef;'sm. aumif.uif.udkoGL? tok&m.zHk.vJh ]]ouD sm>jzm; vOJ vf OJ ;f e}D }NcaD ig0;f ajci;f vOG >f vcG e;f 0i>f z.kH oLG / rmwvd 0g;vOG af 0Z,EmÅ &xm> t0.f aygG wz>l avmi;f wiJ f ouD sm>ceG vf hJ 'i.f ei>f oZk m. 0g;zi;f oiJ >f axch e;f 'sm. weH a0i>f aem0>f oLG /

78 rC0wK¬ ce>f xGdKif.wGdK.ndK;rGL;waEGmif;udkwJif *VKef.ay.zHk. o>0> &xm>aig0;f NcaD jcm0vf xG m>z.kH oLG ? ouD sm>xKdG i.f ao ir;f *VKe.f ay.z.kH o>0>ovD aG wmG >h xOG .f rmwvd 0g;cKG e>f csmce;f &xm>oLG ? rmwvdvJh wGrf.cGOf;az.owd> aoAm.wa&if 0g;cGKef>&xm> wiJ f wajci;f vOG >f 'g. to&k m.z.kH aem0>f ,.l awm'sm. ]]ouD sm> v>vGOfvJOf; pJh>ul.nD.]}wJif eJpfzif;cGKef>csmvG tok&m.weH a0if>udk uwl.igatGmh>AGKef.vG'GKrfoGL/ ouD sm>ceG vf hJ ei>f oZk m.,kd toD iJ >f weaH 0i>f tOG .f xmG pGOf. weHrl. eDuka#.cG,f> tweftu,f.oGL? eif>okZm.vJh wecH r;f u,D kd uyG rf KdG;zg z;l a0;tOJ af xm0;f wiJ f ]]0g>cakd A.G av>G rikJ >f uvkd hJ ,[H >hJ yg}}xKdGi.f uqDG >k eKJ i;f ,kd 0g>cokd uD sm>ceG vf hJ ]]ar;G 'sm.}} az.cef;uwd az.cef;qk>eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ wKdG.we>D cgawmG >h ]]eZD mwd wecH r;f uoD >l qAkH mG atm0.f awm0f;cdef.}}tok&m.zHk. ,l.v>vGawGmh> wa&>xif.wGdKuf> wm0woð m.weH qexf i.f r;kd ce;f ouD sm>a0i>f veG KJi;f aem0>f oLG ? ouD sm>ceG vf hJ w,.f or'k &´ m.uif uuD xD i.f wiJ f tOG .f aygG ;cg> e*g>? *VKe.f ? urk PÇ .f ? bvD >l ? v>l we0f i>f vp>f &e;f &e;f xLG wiJ f q>uDoGwf>aem0f> a0if>wcg>iGgwGdKif>tudk tGOf.cg>weH½kyf? cGKrf.wGrf.0&Zdef. plcGKrfzHk.aem0f>oGL/ tok&m.zHk.aem0f> w,f.e*g>aEGmif>xif.vGOfvJOf;uD weaH 0i>f igG xKdG i.f x.D azsmf we½H yk zf .kH awmG >h xi;f pOG .f oud sm>ceG f

