Summary of Verbs in English

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Verb: Definition, Rules and Examples of Verbs in English Grammar English verbs! What is a verb? Learn verb definition and different types of verbs in English grammar with useful verbs list and examples of verbs. The verb is a very essential type of word in any language and in English, this is no different. You must have a verb in order to create a sentence and so understanding their function is vital to being able to speak the language. In this article, we are going to be looking at what a verb is and how it is used. We will also be looking at some example sentences to further gain an understanding on what the verb is used for. What Is A Verb? What is a verb? In the most simple terms, a verb is a word which describes an action, often known as a ‘doing’ word. In the English language, the verb is the only kind of word which will change to show whether the past or present is being spoken about. The verb is considered to be the most vital part of any sentence, without it you would be left literally speechless. A verb is a word or group of words that describes an action, experience or expresses a state of being. Verbs are the main part of a sentence and one of the nine parts of speech in English. 1/29

Verb examples: Walk, is, seem, run, see, swim, stand, go, have, get, promise, invite, listen, sing, sit, … He speaks English I don’t know how to spell the word She studies hard There are many different types of verbs in English grammar: irregular verb, modal verb, dynamic verb, stative verb, auxiliary verb, causative verb,… 2/29

Types of Verbs & Verb Examples Learn different types of verbs in English with useful grammar rules and verb examples. Irregular Verbs Irregular Verb Definition Irregular verbs are common verbs in English that do not follow the simple system of adding “d” or “ed” to the end of the word to form the past tense (the past simple and/or the past participle). Irregular Verb Examples Fall – fell – fallen Feed – fed – fed Feel – felt – felt Fight – fought – fought Find – found – found Fly – flew – flown Forbid – forbade – forbidden Forget – forgot – forgotten Forgive – forgave – forgiven Freeze – froze – frozen Get – got – got Give – gave – given Go – went – gone Grind – ground – ground Grow – grew – grown Hang – hung – hung Have – had – had Hear – heard – heard Hide – hid – hidden Hit – hit – hit Hold – held – held Hurt – hurt – hurt Keep – kept – kept Kneel – knelt – knelt Know – knew – known Lay – laid – laid Lead – led – led Lean – leant/ leaned – leant/ leaned Learn – learnt/ learned – learnt/ learned Leave – left – left Lent – lent – lent Lie (in bed) – lay – lain 3/29

Lie (not to tell the truth) – lied – lied Light – lit/ lighted – lit/ lighted Lose – lost – lost Make – made – made Mean – meant – meant Meet – met – met Overtake – overtook – overtaken Pay – paid – paid Put – put – put Read – read – read Ride – rode – ridden Ring – rang – rung Rise – rose – risen Run – ran – run Saw – sawed – sawn/ sawed Say – said – said See – sawed – seen Sell – sold – sold Send – sent – sent Set – set – set Sew – sewed – sewn/ sewed Shake – shook – shaken Shed – shed – shed Shine – shone – shone Shoot – shot – shot Show – showed – shown Shrink – shrank – shrunk Shut – shut – shut Sing – sang – sung Sink – sank – sunk Sit – sat – sat Sleep – slept – slept Slide – slid – slid Smell – smelt – smelt Sow – sowed – sown/ sowed Speak – spoke – spoken Spell – spelt/ spelled spelt/ spelled Spend – spent – spent Spill – spilt/ spilled – spilt/ spilled Spit – spat – spat Spread – spread – spread Stand – stood – stood Steal – stole – stolen Stick – stuck – stuck 4/29

Sting – stung – stung Stink – stank – stunk Strike – struck – struck Swear – swore – sworn Sweep – swept – swept Swell – swelled – swollen/ swelled Swim – swam – swum Swing – swung – swung … Common Irregular Verbs List in English Modal Verbs Modal Verb Definition Modal verbs are a small class of auxiliary verbs used to express possibility, obligation, advice, permission, ability, … Modal Verb Examples Will Shall Would Should Ought to Must Mustn’t May 5/29

Might Can Could Have to/ Has to Don’t/ Doesn’t have to Modal Verb Examples Modal Verbs To Express Ability Learn how to use Modals of Ability in English Be able to Can/Can’t Be able to Could/Couldn’t Managed to Be able to Can/can’t Modals of Ability Image 6/29

Modals for Asking Permissions Learn useful Modals for Asking Permissions in English Can Could May Would Modals for Asking Permissions Image 7/29

Perfect Infinitive with Modals The structure “have + past participle” is called a perfect infinitive. Learn how to use perfect infinitive with modal verbs in English: must have, can’t have, should have, shouldn’t have, needn’t have, ought to have, may have, might have, could have, would have. Perfect Infinitive with Modals Image 8/29

Dynamic Verbs Dynamic Verb Definition 9/29

A dynamic verb is a verb that shows continued or progressive action on the part of the subject. This is the opposite of a stative verb. Dynamic Verb Examples Eat Walk Learn Grow Sleep Talk Write Run Read Go Stative Verbs Stative Verb Definition Stative verbs are verbs that express a state rather than an action. They usually relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being and measurements. Stative Verb Examples Mental State Suppose Recognise Forget Remember Imagine Mean Agree Disagree Deny Promise Satisfy Realise Appear Astonish Possession Have Own Possess 10/29

