FlipBook1 Chandler

Body Systems Flip BookBy Chandler Boggs Tables of contents

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsNervous system Functions- Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Special Senses Functions- Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Cardiovascular system Functions- Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Respiratory system Functions- The main function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gas from the external environment to the circulatory system by facilitating oxygen Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Integumentary Functions- Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Musculoskeletal Tables of contents

Functions- The musculoskeletal system binds together to create support, protection, and body movement. The skeletal system traps and protects organs from injury while the muscle binds it together and makes mobility possible. Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careDigestive Functions- Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Urinary Functions- Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Reproductive system Functions- Terms- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers- Tables of contents

Nervous systemFunctions-The main function of the nervous system is to process input from sensory receptors,transfer and interpret impulses, and to control the functions of body muscles andorgans.Terms-Neur/o- relating to a nerveencephal/o- meaning brainmyel/o- spinal cord; bone marrowambu/o- artificial-respiration device-esthesia- capacity for sensation and feelingmening/o- meningespsych/o- relating to the mindconcuss/o- shaken togetherVocabulary ● Nerves-receive and transmit messages to0 and from all parts of the body ● Dendrites- receive impulses and conduct to the cell body ● Axon-conducts impulses away from the cell ● Brain- coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages through the body ● Pons-where the nerves cross over ● Hypothalamus- vital body functions; hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotions ● Cerebellum- coordination and balance ● Medulla oblongata- vital function; respirations, heart rate, and blood pressure ● Spinal cord- transmits nerve impulses between the brain, libs, and lower part of the body ● Frontal lobe- controls motor functionsDiseases- ● Multiple Sclerosis- A diseases of unknown cause that manifests as multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer of nerve fibers. ● Cerebrovascular Accident- A blood vessel in the brain may burst creating internal bleeding which leads to a stroke or a blood clot. Tables of contents

● Epilepsy- A seizure or convulsion is much shorter and less intense at younger ages but can increase to be very painful and longer at older ages. ● Aphasia- When the left side of the brain is injured it can cause speech loss from not being able to find the right word to complete loss of speech.Health careers- ● Neuroanatomist- studies the structure(anatomy) of the nervous system ● Neurochemist- studies the chemistry of of the nervous system for example, neurotransmitters Tables of contents

Special SensesFunctions-The main function of special senses is to connect humans to the real world so that theycan interpret what is happening and respond to it.Terms-Irid/o- iris (colored portion of eye)-cusis- hearing-iopia-ot/o- eartympan/o- eardrumopthalm/o- eye-metry- process of measuringVocabulary ● Eye- receptor organ for the sense of sight ● Adnexa of the eye- accessory structure that provides external protection and allows the eyes to move ● Eyebrow-prevent foreign objects from getting into the eye ● Lacrimal apparatus- removes tears ● Lens- focuses rays of light on the retina ● Retina- converts light images into electrical impulses ● Ears- receptor organ for the sense of hearing and helps maintain balance ● Middle ear- transmits sound waves to the inner ear ● Inner ear- receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the brain ● Outer ear- transmits sound waves to the middle earDiseases- ● Tinnitus- ringing or buzzing in the ears including subjective and objective ● Bell palsy- lost control of muscles on one side of the face due to the seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerve ● Colour blindness- to be unable to distinguish one or more of the three colors red, green, or blue. Most people with this disease have a very weak sense of color Tables of contents

● Myopia- visual abnormality in which the resting eye focuses the image of a distant object at a point in front of the retina resulting in a blurred imageHealth careers- ● Brain science- to study the complex parts of the brain and better understand ways through testing and possibly creating more ways to solve problems or discover issues ● Cognitive psychologist- study how we acquire information and process that information through things like listening, watching, reading, or searching for things Tables of contents