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 79 erf; xef.vGOfwJif eJpfzif;vGcsmcef;0if>zHk.aem0f>oGL r[mvd a[;G }}? ]]r[mvad [;G - armi.f rC,kd eKJ i;f ua[m>f e,vf OJ ;f twKdGi>f uyG tf akH zi>f er;f awm0;f uok vkd .f wiJ f wKdG.½pG Af m.ouD sm> cGeft&ef;? tkyfyGdKif.Am. vl>eDcrf;aem0f>oGL/ takH zi>f er;f w0;f uok vkd .f ,kd b&k m>up t.H jzm.voG LG ? uGyftHkaemifAm. azif>erf;w0f; ukodkvf.wJif v>vGavmuD> avmuwk &å m. csr>f om.x>l oLG ? r[mvad [;G }}b&k m>aA.G rswf aem0>f e,af v>G xLG r[mved KJ i;f aem0>f awmG >h red ;f oKG ywf igav>G ,if; w&m>vuFm.wyGKwfeJKif;ig,dkoGL/ tyÜrma'e rC0g ? a'0geH ao|wH *awm / tyÜrm'H yarm'EÅd ? yrma'g *&[dawm o'g / teufytdk0f. / / rC - wecH r;f ukd wiG >f ,rkd O>f uatm0.f ausm.'g.? rC0g - tKdG ;pcg armi.f rC a0>G o>l aem0>f ? ty-Ü rma'e - rpv'Hk cif.vrf;tHk rsKd>aMumif;[H. w,f.xif.uk ovkd .f e0>f ay. uyG uf KdG>av>G wazi>f er;f awm0;f uok vkd .f r>k wiJ ?f a'0geH ao|wH *awm - a0>G xmG wKdG.Am.pOG .f v>l ecD r;f twef tu,f.aem0f>oGL? tyÜrm'H yoHoEÅd - azif>erf;awm0f;r> v>aEmG i>f avmu>D avmuwk cf sr>f om.wiJ f b&k m>up t.H jzm. vG'sm. azif>erf;w0f; ukodkvf.w&m>xm>rm>oGL? yrma'g

80 rC0wK¬ ce>f *[dawm o'g - azif>erf;xm>,dk uGyfvdk>vJhuJkif xGm tD tyg,.f uikJ of rsz.kH ½;DG c.kd wiJ f b&k m>up t.D ooH yH oYkd>vaG o. ao. xm>wazif>erf;aem0f>oGL/ w&m>uwl.uAsmtJOf. Ä aoeef;ukodkvf. ? uGyftm.uGdK> ? wGdK.Am.weHoGL / Ä aoee;f uok vkd .f ? b&k m>v.kd ? takH zi>f rsK>d aem0>f yoYkd>oLG / w&m>vuFm.,dk wyGKwfvJhoGwf> r[mvdvdpä0D.vJh xGmawmaomwmyef. vdk>vifzHk.vJh wGdK.vGt&d,m.t&ef; &ef;udkzHk.oGL/ wJufwGef>cg>ao> uok vkd .f zsiwf z>l uok vkd .f v.l we>f xOd >f t.H t>G <uKdU>e0>f yviJ >f xmG pOG .f ouD sm>ceG f u.D u.D u,.f u,.f e0>f ar;G aea[mi;f ? ukodkvf.pm;aem0f><udKU>aem0f> vdk>aumrm> t0f.aAGaAm.wJif t.D av>G p>H pm>c>d tci.f vr;f tKdG;rikJ >f oi;f [e.f om; ,.l ,rkd m.'g. eJKif;aem0f>oGL/

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 81 u,G .f awmG >h ,.l piJ ;f piJ ;f aomG h rm>uok vkd .f csi>f vhJ AKdG ef w0;f 0i>f oLG ? oi;f [e.f om;e0>f ae.om;w0;f wiJ f rm><uKd U>vG epof urf >k tm.&iJ >f aem0>f a,mG iaf y.viG g.oLG ? uok vkd .f peG >f yeOJ .f ukodkvf.tm.&Jif> ajcmvGKrf>'sm.oGL/ wrG .f armi.f rC rm>uok vkd .f umG .0i>f wsmrikJ >f e0>f [0f wJufpH>oGL? armif.rC,dk w,f.zsKd;aMumif;cif.vrf;tHk [H. avmi;f wp>d ay.wiJ f 0i>f viof ;H uRKud f &rd tf akH wmG >h [KGeof >a&> oGKef.o>uGJEdk>Edk> wGdK.pGOf. zsifaz.0if>trsm> wzl>oGL/ rD>wGdKif> em.vdk.awm0f; &Jcg>tvJif.vJif.vJh rm>Am. awm0f;ukodkvf. tHkaEGmif>awm0f;? rm>EGdKif.EGdKif.wJif yGdKif.yGdKif. pGOf. cGeftGOf.,rf;wGrf.qifvJh o>qmawm0f;? wrJkif>cH.vJhcH. qwG >f csmawm0;f 'sm.&i>f oLG ? u,kd .f usi>f wrG .f uok vkd .f o>acgG if wOf.arG;pGOf. wsmaem0f>oGL/ wNyiJ .f aEmG i>f tOG .f eKJ i;f aEmG i>f o>\"mwef KJ i;f aem0>f rsK>d aem0>f pO>f pm>vikJ ;f ? unJG nwiJ f wsmaem0>f vhJ tm.&>aEmG i>f awm0f;'GKrfoGL? rm>ae;wGrf. w½GyfwefwNzHK.? pk½Grfae;xGOf. wrG .f qif 'i.f yomwKdG .ae; a0>G o;D vr;f uakd wmG >h az.t.H az.t>G rm>nrd >f rm>c>G az.xO.f t½KdG;tvmG ;ae;wrG .f te,>f rsK>d pKGr.f oLG / vrf;om;rl.zHk.vJh a0G>oD;rpG,f>v>? a0G>oD;ukodkvf. w½Gyfwef,dk az.ygaomh>awm0f;vdk>rl.? a0G>oD;irf;ig. vdk>rl.