Lack Consist Involve Emotions Like Dislike Hate Adore Prefer Care for Mind Want Need Desire Measure, cost, others Measure Weigh Owe Seem Fit Depend Matter Auxiliary Verbs We briefly mentioned the auxiliary verb when discussing the verb to be, however other verbs can function as auxiliary verbs and this means that they cannot create a sentence alone but requires the use of another verb and can help it to demonstrate various conditions, states or tenses. Let’s look at some examples of this. When I got there, she had finished the lesson. After he arrived home, we had eaten dinner. Auxiliary Verb Definition An auxiliary verb is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears, such as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. An auxiliary verb is most generally understood as a verb that “helps” another verb by adding grammatical information to it. Auxiliary Verb Examples Do: I do not feel like going out tonight. Have: I have just received his reply. 11/29

Be: A model railway mart will beheld on Friday. Will: He will not play volleyball. Auxiliary Verb Examples Causative Verbs 12/29

Causative Verb Definition Causative verbs are verbs that show the reason that something happened. They do not indicate something the subject did for themselves, but something the subject got someone or something else to do for them. Causative Verb Examples Have: I had the mechanic check the brakes. Get: I couldn’t get the engine to start. Make: I like him because he makes me laugh. Let: If you accept, please let me know. Causative Verb Examples Transitive Verbs A transitive verb is one which has the ability to have a noun directly attached to it. Examples of this might be: kick call write story answer questions Intransitive Verbs This type of verb cannot have a noun directly attached to it and requires the use of a preposition in order to help it function. Examples of intransitive verbs might be: run to the shop proceed with the game 13/29

abide by the rules. No Action To Be A no action to be verb means that the verb is not directly referencing an action. The verb to be can function as both an auxiliary verb as well as a main verb. When it is being used as a main verb it will join a subject to an adjective for example She is small. It might also join a subject to another noun, for example James is King. However, when to be functions as an auxiliary verb it will form the progressive tense. An example of this would be; The book is read by the teacher. He is watching the TV. Linking Verbs This is a type of verb which is a “non be” verb and is used to link a subject to a noun, a phrase or an adjective. For example: This looks amazing. The food tastes beautiful. The Different Forms Of Main Verbs When we are dealing with main verbs, there are different forms in which they can come. We are now going to take a look at each of these forms in a little more detail. Infinitives The infinitive form of a verb is that state in which it is originally found. In English, this is often with the word ‘to’ in front of the verb, for example to run, to see, to have, to live. What is a To-Infinitive? A to-infinitive is a verbal consisting of to + a verb, and it acts like a subject, direct object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. We use the infinitive: To indicate the purpose of an action As subject of the sentence As direct object of the sentence As subject complement As an adjective As an adverb After adjective After object that is noun or pronoun referring to a person 14/29

Used with question word Verbs Followed by Infinitives List of commonly used Verbs Followed by Infinitives Attempt Ask Arrange Beg Begin Care Choose Claim Consent Continue Dare Decide Demand Deserve Dislike Expect Fail Forget Get Hesitate Hope Hurry Intend Learn Like Love Manage Mean Neglect Need Offer Plan Prefer Prepare Pretend Proceed Promise Propose Refuse 15/29

Remember Seem Start Stop Struggle Swear Threaten Try Zero Infinitive We use the Zero Infinitive when: After modal auxiliary verbs After the object after certain verbs, such as hear, see, make, let After verbal idioms would rather and had better Used with WHY Zero Infinitive in English 16/29

Gerunds What is a Gerund? Gerunds are verbals that function as nouns and have an –ing ending. The gerund form of verbs is used as follows: Used as subject of a sentence Used as direct object of a sentence 17/29

Used as a subject complement Used as an object of a preposition Used after certain expressions How to Use Gerunds in English Verbs Followed by Gerunds Useful list of Verbs Followed by Gerunds in English. Admit Advise Anticipate 18/29

Acknowledge Appreciate Avoid Bear Begin Complete Consider Defer Delay Deny Discuss Dislike Enjoy Entail Finish Forget Hate Intend Involve Justify Keep Like Love Mention Mind Miss Postpone Practice Prefer Quit Recall Recollect Recommend Regret Resent Resist Risk Sanction Start Stop Suggest Tolerate Try List of Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds 19/29

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Present and Past Participles What is a Participle? A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. They function as adjectives, thus participles modify nouns or pronouns. Types of Participles There are two participles in the English language: the present and past participle. Present Participle This is a very simple concept as to create the present participle one must simply add the letters -ing to the verb stem. This shows that something is happening right now. For example I am leaving the house or The cat is lying on the rug. Past Participle Similarly to the present participle, the past participle shows time, in this case that something has already happened-or has happened in the past. In order to create the past participle, one must add the letters -ed to the verb stem. For example the sentence I decide what happens would become I decided what happens. Despite the addition of -ed being the regular form of past participle, there are some irregular verbs which do not follow this pattern. Some examples of this are as follows: to show – shown to see – seen to built – built 21/29

to feel – felt The Present Participle Image The Past Participle Image 22/29

Finite and Non-finite Verbs Another word for the finite form is the conjugated form. This happens when the verb is being used within a sentence. By conjugating the verb you are allowing it to demonstrate tense, number, mood and person. An example of this might be the sentence ‘he won the tournament.’ The conjugated verb here shows us that this is a past tense sentence in the third person singular. Learn Finite and Non-Finite Verb Forms in English. Finite Verb Forms A finite verb is controlled by the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the verb is singular. If the subject is plural, the verb is plural. Examples: 23/29