Cardiovascular systemFunctions-The main function of the Cardiovascular system is to circulate and transport nutrients,oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from cells in the body tonourish it and help to fight diseases.Terms- ● Cardi/o- relating to the heart ● angi/o- meaning vessel ● hem/o, hemat/o- blood ● Brady- slow ● Tachy- fast ● thromb/o- clotting of blood ● -emia- condition of blood ● leuk/o- relating to white ● erythr/o- relating to red ● arteri/o- relating to arteryVocabulary ● Heart-pumps blood through the body ● Blood vessel- transports blood ● Blood removes waste from the body ● Veins-carries blood through the body ● Arteries-carry blood from the heart ● Capillaries- where gas exchange occurs ● Plasma- liquid portion of the blood makes up 55% of it ● Palpitation-pounding of racing heart ● Embolism- blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus ● Arrhythmia-irregular or less normal rhythm of the heartDiseases- ● Aortic stenosis- your aortic valve narrows decreasing level of blood flow throughout the body including the heart ● Mitral valve insufficiency- the mitral valve cannot close properly causing blood to back up in the heart Tables of contents

● Cardiomyopathies- heart is abnormally large meaning the heart cannot pump blood as well without treatment this can lead to heart failure ● Pericarditis- a rare condition in which the the lining surrounding the heart gets inflamed usually by an infectionHealth careers- ● Cardiovascular Technologist- works in a cardiac cath lab and performs complex procedures like, stent implants, cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators ● Cardiovascular Technician- work in catheterization labs 40 hours a week Tables of contents

Respiratory systemFunctions- The main function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gas from theexternal environment to the circulatory system by facilitating oxygenTerms-Bronch/o- relating to the bronchiCyan/o- relating to the color bluelaryng/o- meaning larynx-oxia- condition of oxygenOxy- meaning sharppleur/o- meaning side or ribpneum/o- airpulmon/o- lungthorac/ot- chest or thoraxtrache/o- tracheaVocabulary ● Lung-deflates band inflates with air during respiration ● Laryngopharynx- the voice box ● Alveoli- where gas exchange occurs ● Epiglottis- closes off the larynx during swallowing ● Trachea- helps hold the esophagus in place ● Diaphragm- contracts and relaxing of this muscle makes breathing happen ● Inhalation- the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downwards ● Exhalation- the act of breathing out ● Cyanosis- bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen ● Respiratory rate- the number of respirations per minuteDiseases- ● Asthma- The airways are persistently inflamed, and may occasionally spasm, causing wheezing and shortness of breath ● Chronic bronchitis- characterized by a chronic productive cough ● Emphysema- lung damage allows air to be trapped in the lungs making it difficult to blow air out its hallmark Tables of contents

● Cystic Fibrosis- a genetic condition causing poor clearance of mucus from the bronchi and the accumulated mucus results in infectionsHealth careers- ● Respiratory therapists- help people who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases or infants that may be porn prematurely and need help with breathing properly ● RCP- responsible for providing respiratory care services to neonatal, pediatric, adult and geriatric critical care patients Tables of contents

IntegumentaryFunctions-The main function of the integumentary system is to protect the body from the outside. Italso retains body fluid, protects against diseases, eliminate waste products, andregulate body temperature.Terms-Derm/o, Dermat/o- relates to the skinline meaning skinkerat/o- refers to the “horny” tissue as in keratin and keratosisxer/o- means to be dryxanth/o- referring to the color yellowerythr/o- red or red blood cellspedicu/o- refers to the footonych/o- the nailmyc/o- means funguspil/o- composed of hairalbin/o- referring to the color whiteVocabulary ● Cellulitis-diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation within the layers of the skin ● Abrasion-An injury in which superficial layers of the skin are scraped or rubbed away ● Rosacea-A chronic condition of unknown cause that produces redness, tiny pimples, and broken vessels ● Hemangioma-A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels ● Lipectomy-Surgical removal of far beneath the skin ● Papilloma-A benign epithelial tumor that projects from the surrounding surface ● Dermatitis-Inflammation of the supper layer of the skin ● Comendo-A lesion formed by the buildup sebum and keratin in a hair follicle ● Lipoma-A benign fatty deposit under the skin, causing a bump ● Liposuction- surgery for removing excess fat from under the skin by suction Tables of contents