82 rC0wK¬ ce>f a&mf>aomh>a0G>oD;oGL? uG,f.awGmh> vdk>rl.zHk.vJh 0g>cdkurm> uok vkd .f z.kH ,kd ½>kd rKG e;f em.v.kd awm0;f eud of unf >D ? rOJ yf gn>D vG oLG ? pwd uf >l te,>f yigy&m> ygaom>h veG KJi;f eKJi;f wrG .f tempsL? wGrf.xDuef. wGrf.aum0f.jcHupzHk.oGL/ qivf hJ yomaz.xO.f tKdG;vr;f ao.ao.? o>a&>pKG r;f oKdG >uikd g.oLG ? uyG af em0>f r> a0>G o;D v>kd pKdG >,kd pKG r.f jzm> uok vkd .f o>AGmig.? acGgifig.? nD.vGig. u½dk>e0f> aoAm.oGL? tD.NyJif. aEmG i>f a0>G o;D ,kd ,>kd awm0;f oLG ? [e.f e>D wm0woð m. v>l cr;f o>l a0>G o;D azsmxf i.f vOG wf iJ f a0>G o;D bKHG >u.H v>D armi.f rCp;kd z.kH awmG >h a'g0rf eG >f a'g0rf >G om; oi;f [e.f vOJ ;f awm rsi>f r&kd .f z>hJ v weHa0if>udk yeJosif>yeJndrf>pGOf.oGL/ weHa0if>vJh xdk>vJkif;? ysom'fwefpm; w½GyfwefwJ; 0g;uD.u,f.pm;? xDuef.wef ao.csm.pm;? O,smOf.aum0f. jcH w;J 0g;pm;z.kH vhJ ayg.aygu$fcO;f pOG .f w$cKd ucf si>f oLG ? aem0>f r> wiJ f wm0woð m.cr;f ,wkd iG >f e0>f AKdG e'f KG ryf KdG i;f viJ .f ? w;J 0g;vOG f arG;pGOf.'sm.xm>oGL/ evD >kd cr;f ,vkd hJ bKHG>u.H om;p;kd wrsK>d 'sm.? v>kd ,wk wf rsK>d 'sm.? vr;f wAm.ukd 'wkH 'ukH ikd gvhJ taA.G z.kH xKdGi.f umG . ter;f umG . 'sm.twKdGi>f oLG ? wm0woð m.cr;f vhJ wrG .f ,ckd g wrG .f c.kd csmaem0>f umG .jzw>f nm>'sm.0i>f oLG ? rLG ;a&m0>f w½>l rCo;D pKdG > uok vkd .f u.H rO.f vYked 0>f t.D wrsK>d awm,i;f 'sm.oLG ? wacwwf rG .f wacwf