They are studying reproduction in shellfish. I sing with the university chorus. Non-finite Verb Forms A non-finite verb is not controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject. Examples: I don’ t want to go home in the dark. She put a blanket over the sleeping child. Finite and Non-finite Verb Forms Subject Verb Agreement Rules 24/29

Learn 10 Subject Verb Agreement Rules in English Grammar. The subject and verb must agree in number. A singular subject takes a singular verb, whereas a plural subject takes a plural verb. The subject is separated from the verb by “ with”, “as well as”, “together with”, “along with”. These words and phrases are not part of the subject. The verb agrees with the subject. Two subjects joined by “and” are plural. Two subjects joined by “or/not”, “either…or/neither…nor”, “not only…but also” take the verb that agrees with the subject closest to it. With collective nouns, the verb might be singular or plural (UK), depending on meaning. In sentences beginning with “ here” or “there“, the true subject follows the verb. The verb is singular if the subject is a singular indefinite pronoun. The verb is plural if the subject is a plural indefinite pronoun. And, some indefinite pronouns (some, any, all, most) may be either singular or plural, depending upon their use in a sentence. Use a singular verb for expressions of measurement, time. money and weight when the amount is considered one unit. Plural form subjects with a singular meaning take a singular verb. Titles of single entities are always singular. 10 Subject Verb Agreement Rules in English Other Verb Rules There are many rules surrounding the use of verbs in the English language, let’s take a look at the most important ones. 25/29

When talking in the third person, the verb requires an -es or -s form, for example, he uses the bathroom. If the verb and the subject have a long phrase between them, the verb has to agree with the original subject and not that of the phrase. For example, The sweets which he gave to his wife were very tasty. If the subject is preceded by the phrase ‘one of’, the following verb should be singular. For example, One of the children is crying. If two nouns are within a sentence and refer to the same thing or person, the following verb should be singular. For example, The doctor and the nurse are working in the hospital. If there are two nouns which are synonymous within a sentence, they should be followed with a singular verb. For example, His power and might is huge. Plural nouns on their own will use a plural verb, for example His shoes are too big. I However, if the plural noun is preceded by the words ‘a pair of’ then a singular verb is required. For example A pairs of shoes is quite expensive. If the noun is uncountable then a singular verb should always follow it, for example The poetry that he writes is very romantic. When a collective noun is referring to a single entity, it should use a singular verb, for example The military is very strict. However, if it is being used to refer to an individual then a plural verb should be used, for example The military are requesting new members. List of Verbs: Examples & Images Learn an extensive list of commonly used verbs in English. Do: I don’t know. Doubt: I doubt if it’ll snow. Drag: I had to drag him out of bed. Drive: He drives a truck. Drop: I dropped my sandwich. Dry: Raisins are dried grapes. Earn: He earns three times more than me. Eat: You can’t eat your cake and have it. Encourage: John encouraged Mary to learn how to speak French. Engage: We used to be engaged. Enter: He entered the room. Establish: The school was established in 1650. Examine: The doctor examined the patients. Experiment: They’re experimenting with a new car. Explore: He explored the Amazon jungle. Extend: We extended a hearty welcome to them. Fly: Tom wishes he could fly. Fold: Tom and Mary folded up the flag. Follow: We must follow the rules of the game. 26/29

Forbid: I forbid you to smoke. Fry: She fried fish in salad oil. Generate: This machine generates electricity. Get: We’ve got to get the economy under control or it will literally eat us up. Give: The waiter gives me the menu. Grow: Apples grow on trees. Hang: Don’t you hang up on me. Happen: You made it happen. Hesitate: I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. Hide: I’m hiding from Tim. Hug: I really need a hug. Hurry: It had to hurry to find a home because I was already on to something else. Hurt: I hurt my elbow. Identify: She identified him as the murderer. Improve: I need to improve my French. Include: Tom’s lunch includes a sandwich and an apple. Incorporate: Her business was incorporated. Indicate: The arrow indicates the way to go. Involve: This procedure involves testing each sample twice. Iron: I iron my clothes almost every day. Jog: I make it a rule to jog every morning. Jump: Can you jump over the river? Kiss: Did you kiss anybody? Kneel: Do not run, stand, kneel or spin in the slide. Laugh: Tom is laughing. Lay: He laid on his back. Learn: Children learn to creep ere they can go. Leave: Leave me alone! Lift: He couldn’t lift the table and no more could I. … 27/29

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What is a verb? Learn verb definition and different types of verbs in English Conclusion The verb is an integral part of the English language and there are many rules surrounding its use. In this article, we have learnt the various types of verbs as well as how to use the them by following some simple grammatical rules. 29/29