Diseases- ● Skin cancer- the most basic issues result in slight change of color in the skin and can destroy skin tissue and bone if not treated immediately ● Warts- are rough bumps that appear by a viral infection. Warts will sometimes contain black inside of them and are most common in the hands and feet. The best way to treat warts are to freeze them or use laser technology. ● Eczema- is usually red, itchy, or flaky to the skin. Things like poison ivy are the most common results of eczema but can be treated easily with a prescribed cream or ointment. ● Acne- a disorder of the hair or oil glands is one of the most common conditions caused by hormones. They appear as red bumps or pimples on the face, chest, and back. The best way to treat acne is to digest vitamin A or take antibiotics to reduce inflammation.Health careers- ● Dermatologist​-medical expert you should consult if you have any significant problem with your skin. ● Plastic Surgeon- perform operations that change the appearance of a patient's body. They do not only perform cosmetic surgeries but also perform reconstructive surgeries of patients that have had a severe injury or have birth defects. Tables of contents

MusculoskeletalFunctions- ​The musculoskeletal system binds together to create support, protection,and body movement. The skeletal system traps and protects organs from injury whilethe muscle binds it together and makes mobility possible.Terms-My/o- muscleMyel/o- bone marrowOste/o- boneCost/o- ribCrani/o- skull-Pexy- fixationChondr/o- cartilageArthr/o- joint-plegia- paralysis; palsyKinesi/o- movementVocabulary ● Tendon-band of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone ● Muscle Insertion- where the muscle ends or attaches to a bone on the movable part ● Muscle origin- where the muscle begins or attaches to the bone on the immovable part ● Bursitis-Inflammation of the fluid- filled pad that acts as cushions at the joints ● Comminuted-producing multiple bone splinters ● Craniectomy-removal of the skull ● Vertebrae-bones that form the backbone ● Scoliosis-is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine ● Rectus-several straight structures ● Oblique-nither parallel or perpendicular Tables of contents

Diseases- ● Arthritis- the joint tissue becomes easier to wear and tear which causes swelling, pain, and even loss of mobility. ● Osteoporosis- loss of calcium from bone or failure to be replaced can result in bone density loss which makes the bones easy to fracture. ● Osteomalacia- refers to soft bone when there is not enough calcium in the body at early life which causes the bones to become rubber like because they are not fully developed. ● Carpal tunnel syndrome- occurs when the joints of the finger and wrist have flexed so much to where the nerves begin to slow their reaction until very little movement is possible.Health care ● Massage therapist- treat clients by relaxing muscles to help make optimal movements easier and pain free. Relieving pain of the soft tissue also helps with decreasing stress. ● Chiropractors- manipulates the spine to help align the back and neck so that pain decreases and bone, muscles, ligaments, and tendons are relaxed. Tables of contents

DigestiveFunctions-The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into smaller moleculesso that they can be absorbed by the body.Terms-Cholecyst/o- meaning gallbladderenter/o- relating to the intestinecol/o, colon/o- large intestinehepat/o- livergastr/o- stomachor/o- mouth-pepsia- relating to digestionchol/e- relating to bile or gallproct/o- anus or rectumVocabulary ● Esophagus- leads the food down the stomach from the larynx ● Stomach- churns the food so the stomach acid breaks it down ● Sublining glands- moses food to go down easier ● Lips- important to hold in food while in mouth ● Teeth- breaks down food ● Gallbladder-stores and converts bile for use ● Large intestine- waste products are processed for preparation to be excreted ● Small intestine- collects nutrients from the food ● Metabolism- includes all the processed involved in the body's use of nutrients ● Digestion-process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can useDiseases- ● Jaundice- yellowing of the skin from the backup of bile. Blockage of the of the ducts results in drainage of bile from the liver into the intestines. ● Cirrhosis- degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcoholics and looks orangish yellow. Tables of contents