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 83 wAGdKefaEGmif>awm0f;0if>oGL/ armi.f rC,kd xKdGi.f c.H pm>Am. tusK>d u.D u.D u,.f u,.f eKJ i;f ,wkd iJ f rOJ tf OG .f e,yf gpOG .f ei>f oZk m.awmG >h xrk .f v,.f xKdGi.f arm>h [>hJ ys>e,xf LG wecH r;f wiJ f tOG .f xed >f av>G ce;f oOif w>f yg> ao.ao.aem0f>oGL/ O'g[½Pk .f z.kH ,akd em0>f rO.f rm> ar;G uok vkd .f tm.oef pm; $cKdi.f oe>f usrm® .pm;u½>kd aem0>f rOJ 'f ge rOJ of vD rOJ bf m0em. tusK>d w&m> wetf mar;G 'sm.tausmi>f ? wKdG .we>D yAD m.armi.f rC tD.v>Am. avmuD>csrf>om. avmukwfr*fzdkvf.zHk.u½dk> aem0f> om\"u,dkzHk.tv> aoAm.oGL/ uyG af em0>f r> rm>ar;G 'sm.aomG h uok vkd .f tm.&iJ >f oe?f ukodkvf.$cdKif.oef> o>&if>ap.wem.ygyg AGmacGgifwOf.awGmh> z.kH 'sm.tausmi>f wuJ wf eG >f Am.oLG ? rO.f rm>eKJ i;f ,akd em0>f yKdGi;f 0KdGU ewD iJ f ewD KdG .&m> v>kd v>l t&yof >l euD wKdG .eD uatm0.f twiG >f yDeJKif;wm0wðom. ,dkcgtwGdKif> tD.xGmvGOft&yfom.,m. rGef;aysm.c&m.zHk.tref. xD.wrGmrGm&D;pGOf.'sm. rJhNzHK.udkoGL/ rC0w¬Kcef> xGL,dkoGL/ ___________

84 tnw&bdu©K 0w¬Kcef> tyÜrm'0*fudkvGOf tnw&bdu©K 0w¬Kcef> aA.G rswbf &k m> ut0.f ei;f awm.r.l aZ.w0eG .f ausmi>f awm.udktwGif> &[ef>wyg> xGOf.a[mf>e,f ur®|mef>tm; xwk ef ,>f A>½pG af EmG i>f &[EmÅ .&e;f xLG wiJ f av>G tm;xwk af r;G wjcmudkoGL? orf;xGmvGOfw0f; &[EÅm.awGmh> ]]ur®|mef>,dk xOG .f a[m>f w;J 0g;,i;f r>}},.l xLG eKJi;f e0>f oiJ >f r;kd cKGe>f csm aA.G rswf bk&m>xs>oGL/ wz>l avmi;f ukd a0>G xKdG i.f x.D ar.c;kd wjcm a0>G epJ zf i;f xe.f aumirf Mue.f wNzKH.em? uxKdGi;f xmG ;piJ ;f ar.c;kd wjcmawmG >h o>udk,l.azsmfavG>cef; ]]ar.rsKd>,dk cdk;c&m.ay.wef ref.ors c;kd vYkdvav>G twKdG i>f t&,d m.o;D r*Óf P.f ar.e0>f vhJ oaH ,m ZOf.ay.wef ref.ors cdk;aEGmif>Am.'sm.&if>eJY}}eJKif;aem0f>oGL/ aem0>f wiJ f aA.G b&k m> t0.f ausmi>f awm.ukd aoajzmif a0G>o>awGmh> ]]&[ef>a[G; - cdk;c&m.ay.wefref;ors ar. uc;kd vYkdvav>G 'g.twKdGi>f ow0å g.,zkd .kH to>uukd t0.f ors'g. oHa,mZOf.ay.wefzHk.,dkvJh ae;wGrf.ÓPf.ar. vJh>NAHKxHwJif t0.f v.kd rm>av>G az.uxmG cKG e>f rKG e;f 'KG rof eYJ &[e>f a[;G }}a[m>f axah v>G ce;f eKJ i;f aem0>f oLG / aem0>f xLG wiJ f tOG .f p>G r;kd ax,h i;f a&mi.f awm.av ypD OG .f uatm0.f axh &[e>f aem0>f rqhJ >igawmG >h