Unit 52. Verb + -ing A HÁy xem c¾c vÈ dÖ sau:  I enjoy dancing. (khéng nÍi 'I enjoy to dance') Téi thÈch khiãu vÕ.  Would you mind closing the door? (khéng nÍi 'mind to close') BÂn vui lÎng ½Íng giÒp c¾nh cøa ½õôc khéng?  I am suggested going to the cinema. (khéng nÍi 'suggested to go') Téi ½Á ½å nghÌ ½i xem phim. Sau c¾c ½îng t÷ enjoy, mind, v¿ suggest, ta dÓng -ing (khéng cÍ to...). Sau ½Ýy l¿ mît sê ½îng t÷ kh¾c cÕng theo qui luât trãn (theo sau bòi -ing): stop ngõng delay trÉ hoÁn fancy män thÈch consider xem xÃt, cÝn nhØc admit th÷a nhân miss bÏ sÍt, quãn involve liãn quan finish ho¿n th¿nh postpone hoÁn imagine tõòng tõông avoid tr¾nh deny chêi risk liåu lËnh practise thúc h¿nh  Suddenly everybody stopped talking. There was silence. Bíng nhiãn mÑi ngõñi ½åu ngõng nÍi chuyèn. #Á cÍ mît sú im lÜng.  I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished cleaning the flat. Téi sÆ ½i mua sØm khi téi ho¿n tÞt vièc lau chÓi c×n hî.  He tried to avoid answering my question. Anh Þy gØng nà tr¾nh trÀ lñi cÝu hÏi cÔa téi.  I don’t fancy going out this evening. Téi chÚng thÈch thÒ gÉ chuyèn ½i chïi têi nay.  Have you ever considered going to live in another country? #Á bao giñ bÂn nghË ½än vièc sÆ sinh sêng ò mît quêc gia kh¾c chõa? DÂng phÔ ½Ình l¿ not -ing:  When I’m on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early.

Trong thñi gian ½i nghÊ, téi khéng thÈch dây sðm. B Ta cÕng dÓng -ing sau: give up (=stop) t÷ bÏ put off (=postpone) hoÁn lÂi carry on/go on (=continue) tiäp tÖc keep or keep on tiäp tÖc.  Paula has given up smoking. Paula ½Á bÏ hÒt thuêc.  We must do something. We can’t go on living like this! (hoÜc ... carry on living...) ChÒng ta phÀi l¿m ½iåu gÉ théi. ChÒng ta khéng thæ tiäp tÖc sêng nhõ thä n¿y ½õôc!  Don’t keep interrupting me while I’m speaking. (hoÜc Don’t keep on interrupting...) #÷ng cÍ ngØt lñi khi téi ½ang nÍi. C #êi vði mît sê ½îng t÷ ta cÍ thæ dÓng cÞu trÒc verb+somebody+-ing.  I can’t imagine George riding a motorbike. Téi khéng thæ tõòng tõông ½õôc chuyèn George ½i xe m¾y.  You can’t stop me doing what I want. Anh khéng thæ ng×n téi l¿m nhùng gÉ téi muên l¿m.  “Sorry to keep you waiting so long.” “That’s all right.” \"RÞt tiäc ½Á ½æ anh chñ qu¾ lÝu nhõ vây.\" \"Khéng sao ½Ýu.\" Lõu û dÂng thÖ ½îng (being done/seen/kept v.v...):  I don’t mind being kept waiting. (= I don't mind people keeping me...) Téi khéng lÞy l¿m phiån khi phÀi chñ ½ôi. D Khi bÂn nÍi vå nhùng h¿nh ½îng ½Á ho¿n tÞt, bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng having done/stolen/said...  She admitted having stolen the money. Cé Þy thÒ nhân vièc lÞy cØp tiån.  I now regret saying (hoÜc having said) what I said. Giñ ½Ýy téi Ýn hân vÉ nhùng gÉ téi ½Á nÍi. #æ biät thãm vå regret, xem UNIT 55B.

E Sau mît sê ½îng t÷ trong b¿i n¿y (½Üc bièt l¿ admit/deny/suggest) bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng that...  She denied that she had stolen the money. (hoÜc She denied stealing) Cé Þy ½Á phÔ nhân vièc lÞy cØp tiån.  Ian suggested that we went to the cinema. (hoÜc Ian suggested going...) Ian ½Á ½å nghÌ chÒng téi ½i xem phim. #æ biät thãm vå suggest, xem UNIT 34.