● Dysphagia- usually caused by a esophageal tumor and can result in the difficulty of swallowing. ● Peritonitis- Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity. Without antibiotics people would die from an appendix burst.Health careers- ● Gastroenterology- treat diseases throughout the digestive system from the esophagus to the rectum. ● Oncologist- deal with cancer involved in the digestive system like tumors of the throat and treat patients with chemotherapy, radiation, and the surgical removal of tumors. Tables of contents

UrinaryFunctions-The main function of the urinary system is to remove waste product from the body andto control blood pressure.Terms--cele- tumor or hernia-lysis- destruction of cellscyst/o- relating to bladdernephr/o- meaning kidneyren/o- related to kidney-uria- urine-pexy- surgical fixation-ectasis- dilation of somethingpyel/o- renal pelvisVocabulary ● Adrenal gland- regulate electrolyte levels ● Right Kidney- filter blood ntov remove waste ● Left Kidney- removes excessive water to maintain the fluid volume when the body ● Ureters- transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder ● Urethra-transport urine from the bladder through the urethral canal ● Urinary bladder- stores urine until it is excreted ● Urochrome-pigment that gives urine its normal color ● Nephrosis- diseases of the kidney ● Hyperproteinuria- high concentration of protein ● Hyperlipidemia- large amount of lipids in the bloodDiseases- ● Urinary tract infection- Bacteria enters the urinary tract affecting the urethra, bladder, or kidneys and can usually be treated with antibiotics ● Interstitial cystitis- a chronic bladder condition that causes bladder pressure and can increase pain in the pelvic region Tables of contents

● Kidney stones- clumps of calcium oxalate which forms a solid that can create intense back and side pain but can usually be treated with things like shock wave lithotripsy. ● Bladder cancer- symptoms may include, back or pelvic pain, difficulty urinating/frequent urination, and can mimic similar symptoms as the others listed above.Health careers- ● Urologist- provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract and may diagnose or treat diseases, cancers, deformities and injuries. ● Nephrologist- Provide medical management for kidney disease. Tables of contents

Reproductive systemFunctions-The main function of the reproductive system is to secrete sex hormones needed inorder to create life.Terms-cervic/o- neck of uterussalping/o- fallopian tubeov/o- relating to eggsorchid/o- testisoophor/o- ovarymen/o- menstruationmamm/o- breastgynec/o- womancolp/o- vaginaprostat/o- prostate glandVocabulary ● Penis- used for sexual intercouse amd reprodution ● Testicles-produce sperm and the male hormones testosterone. ● Ovaries- produce ova and female hormones ● Fallopian tubes- catches mature ova and provides the site for fertilization also transports ova to the uterus ● Uterus- protects and supports the developing child ● Vagina-used for sexual intercousre ● Phimosis- a narrowing of the opening of the foreskin ● Colposcopy- visual exam of the vigina and cervix ● Hydrocele- fluid filled testicle ● Anorchism- congenital absence of one or more testcles Tables of contents

Diseases- ● Pelvic inflammatory disease-the female reproductive system is more susceptible to this disease and can acquire it from bacteria passing through the vagina and down into the abdominal cavity, causing inflammation. ● Endometriosis- the abdominal cavity or pelvic cavity is the lining of endometrial tissue and can cause lots of pain during menstruation from bleeding. ● Prolapsed uterus- the ligaments that hold the uterus in place may collapse causing the uterus to prolapse the vagina and surgical repair will be needed. ● Mammoplasty- surgical reconstruction of the breast may include enlargement, reduction, or cosmetic repair after a mastectomy.Health careers- ● Obstetrician- a physician specialized in the diagnosis and management of pregnancy and delivering babies. ● Gynecologist- a physician specialized in diseases of the female reproductive system and surgery of the area including combining practices of OB/GYN. Tables of contents

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