c'k u´ eud m,f usr>f rsw\"f ry® ' 85 a[mf>oGKyfxJif; ,if;w&m>vuFm. a&mif.avAGmeJKif;ig,dk wyGKwfoGL/ tyÜrm'&awm bdu©K ? yrma' b,'ód0g / oHa,mZeH tPHk xlvH ? ![H t*¾D0 *päwd / teufytdk0f. bud K© - &[e>f u½>kd aem0>f ? tyrÜ m'&awm - aysm. reG ;f 'sm.wrG .f ,.l v>ur|® me>f uok vkd .f ce>f trsK>d rsK>d oLG ? yrm a'- takH zi>f er;f xm>tavmi;f aem0>f ? b,'ó0d g - uKG wf tiD g;½ikJ >f up tE&Å m,.f ab>xmG aEmG i>f tE&Å m,.f ab>txs> &i>f ppJ pf pJ uf ½>kd aem0>f vhJ t0.f x.D ao.em;oLG ? oaH ,mZeH tPkH xlvH - oHa,mZOf.NzGD>NzdKzHk.,dkaem0f>? ![Ht*¾D0 *päwd - yaD r.c;kd wjcmtwKdGi>f a0>G aA.G ae;wrG .f r*Óf P.f v>hJ NAKHc;kd av>G pOG .f 'sm.oGL/ w&m>uwl.uAsmtJOf. Ä &[ef>oD;rsKd> ? aysm.rGef;oGdK> ? ,l.cGdK>w&m>oGL / Ä azi>f er;f e0>f ab> ? aoyKHG.ao. ? NAKH av>G uad v. yaD r.oLG / w&m>vuFm.,dkvJhoGwf> &[ef>aem0f>vJh tHkaEGmif; xmG ; ar.c;kd wjcmtwiG >f oaH ,mZO.f vYkdvi>f xmG xi.f y#od r'dÇ g

86 tnw&bdu©K 0w¬Kcef> ÓP.f awm.v> &[e>f aA.G rswwf yg>awmG >h uR>aumi.f ui.f av>G ae; aA.G rswbf &k m>xs> 0ikJ .f t.H jzm.c.D a,m>f aA.G b&k m> trsKd>rsKd>xGLwJif uGJuR>xif.awmcef;oGL/ wJufwGef>cg>ao> eeD r;f avmi;f ,akd em0>f oKG e.f o>u½>kd 'g. xm>ao\"mwf trsKd>rsKd>vJh wpk? aow0f;wrJkif> erf;jcHKu½dk>'g. cG>vsm;up \"mwof bm0 trsK>d rsK>d z.kH vhJ wp?k ,ekd pD k atm0.f takH emivf .l vikJ .f $cOf;Al.vG0if> wJyfwJyfwJhwJh'sm.oGL/ vKdG,ekd pD k eeD r;f avmi;f ,kd wrikJ >f vhJ wtOJ af xm0;f 'KG rf 'sm.oLG ? ,ekd pD tk ukd xm>ao\"mwf trsK>d rsK>d ,akd em0>f xmG pOG .f ttOG of m;? tp.D r.H om; tc.H pm>om; tc;kd vsm;om; zeqf i>f b0womom;zHk.oGL/ xm>ao\"mwef KJ i;f aem0>f z.kH trsK>d rsK>d u,kd ekd 0>f rO.f ap orf;trsKd>aygif> yigy&m>aem0f> t0f.ygaomh> \"mwfoabmf> iw>f qoD rHG sK>d oLG ? iw>f qoD pHG KdG ;tukd ta[m0\"f mwf tc>G ½sL. \"mwvf yhJ g? tc;kd vsm; tyi.f ye>f \"mwvf yhJ g? c>G \"mwvf sm;\"mwf a&mf>aEGmif> eDzJh>vJhygoGL/ ei;f um;wiJ f oKG e.f o>ukd \"mwif w>f qoD zHG .kH wrG .f er;f jcHK;u½dk>'g. cG>vsm;up \"mwfobm0zHk.,dkaem0f> bk&m>aAG. rswf aoig>piJ ;f &;D ao.ao.'sm. b&k m>yvkd >D wy>hJ z.kH vhJ uyG bf &k m>

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