Unit 53. Verb+to... (decide to do/forget to do, etc.) A tÜng quyät ½Ình offer hy vÑng decide xöng ½¾ng hope cê gØng deserve höa attempt ½ëng û promise dú ½Ình agree nhÙm mÖc ½Èch plan xoay xò aim cê gØng manage ½e dÑa afford t÷ chêi threaten sØp ½Üt refuse hÑc tâp arrange quãn learn thÞt bÂi forget fail Näu c¾c ½îng t÷ n¿y ½úôc theo sau bòi mît ½îng t÷ kh¾c thÉ cÞu trÒc thõñng l¿: verb + to ...(infinitive) (½îng t÷ nguyãn máu):  It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home. LÒc ½Í ½Á trç rëi nãn chÒng téi quyät ½Ình ½i taxi vå nh¿.  Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed to lend him some money. Simon ½Á ò trong mît tÉnh huêng khÍ kh×n, nãn téi ½ëng û cho anh Þy mõôn tiån.  How old were you when you learn to drive? (or “learn how to drive”) BÂn ½Á hÑc l¾i xe khi bÂn bao nhiãu tuìi?  I waved to Karen but failed to attract her attention. Téi ½Á váy Karen nhõng khéng thu hÒt ½õôc sú chÒ û cÔa cé Þy. ChÒ û l¿ nhùng vÈ dÖ n¿y khi chuyæn qua thæ phÔ ½Ình (negative) — not to...  We decided not to go out because of the weather. ChÒng téi ½Á quyät ½Ình khéng ½i chïi bòi thñi tiät xÞu.  I promised not to be late. Téi ½Á höa sÆ khéng trç. Vði nhiåu ½îng t÷ chÒng ta khéng thæ dÓng nguyãn máu (cÍ to...) nhõ bÉnh thõñng. VÈ dÖ nhõ enjoy/think/suggest:  I enjoy dancing. (khéng nÍi 'enjoy to dance')

Téi thÈch khiãu vÕ.  Ian suggested going to the cinema. (khéng nÍi 'suggested to go') Ian ½Á ½å nghÌ ½i xem phim.  Are you thinking of buying a car? (khéng nÍi 'thinking to buy') BÂn ½ang nghË ½än chuyèn mua mît chiäc xe hïi phÀi khéng? B CÕng cÍ thæ dÓng to sau c¾c ½îng t÷ seem (dõñng nhõ); appear (xuÞt hièn); tend (cÍ khuynh hõðng); pretend (giÀ vñ); claim (ph¿n n¿n), vÈ dÖ:  They seem to have plenty of money. Dõñng nhõ hÑ cÍ kh¾ nhiåu tiån.  I like George but I think he tends to talk too much. Téi män George nhõng téi cho rÙng anh Þy hay nÍi qu¾ nhiåu. CÕng cÍ thæ dÓng hÉnh thöc continuous infinitive (to be reading) v¿ perfect infinitive (to have done):  I pretended to be reading the newspaper. (=I pretended that I was reading) Téi ½Á giÀ vñ ½ang ½Ñc mît tñ b¾o.  You seem to have lost weight. (=it seems that you have lost weight) Anh Þy dõñng nhõ ½Á giÀm cÝn. C Ta nÍi “decide to do something”, “promise to do something” v.v... Mît c¾ch tõïng tú, ta cÍ thæ nÍi “a decision to do something”, “a promise to do something” v.v... (noun+to...):  I think his decision to give up his job was stupid. Téi cho rÙng quyät ½Ình bÏ vièc cÔa anh Þy l¿ dÂi dît.  George has a tendency to talk too much. George cÍ khuynh hõðng nÍi qu¾ nhiåu. D Sau dare bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng infinitive cÍ hay khéng cÍ to cÕng ½õôc.  I wouldn’t dare to tell him hoÜc I wouldn’t dare tell him. Téi sÆ khéng d¾m nÍi vði anh Þy. Nhõng sau daren’t hoÜc dare not, bÂn phÀi dÓng infinitive khéng cÍ to:  I daren’t tell him what happened. (khéng nÍi 'I daren't to tell him') Téi khéng d¾m nÍi vði anh Þy nhùng gÉ ½Á xÀy ra.

E Sau c¾c ½îng t÷ dõði ½Ýy, bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng mît t÷ ½æ hÏi (what/whether/how v.v...) + to... ask (hÏi) decide (quyät ½Ình) know (biät) remember (nhð) forget (quãn) explain (giÀi thÈch) learn (hiæu, biät) understand (hiæu) wonder (ngÂc nhiãn, tú hÏi)  We asked how to get to the station. ChÒng téi ½Á hÏi ½õñng ½i ½än nh¿ ga.  Have you decided where to go for your holiday? BÂn ½Á quyät ½Ình ½i nghÊ ò ½Ýu chõa?  I don’t know whether to apply for the job or not. Téi khéng biät cÍ nãn nîp ½ïn xin vièc hay khéng.  Do you understand what to do? BÂn cÍ hiæu phÀi l¿m gÉ khéng? Tõïng tú show/tell/ask/advise/teach somebody what/how/where to do something.  Can somebody show me how to change the film in this camera? CÍ ai cÍ thæ chÊ cho téi c¾ch thay phim cho chiäc m¾y Ành n¿y?  Ask Jack. He’ll tell you what to do. HÁy hÏi Jack. Anh Þy sÆ nÍi vði bÂn phÀi l¿m gÉ.

Unit 54. Verb+(object)+to... (I want (you) to do...etc A want ask help would like would love expect beg mean (=intend) would prefer would hate Nhùng ½îng t÷ n¿y theo sau bòi to... (infinitive). CÞu trÒc cÍ thæ ½õôc dÓng l¿:  verb+to  We expected to be late. ChÒng téi nghË l¿ chÒng téi sÆ trç.  Would you like to go now? BÂn cÍ muên ½i bÝy giñ khéng?  He doesn’t want to know. Anh Þy khéng muên biät. hoÜc  verb+object+to...  We expected Tom to be late. ChÒng téi nghË l¿ Tom sÆ trç.  Would you like me to go now? BÂn cÍ muên téi ½i bÝy giñ khéng?  He doesn’t want anybody to know. Anh Þy khéng muên mît ai biät hät. Càn thân vði want. Khéng nÍi “want that...”:  Do you want me to come with you? (khéng nÍi 'Do you want that I come') Anh cÍ muên em ½än vði anh khéng? Sau help bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng infinitive cÍ hay khéng cÍ to cÕng ½õôc. VÉ vây bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:  Can you help me to move this table? hoÜc Can you help me move this table? BÂn cÍ thæ giÒp téi dñi c¾i b¿n n¿y ½õôc khéng? B nÍi, kæ nhØc nhò tell Ãp buîc remind cÍ khÀ n×ng force dÂy enable ra lènh teach order

warn nhØc, cÀnh c¾o invite mñi persuade thuyät phÖc get (=persuade, arrange for) Nhùng ½îng t÷ n¿y ½õôc dÓng vði cÞu trÒc verb+object+to...  Can you remind me to phone Ann tomorrow? BÂn cÍ thæ nhØc téi gÑi ½ièn cho Ann v¿o ng¿y mai ½õôc khéng?  Who taught you to drive? Ai ½Á dÂy anh l¾i xe?  I didn’t move the piano by myself. I got somebody to help me. Téi ½Á khéng tú dñi ½õôc chiäc ½¿n piano. Téi ½Á nhñ mît ngõñi giÒp téi.  Jim said that the switch was dangerous and warned me not to touch it. Jim ½Á nÍi c¾i céng tØc l¿ khéng an to¿n v¿ nhØc téi khéng chÂm v¿o nÍ. Trong vÈ dÖ sau ½Ýy, ½îng t÷ ò thæ thÖ ½îng (passive) (was warned)  I was warned not to touch the switch. Téi ½Á ½õôc lõu û l¿ khéng chÂm v¿o céng tØc. ChÒ û l¿ bÂn khéng ½õôc dÓng suggest vði cÞu trÒc verb+object+to:  Jane suggested that I should buy a car. (not 'Jane suggested me to buy') Jane ½Á ½å nghÌ téi nãn mua mît xe hïi. Muên biät thãm vå suggest, xem UNIT 34 v¿ 52. C recommend allow advise forbid encourage permit Sau c¾c ½îng t÷ n¿y cÍ hai cÞu trÒc cÍ thæ ½õôc dÓng, hÁy so s¾nh:  verb+ -ing (without an object)  I wouldn’t recommend staying in that hotel. Téi khéng ½å nghÌ ò lÂi tÂi kh¾ch sÂn ½Í.  She doesn’t allow smoking in the house. Cé Þy khéng cho phÃp hÒt thuêc trong nh¿.  verb+object+to  I wouldn’t recommend anybody to stay in that hotel. Téi khéng khuyãn ai ½än ò kh¾ch sÂn ½Í.  She doesn’t allow us to smoke in the house.

Cé Þy khéng cho phÃp chÒng téi hÒt thuêc trong nh¿. So s¾nh nhùng vÈ dÖ n¿y vði cÞu trÒc thÖ ½îng (be) allowed (passive):  Smoking isn’t allowed in the house. HÒt thuêc ò trong nh¿ bÌ cÞm.  We aren’t allowed to smoke in the house. ChÒng téi khéng cho phÃp hÒt thuêc ò trong nh¿. D Make v¿ Let Hai ½îng t÷ n¿y ½i vði cÞu trÒc verb+object+infinitive (khéng cÍ to):  The customs officer made Sally open her case. (khéng nÍi 'to open') C¾c nhÝn viãn hÀi quan ½Á buîc Sally mò va li cÔa cé Þy.  Hot weather makes me feel tired. (causes me to feel tired) Thñi tiät nÍng núc l¿m téi cÀm thÞy mèt mÏi.  Her parents wouldn’t let her go out alone. (=wouldn't allow her to go out) Cha mÇ cé Þy sÆ khéng cho phÃp cé Þy ra khÏi nh¿ mît mÉnh.  Let me carry your bag for you. HÁy ½æ téi mang giÒp tÒi x¾ch cÔa anh. ChÒng ta nÍi “make somebody do...” (khéng nÍi 'to do'), nhõng dÂng thÖ ½îng l¿ “(be) made to do...” (infinitive cÍ to):  Sally was made to open her case. (by the customs officer) Sally ½Á bÌ buîc phÀi mò va li. (bòi c¾c nhÝn viãn hÀi quan)

Unit 55. Verb + -ing or to...(1) A Khi mît ½îng t÷ theo sau mît ½îng t÷ kh¾c, cÞu trÒc ½õôc dÓng thõñng l¿: verb+-ing hoÜc verb+to... HÁy so s¾nh:  verb+ -ing  They denied stealing the money. HÑ ½Á chêi l¿ khéng lÞy tiån.  I enjoy going out. Téi thÈch ½i dÂo.  ChÒng ta dÓng verb+-ing ½æ diçn tÀ mît h¿nh ½îng xÀy ra trõðc hay cÓng lÒc vði h¿nh ½îng cÔa ½îng t÷ ½öng trõðc.  verb+to...  They decided to steal the money. HÑ ½Á quyät ½Ình lÞy cØp tiån.  I want to go out. Téi muên ½i dÂo.  ChÒng ta dÓng to... ½æ diçn tÀ mît h¿nh ½îng xÀy ra tiäp theo h¿nh ½îng cÔa h¿nh ½îng cÔa ½îng t÷ ½öng trõðc. B #iæm kh¾c nhau n¿y rÞt hùu Èch (xem phßn B) nhõng khéng phÀi ½Á giÀi thÈch ½õôc tÞt cÀ c¾c c¾ch dÓng cÔa -ing v¿ to... Mît sê ½îng t÷ theo sau bòi ing hay to... sÆ mang û nghËa kh¾c nhau:  remember I remember doing something = Téi ½Á l¿m vièc ½Í v¿ bÝy giñ téi nhð lÂi You remember doing something after you have done it.  I’m absolutely sure I locked the door clearly. remember locking it (=I locked it, and now I remember this) Téi quÀ quyät l¿ téi ½Á khÍa cøa rëi m¿. Téi nhð rÐ r¿ng l¿ ½Á khÍa rëi. (=Téi ½Á khÍa cøa, v¿ bÝy giñ téi nhð lÂi ½iåu ½Í)  He could remember driving along the road just before the accident happened, but he couldn’t remember the accident itself. Anh Þy cÍ thæ nhð lÂi l¿ ½Á l¾i xe trãn ½õñng trõðc khi tai nÂn xÀy ra. Nhõng anh Þy khéng thæ nhð lÂi l¿ tai nÂn ½Á xÀy ra nhõ thä n¿o. I remembered to do something = Téi ½Á nhð ra l¿ phÀi l¿m vièc ½Í, v¿ do vây téi ½Á l¿m vièc ½Í You remember to do something before you do it.  I remembered to lock the door when I left but I forgot to shut the windows. (=I remember

that I had to lock the door and so I locked it) Téi ½Á nhð l¿ phÀi khÍa cøa nhõng téi ½Á quãn ½Íng cøa sì. (téi ½Á nhð l¿ phÀi khÍa cøa v¿ téi ½Á khÍa nÍ)  Please remember to post the letter. (=don't forget to post it) L¿m ïn nhð gøi l¾ thõ nhÃ. (½÷ng quãn bÏ thõ)  regret I regret doing something = Téi ½Á l¿m vièc ½Í v¿ giñ ½Ýy téi lÞy l¿m tiäc vå ½iåu ½Í:  I now regret saying what I said. I shouldn’t have said it. BÝy giñ téi Ýn hân nhùng gÉ ½Á nÍi ra. LÆ ra téi khéng nãn nÍi nhõ vây. I regret to say/to tell you/to inform you = Téi lÞy l¿m tiäc l¿ téi phÀi nÍi...  (from a formal letter) We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job. (trong mît l¾ thõ) ChÒng téi lÞy l¿m tiäc phÀi b¾o cho éng biät rÙng chÒng téi khéng thæ nhân éng v¿o l¿m vièc.  go on Go on doing something =Tiäp tÖc l¿m cÓng mît vièc gÉ ½Í:  The minister went on talking for two hours. «ng bî trõòng ½Á tiäp tÖc nÍi hai giñ liån.  We must change our ways. We can’t go on living like this. ChÒng ta phÀi thay ½ìi théi. ChÒng ta khéng thæ tiäp tÖc sêng mÁi nhõ thä n¿y ½õôc. Go on to do something = L¿m hay nÍi vièc gÉ kh¾c:  After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. Sau khi thÀo luân vå kinh tä, éng bî trõòng ½Á tiäp tÖc nÍi vå chÈnh s¾ch ½êi ngoÂi. C begin, start, intend, continue, bother Nhùng ½îng t÷ n¿y cÍ thæ ½õôc theo sau bòi -ing hay to... vði mît sú kh¾c bièt khéng ½¾ng kæ vå nghËa hoÜc khéng kh¾c nhau. VÉ vây bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:  It has started raining. hoÜc It has started to rain. Trñi ½Á bØt ½ßu mõa.  John intends buying a house. hoÜc John intends to buy. John ½Ình mua mît ngéi nh¿.  Don’t bother locking the door. hoÜc Don’t bother to lock... #÷ng bân tÝm ½än vièc kho¾ cøa. Nhõng thõñng ta khéng dÓng -ing theo sau -ing:  It’s starting to rain. (khéng nÍi 'it's starting raining')

Unit 56. Verb + -ing or to...(2) A Try to... v¿ try -ing  Try to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do (cê gØng l¿m, dÓng ní lúc ½æ l¿m):  I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldn’t. Téi ½Á rÞt mèt. Téi ½Á cê gØng giù mØt mò nhõng téi khéng thæ.  Please try to be quiet when you come home. Everyone will be asleep. Xin cê gØng giù yãn lÜng khi bÂn vå nh¿. MÑi ngõñi lÒc ½Í ½ang ngÔ. Try cÎn cÍ nghËa \"l¿m ½iåu gÉ ½Í nhõ mît sú thø nghièm hay kiæm tra\":  These cakes are delicious. You must try one. (You must have one to see or eat if you like it) Nhùng c¾i b¾nh n¿y ngon lØm. BÂn phÀi thø mît c¾i. (bÂn phÀi cÍ mît c¾i ½æ xem hoÜc ×n näu bÂn thÈch)  We couldn’t find anywhere to stay. We tried every hotel in the town but they were all full. (= we went to every hotel to see if they had a room) ChÒng téi ½Á khéng thæ tÉm ½õôc mît chí n¿o ½æ ò. ChÒng téi ½Á thø ½i tÞt cÀ c¾c kh¾ch sÂn trong thÌ trÞn nhõng chÒng ½åu khéng cÎn chí. (=chÒng téi ½Á ½i t÷ng kh¾ch sÂn ½æ tÉm xem cÍ cÎn mît phÎng trêng hay khéng) Näu try mang nghËa n¿y m¿ theo sau bòi mît ½îng t÷ thÉ chÒng ta dÓng try -ing:  A: The photocopier doesn’t seem to be working HÉnh nhõ m¾y photocopy khéng l¿m vièc. B: Try pressing the green button. (= press the green button — perhaps this will help to solve the problem) HÁy thø nhÞn c¾i nÒt m¿u xanh. (= nhÞn nÒt m¿u xanh — cÍ thæ ½iåu ½Í sÆ giÒp giÀi quyät ½õôc vÞn ½å) HÁy so s¾nh:  I tried to move the table but it was so heavy. (so I couldn't move it) Téi ½Á cê gØng dñi c¾i b¿n nhõng nÍ qu¾ nÜng. (vÉ vây téi khéng thæ dñi ½õôc nÍ)  I didn’t like the way the furniture was arranged, so I tried moving the table to the other side of the room. But it still didn’t look right, so I moved it back again. Téi ½Á khéng thÈch c¾ch xäp ½Üt b¿n ghä trong c×n phÎng n¿y vÉ vây téi thø dñi c¾i b¿n sang phÈa ½êi dièn cÔa c×n phÎng. Nhõng nhõ vây tréng cÕng khéng ìn lØm, nãn téi lÂi dñi nÍ vå chí cÕ. B Need to... v¿ need -ing  I need to do something = l¿m ½iåu ½Í l¿ cßn thiät ½êi vði téi.  I need to take more exercise. Téi cßn phÀi tâp thæ dÖc nhiåu hïn.

 He needs to work harder if he wants to make progress. Anh Þy cßn phÀi l¿m vièc ch×m chÊ hïn näu anh Þy muên tiän bî.  I don’t need to come to the meeting, do I? Téi khéng cßn phÀi ½än dú buìi hÑp, cÍ ½Òng khéng? Something needs doing = vièc gÉ ½Í cßn ½õôc l¿m.  The batteries in the radio need changing. (=they need to be changed) Nhùng cÖc pin trong m¾y thu thanh cßn ½õôc thay.  Do you think my jacket needs cleaning? (=... needs to be cleaned) Anh cÍ nghË l¿ c¾i ¾o vÃt cÔa téi cßn phÀi giÜt khéng?  It’s a difficult problem. It needs thinking about very carefully. (it needs to be thought about) #Í l¿ mît vÞn ½å nan giÀi. NÍ cßn phÀi ½õôc cÝn nhØc mît c¾ch hät söc càn thân. C Help v¿ can't help BÂn cÍ thæ nÍi “help to do” hoÜc “help do” (infinitive cÍ hay khéng cÍ to):  Everybody helped to clean up after the party hoÜc Everybody helped clean up... MÑi ngõñi ½Á giÒp thu dÑn sau bùa tièc.  Can you help me to move this table? hoÜc Can you help me move... BÂn cÍ thæ giÒp téi dñi c¾i b¿n n¿y ½õôc khéng? Mît th¿nh ngù thõñng hay ½õôc dÓng l¿ “can’t/couldn’t help doing something”, “I can’t help doing something” = “I can’t stop myself from doing it” (téi khéng thæ khéng l¿m ½iåu ½Í)  I don’t like him but he has a lot of problems. I can’t help feeling sorry for him. Téi khéng thÈch anh Þy nhõng anh Þy gÜp nhiåu khÍ kh×n. Téi khéng thæ khéng lÞy l¿m tiäc cho anh Þy.  She tried to be serious but she couldn’t help laughing. (= she couldn't stop herself from laughing) Cé Þy ½Á cê giù nghiãm tÒc nhõng cé Þy ½Á khéng thæ nÈn ½õôc cõñi.  I’m sorry I’m so nervous. I can’t help it (= I can't help being nervous) Téi xin líi téi ½Á giân dù nhõ vây. Téi khéng thæ tr¾nh khÏi ½iåu ½Í.